How much does it cost to set up a company in France as a foreign founder? The short answer is that the unavoidable administrative base is usually modest, but it is only one part of the cash you must have available. For a commercial company, the official registration fee is currently €33.83 and the initial declaration of beneficial owners costs €19.33. A legal notice must also be published, with a price that depends on the legal form and the department. Business France gives an indicative legal-notice range of €120 to €200. That produces a useful starting point of approximately €173.16 to €253.16 before share capital, registered-office costs, translation, banking and legal or accounting assistance.
That calculation must not be confused with the share capital. Capital is normally deposited into a blocked account or with a notary and is intended to become the company’s money after registration. It is not a government fee. It does, however, determine how much cash is immobilised during the filing and how credible the project appears to a bank, landlord or commercial partner.
The position is also different for an international founder. The official English guidance states: “A foreigner can set up a company in France without residing there.” The founder may therefore need a French registered office and a reliable document file without immediately paying the personal immigration costs associated with relocating. This article separates mandatory filing costs from capital and from the cross-border costs that most often cause a budget to fail.
I. What does it really cost to set up a company in France?
A. Which fees are mandatory before the Kbis?
The first distinction is between the legal cost of creating the company and the cost of making the project operational. A foreign founder who searches for “company formation in France” may receive a single package price from a provider. That price can be useful for comparison, but it hides several different legal operations. A proper budget identifies each operation, its payer, the moment when it is due and whether it is a one-off cost or a recurring expense.
The formal creation of a French commercial company normally involves the following unavoidable components:
| Cost item | What it covers | Budget treatment |
|---|---|---|
| Registration | Entry of the company in the relevant registers through the single business-formalities portal | €33.83 for a commercial company on the current official guidance, subject to the applicable activity and tariff |
| Beneficial-owner declaration | Identification of the natural persons who own or control the company | €19.33 for the initial declaration, according to Service Public Entreprendre |
| Legal notice | Publication announcing the constitution of the company in an authorised legal-notice medium | Variable by legal form and department; obtain the live amount from the official simulator |
| Share capital | Cash or in-kind contribution allocated to the company | Not a filing fee; it remains an asset of the company after registration, subject to ordinary use and accounting rules |
The current Service Public Entreprendre page on the cost of company-creation formalities states that the registration of a commercial company costs €33.83 and that the mandatory declaration of beneficial owners adds €19.33. The same page makes clear that the legal-notice price varies according to the legal form and the department. The official legal-notice simulator was verified on 5 January 2026 and explains that the tariff is updated by the applicable ministerial order. A founder should therefore not copy an old blog figure into a budget without checking the form, the registered-office department and the date.
For a standard SAS, SASU, SARL or EURL, the registration and beneficial-owner items therefore form a current statutory base of €53.16. If the legal notice costs between €120 and €200, the illustrative pre-capital total is €173.16 to €253.16. This is a calculation, not an official all-in quotation. It excludes any provider’s drafting fee, the cost of a registered office, bank charges, certified translation, an apostille or legalisation, an accountant, a contribution auditor, a regulated-activity authorisation and any additional filing caused by an incomplete dossier.
The word “registration” also needs to be understood correctly. Since 1 January 2023, the founder files one electronic dossier through the national single business-formalities portal. Article L. 123-33 of the French Commercial Code provides for a single dossier deposited electronically with a designated single body. The French National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) explanation of the single portal and the National Register of Enterprises confirms that the portal centralises creation, amendment, cessation and annual-account filings. INPI is the Institut national de la propriété industrielle; its role here is the operation of the portal and the National Register of Enterprises, not the private drafting of a company’s articles.
The filing is examined by the relevant bodies. The court registry, called the greffe, checks the information that falls within its competence. The Trade and Companies Register, or RCS (Registre du commerce et des sociétés), records commercial companies. The National Register of Enterprises, or RNE (Registre national des entreprises), is the wider national register. The company’s official extract is commonly called the Kbis. It is evidence that the company has been registered; it is not the act that creates the company’s share capital and it does not replace the articles of association.
The legal notice is not a decorative marketing expense. It is a statutory publicity step designed to inform third parties of the constitution and essential characteristics of the company. The publication must be made in a medium authorised for the department of the registered office. The amount can change with the form and the wording. A short and accurate notice is therefore preferable to copying a template that includes unnecessary or inconsistent information. If the notice contains a wrong company name, legal form, capital amount or registered-office department, the founder may have to pay again and correct the filing.
The initial beneficial-owner declaration is another separate legal operation. The beneficial owner is the natural person who directly or indirectly holds more than 25% of the capital or voting rights, or who controls the company by another means. A foreign parent company does not by itself answer the question: the filing must trace the ownership chain to the natural person or persons who ultimately control it. The official Service Public page on the beneficial-owner register states that the declaration is made at incorporation and currently costs €19.33. Article L. 561-46 of the French Monetary and Financial Code requires the relevant entities to declare identifying and control information. A foreign founder who treats this as a bank-only question may create a filing inconsistency before the bank has even finished its review.
There can also be a tariff variation linked to the activity. The Service Public page identifies special treatment for a purely craft activity, a mixed craft and commercial activity and an agent-commercial registration. An agent commercial is a commercial intermediary acting on behalf of a principal; the activity can require registration in both the RCS and the special register for commercial agents. The formalities page maintained by the government also publishes the applicable official registry and beneficial-owner tariffs. The founder should classify the activity before calculating the filing amount, rather than assuming that every project qualifies for the same commercial-company line.
Finally, the initial filing is not the whole first-year budget. After the Kbis, the company may need a bank account, bookkeeping, annual accounts, corporate income-tax filings, value added tax (VAT) returns, business-property tax and payroll administration. Corporate income tax is often referred to in France as IS, for impôt sur les sociétés. The business-property tax is CFE, for cotisation foncière des entreprises. Those are operating or tax costs, not the legal fee for creating the company. Separating them prevents a founder from believing that a €200 filing budget is a realistic cash runway.
B. What is capital, and what is an expense?
The share capital is the contribution recorded in the articles of association and allocated between the shareholders. It is not the same thing as the cost of the formation. An amount transferred as capital is not consumed merely because it was deposited. It is initially blocked so that the depositary can issue the certificate required for the registration process. Once the company is registered, the funds can normally be released for the company’s business purposes. The official English guidance says that the capital “can be recovered after the registration of the business”; the legally safer way to understand that sentence is that the company can use its own funds after registration, not that the founder automatically receives a personal refund.
For the common French structures used by international founders, the statutory minimum is low. Business France states: “The share capital is freely determined in SARLs and SASs, with a minimum of €1.” SARL means société à responsabilité limitée, a private limited-liability company. EURL means entreprise unipersonnelle à responsabilité limitée, its one-member form. SAS means société par actions simplifiée, a simplified joint-stock company. SASU means société par actions simplifiée unipersonnelle, the one-member form. A public limited company, or SA (société anonyme), has a very different capital regime and should not be used as the baseline for a small foreign-founder budget.
The minimum is not a recommendation. A company with €1 of capital may be legally possible but commercially underfunded. A bank reviewing a foreign founder’s file may ask whether the capital matches the first invoices, deposits, salaries, rent and regulatory costs. A commercial partner may also read a very low capital as a weak financial signal. The right amount depends on the company’s first commitments and financing plan, not on the smallest figure that can be typed into the articles.
The amount that must be paid immediately also depends on the legal form. For a SAS or SASU, the rules on cash contributions refer to the regime under which at least half of the nominal value of cash shares is released on subscription, with the balance capable of being released within five years after registration. The relevant provision is Article L. 225-3 of the Commercial Code, read with the rules applicable to the simplified joint-stock company. For a SARL or EURL, Article L. 223-7 of the Commercial Code requires cash contributions to be released by at least one fifth, with the remainder capable of being paid within five years. A founder who budgets only the legal minimum must still check the percentage due at formation and the bank’s own deposit requirements.
Capital in kind changes the calculation. A vehicle, software, equipment, intellectual property or other asset can be contributed instead of cash, but the asset must be described and valued. In some situations a contribution auditor is required. A foreign founder may also need evidence of ownership, valuation documents, an accurate translation and a chain of title. The apparent saving in cash can therefore create a larger professional and documentary cost. A contribution that cannot be valued or transferred cleanly is a filing risk, not a free alternative to capital.
The capital deposit also raises a timing question: what may the founder sign before the company has legal personality? Article 1842 of the Civil Code provides that the relevant companies acquire legal personality on registration. Article 1843 of the Civil Code addresses obligations incurred by people acting for a company in formation and the possible takeover of those commitments after registration. Article L. 210-6 of the Commercial Code expresses the same principle for commercial companies and states that the people who act for the company before it acquires legal personality remain jointly and indefinitely liable unless the company properly takes over the commitments.
The Court of Cassation’s Commercial Chamber applied this framework in its published decision of 29 November 2023, appeal no. 22-18.295. The official Légifrance decision explains that the judge must examine the circumstances of the act where the document does not expressly identify the company in formation. In practical terms, a lease, software order, adviser engagement or bank document should say clearly that the individual is acting “for and on behalf of the company in formation”, identify the intended company and state how the commitment is to be taken over. This is a legal-protection measure that can prevent an apparently small pre-registration cost from becoming the founder’s personal debt.
The Court also addressed the same issue in its published decision of 29 November 2023, appeal no. 22-21.623, available on Légifrance. A third-party contract is not made safe merely because the articles are later signed. The wording, the surrounding correspondence and the parties’ common intention matter. For a foreign founder signing from another jurisdiction, that means a power of attorney and a bilingual explanation should be prepared before any deposit, lease or service order is signed.
A later decision, Commercial Chamber, 6 November 2024, appeal no. 23-20.089, is also a warning against casual wording. In the official Légifrance decision, the Court required the lower court to distinguish an act signed by the company itself, before it had legal personality, from an act signed by a person acting for the company in formation. The practical conclusion is simple: the capital deposit, registered-office contract and professional instructions should use the correct legal capacity from the first signature.
Consequently, a founder’s cash plan should show three separate lines: capital that will belong to the company, one-off legal and filing expenses that will be consumed, and pre-registration commitments for which the founder may remain personally liable until takeover. A low official fee does not justify underfunding the company or signing documents in the wrong name.
II. How should a foreign founder budget and secure the filing?
A. Which additional cross-border costs and documents can derail the budget?
The cross-border part of the budget usually fails because a founder counts only the online filing fee. The company may be French, but the evidence proving the identity, address, authority and ownership of the people behind it may be issued abroad. Each document must be acceptable to the recipient, consistent with the articles and usable by the bank, the filing portal and the beneficial-owner register.
The first variable is the founder’s personal and corporate document set. A natural-person founder will commonly need a passport or identity document, proof of address and civil-status information. A foreign legal-entity shareholder may need its certificate of incorporation, current registry extract, articles, board or shareholder authorisation, and a document identifying its directors and ultimate beneficial owners. Depending on the country of origin and the recipient, the documents may need an apostille, legalisation, a recent issue date or a certified French translation. A translation that is adequate for an informal commercial discussion may not be adequate for a registry or a bank.
The second variable is the registered office. A French company must have a registered office in France. That may be the founder’s premises, a commercial lease, an office provider or an authorised domiciliation company. Domiciliation means using a professional address for the company’s registered office under a contract; it does not automatically give the founder the right to live or work there. The address must be supported by a document that corresponds to the company’s legal situation. An address chosen only because it appears on a website can generate a request for regularisation, a second notice or a bank refusal.
The third variable is the bank and the origin of funds. The capital deposit is often the first serious practical obstacle for a founder outside France. The bank or notary may ask for a business plan, invoices or contracts, evidence of the source of the funds, the ownership chain of a parent company and explanations of the expected activity. International transfers create exchange-rate and bank-charge exposure. A transfer that arrives from an account in a different name from the shareholder can be delayed or rejected. The amount of capital may also be held until the certificate is issued, so it must not be money needed for personal living expenses.
The official English guidance on creating a company explains that depositing share capital requires opening an account in the name of the company being formed, depositing the cash contributions and obtaining a certificate of deposit. It also gives an indicative legal-notice planning range of €120 to €200. These are useful planning signals, but they do not override the bank’s own compliance review or the official legal-notice simulator, which must be checked for the chosen form and department.
The fourth variable is the ownership declaration. A foreign group may have several holding companies, nominee arrangements, trusts, foundations or voting agreements. The filing must identify the natural person who ultimately holds or controls the French company. If the ownership is indirect, the percentages and control rights must be reconstructed rather than guessed. Article L. 561-47 of the Monetary and Financial Code allows the registry to act where the beneficial-owner information is not declared or is not brought into compliance after notice. The consequence can include removal from the RCS, additional professional fees and an inability to complete banking or tax steps.
The fifth variable is the distinction between incorporation and residence. The English Service Public guidance confirms that a third-country national may create a French company without residing in France, while residence or effective habitual activity in France can require an appropriate permit. The guidance lists the preliminary steps for a company as choosing a registered office, depositing the capital, appointing the officer, drafting the articles and publishing the legal notice. Read the distinction carefully: a remote shareholder or director may be legally possible, but a founder who plans to move to France, work there personally or operate as an individual contractor may need a different immigration and social-security analysis. The cost of incorporation is not the cost of relocation.
The sixth variable is the company’s tax and social-security setup after registration. The company may need to create a professional account on the French tax website, choose or confirm its corporate income-tax and VAT position, arrange bookkeeping and prepare its first declarations. The official impots.gouv.fr guidance explains that the professional space is used to file and pay business taxes, request refunds and consult the company’s tax account. A foreign founder should budget the time and any adviser’s fee for activating that account, especially where the company’s email, bank mandate or representative is outside France.
VAT requires its own decision. A company selling to French customers, supplying business customers in other European Union states or importing goods may need a French VAT number and periodic returns. VAT is not automatically an incorporation cost; it is a tax mechanism that can create a cash-flow cost when the company must pay or collect tax before it has recovered input VAT. The filing should therefore describe the actual activity and expected transactions rather than selecting a tax option only because it appears cheap.
Professional assistance is also a variable, not an administrative tariff. Drafting articles for a simple one-founder cash business is different from drafting a shareholders’ agreement, preferred rights, a corporate-director arrangement, an intercompany services agreement or a bilingual governance package. A founder should ask whether a quote includes the registered-office contract, legal notice, capital-deposit coordination, INPI filing, regularisation, beneficial-owner declaration, tax registrations and post-registration bank release. “Company formation” can mean one filing or an entire implementation project.
There may be regulated-activity or foreign-investment controls. A business in defence, security, health, energy, transport, finance or another controlled sector can require authorisation or prior review. The ownership and activity analysis should be carried out before paying for a fixed filing package. Otherwise, the founder may pay the filing fee and professional fee only to discover that the company cannot lawfully begin the planned activity without an additional authorisation.
B. Which sequence minimises refusal, personal liability and hidden costs?
A controlled sequence is more valuable than a low headline price. The objective is to make the filing complete on its first submission, preserve evidence of the founder’s authority and avoid spending company money before the company can validly receive the commitment. The following order is suitable for a foreign founder who intends to create a French SAS, SASU, SARL or EURL, subject to the activity and ownership being checked.
- Define the activity and the target structure. Decide whether the project needs a French subsidiary, a branch, a liaison office or another vehicle. Confirm the number of shareholders, the intended director, the financing plan and the first contracts. Do not reuse the cost model for a branch as if it were the cost model for a subsidiary: a branch has no separate French share capital in the same sense, while a subsidiary is a separate legal person with its own formation and governance.
- Check the name, purpose and regulated-activity position. Search the proposed name, check domain and trademark risks, verify that the corporate purpose covers the real business and identify any authorisation. A cheap filing with an unusable name or an incomplete purpose is not a saving.
- Secure the French registered office. Sign the lease or domiciliation contract in the correct capacity, retain proof of the right to use the address and confirm that the provider accepts a company in formation. If a founder signs personally, state that the act is made for and on behalf of the company in formation and arrange the takeover mechanism in the articles, a mandate or a later shareholder decision.
- Build one consistent document pack. Compare every spelling, date, nationality, address and percentage across the articles, passport, parent-company extract, power of attorney, beneficial-owner declaration and bank file. Order translations and apostilles early. A document request after payment is cheaper than a new filing, but a late request can still delay the business launch.
- Set the capital at a defensible level. Separate the capital transfer from the professional fee and from the founder’s personal reserve. Confirm how much must be released immediately for the chosen form. Ask the depositary what account name, transfer reference and supporting evidence it needs.
- Publish the legal notice after the articles are stable. Use the correct form, department, company name, capital and registered office. Save the publication certificate. If the articles change after publication, check whether a new notice is required rather than filing inconsistent documents.
- File through the INPI portal and monitor regularisation. The INPI guide to the key company-creation steps explains that the creation request is made online and that the founder can follow the status from the dashboard. A request for additional documents is not the same as a final refusal. Respond in the existing dossier, with a clear explanation and a complete replacement document where necessary.
- Confirm registration before using the capital operationally. Obtain the Kbis or official registration evidence, verify the SIREN (the unique company identification number), SIRET (the establishment identification number) and APE code (the main activity code), then ask the depositary or bank to release the funds to the company’s operating account. Keep the capital transfer, release and first payments in the company’s accounting records.
- Complete the first tax and ownership steps. Activate the professional tax account, confirm the corporate income-tax and VAT treatment, keep the beneficial-owner information current and set reminders for the first annual accounts and tax deadlines. BODACC, the Bulletin officiel des annonces civiles et commerciales, is the official bulletin that publishes certain corporate and commercial notices; it should not be confused with the Kbis or with the legal-notice publication.
- Review every pre-registration commitment. If the company does not take over the commitment correctly, the founder may remain personally liable. The written record should identify the company in formation, the person acting, the intended takeover and the company’s eventual registration. This is particularly important for the registered office, bank account, software, professional services and any lease.
The Supreme Court’s published decision of 29 November 2023, appeal no. 22-21.623, is important for this sequence because it rejects a mechanical approach to acts signed during formation: the judge examines the act and the circumstances to determine whether the parties intended it to be made for the company in formation. The decision can be read on Légifrance. The related published decision of the same date, appeal no. 22-12.865, is available here. These decisions are not a substitute for careful drafting, but they show why the wording of the first contract matters.
For budgeting, the following model is more reliable than a single advertised package:
| Budget layer | Questions to answer | What to record |
|---|---|---|
| Legal minimum | What are the current registration, beneficial-owner and legal-notice amounts? | €33.83 + €19.33 + the live legal-notice tariff, with the activity and department noted |
| Company liquidity | How much capital must be deposited, and how much is needed for the first 90 days? | Capital, bank charges and a separate operating reserve; do not count capital as a consumed fee |
| Cross-border evidence | Which documents need translation, apostille, legalisation or a recent registry extract? | One checklist per founder, director, shareholder and beneficial owner |
| Implementation | Who drafts, translates, files, answers regularisation and handles the bank and tax accounts? | A written scope separating one-off fees, VAT and recurring accounting or compliance work |
| Failure reserve | What happens if the bank requests more evidence or the INPI dossier is returned? | A reserve for additional documents, a second notice, filing adjustments and delayed launch costs |
The company should also keep a clear evidence file. Save the official tariff calculation, the legal-notice certificate, the capital-deposit certificate, the signed articles, each power of attorney, the filing receipt, the INPI dashboard messages, the regularisation response and the registration evidence. If a bank, investor or authority later asks why a payment was made before registration, the file should show the legal capacity in which the founder acted and how the company took over the obligation.
A foreign founder should not treat the Kbis as the end of the legal work. It is the point at which the company becomes operationally identifiable, not a waiver of tax, accounting, ownership or employment obligations. The company may have to appoint or remunerate a director, register for VAT, set up payroll and social-security reporting, prepare invoices with the correct SIREN and SIRET information, and file annual accounts. The first-year cost should be modelled from the company’s actual activity and not from the registration fee alone.
The URSSAF information service and its cost-of-creation tools are useful for testing the applicable form and identifying costs that are not part of a simple registry calculation. URSSAF is the French network that collects social-security contributions. The official simulator warns that additional registry or postal fees can arise where information or documents are missing or incorrect and that its calculations are indicative. That is exactly why a foreign-founder budget should contain a documentary and timing reserve.
If the project is intended to be operated from Paris or another part of France, the founder should add the local registered-office, employment, lease and tax consequences to the model. That is different from the cost of forming the company while remaining abroad. The personal residence question belongs in the immigration and social-security analysis; the company-formation question belongs in the corporate filing, ownership, capital and governance analysis.
Conclusion
For a straightforward French commercial company, the current unavoidable filing base is approximately €53.16 before the legal notice: €33.83 for commercial registration and €19.33 for the initial beneficial-owner declaration. Adding the official indicative legal-notice range of €120 to €200 gives an illustrative pre-capital total of €173.16 to €253.16. That figure is not the full budget. It excludes the share capital, which is company liquidity rather than a consumed fee, and it excludes the cross-border costs that can determine whether the filing is accepted: a French registered office, certified translations, apostilles or legalisation, bank compliance, beneficial-owner evidence, professional drafting and tax or accounting implementation.
The safest approach is to price the project in layers, choose a defensible structure and capital level, prepare one consistent document pack, sign every pre-registration commitment in the correct capacity, publish the legal notice only after the articles are stable, and monitor the INPI dossier until the registration evidence is issued. A foreign founder may incorporate without residing in France, but that does not eliminate the need to budget for effective activity, tax, social-security or immigration consequences if the founder later moves or works in France.
For a coordinated legal review of the structure, ownership chain, capital and filing documents, see the firm’s French company-formation and corporate-law service.
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