{"id":2151744,"date":"2026-10-19T02:17:16","date_gmt":"2026-10-19T00:17:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/10\/19\/british-parent-france-ehpad-care-home-fees-apa-children-pay-challenge-brexit\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T02:17:16","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T00:17:16","slug":"british-parent-france-ehpad-care-home-fees-apa-children-pay-challenge-brexit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/19\/british-parent-france-ehpad-care-home-fees-apa-children-pay-challenge-brexit\/","title":{"rendered":"British Parent in France Needs a Care Home After Brexit: EHPAD Fees, APA Help, What Children Must Pay and How to Challenge the Bill"},"content":{"rendered":"

Your mother has lived in the Dordogne for fifteen years. After a fall and a hospital stay, the doctors say she can no longer live alone, and the local care home (\u00e9tablissement d’h\u00e9bergement pour personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es d\u00e9pendantes<\/em>, universally shortened to EHPAD) offers a room at more than 2,000 euros a month. You live in Kent, your sister lives in Lyon, and within weeks two letters arrive: the home sends its draft residence contract (contrat de s\u00e9jour<\/em>) with a bill, and the d\u00e9partement<\/em> (the county-level authority that funds social care in France) asks about your incomes. Who pays what, in which order, and what can you challenge? This guide sets out the French rules as they apply to a British family after Brexit: the three-part EHPAD tariff, the allocation personnalis\u00e9e d’autonomie<\/em> (the personal independence allowance, known as APA), the children’s maintenance duty (obligation alimentaire<\/em>), and the ways to contest a bill, a refusal or a recovery claim. Every decisive rule below is quoted from the statute or decision that states it.<\/p>\n

I. How much does a French care home cost and who pays first?<\/h2>\n

A. What the monthly EHPAD bill is made of: accommodation, dependency and care<\/h3>\n

A French care home does not charge a single all-inclusive price. Its budget is split by statute into three sections, and each section has a different payer. Understanding this split is the first step, because most disputes come from confusing the three. The care section is financed by a lump sum that takes account of the average dependency level of the residents: the Code states that establishments are financed by “Un forfait global relatif aux soins prenant en compte notamment le niveau de d\u00e9pendance moyen et les besoins en soins requis des r\u00e9sidents<\/em>“, and that “Le montant du forfait global de soins est arr\u00eat\u00e9 annuellement par le directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l’agence r\u00e9gionale de sant\u00e9<\/em>” (article L. 314-2 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>). In practice this means nursing care is paid through the health insurance system and never appears on the resident’s invoice as such. What the resident \u2014 or the family \u2014 pays is principally the accommodation tariff (tarif h\u00e9bergement<\/em>) plus a share of the dependency tariff (tarif d\u00e9pendance<\/em>), the share depending on the resident’s assessed level of dependency and income.<\/p>\n

No one may be admitted without a written contract. The statute provides that these establishments “ne peuvent h\u00e9berger une personne \u00e2g\u00e9e sans qu’au pr\u00e9alable un contrat \u00e9crit ait \u00e9t\u00e9 pass\u00e9 avec cette personne ou son repr\u00e9sentant l\u00e9gal<\/em>” (article L. 342-1 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>). A welcome booklet (livret d’accueil<\/em>) with the residents’ charter of rights and the house rules must be handed over, and “Un contrat de s\u00e9jour est conclu ou un document individuel de prise en charge est \u00e9labor\u00e9 avec la participation de la personne accueillie<\/em>” (article L. 311-4 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>). For a British family this is the moment to slow down: the contract fixes the daily rate, the billing terms, the deposit or guarantee (cautionnement<\/em>) the home may ask a child to sign, and the notice conditions for leaving. Once signed, the price is not frozen, but later increases are capped: “Le prix du socle de prestations et les prix des autres prestations d’h\u00e9bergement sont librement fix\u00e9s lors de la signature du contrat. Ils varient ensuite, dans des conditions fix\u00e9es par d\u00e9cret, dans la limite d’un pourcentage fix\u00e9 au 1er janvier de chaque ann\u00e9e par arr\u00eat\u00e9 des ministres charg\u00e9s des personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et de l’\u00e9conomie<\/em>” (article L. 342-3 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>). Any increase above that ceiling can be refused, and any clause charging separately for a service that belongs to the basic bundle is deemed unwritten.<\/p>\n

The courts apply the signed contract strictly against the family when no fault of the home is shown. In a judgment of 5 June 2025 (n\u00b0 23\/04877), the Amiens Court of Appeal dealt with a resident admitted to a private EHPAD in northern France: “Un contrat de s\u00e9jour a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9gularis\u00e9 le 18 novembre 2020 pour l’accueil de M. [P] [K].<\/em>” The daily rate was “Le prix de la journ\u00e9e \u00e9tait fix\u00e9 \u00e0 la somme de 80,23 euros toutes taxes comprises.<\/em>“, with a guarantee signed the same day by the son (CA Amiens, 1st civil chamber, 5 June 2025, n\u00b0 23\/04877<\/a>). The family had alerted the home to applications for residential social assistance (aide sociale \u00e0 l’h\u00e9bergement<\/em>, ASH), APA and housing benefit only after signing, the home later terminated the contract, and the family’s claim against the home failed: “apr\u00e8s avoir consid\u00e9r\u00e9 qu’aucune faute imputable \u00e0 la SARL LA Valouise n’\u00e9tait caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e, il a rejet\u00e9 les demandes form\u00e9es par M.et Mme [K]<\/em>.” The lesson for British relatives is practical and harsh: sign nothing before the aid applications are filed, never treat a guarantee as a formality, and keep written proof of every step, because mediation \u2014 which the home accepted in that case \u2014 may lead nowhere and the contract will be enforced as written.<\/p>\n

B. Can a British resident get the APA allowance: age, dependency level and settled residence<\/h3>\n

The APA is the main public help that reduces the dependency part of the bill, whether the parent stays at home or enters a care home. The statute opens it widely: “Toute personne \u00e2g\u00e9e r\u00e9sidant en France qui se trouve dans l’incapacit\u00e9 d’assumer les cons\u00e9quences du manque ou de la perte d’autonomie li\u00e9s \u00e0 son \u00e9tat physique ou mental a droit \u00e0 une allocation personnalis\u00e9e d’autonomie permettant une prise en charge adapt\u00e9e \u00e0 ses besoins<\/em>” (article L. 232-1 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>). It is granted on request, within tariffs set by regulation, to “toute personne attestant d’une r\u00e9sidence stable et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re et remplissant les conditions d’\u00e2ge et de perte d’autonomie, \u00e9valu\u00e9e \u00e0 l’aide d’une grille nationale, \u00e9galement d\u00e9finies par voie r\u00e9glementaire<\/em>“, and it has “le caract\u00e8re d’une prestation en nature<\/em>” (article L. 232-2 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>).<\/p>\n

In practice the official guidance (service-public.fr, APA page<\/a>) sets four cumulative conditions: be at least 60 years old, be assessed in dependency groups GIR 1 to 4 on the national grid (GIR 1 being the most dependent, GIR 4 the least within the eligible range), reside in France on a stable and regular basis, and \u2014 for foreign nationals \u2014 hold a carte de r\u00e9sident<\/em> or a titre de s\u00e9jour<\/em>. For a British parent this is where Brexit matters administratively: the file must show lawful residence, in practice the Withdrawal Agreement residence card together with proof of settled living in France such as tax notices, utility bills and health cover. A British passport alone does not prove regularity, and a parent shuttling between Kent and the Dordogne without a French home base risks failing the stability test. Prepare the residence evidence with the same care as the medical evidence.<\/p>\n

The amount is not automatic: a medico-social team draws up a personal help plan (plan d’aide<\/em>), and the applicant has ten days to accept it or request changes before the d\u00e9partement<\/em> notifies its decision (service-public.fr, APA page<\/a>). In a care home the APA covers part of the dependency tariff according to the resident’s GIR and income, with the lowest incomes paying only the GIR 5\u20136 base and higher incomes contributing a sliding share. <\/p>\n

Two practical traps deserve emphasis. First, hospital stays suspend the home-care APA: if the parent is hospitalised for more than thirty days, suspension starts on the thirty-first day, but the suspension itself can be contested, first through the friendly appeal and then before the courts (service-public.fr, APA page<\/a>). Families moving a parent between hospital, home and care home should therefore track admission and discharge dates and keep every notification, since each decision carries its own two-month prior-appeal deadline counted from notification (service-public.fr, APA page<\/a>). Second, the APA cannot simply be combined with every other benefit: it cannot be cumulated with certain disability allowances, though a person receiving the complementary benefit for recourse to a third party may still file an APA application in order to choose the better of the two (service-public.fr, APA page<\/a>). Before accepting any plan, ask the medico-social team in writing which benefits were excluded and why.<\/p>\n

If the APA is refused, reduced, suspended \u2014 for example from the 31st day of a hospital stay \u2014 or withdrawn, the decision must be challenged first through a compulsory prior administrative appeal (recours administratif pr\u00e9alable obligatoire<\/em>) before the departments services, within two months of notification of the contested decision (service-public.fr, APA page<\/a>). Miss that two-month window and the later court action is inadmissible, so diary the notification date the day the letter arrives. Readers dealing with a parent who has lost mental capacity should also read our guide on protection measures, English lasting powers of attorney and the French mandat de protection future<\/em><\/a>, because an incapacitated applicant needs a properly empowered representative to file and defend the APA claim.<\/p>\n

II. Can the care home or the d\u00e9partement make the children pay?<\/h2>\n

A. The children’s maintenance duty towards a parent in need: needs measured against means<\/h3>\n

When the parent’s pensions, savings and APA leave a shortfall on the EHPAD bill, French law turns to the children. The Civil Code states the principle in one sentence: “Les enfants doivent des aliments \u00e0 leurs p\u00e8re et m\u00e8re ou autres ascendants qui sont dans le besoin<\/em>” (article 205 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Aliments<\/em> here means maintenance in the broad sense \u2014 money for accommodation, food and care \u2014 and it binds sons and daughters alike, including British children of a British parent living in France, once the French court has jurisdiction. The duty is reciprocal between generations, but it is strictly proportionate: “Les aliments ne sont accord\u00e9s que dans la proportion du besoin de celui qui les r\u00e9clame, et de la fortune de celui qui les doit<\/em>” (article 208 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Need on one side, means on the other: a comfortably-off child of a destitute parent pays more than a struggling child of a parent who still owns a house.<\/p>\n

Two points decided by the Court of Cassation matter enormously in EHPAD cases. First, when the d\u00e9partement<\/em> has advanced residential social assistance and then sues the children to recover the family share, the case is judged under family maintenance law, not under social assistance rules. The Court held, in a case about a father accommodated in an EHPAD since 2007 with the county council claiming a monthly contribution from the son, that “quelles qu’en soient les modalit\u00e9s, et alors m\u00eame qu’il s’agirait du recours pr\u00e9vu par l’article L. 132-7 du code de l’action sociale et des familles, l’action exerc\u00e9e contre un d\u00e9biteur d’aliments a toujours pour fondement les dispositions du code civil r\u00e9gissant la dette d’aliments, et notamment l’article 208 du code civil selon lequel les aliments ne sont accord\u00e9s que dans la proportion du besoin de celui qui les r\u00e9clame et de la fortune de celui qui les doit<\/em>“, adding that “cette appr\u00e9ciation n’est pas soumise aux r\u00e8gles d’attribution de l’aide sociale<\/em>” (Cass., 1st civil chamber, 4 November 2015, n\u00b0 14-25.377, published in the Bulletin<\/a>). So the d\u00e9partement<\/em> cannot simply pass on its bill: it must prove the parent’s state of need before the family judge (juge aux affaires familiales<\/em>), measured under article 208.<\/p>\n

Second, in that same decision the Court approved judges who look at the parent’s real resources, including capital that could produce income: it upheld an appeal court which had taken into account “les revenus que pourrait lui procurer une gestion utile de son patrimoine<\/em>” after finding that the resident owned property, and concluded that his state of need was not demonstrated. (Cass., 1st civil chamber, 4 November 2015, n\u00b0 14-25.377<\/a>) For British families this cuts both ways. A parent who owns a Dordogne house but claims to be unable to contribute may be told to sell or rent it before the children are pursued. Conversely, children who are asked to pay should demand a full accounting of the parent’s side \u2014 pensions received in France and in the United Kingdom, rental income, savings, property \u2014 because need must be proved, not assumed. The competent court for fixing the contribution is the family judge of the parent’s place of residence, and the judge may attach an indexation clause to the maintenance pension of his own motion under article 208.<\/p>\n

B. Refusing to pay, discharge for grave failure, and recovery from the estate<\/h3>\n

The duty is not absolute. The statute allows the judge to release a child from all or part of the debt: “quand le cr\u00e9ancier aura lui-m\u00eame manqu\u00e9 gravement \u00e0 ses obligations envers le d\u00e9biteur, le juge pourra d\u00e9charger celui-ci de tout ou partie de la dette alimentaire<\/em>” (article 207 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Note the asymmetry the courts enforce: in a 1995 decision the Court of Cassation recalled that “lorsque le cr\u00e9ancier a lui-m\u00eame manqu\u00e9 gravement \u00e0 ses obligations envers le d\u00e9biteur, le juge peut d\u00e9charger celui-ci de tout ou partie de la dette alimentaire<\/em>” but that “cette facult\u00e9 ne s’\u00e9tend pas, sauf l’exception pr\u00e9vue par l’article 303, alin\u00e9a 2, du Code civil, au devoir de secours entre \u00e9poux<\/em>” (Cass., 1st civil chamber, 17 January 1995, n\u00b0 92-21.599, published in the Bulletin<\/a>). In plain terms, an abused child may be discharged, while a spouse remains bound by the duty of support \u2014 so a surviving British husband or wife in the EHPAD cannot use the same defence against the home as the children can.<\/p>\n

A recent Lyon decision shows how the discharge works for EHPAD fees. On 30 June 2026 the Lyon Court of Appeal discharged a daughter from any maintenance duty towards her father for his care home costs, holding that “la qualification de manquement grave au sens de l’article 207, alin\u00e9a 2, du code civil peut \u00eatre retenue sur la base d’attestations concordantes, sans qu’il soit n\u00e9cessaire d’exiger une preuve documentaire de chaque fait all\u00e9gu\u00e9<\/em>“, and it accordingly “D\u00e9charge Mme [U] \u00e9pouse [O] de toute obligation alimentaire \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de M. [U] au titre de la prise en charge de ses frais d’h\u00e9bergement au sein de l’EHPAD [Etablissement 1]<\/em>” (CA Lyon, social chamber D, 30 June 2026, n\u00b0 25\/04180<\/a>). The court relied on consistent witness statements describing physical violence, economic exploitation, unworthy living conditions in childhood and a total abandonment of the relationship for over forty years. The practical message is that estrangement alone is not enough \u2014 there must be grave, provable failures \u2014 but that credible witness evidence can suffice without a medical or documentary record for every fact. A British child who broke contact decades ago for good reasons should gather statements early, from relatives, neighbours or family friends on both sides of the Channel, before the d\u00e9partement<\/em> issues its claim.<\/p>\n

Finally, what the family does not pay during the parent’s lifetime may be recovered from the estate. The statute provides that recovery actions are brought, depending on the benefit, by the State or the d\u00e9partement<\/em>: “Des recours sont exerc\u00e9s, selon le cas, par l’Etat ou le d\u00e9partement : 1\u00b0 Contre le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire revenu \u00e0 meilleure fortune ou contre la succession du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire ; 2\u00b0 Contre le donataire, lorsque la donation est intervenue post\u00e9rieurement \u00e0 la demande d’aide sociale ou dans les dix ans qui ont pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 cette demande ; 3\u00b0 Contre le l\u00e9gataire ; 4\u00b0 A titre subsidiaire, contre le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d’un contrat d’assurance-vie souscrit par le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire de l’aide sociale, \u00e0 concurrence de la fraction des primes vers\u00e9es apr\u00e8s l’\u00e2ge de soixante-dix ans<\/em>” (article L. 132-8 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>). For home social assistance and the daily hospital charge, recovery against the estate applies only above a net-asset threshold set by regulation. Three consequences follow for British heirs. First, gifts made within ten years before the assistance application can be clawed back from the donee, which puts many well-meant transfers of the French house to the children at risk \u2014 on gifts and the forced share, see our guide to gifting a French house to the children<\/a>. Second, life assurance (assurance-vie<\/em>) funded after seventy is reachable in the alternative, a point developed in our guide to assurance-vie after seventy<\/a>. Third, residential assistance (aide sociale \u00e0 l’h\u00e9bergement<\/em>) for the EHPAD stay is recoverable and requires the resident’s consent where possible: “Toute personne \u00e2g\u00e9e qui ne peut \u00eatre utilement aid\u00e9e \u00e0 domicile peut \u00eatre accueillie, si elle y consent<\/em>” in a public or fund-authorised private establishment (article L. 231-4 of the Code de l’action sociale et des familles<\/a>). Each recovery decision can itself be challenged before the courts, and the ten-year gift window, the regulatory threshold and the exact classification of the benefit paid must be checked line by line before paying anything the d\u00e9partement<\/em> claims.<\/p>\n

For a family spread across two countries, evidence is the quiet decisive factor. Assemble a single file, in French or with certified translations, containing the parent’s Withdrawal Agreement card, recent French tax assessments, proof of address and health cover, pension statements from both countries, the residence contract and every letter from the d\u00e9partement<\/em> with its envelope showing the date of receipt. Ask the care home for an itemised invoice separating accommodation from dependency, and ask the medico-social team for the written GIR assessment. None of these papers wins a case by itself, but the Cassation and Lyon decisions above show that judges decide on demonstrated need, demonstrated means and demonstrated facts \u2014 and a cross-Channel family that produces its file promptly is far harder to overcharge than one that answers months later.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

A British parent’s entry into a French care home sets off a strict payment order: the health system funds nursing care, the APA reduces the dependency share for residents over sixty in GIR 1 to 4 with stable and regular residence, the resident’s own income and capital come next, and only a proven shortfall may be charged to the children in proportion to their means. The d\u00e9partement<\/em> that assists must prove need under the Civil Code rather than impose its own accounting, children facing historic abuse can seek total discharge on consistent witness evidence, and aid accepted today can be recovered tomorrow from the succession, from recent donees or from late-funded life policies. File the APA and assistance applications before signing the residence contract, refuse any price rise above the annual ministerial ceiling, calendar the two-month prior appeal against every refusal, and demand a full statement of the parent’s resources before accepting any family contribution. Taken in that order, each payer pays only what the law truly assigns to them.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A British parent entering a French care home faces a three-part bill, APA help under residence conditions, and possible claims against the children. 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