{"id":2132849,"date":"2026-09-27T17:58:48","date_gmt":"2026-09-27T15:58:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/09\/27\/foreign-company-france-sell-shares-approval-price-tax-abroad\/"},"modified":"2026-09-27T17:58:48","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T15:58:48","slug":"foreign-company-france-sell-shares-approval-price-tax-abroad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/09\/27\/foreign-company-france-sell-shares-approval-price-tax-abroad\/","title":{"rendered":"You Live Abroad and Want to Sell Your Shares in Your French Company: Approval, Price, Registration and Tax Without Flying to Paris"},"content":{"rendered":"

You own shares in a French company, you live in London, New York, Dubai or Singapore, and you want out: a buyer is ready, or your co-founder offers to buy you out, or you simply want to sell back to the company and cut every link with France. The price is agreed over email, everyone seems willing, and the temptation is to sign a one-page share transfer, collect the money and move on. In France that shortcut fails. Selling shares in a French SARL (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e, the limited-liability company) or SAS (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e, the flexible joint-stock company) is a three-lock mechanism: the other shareholders or the company may hold a veto called agr\u00e9ment<\/em> (prior approval), the price must survive the expert-valuation rules where the parties disagree, and the transfer only becomes enforceable against third parties after written form, notification and publication on the RCS (registre du commerce et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, the commercial register kept by the greffe<\/em>, the registry office of the commercial court). Miss one lock and the buyer pays for shares he does not legally own, while you remain the shareholder of record, still exposed to calls for funds, tax notices and the social-security bills that follow French shareholders.<\/p>\n

The encouraging part is that none of these locks requires you to board a plane to Paris. Notifications can be sent by a representative, the approval request runs through the guichet unique<\/em> (the single online window for business formalities operated by the INPI, the national industrial-property institute) where publication is needed, signatures can be given under a written power of attorney, and the registration duty can be paid online to the DGFIP (direction g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des finances publiques<\/em>, the tax administration). What cannot be delegated is the legal analysis before you sign: reading the statuts<\/em> (articles of association) and the shareholders’ agreement to find every approval, pre-emption and drag-along clause, checking the buyer, and fixing a price method that resists challenge. This guide follows the only safe order for a seller living abroad: first, get past the approval lock without being blocked; second, lock the price so it cannot be reopened; third, make the sale enforceable, registered and taxed. Our hub guide on setting up a company in France as a foreign founder<\/a> explains how the company was born; our guide on taking your profits home from abroad<\/a> covers the dividend alternative, which you should compare with a sale before choosing.<\/p>\n

I. Can you sell your French shares from abroad without the other shareholders blocking you?<\/h2>\n

French company law protects the existing shareholders against unwanted newcomers. Before negotiating the price in detail, identify which approval regime governs your shares, because the SARL and the SAS work in opposite ways: in a SARL the approval lock is written in the statute and applies by default, while in a SAS it exists only where the statuts<\/em> created it, but then it bites harder, with nullity as the penalty. Everything in this first part can be handled by correspondence, provided the notifications run on time and in the right form.<\/p>\n

A. Get past the approval clause: SARL consent and SAS agreement from abroad<\/h3>\n

In a SARL, selling to an outsider requires the consent of the existing shareholders. The Commercial Code states: “Les parts sociales ne peuvent \u00eatre c\u00e9d\u00e9es \u00e0 des tiers \u00e9trangers \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qu’avec le consentement de la majorit\u00e9 des associ\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentant au moins la moiti\u00e9 des parts sociales, \u00e0 moins que les statuts pr\u00e9voient une majorit\u00e9 plus forte.”<\/a> (Article L. 223-14 of the Commercial Code). The procedure is formal: where the company has more than one shareholder, the planned sale must be notified to the company and to each shareholder, and silence works in your favour: “Si la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n’a pas fait conna\u00eetre sa d\u00e9cision dans le d\u00e9lai de trois mois \u00e0 compter de la derni\u00e8re des notifications pr\u00e9vues au pr\u00e9sent alin\u00e9a, le consentement \u00e0 la cession est r\u00e9put\u00e9 acquis.”<\/a> Three months without an answer means yes. If the company refuses, it cannot simply keep you prisoner: the shareholders must, within three months of the refusal, buy or arrange the buyout of your shares at a price fixed under the expert-valuation article of the Civil Code, unless you withdraw from the sale, and the company may instead reduce its capital and buy back your shares with your consent. If none of those exits happens in time, the statute hands you the key: “Si, \u00e0 l’expiration du d\u00e9lai imparti, aucune des solutions pr\u00e9vues aux troisi\u00e8me et quatri\u00e8me alin\u00e9as ci-dessus n’est intervenue, l’associ\u00e9 peut r\u00e9aliser la cession initialement pr\u00e9vue.”<\/a> Note the seniority trap at the end of the same article: except for family transfers, a shareholder who has held the shares for less than two years cannot force these buyout solutions. A foreign founder who received shares eighteen months ago and wants to exit over a refusal must therefore negotiate rather than invoke the statute.<\/p>\n

In a SAS, the logic is reversed and entirely contractual. The statute only offers a tool: “Les statuts peuvent soumettre toute cession d’actions \u00e0 l’agr\u00e9ment pr\u00e9alable de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.”<\/a> (Article L. 227-14 of the Commercial Code). If your statuts<\/em> contain no approval clause, no pre-emption clause and no inalienability clause, your shares are freely transferable and nobody can block the buyer. But where such a clause exists, violating it destroys the sale: “Toute cession effectu\u00e9e en violation des clauses statutaires est nulle.”<\/a> (Article L. 227-15 of the Commercial Code). The Cour de cassation reads this penalty strictly. On 21 June 2023 (pourvoi no. 21-25.952), the commercial chamber recalled: “Aux termes de ce texte, toute cession effectu\u00e9e en violation des clauses statutaires est nulle.”<\/a>, then narrowed its scope: “la nullit\u00e9 qu’il pr\u00e9voit vise uniquement \u00e0 sanctionner la violation de toute clause statutaire ayant pour objet la cession d’actions librement consentie par leur titulaire.”<\/a> In plain terms, the nullity punishes a shareholder who sells freely while ignoring a transfer restriction, but it does not govern a forced sale such as an exclusion imposed by the company. For a seller abroad, the lesson is practical: read the exact wording of the clause before signing anything, because a promise to sell, a pre-emption right or an approval process described in the statuts<\/em> or in the shareholders’ agreement decides whether your signature transfers anything at all. The statuts<\/em> may also force an exit: “Dans les conditions qu’ils d\u00e9terminent, les statuts peuvent pr\u00e9voir qu’un associ\u00e9 peut \u00eatre tenu de c\u00e9der ses actions.”<\/a> (Article L. 227-16 of the Commercial Code), the exclusion clause that compels a shareholder to sell, with suspension of non-pecuniary rights until he does.<\/p>\n

From abroad, run the approval step as a paper campaign with dates you can prove. Send the notification of the planned sale to the company and to each shareholder by a traceable channel, in French, identifying the buyer, the number of shares, the price or price method, and the payment terms. Calendar the three-month SARL deadline from the last notification, and the contractual deadline in a SAS, which the statuts<\/em> fix freely and which is often shorter. Mandate in writing a person in France, typically your lawyer or accountant, to attend the meeting that votes on the approval, to collect the written decision, and to file it. Where the statuts<\/em> allow written consultation or video meeting, vote remotely and keep the signed minutes. Never let the buyer pay the full price before the approval is granted or deemed acquired: if the approval is refused, the money must be returned and the buyout procedure starts, and a buyer who has already paid in full becomes an hostile creditor instead of a partner.<\/p>\n

B. Fix the price so the buyer, the company or the tax office cannot reopen it<\/h3>\n

The price of private-company shares is whatever informed parties agree, but three mechanisms can reopen it: the buyout procedure after a refusal, where the statute sends the parties to an expert; the tax administration, which may reassess a price it considers understated for registration purposes; and a dispute between seller and buyer after hidden liabilities surface. A seller living abroad should therefore build the price as a documented figure, not a handshake number: recent accounts, a valuation letter from the accountant, the method (multiple of EBITDA, net asset value, discounted cash flow), and the adjustments between signing and closing (cash, debt, working capital). Attach that file to the sale agreement. Where the shares change hands between family members, the same discipline applies, because the same reassessment risk follows donations and family sales.<\/p>\n

Where the parties cannot agree on the price, French law appoints a referee. The Civil Code provides: “la valeur de ces droits est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e, en cas de contestation, par un expert d\u00e9sign\u00e9, soit par les parties, soit \u00e0 d\u00e9faut d’accord entre elles, par jugement du pr\u00e9sident du tribunal judiciaire ou du tribunal de commerce comp\u00e9tent, statuant selon la proc\u00e9dure acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e au fond et sans recours possible.”<\/a> (Article 1843-4 of the Civil Code). The expert cannot invent a method of his own: “L’expert ainsi d\u00e9sign\u00e9 est tenu d’appliquer, lorsqu’elles existent, les r\u00e8gles et modalit\u00e9s de d\u00e9termination de la valeur pr\u00e9vues par les statuts de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou par toute convention liant les parties.”<\/a> So a price formula written in the shareholders’ agreement binds the expert, and a seller who signed a formula years ago lives with it. In a SAS, the Commercial Code confirms the fallback: “Si les statuts ne pr\u00e9cisent pas les modalit\u00e9s du prix de cession des actions lorsque la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 met en oeuvre une clause introduite en application des articles L. 227-14 , L. 227-16 et L. 227-17 , ce prix est fix\u00e9 par accord entre les parties ou, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, d\u00e9termin\u00e9 dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues \u00e0 l’article 1843-4 du code civil.”<\/a> (Article L. 227-18 of the Commercial Code). The Cour de cassation restated the rule on 16 September 2026 (pourvoi no. 24-22.763): “ce prix est fix\u00e9 par accord entre les parties ou, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, d\u00e9termin\u00e9 dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues \u00e0 l’article 1843-4 du code civil”<\/a> The same decision settles two points sellers often get wrong. First, contesting the expert’s value does not force you to sue for annulment of the company decision that set it: “L’action en paiement de la valeur de remboursement des droits sociaux fix\u00e9e par un expert d\u00e9sign\u00e9 en application de l’article 1843-4 du code civil \u00e0 la suite du refus par un h\u00e9ritier non agr\u00e9\u00e9 de la valeur propos\u00e9e par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, qui n’est que la cons\u00e9quence d’un d\u00e9saccord entre les parties sur cette valeur, n’implique pas de poursuivre l’annulation de la d\u00e9cision sociale ayant arr\u00eat\u00e9 cette valeur, et n’est, par suite, pas soumise \u00e0 la prescription abr\u00e9g\u00e9e de l’article 1844-14 du code civil, mais \u00e0 la prescription quinquennale de droit commun.”<\/a> You have five years, not the short company-law limitation. Second, for an heir who never became a shareholder, the value is frozen early: “l’h\u00e9ritier d’un associ\u00e9 d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9, qui n’a pas lui-m\u00eame la qualit\u00e9 d’associ\u00e9, est seulement cr\u00e9ancier de la valeur des droits sociaux de son auteur, laquelle, dans le silence des statuts, est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e au jour du d\u00e9c\u00e8s”<\/a>. A foreign heir who inherits French shares but is refused approval should therefore act on the death-date value and not wait for a better balance sheet.<\/p>\n

Against later surprises, the sale agreement should carry the standard protections: a garantie d’actif et de passif<\/em> (asset-and-liability warranty, the French equivalent of a tax and liability indemnity) under which the seller compensates the buyer for liabilities rooted before the sale but revealed after, capped in amount and time; a locked-box or completion-accounts clause fixing how profit between signing and closing belongs to the buyer; a non-competition undertaking where the seller stays in the same business; and a clause allocating the registration duty and the dispute forum. From abroad, negotiate these points before the approval request, because once the approval is granted the seller loses leverage and the buyer dictates the warranty terms.<\/p>\n

II. How do you make the sale enforceable, registered and taxed without returning to France?<\/h2>\n

A signed agreement between seller and buyer binds those two parties, and nobody else, until the transfer formalities are done. Against the company, against creditors and against the tax office, the buyer becomes the shareholder only through writing, notification, publication and registration. Each of these steps accepts a representative and electronic filing, so a seller on another continent can complete the exit without travelling, as long as the documents carry original signatures where the greffe<\/em> still requires them and the deadlines are met.<\/p>\n

A. Sign, notify and publish the transfer through the single window<\/h3>\n

For SARL shares, the statute demands writing and organised opposability. The Commercial Code states: “La cession des parts sociales doit \u00eatre constat\u00e9e par \u00e9crit.”<\/a> (Article L. 221-14 of the Commercial Code). The same article explains how the buyer becomes the shareholder in the eyes of the company: the transfer is made enforceable against the company in the forms of Article 1690 of the Civil Code, but the formal service by a bailiff may be replaced by filing an original of the transfer deed at the registered office against a receipt signed by the manager. The old Civil Code rule behind this is short: “Le cessionnaire n’est saisi \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des tiers que par la signification du transport faite au d\u00e9biteur.”<\/a> (Article 1690 of the Civil Code). Against the wider world, one more step is needed: “Elle n’est opposable aux tiers qu’apr\u00e8s accomplissement de ces formalit\u00e9s et, en outre, apr\u00e8s publication des statuts modifi\u00e9s au registre du commerce et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ; ce d\u00e9p\u00f4t peut \u00eatre effectu\u00e9 par voie \u00e9lectronique.”<\/a> In practice the representative deposits the original deed at the registered office, collects the manager’s receipt (attestation de d\u00e9p\u00f4t<\/em>), updates the shareholder register and the statuts<\/em>, then files everything on the guichet unique<\/em>, which forwards the update to the greffe<\/em> for RCS entry and to the BODACC (bulletin officiel des annonces civiles et commerciales, the official bulletin of company notices) where publication is required. Until that RCS entry, a creditor of the seller can still seize the shares in the seller’s hands, and dividends voted meanwhile belong to the seller of record.<\/p>\n

For SAS shares, the transfer follows securities logic rather than the assignment-of-claims logic: the sale is recorded by a transfer order (ordre de mouvement<\/em>) and entry in the company’s share register and individual shareholder accounts, with the approval obtained beforehand where the statuts<\/em> require it. The nullity penalty recalled above means the order of operations matters absolutely: approval first, signature second, book entry third. A buyer who signs and pays before the approval, then records the movement in the register on his own authority, holds a void transfer and learns it when he tries to vote at the next meeting. From abroad, the seller signs the transfer order and the updated register pages, sends the originals by courier to the representative, and instructs in writing the company to record the movement only after the approval decision is attached. Keep a complete chain: signed agreement, approval decision or proof that the deadline expired without refusal, transfer order, updated register, RCS receipt, new Kbis<\/em> (the official company identity extract) if the transfer changes the directors, and the BODACC reference. That chain is what a bank, a future buyer or a court asks to see, sometimes years later.<\/p>\n

Three remote-execution details decide whether the file moves in weeks or months. First, powers of attorney: French registries accept mandates, but the signature on the transfer deed and on the single-window declarations must match the identity documents on file, so use the exact same spelling of names everywhere, including accents, and attach a valid passport copy of the seller. Second, the shareholder register (registre des mouvements de titres<\/em>) must be initialled and kept at the registered office; buyers increasingly refuse to pay the balance until they have seen a photograph or a certified copy of the page recording their entry. Third, where the sale changes control of the company, notify the bank, the insurer, the landlord and the accountant on the day of the closing, because direct debits, guarantees and the online banking access are tied to the former shareholder’s signature, and a silent change of control followed by a disputed payment creates exactly the kind of litigation that a seller abroad cannot manage cheaply. Our guide on forcing a corporate bank account open from abroad<\/a> shows how banks react to shareholder changes; warn yours before the transfer, not after.<\/p>\n

B. Pay the registration duty and settle the capital-gains position<\/h3>\n

Every sale of shares in a French company pays a registration duty (droit d’enregistrement<\/em>) to the French tax office, even where the deed is signed abroad. The Tax Code opens with the principle: “Les cessions de droits sociaux sont soumises \u00e0 un droit d’enregistrement dont le taux est fix\u00e9”<\/a> (Article 726, I of the General Tax Code, Code g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des imp\u00f4ts). The rates then split by company type: 0.1 percent for shares of joint-stock companies such as the SAS, 3 percent for SARL shares with a statutory allowance, and 5 percent for interests in real-estate-heavy entities. For SARL shares the statute details: “pour les cessions, autres que celles soumises au taux mentionn\u00e9 au 2\u00b0, de parts sociales dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s dont le capital n’est pas divis\u00e9 en actions”<\/a>, and: “il est appliqu\u00e9 sur la valeur de chaque part sociale un abattement \u00e9gal au rapport entre la somme de 23 000 \u20ac et le nombre total de parts sociales de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9”<\/a>. On a 100,000 euro sale of SARL shares where the company has 100 shares, the allowance is 230 euros per share, so the 3 percent applies to 77,000 euros. Sellers systematically undervalue this line: a 3 percent duty on SARL shares often exceeds the accountant’s fee for the whole file, and buyers routinely ask the seller to share it or to lower the price accordingly, so negotiate the duty allocation in the agreement rather than discovering it at registration.<\/p>\n

Signing abroad does not escape the French duty where the company sits in France. The same article provides: “Lorsque les cessions mentionn\u00e9es aux deuxi\u00e8me et troisi\u00e8me alin\u00e9as du pr\u00e9sent 1\u00b0 s’op\u00e8rent par acte pass\u00e9 \u00e0 l’\u00e9tranger et qu’elles portent sur des actions ou parts de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s ayant leur si\u00e8ge en France, ces cessions sont soumises au droit d’enregistrement dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues au pr\u00e9sent 1\u00b0”<\/a>, with a credit for registration duties actually paid abroad under a compulsory registration formality, capped at the French tax on each transfer. In practice the representative registers the deed with the French tax office (SIE, service des imp\u00f4ts des entreprises<\/em>) within the statutory month, pays by transfer, and keeps the stamped deed: no stamped deed, no proof of ownership against the tax office, and the greffe<\/em> may refuse the RCS update. The one-month registration deadline runs from the signature date, not from the approval date, so a seller who signs in August and files in October already owes late interest and penalties.<\/p>\n

Beyond the duty, the seller’s capital gain (sale price minus acquisition cost and expenses) is taxable, and the regime depends on who the seller is and where he lives. A French-resident individual seller falls under the investment-income regime, currently the 30 percent flat tax with an option for the progressive scale, plus the well-known 40 percent allowance mechanics on distributions that our companion guides detail; a seller who has left France must check the exit-tax and treaty position of his new home country before signing, because the treaty allocates the taxing right and may require a French withholding reclaimed at home. A corporate seller, typically a foreign holding company owning the French subsidiary, faces French corporate tax on the gain under the applicable treaty, subject to the participation-exemption discussion where the holding company has held at least 5 percent for two years, a point our guide on corporate tax from abroad<\/a> develops. In every case, keep the acquisition file with the sale file: subscription bulletin, bank transfer proving payment of the shares, past Kbis<\/em> extracts showing ownership, and the stamped registration of the purchase deed. Without that chain, the tax office treats the acquisition cost as zero and taxes the full price. Where the price includes an earn-out or a seller loan (cr\u00e9dit vendeur<\/em>), split the deed accordingly and calendar each instalment’s tax, because each payment can trigger its own filing.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

Selling your shares in a French company from abroad succeeds in the same order every time: read the statuts<\/em> and the shareholders’ agreement to find the approval lock, notify the planned sale with a provable date and let the deadline work for you, document the price so neither the other side nor the tax office can reopen it, sign in writing, record the movement, register the deed within the month, and update the RCS so the world knows you are gone. The seller who respects that order leaves France with money in the account, a stamped deed in the drawer and no residual liability; the seller who signs a private agreement, collects cash and skips the notifications stays the shareholder of record, answerable for the company’s debts, taxes and social charges until somebody regularises the file. Between those two outcomes the difference is a few weeks of paperwork and one careful reading of the approval clause. Notify properly, price defensively, register promptly: your exit will then survive the first audit, the first shareholder dispute and the first question from the bank.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A buyer is ready for your French SAS or SARL shares while you live abroad. 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