{"id":2130254,"date":"2026-09-25T04:59:28","date_gmt":"2026-09-25T02:59:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/09\/25\/foreign-company-france-change-director-remove-appoint-file-abroad\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T04:59:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T02:59:28","slug":"foreign-company-france-change-director-remove-appoint-file-abroad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/09\/25\/foreign-company-france-change-director-remove-appoint-file-abroad\/","title":{"rendered":"Your French Director Quit or Has to Go While You Live Abroad: Remove and Replace the President or Manager, File on the Guichet Unique and Make It Binding"},"content":{"rendered":"

You live in London, Dubai or New York and the email arrives on a Friday evening: your president in Paris resigns with one month of notice, or your local manager stops answering while the company bank account, the lease and a key customer contract all carry his signature. Many foreign founders discover at that moment that a French company cannot simply swap a name on its website. As long as the Kbis<\/em> \u2014 the official identity card of the company delivered by the greffe<\/em>, the clerk’s office of the commercial court \u2014 still names the departing director, banks freeze payments, the new director cannot prove his powers and the former director can still sign documents that bind the company. The way out depends entirely on your company form. In a SAS<\/em> (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e<\/em>, the flexible joint-stock company most foreign founders choose), your own articles of association decide how directors are removed and appointed, and a side promise that contradicts them is worthless. In a SARL<\/em> (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e<\/em>, the limited liability company with tightly framed rules), only the shareholders can remove the g\u00e9rant<\/em> (manager), and a removal without cause opens a claim for damages. This article gives you the complete procedure from abroad: Part I secures a removal-and-appointment decision that no court can undo, and Part II files it on the Guichet unique<\/em> (the single online company registry operated by the INPI<\/em>, the French intellectual property and companies office) and neutralises the dangerous transition weeks with the most recent case law of the Cour de cassation<\/em>, the French supreme court for civil and commercial matters.<\/p>\n

I. Make a Removal-and-Appointment Decision That No Court Can Undo<\/h2>\n

Everything starts with the internal decision: who has the power to remove the outgoing director and appoint the new one, by which majority and in which form. Get this step wrong and the change is challengeable for years, the new director acts without valid authority and the former director sues for damages. The rules differ fundamentally between the SAS and the SARL, so identify your form before you sign anything.<\/p>\n

A. In an SAS, your articles decide everything: president, general manager and tailor-made removal rules<\/h3>\n

The SAS is a contract-first company. The statute says only this: “Les statuts fixent les conditions dans lesquelles la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e.”<\/a> That short sentence in Article L227-5 of the Commercial Code<\/a> means your articles, not the statute, organise management: a president is compulsory, one or more directeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/em> (general managers) are optional, and the causes and procedure for removing each of them are whatever the articles provide. The law adds only the frame for collective decisions: Article L227-9 of the Commercial Code<\/a> leaves the articles to determine which decisions must be taken collectively by the shareholders and in which forms, with only a closed list of fundamental matters (capital changes, merger, dissolution and similar operations) reserved to collective decision by law. And where the company has a single shareholder, Article L227-1 of the Commercial Code<\/a> provides that the associ\u00e9 unique<\/em> (sole shareholder) exercises the powers assigned to collective decisions, which is the daily situation of many foreign-owned French subsidiaries: from abroad, the parent company signs a sole-shareholder decision removing the president and appointing his successor, and that document is the legal core of the whole operation.<\/p>\n

The practical consequence is that removal with or without cause is a drafting question. The Cour de cassation confirmed that “les conditions dans lesquelles les dirigeants d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e peuvent \u00eatre r\u00e9voqu\u00e9s de leurs fonctions sont, dans le silence de la loi, librement fix\u00e9es par les statuts, qu’il s’agisse des causes de la r\u00e9vocation ou de ses modalit\u00e9s”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 9 March 2022, No. 19-25.795). In that case the articles of the SAS Hubbard provided that managers other than the president were removable at any time, and the Court approved the finding that “c’est \u00e0 bon droit que l’arr\u00eat d\u00e9cide que la r\u00e9vocation de M. [N] en tant que directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Hubbard pouvait intervenir sans qu’il soit n\u00e9cessaire de justifier d’un juste motif.”<\/a> If your articles say the president or the general manager is removable ad nutum<\/em> \u2014 at any time, without cause \u2014 then no cause needs to be shown. If instead your articles require a serious ground (motif grave<\/em>) or a unanimous vote, those conditions bind you strictly, and a removal pronounced in breach of them exposes the company to damages and to a dispute about whether the new appointment is valid.<\/p>\n

The second lesson from recent case law is harsher: no side document can contradict the articles on removal. On 9 July 2025 the Commercial Chamber quashed an appeal ruling that had applied an annex to general-meeting minutes organising removal conditions different from the articles, holding that “Il r\u00e9sulte de ces textes que les statuts de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e fixent les conditions dans lesquelles celle-ci est dirig\u00e9e, notamment les modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9vocation de ses dirigeants. Si une d\u00e9cision des associ\u00e9s peut compl\u00e9ter les statuts sur ce point, elle ne peut y d\u00e9roger, quand bien m\u00eame aurait-elle \u00e9t\u00e9 prise \u00e0 l’unanimit\u00e9.”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 9 July 2025, No. 24-10.428, partial cassation without referral). A shareholders’ decision may complete silent articles, never contradict them, even unanimously. The same solution was applied to a pay-off promise: in a case where the articles excluded any indemnity on cessation of the general manager’s office while a side letter of the same day promised six months of fixed salary on revocation without cause, the Court ruled that “Il r\u00e9sulte de la combinaison des articles L. 227-1 et L. 227-5 du code de commerce que les statuts de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e fixent les conditions dans lesquelles la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e, notamment les modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9vocation de son directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Si les actes extra-statutaires peuvent compl\u00e9ter ces statuts, ils ne peuvent y d\u00e9roger.”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 12 October 2022, No. 21-15.382). For a foreign founder this is a triple warning: read the articles before promising the outgoing director any severance, never sign a removal side letter that grants what the articles refuse, and if the articles are badly drafted, amend the articles first by the majority they require, then remove.<\/p>\n

A third trap concerns time: a president appointed for a fixed term whose mandate is not expressly renewed is no longer the president at all. The Court held that “Lorsque le pr\u00e9sident d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e a \u00e9t\u00e9 nomm\u00e9 pour une dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e, la survenance du terme entra\u00eene, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut de renouvellement expr\u00e8s, la cessation de plein droit de ce mandat. Le pr\u00e9sident qui, malgr\u00e9 l’arriv\u00e9e du terme, continue de diriger la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne peut donc pas se pr\u00e9valoir d’une reconduction tacite de ses fonctions et devient alors un dirigeant de fait qui, \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, ne peut revendiquer les garanties dont b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie le seul dirigeant de droit.”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 17 March 2021, No. 19-14.525). A dirigeant de fait<\/em> is a person who manages without valid title: he can incur personal liability while losing the protections of a lawful office-holder, including any contractual severance attached to lawful office. Check the expiry date on the appointment decision today; if the term has already lapsed, do not let the person keep signing, and regularise by an express renewal or a fresh appointment before filing anything.<\/p>\n

Concretely, from abroad, your sequence in an SAS is: pull the current articles and the appointment decision of the outgoing director; identify who removes whom (sole shareholder, collective vote, and whether the president proposes or decides); verify the majority, notice and form the articles require for that decision, including whether videoconference or written consultation is allowed; then sign the removal-and-appointment decision, keep proof of the vote and its date, and move immediately to filing, because until publication the company remains exposed as Part II explains. Our companion guide on the social-security status and cost of a French director<\/a> helps you choose the profile of the successor once the procedure here is clear.<\/p>\n

B. In a SARL, the shareholders remove the manager, and a removal without cause has a price<\/h3>\n

The SARL leaves nothing to contract on this point. The statute provides that “Le g\u00e9rant peut \u00eatre r\u00e9voqu\u00e9 par d\u00e9cision des associ\u00e9s dans les conditions de l’article L. 223-29 , \u00e0 moins que les statuts pr\u00e9voient une majorit\u00e9 plus forte. Si la r\u00e9vocation est d\u00e9cid\u00e9e sans juste motif, elle peut donner lieu \u00e0 des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats.”<\/a> (Article L223-25 of the Commercial Code<\/a>). Three consequences follow. First, only the shareholders decide: neither the manager himself nor a co-manager nor the board can remove a g\u00e9rant<\/em>; a decision taken by the wrong organ is voidable. Second, the default majority is set by Article L223-29 of the Commercial Code<\/a>: “Dans les assembl\u00e9es ou lors des consultations \u00e9crites, les d\u00e9cisions sont adopt\u00e9es par un ou plusieurs associ\u00e9s repr\u00e9sentant plus de la moiti\u00e9 des parts sociales.”<\/a> The articles may require a higher majority but never a lower organ. Third, unlike an SAS with ad nutum<\/em> articles, a SARL removal without juste motif<\/em> (lawful cause such as misconduct, prolonged absence or loss of confidence documented in the minutes) gives the removed manager a damages claim, and any shareholder can also ask the court to remove the manager for legitimate cause, since the same Article L223-25 adds that the manager is removable by the courts for legitimate cause at the request of any shareholder.<\/p>\n

Shareholders living abroad often ask where the removal meeting must be held and whether they must travel. The answer is flexible but not lawless. The Cour de cassation held that “Dans le silence des statuts, le lieu de r\u00e9union des assembl\u00e9es g\u00e9n\u00e9rales d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e est fix\u00e9 par l’auteur de la convocation, cette d\u00e9cision ne pouvant \u00eatre remise en cause que si elle constitue un abus de droit.”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 31 March 2021, No. 19-12.057). In practice: check whether your articles allow written consultation or remote participation \u2014 most modern SARL articles do, and written consultation is ideal from abroad because each shareholder signs and returns the text; if the articles impose a physical meeting, the person convening it chooses a lawful place, sends proper notice with the agenda, and keeps proof of dispatch and receipt; never organise a surprise meeting whose place or timing is designed to exclude a shareholder, because abuse of the convening power reopens the whole removal to annulment.<\/p>\n

Handle the resignation case with the same discipline. A SARL manager resigns by notifying the shareholders, preferably by tracked letter or bailiff-equivalent service, and the shareholders must then appoint a successor without delay, because a company without a manager cannot act: no bank transfer, no valid signature on contracts, no filing. Between the resignation and the appointment, limit operations to conservatory acts, document who holds the keys, codes and chequebooks, and convene the appointment meeting immediately. If the outgoing manager refuses to cooperate or to return company property, the appointment decision and the filing described in Part II, served on him with a formal demand, are your enforcement tools.<\/p>\n

II. File Within One Month and Control the Dangerous Transition Period<\/h2>\n

A perfectly voted removal that is never published protects nobody: the new director cannot prove his authority to the bank, and the company cannot invoke the departure against third parties. French law makes publication, not the internal vote, the moment the change becomes enforceable against the outside world, and it gives you one month to file. The weeks between the decision and the updated Kbis are the period when companies lose money, so they must be managed as actively as the vote itself.<\/p>\n

A. The Guichet unique filing that unblocks your Kbis, your bank and your contracts<\/h3>\n

Every change of legal representative must be declared through the single online portal within one month. Article R123-66 of the Commercial Code<\/a> provides that “Toute personne morale immatricul\u00e9e demande, par l’interm\u00e9diaire de l’organisme unique mentionn\u00e9 \u00e0 l’article R. 123-1 , une inscription modificative dans le mois de tout fait ou acte rendant n\u00e9cessaire la rectification ou le compl\u00e9ment des \u00e9nonciations pr\u00e9vues aux articles R. 123-53 et suivants .”<\/a> The organisme unique<\/em> is the Guichet unique des formalit\u00e9s des entreprises<\/em>, operated by the INPI: one portal, one file, then dispatch to the greffe<\/em> of the competent commercial court and to the BODACC<\/em>, the Bulletin officiel des annonces civiles et commerciales<\/em>, the official bulletin in which company changes are published and searchable by any counterparty. Prepare the signed minutes of removal and appointment, the identity documents of the incoming director with a sworn translation if they are not in French, the updated list of representatives, and, where the change also amends the articles, the updated articles. File online, answer any rejection notice within days rather than weeks \u2014 a rejected file is not a filed file \u2014 and download the updated Kbis<\/em> as soon as it issues: that extract is what the bank, the landlord, the insurer and the main customers will ask for before recognising the new signature.<\/p>\n

Publication is not paperwork for its own sake; it reallocates risk. Article L210-9 of the Commercial Code<\/a> states that “Ni la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ni les tiers ne peuvent, pour se soustraire \u00e0 leurs engagements, se pr\u00e9valoir d’une irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 dans la nomination des personnes charg\u00e9es de g\u00e9rer, d’administrer ou de diriger la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, lorsque cette nomination a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement publi\u00e9e. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne peut se pr\u00e9valoir, \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des tiers, des nominations et cessations de fonction des personnes vis\u00e9es ci-dessus, tant qu’elles n’ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement publi\u00e9es.”<\/a> Read both sentences together: once the appointment is duly published, neither the company nor third parties can escape their commitments by invoking an irregularity in the appointment; but until publication, the company cannot invoke the appointment or the cessation against third parties at all. The Cour de cassation drew the protective consequence for counterparties in a case about a disputed appointment, recalling that “ni la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, ni les tiers, ne peuvent, pour se soustraire \u00e0 leurs engagements, se pr\u00e9valoir d’une irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 dans la nomination des g\u00e9rants ou dans la cessation de leur fonction, d\u00e8s lors que ces d\u00e9cisions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement publi\u00e9es.”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Third Civil Chamber, 26 October 2023, No. 21-17.937). File fast, file completely, and keep the filing receipts: they are the evidence that the publication condition was met.<\/p>\n

Two updates must travel with the filing. First, if the incoming director holds, directly or indirectly, more than 25% of the capital or voting rights, update the registre des b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires effectifs<\/em> (the ultimate beneficial owner register, known as UBO or RBE): an outdated beneficial-owner declaration triggers its own rejection and freezes later filings. Second, notify the bank the same day the updated Kbis issues and refresh the authorised signatories and online access rights; our guide on forcing a French company account open and operating it from abroad<\/a> explains which documents banks request and how to answer a refusal. For companies registered in Paris and across \u00cele-de-France, the competent registry is the greffe<\/em> of the Paris commercial court, now the Tribunal des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques de Paris: filings, rejections and corrections all pass through it, delays there directly determine when your new Kbis issues, and local counsel can physically follow up a stuck file. If your project starts earlier than the change, our hub on setting up a company in France as a foreign founder<\/a> maps the bank, Kbis, VAT and first-hire sequence the new director will inherit.<\/p>\n

B. Between the vote and the publication, one signature can still bind the company<\/h3>\n

The transition period has its own case law, and it consistently protects third parties in good faith rather than the company that was slow to publish. The sharpest illustration is apparent authority. The Commercial Chamber held that “le seul fait que la nomination et la cessation des fonctions de g\u00e9rant de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e soient soumises \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles de publicit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale ne suffit pas \u00e0 exclure qu’une telle soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse \u00eatre engag\u00e9e sur le fondement d’un mandat apparent.”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 9 March 2022, No. 19-25.704). A former manager who keeps the company email address, the letterhead and the customer relationship can still bind the company toward a counterparty whose belief in his powers was legitimate, because the circumstances entitled that counterparty not to verify. From the day of the vote, cut the appearances: revoke remote access and signature powers in writing, recover keys, cards, tokens and email accounts against a signed inventory, and write the same day to the bank, the landlord, the insurer and the top customers naming the outgoing director, dating his loss of powers and introducing the successor with the filed minutes attached.<\/p>\n

The mirror risk concerns the new director acting before publication. Under Article L210-9 as quoted above, the company cannot rely on an unpublished appointment against third parties, which means a counterparty can contest acts signed by a not-yet-published director while the company cannot force them through by invoking the internal vote alone. Sequence the signatures accordingly: let the outgoing director sign only strictly conservatory acts if he must sign at all, date every act, and have the new director sign operational commitments only once the filing is lodged, ideally once the updated Kbis is available. Where business cannot wait, add a belt to the braces: a countersignature or written ratification clause, and an express ratification by the company immediately after publication.<\/p>\n

Two final discipline rules close the period. First, never let an expired-mandate president keep managing on the assumption of tacit renewal: as the 17 March 2021 ruling quoted in Part I holds, he becomes a dirigeant de fait<\/em> who loses the guarantees of lawful office while exposing himself personally. Second, do not gamble on nullity technicalities to erase a defective vote. The Court recalled that “la nullit\u00e9 des actes ou d\u00e9lib\u00e9rations des organes d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 commerciale ne peut r\u00e9sulter que de la violation d’une disposition imp\u00e9rative du livre deuxi\u00e8me du code de commerce ou des lois qui r\u00e9gissent les contrats.”<\/a> (Court of Cassation, Commercial Chamber, 19 January 2022, Nos. 20-14.089 and 20-14.090, joined). A breach of a purely statutory formality annuls nothing \u2014 but the converse is equally true: a vote that violates a mandatory provision or the articles can be annulled at the request of any interested party, and the litigation will last longer than a fresh, clean vote would have taken. If the removal meeting was defective, reconvene and re-vote properly rather than filing a fragile file. And remember why counterparties insist on seeing the Kbis: in an SAS, “La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des tiers par un pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9sign\u00e9 dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues par les statuts. Le pr\u00e9sident est investi des pouvoirs les plus \u00e9tendus pour agir en toute circonstance au nom de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans la limite de l’objet social.”<\/a> and “Les dispositions statutaires limitant les pouvoirs du pr\u00e9sident sont inopposables aux tiers.”<\/a> (Article L227-6 of the Commercial Code<\/a>). Your internal limits on the president’s powers do not exist for third parties: only a published change of the person himself changes whom they must deal with.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

Replacing the head of a French company from abroad succeeds when the three clocks are respected in order. First, the statutory clock: in an SAS the articles dictate removal and appointment, and side letters cannot contradict them; in a SARL the shareholders decide by majority, a removal without cause funds a damages claim, and the meeting can be organised remotely as long as no shareholder is shut out. Second, the publication clock: file the change on the Guichet unique within one month, correct any rejection immediately, and circulate the updated Kbis to the bank and counterparties the day it issues, with the beneficial-owner register updated where needed. Third, the transition clock: withdraw the former director’s appearances the day of the vote, sequence signatures so the company is never bound by the wrong person, never tolerate management under an expired mandate, and re-vote cleanly rather than defending a fragile decision. Run these three clocks in this order and the departure of a director becomes an administrative fortnight instead of a year of litigation. For companies in Paris and \u00cele-de-France, add the local reflex: the Paris registry controls the pace of publication, so a file followed up locally issues faster than a file left unread in an online queue.<\/p>\n

Need a quick opinion on your case<\/h2>\n

Phone consultation within 48 hours with a lawyer of the firm: EUR 80 including VAT. Call +33 6 46 60 58 22<\/a> or write through our contact page<\/a> with your articles, the appointment decision and the resignation or removal draft. We assist companies registered in Paris and throughout \u00cele-de-France with removals, appointments and Guichet unique filings from abroad.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

SAS or SARL: remove and replace your French director from abroad with a valid vote, Guichet unique filing within one month, updated Kbis, and transition risks under recent case law.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031309,"featured_media":16396,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[80314,80313],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2130254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-decryptage","category-doing-business-in-france"],"yoast_head":"\nYour French Director Quit or Has to Go While You Live Abroad: Remove and Replace the President or Manager, File on the Guichet Unique and Make It Binding - 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