{"id":2129186,"date":"2026-09-23T23:54:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T21:54:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/09\/23\/foreign-company-france-change-director-resign-appoint-kbis-abroad\/"},"modified":"2026-09-23T23:54:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-23T21:54:20","slug":"foreign-company-france-change-director-resign-appoint-kbis-abroad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/09\/23\/foreign-company-france-change-director-resign-appoint-kbis-abroad\/","title":{"rendered":"Your French Company Must Change Its Director While You Live Abroad: Resign, Appoint, File and Fix the Kbis From Abroad"},"content":{"rendered":"

Your French company needs a new director and you live abroad. Perhaps the gérant<\/em> of your SARL has resigned by email and stopped answering. Perhaps the president of your SAS no longer has your confidence and you want to replace them before they sign another contract. Or perhaps you are the director yourself: you are leaving France, and you want your name off the Kbis<\/strong> — the official company identity extract issued by the greffe<\/em>, the registry office of the commercial court — quickly and cleanly. In each case the same anxious questions arise: who can decide, with which majority, with which papers, within which deadline, and what happens if the old name stays on the register?<\/p>\n

French law gives precise answers, and they differ sharply between the two vehicles foreign founders use most: the SARL (société à responsabilité limitée<\/em>, the limited liability company with parts sociales<\/em>, non-negotiable shares) and the SAS (société par actions simplifiée<\/em>, the simplified joint-stock company with actions<\/em>, shares). The SARL is governed by rigid statutory majorities. The SAS is governed first and foremost by its own statuts<\/em>, its articles of association — and the Cour de cassation, France’s supreme court for civil and commercial matters, enforces that contractual freedom strictly. Then, whatever the vehicle, the change must be filed online on the Guichet unique<\/strong>, the single online business formalities portal operated with the INPI (Institut national de la propriété industrielle<\/em>, the national institute that now runs the portal), within one month, with a publication in a legal notices journal and an updated Kbis. Until the new name is published at the Registre du commerce et des sociétés<\/em> (RCS, the trade and companies register), the company cannot rely on the change against third parties. This article walks you through both stages — deciding, then filing — entirely from abroad.<\/p>\n

I. How do you remove and replace the director of a French SARL or SAS while you live abroad?<\/h2>\n

A. In a SARL, how do you dismiss the gérant or record their resignation from abroad?<\/h3>\n

A SARL is managed by one or more natural persons. Article L. 223-18 of the Commercial Code<\/a> states: “La société à responsabilité limitée est gérée par une ou plusieurs personnes physiques.” The same article adds: “Ils sont nommés par les associés, dans les statuts ou par un acte postérieur, dans les conditions prévues à l’article L. 223-29.” In plain terms, the gérant<\/em> — the SARL’s manager and legal representative — is appointed by the associés<\/em>, the shareholders, either in the articles or by a later decision, and the same body that appoints can remove and replace. You do not need to travel to France to hold that decision: the Commercial Code allows written consultation of the shareholders and unanimous written acts where the articles so provide, and a foreign shareholder votes by correspondence or proxy like any other. What matters is the majority, the written record, and the notification.<\/p>\n

Removal — révocation<\/em> — of a SARL manager follows a statutory majority that the articles can only make stricter, never looser. Article L. 223-25 of the Commercial Code<\/a> provides: “Le gérant peut être révoqué par décision des associés dans les conditions de l’article L. 223-29, à moins que les statuts prévoient une majorité plus forte. Si la révocation est décidée sans juste motif, elle peut donner lieu à des dommages et intérêts. En outre, le gérant est révocable par les tribunaux pour cause légitime, à la demande de tout associé.” And Article L. 223-29<\/a> fixes the baseline: “Dans les assemblées ou lors des consultations écrites, les décisions sont adoptées par un ou plusieurs associés représentant plus de la moitié des parts sociales.” So a removal in a SARL requires shareholders holding more than half of the parts sociales<\/em>; if that majority is not reached on first vote, the shareholders are convened or consulted a second time and decide by a majority of the votes cast. The official service-public.fr guidance for changing a company director confirms this threshold for SARLs and adds a practical point many foreign owners miss: the outgoing manager who is also a shareholder may vote in the meeting deciding on their own removal.<\/p>\n

Three consequences follow for a founder living abroad. First, check your articles before convening anything: if they require a higher majority for removal, that higher threshold governs, and a removal voted with only just over half the shares can be annulled at the request of any interested party. Second, a removal without juste motif<\/em> — serious cause, such as misconduct, sustained inactivity, or loss of confidence documented in the minutes — exposes the company to a damages claim by the dismissed manager, even though the removal itself stands. If you are replacing a manager who also holds shares, put the business reasons in the minutes in neutral, dated, factual language: missed filings, unanswered formal notices, contracts signed beyond instructions. Third, any shareholder can alternatively petition the court to remove the manager for cause légitime<\/em>, legitimate cause — a useful route when the manager controls the convening process or refuses to call the meeting from inside France while you sit abroad.<\/p>\n

Resignation — démission<\/em> — is the mirror situation, and it traps many departing managers. A manager is a mandataire social<\/em>, a corporate agent, and agency law applies. Article 2007 of the Civil Code<\/a> provides: “Le mandataire peut renoncer au mandat, en notifiant au mandant sa renonciation.” It continues: “si cette renonciation préjudicie au mandant il devra en être indemnisé par le mandataire, à moins que celui-ci ne se trouve dans l’impossibilité de continuer le mandat sans en éprouver lui-même un préjudice considérable.” A resignation is therefore open to every manager in principle, but it must be an express unilateral act, notified to the company — a vague email saying “I am stepping back” or months of silence is not enough. The Grenoble Court of Appeal restated the rule in a 23 April 2026 decision on a co-manager dispute, recalling that “L’article 2007 du code civil dispose que le mandataire peut renoncer au mandant, en notifiant au mandant sa renonciation” and that the resignation of a manager must result from an express unilateral act (CA Grenoble, ch. commerciale, 23 avril 2026, n° 25\/00128<\/a>). Where the manager is named in the articles — a gérant statutaire<\/em> — the shareholders must then meet to record the resignation and delete the name from the articles, under the same majority rules.<\/p>\n

For the foreign owner, the resignation scenario creates a symmetrical duty: once the resignation is clearly notified, convene the shareholders promptly, record it in minutes, appoint the successor in the same act where possible, and file. A company that leaves a resigned manager on its Kbis for months keeps paying the price twice: the former manager can still bind the company vis-à-vis third parties in good faith, and banks, the URSSAF (the body collecting social security contributions) and the tax administration keep writing to the name on the register. Conversely, a manager who wants to leave should send a formal resignation letter — registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt or bailiff’s writ, plus email for speed — stating an effective date, convene or formally request convening of the shareholders, and keep proof of every step. Resignation takes effect between the parties upon notification; against third parties, only publication counts, as Part II explains.<\/p>\n

B. In a SAS, how do you remove and appoint the president from abroad?<\/h3>\n

The SAS runs on opposite logic: contractual freedom first, statute second. Article L. 227-5 of the Commercial Code<\/a> contains the whole philosophy in one sentence: “Les statuts fixent les conditions dans lesquelles la société est dirigée.” The articles decide who manages — a president alone, a president plus one or more directeurs généraux<\/em> (general managers) — who appoints them, who removes them, with which majority, for which reasons, and with or without compensation. Article L. 227-9<\/a> adds the collective-decision frame: “Les statuts déterminent les décisions qui doivent être prises collectivement par les associés dans les formes et conditions qu’ils prévoient.” And on representation, Article L. 227-6<\/a> provides: “La société est représentée à l’égard des tiers par un président désigné dans les conditions prévues par les statuts.” The same article arms the president with formidable powers: “Le président est investi des pouvoirs les plus étendus pour agir en toute circonstance au nom de la société dans la limite de l’objet social”, while warning that “Les dispositions statutaires limitant les pouvoirs du président sont inopposables aux tiers.” In other words, internal limits bind the president toward the shareholders, but a third party in good faith can rely on the president’s signature even beyond those limits.<\/p>\n

From abroad, your first reflex must therefore be to open the articles — not the statute book. Who removes the president: all shareholders collectively, a majority, the majority shareholder alone, a committee? Is removal ad nutum<\/em>, freely at any time without reasons, or only for defined causes? Is an indemnity promised? Is there a notice period, a right to be heard, a non-compete? Every answer sits in the articles, possibly completed by a shareholders’ agreement (pacte d’associés<\/em>), the private contract between shareholders that often caps or prices removals in funded startups. The official service-public.fr page on director changes confirms the method: in a SAS, the decision to change the president is voted under the conditions set by the articles, and the power to appoint the new president may even be delegated to a committee, a board, or the majority shareholder.<\/p>\n

Then comes the trap the Cour de cassation closed in July 2025: you cannot bypass the articles with a side document, even unanimously. In a widely commented decision, the Commercial Chamber quashed a Paris appeal ruling that had applied revocation conditions from an annex to general-meeting minutes instead of the articles, which allowed removal ad nutum<\/em> without compensation. The Court held (Commercial Chamber, 9 July 2025, No. 24-10.428, full decision on courdecassation.fr<\/a>): “Il résulte de ces textes que les statuts de la société par actions simplifiée fixent les conditions dans lesquelles celle-ci est dirigée, notamment les modalités de révocation de ses dirigeants. Si une décision des associés peut compléter les statuts sur ce point, elle ne peut y déroger, quand bien même aurait-elle été prise à l’unanimité.” A shareholders’ decision may therefore fill a silence in the articles, but it can never contradict them — not even a unanimous one. If your articles promise the president a golden parachute or restrict removal to defined misconduct, a unanimous vote to remove them cheaply and freely will not survive judicial review; only an amendment of the articles, voted under the amendment majority, changes the rule.<\/p>\n

Practically, a compliant SAS removal from abroad follows five steps. First, re-read the articles and any shareholders’ agreement end to end, including annexes on the president’s mandate, pay, and termination. Second, follow the convening rules to the letter: who convenes, by which means, with which notice, with which information — email and videoconference are valid if the articles allow them, and most modern SAS articles do. Third, hold the vote under the exact majority the articles require and record it in minutes that name the outgoing and incoming directors, state the effective date, settle the fate of the outgoing director’s pay and benefits, and authorize the filing. Fourth, if the removal is brutal in form — no notice, no hearing, public humiliation — expect a claim for vexatious<\/em> or abusive exercise even where removal ad nutum<\/em> was lawful in substance; the Cour de cassation preserved exactly such a 30,000-euro award for a brutal removal in the same 2025 decision. Give short notice, state neutral reasons, and keep the tone professional. Fifth, appoint the successor in the same decision wherever possible: a SAS with no president, even for a few weeks, cannot sign, cannot hire, cannot move its files, and banks freeze online access when the Kbis shows a vacancy.<\/p>\n

Appointing from abroad raises its own checks. The new president can be a foreign individual or even a legal entity; in the latter case the entity designates a permanent representative who bears the same duties. Verify three things before signing: the candidate’s capacity (no personal bankruptcy, no prohibition on managing — interdiction de gérer<\/em>), their tax and social-security landing (a president living in France affiliates to the general social-security scheme as an assimilé salarié<\/em>; a non-resident president with no French activity raises different filing questions your counsel should clear before appointment), and conflicts of interest (a president who also controls the majority shareholder should abstain or disclose where the articles require it). None of this requires a flight to Paris: powers of attorney, scanned ID documents, and electronic signatures on the minutes are routine, with originals couriered for the filing file.<\/p>\n

II. How do you make the change enforceable and fix the Kbis from abroad?<\/h2>\n

A. What must you file on the Guichet unique within one month, and with which documents?<\/h3>\n

Deciding is half the job; publishing is the other half, and it is the half that protects you. Since 1 January 2023, all creation, modification and cessation formalities must be completed online on the Guichet des formalités des entreprises, the single portal that replaced the old business formalities centres (CFE) for every company whatever its legal form. The legal anchor is Article L. 123-33 of the Commercial Code<\/a>: “Ce dossier est déposé par voie électronique auprès d’un organisme unique désigné à cet effet.” The portal’s operating rules in Article R. 123-1<\/a> confirm that the single body receives the unified file covering declarations of creation, changes in situation — including beneficial-owner information — and cessation. INPI guidance adds the deadline plainly: a company must enter any change online within one month. The official service-public.fr page on changing a company director is even more specific: the change must be declared within one month on the Guichet des formalités des entreprises (service-public.fr, changer le dirigeant de la société<\/a>). A founder in London, New York or Dubai completes the same online file as a founder in Paris; the portal accepts foreign addresses and foreign ID documents, and a French-law counsel or formalist (formaliste<\/em>) can file under a simple power of attorney.<\/p>\n

Before filing, two publications and one paper trail must be ready. First, the decision itself must be written up: the change of director has to be set down in minutes (procès-verbal<\/em>) identifying the incoming and outgoing directors, and the service-public.fr guidance requires exactly that. Second, the new director must publish the change, as recorded in the minutes, in a legal notices journal (support d’annonces légales<\/em>, formerly the newspaper of legal notices) within one month; once published, a certificate of publication (attestation de parution<\/em>) is issued and joins the filing file. INPI confirms the logic: where a change affects the information shown on the Kbis — company name, capital, registered office, and by the same reasoning the identity of the legal representative — publication of a legal notice in an authorized medium is required. Budget roughly 100 to 200 euros for the notice outside Paris, more inside Paris, and keep the invoice: it proves the date.<\/p>\n

Third, assemble the supporting documents (pièces justificatives<\/em>) the portal will demand. The official list for a director change comprises: a copy of the minutes deciding the change, showing the incoming and outgoing directors; the certificate of publication of the notice; updated articles if they were amended (mandatory when the outgoing SARL manager was named in the articles); a copy of the new director’s national ID card, passport or residence permit; a signed declaration of non-conviction (déclaration de non-condamnation<\/em>) by the new director; and a filiation statement giving the father’s full name and the mother’s maiden name and first names. Foreign founders stumble most often on three items: the non-conviction declaration, which must be signed by the incoming director personally and dated; the filiation statement, an unfamiliar French requirement that the greffe<\/em> (registry) will reject the file for if missing; and the translation question — a foreign passport needs no translation, but any foreign supporting act (for instance a foreign parent company’s board minutes appointing the new president) should be filed with a certified French translation. Check every scan for legibility before uploading: rejections for unreadable documents are the most common cause of the portal’s back-and-forth, and each round trip costs days during which the old Kbis keeps circulating.<\/p>\n

Two related filings often ride along with the director change, and both can be handled in the same portal session. If the articles were amended to delete the former manager’s name, file the updated articles together with the minutes — the registry cross-checks consistency between the two. And if the director is also a shareholder and a beneficial owner (bénéficiaire effectif<\/em>, the person ultimately owning or controlling the company, declared in the RBE register), a new beneficial-owner declaration (DBE) must be filed on the portal whenever the shareholding or control changes with the director; where nothing changed on that front, the portal’s standard question on beneficial owners is answered by ticking that the situation is unchanged. Your filing sequence from abroad is therefore: minutes, legal notice, portal file with all exhibits, then monitoring — the portal returns questions from the registry, answer them within days, and download the new Kbis the moment it issues to confirm the names.<\/p>\n

B. Why must the Kbis, the BODACC notice and the beneficial owners be aligned — and what happens if the former director stays on paper?<\/h3>\n

The Kbis is the company’s passport: banks, notaries, suppliers and administrations read the name of the legal representative on it and stop there. After your filing, the registry updates the RCS entry, issues the corrected Kbis, and the change feeds the BODACC (Bulletin officiel des annonces civiles et commerciales<\/em>, the official bulletin publishing company registrations and changes). Article R. 210-8 of the Commercial Code<\/a> illustrates the system for incorporations — after registration, incorporation is advertised in the BODACC — and the same publicity machinery carries modifications to third parties’ knowledge. A foreign owner should therefore treat the new Kbis as the closing document of the whole operation: circulate it to the bank to update signature powers and online access, to the accountant for payroll and tax filings, to insurers, landlords and key customers, and keep the prior Kbis stapled to the minutes as the before-and-after proof.<\/p>\n

The reason this paper chase matters is a hard rule of opposability. Article L. 123-9 of the Commercial Code<\/a> provides: “La personne assujettie à immatriculation ne peut, dans l’exercice de son activité, opposer ni aux tiers ni aux administrations publiques, qui peuvent toutefois s’en prévaloir, les faits et actes sujets à mention que si ces derniers ont été publiés au registre.” The Cour de cassation restates the principle routinely; in a 27 November 2024 decision it recalled: “Selon l’article L. 123-9, alinéa 1, du code de commerce, la personne assujettie à immatriculation ne peut, dans l’exercice de son activité, opposer ni aux tiers ni aux administrations publiques les faits et actes sujets à mention que si ces derniers ont été publiés au registre du commerce et des sociétés” (Cass. com., 27 Nov. 2024, No. 22-24.511<\/a>). A change of legal representative is precisely a fact subject to entry (fait sujet à mention<\/em>): until it is published, the company cannot invoke it against third parties, while third parties in good faith can rely on the published entry — including, uncomfortably, the former director’s authority. Concretely: a contract signed by the dismissed president before publication can still bind the company toward a good-faith counterparty; a payment ordered by the bank to the former manager on the strength of the old Kbis is hard to unwind; and URSSAF or the tax office will keep serving notices on the registered name.<\/p>\n

Three risk zones deserve special attention from abroad. First, the interim period: between the vote and the new Kbis, limit damage by notifying the bank, the accountant and the main counterparties of the change the same day, by registered email with the minutes attached, even though only publication makes it fully effective. Ask the bank in writing to freeze the former director’s Solo powers pending the new Kbis; most French banks have a standard form for this. Second, the hostile departure: a removed director who keeps a copy of the old Kbis and a company stamp can cause real harm in a few days. Combine immediate counterparty notices with a formal demand to return all company property, revoke all proxies (procurations<\/em>) in writing, change online-access credentials, and, if threats or forged signatures appear, file a criminal complaint and seek interim court orders — your counsel in France can move within days while you instruct by email and videoconference. Third, the zombie entry: a filing rejected by the registry for a missing exhibit, left unanswered because the portal’s questions went to an unchecked inbox, leaves the former director on the register indefinitely. Designate one monitored email address for the portal, answer registry questions within 48 hours, and diary a four-week check: if no new Kbis, chase.<\/p>\n

Finally, align the registers that orbit the RCS. Update the beneficial-owner file (RBE) where the director’s arrival or departure changes control; update the company’s internal register of shareholders’ decisions and attendance sheets; inform the accountant so payroll, the affiliation of the new director, and the liasse fiscale<\/em> (annual tax return bundle) reflect the right name; and where the company holds regulated authorizations or leases referencing the director by name, notify those counterparties too. Foreign groups sometimes forget the French company’s own bank KYC file: the bank will ask the new director for ID, proof of address, and the new Kbis before restoring full powers — prepare that bundle in advance so the operating account is never blocked longer than necessary.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

Changing the director of a French company from abroad is a two-act operation, and both acts must succeed. In act one, the decision, the SARL follows statutory majorities — more than half the shares, with damages as the price of a causeless removal — while the SAS follows its articles to the letter, since even a unanimous side decision cannot contradict them. Resignations must be express and notified; removals must be minuted with business reasons stated neutrally; successors should be appointed in the same act so the company is never headless. In act two, the filing, everything goes through the Guichet unique within one month, with minutes, a legal-notice certificate, ID, a non-conviction declaration and filiation details, plus updated articles and beneficial-owner papers where relevant. Until the RCS publishes the change, the company cannot invoke it against third parties — so notify the bank and key counterparties the same day, police the interim, and chase the new Kbis until it is in your hands. Done in this order, the whole change can be completed without boarding a plane: the law cares about majorities, papers and deadlines, not about where you sat when you signed.<\/p>\n

Need a quick opinion on your case<\/h2>\n

You run a French company from abroad and need to replace its director, record a resignation, or clean a Kbis that still shows the wrong name. Our firm offers a telephone consultation within 48 hours with a counsel of the firm: first telephone consultation at 80 EUR incl. VAT, with a concrete filing checklist for your SARL or SAS.<\/p>\n

Call +33 6 46 60 58 22<\/a> or write via our contact page<\/a> with your Kbis, your articles, and the resignation letter or draft minutes — we tell you who can decide, with which majority, and what to file within the one-month deadline.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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