{"id":2121362,"date":"2026-09-14T17:56:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T15:56:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/09\/14\/foreign-company-france-close-dissolution-liquidation-kbis-removal-abroad\/"},"modified":"2026-09-14T17:56:08","modified_gmt":"2026-09-14T15:56:08","slug":"foreign-company-france-close-dissolution-liquidation-kbis-removal-abroad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/09\/14\/foreign-company-france-close-dissolution-liquidation-kbis-removal-abroad\/","title":{"rendered":"Closing Your French Company From Abroad: Dissolution, Liquidation, Tax Clearance and Kbis Removal"},"content":{"rendered":"

You run your French company from London, New York or Dubai, and the time has come to close it. Perhaps the project never took off, perhaps the group is restructuring, or perhaps the French subsidiary has served its purpose and now only generates accounting fees, tax filings and a yearly trip to sign the accounts. From abroad, closure looks like a single formality: file a paper, surrender the Kbis, the company’s official identity card issued by the greffe, the registry office of the commercial court, and walk away. French law sees it very differently. Closing a solvent company is a sequenced legal operation with two distinct deaths, the dissolution that opens the liquidation and the closure of the liquidation that erases the company, and between the two the company survives, pays tax, can be sued, and must keep publishing accounts. Skip a publication and the dissolution cannot be enforced against third parties. Forget the final tax return and the directors remain exposed. Distribute the cash too early and the liquidator pays out of his own pocket. This article walks through the whole sequence with the statutes in force verified on 14 September 2026, two binding rulings of the Cour de cassation, the court at the top of the French judicial system, and the official service-public.fr procedure for the fast-track single-shareholder route verified on 4 September 2026. It covers the French SAS, the simplified joint-stock company, the SARL, the limited liability company, and the single-shareholder variants SASU and EURL, explains every French acronym on first use, and gives the distant founder a practical order of operations that works from abroad. Our companion guide on setting up a company in France as a foreign founder<\/a> describes the birth of the company; this article describes its orderly end.<\/p>\n

I. How Do You Legally Close a French Company From Abroad: Dissolution, Liquidation or the Fast-Track Transfer?<\/h2>\n

A. Should you dissolve and liquidate, or transfer everything to a single shareholder?<\/h3>\n

The first decision is strategic, and it depends on one fact: how many shareholders own the company. French law offers two completely different exits. The ordinary route is dissolution followed by liquidation, available to every company. The fast-track route is the transmission universelle du patrimoine, universally called the TUP, the universal transfer of assets, available only when a single shareholder holds all the shares and that shareholder is a legal person, a company or entity with legal personality, not a flesh-and-blood individual. Choosing the wrong route wastes months, so the shareholder count must be checked before anything is signed.<\/p>\n

The ordinary route starts with a shareholder vote. The Civil Code lists the ways a company ends, and the voluntary case reads: \u00ab Par la dissolution anticip\u00e9e d\u00e9cid\u00e9e par les associ\u00e9s \u00bb (Civil Code, Article 1844-7, 4\u00b0<\/a>). In practice, the shareholders hold an extraordinary general meeting, vote the early dissolution, appoint a liquidator, called the liquidateur, the person who winds up the company, and fix his powers and pay. In a SARL, the majority rules of the articles apply; in a SAS, the articles of association, the statuts, freely organise the vote, which is why the statuts must be re-read before convening anyone. The minutes must be signed, and a founder living abroad can sign by electronic signature with a qualified certificate, or grant a written power of attorney, a pouvoir, to a person present in France. Foreign public documents intended for the French company register sometimes need an apostille, the international authentication stamp of the Hague Convention, or legalisation, so the signature circuit should be organised before the meeting date, not after.<\/p>\n

Dissolution does not kill the company. It opens the liquidation, and the statute is explicit: \u00ab La dissolution de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 entra\u00eene sa liquidation, hormis les cas pr\u00e9vus \u00e0 l’article 1844-4 et au troisi\u00e8me alin\u00e9a de l’article 1844-5 \u00bb (Civil Code, Article 1844-8<\/a>). From that instant, the company name must be followed by the words \u00ab soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en liquidation \u00bb, and the Commercial Code adds: \u00ab La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est en liquidation d\u00e8s l’instant de sa dissolution pour quelque cause que ce soit sauf dans le cas pr\u00e9vu au troisi\u00e8me alin\u00e9a de l’article 1844-5 du code civil. Sa d\u00e9nomination sociale est suivie de la mention ” soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en liquidation ” \u00bb (Commercial Code, Article L237-2<\/a>). Every invoice, contract and letter must carry the mention from that day on. The same article sets the rule that governs the whole timetable: \u00ab La dissolution d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne produit ses effets \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des tiers qu’\u00e0 compter de la date \u00e0 laquelle elle est publi\u00e9e au registre du commerce et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00bb, the RCS, the trade and companies register kept by the greffe. Until publication, creditors, landlords and courts treat the company as fully alive.<\/p>\n

The fast-track route avoids liquidation entirely. Where a single legal-person shareholder owns everything, the Civil Code provides: \u00ab En cas de dissolution, celle-ci entra\u00eene la transmission universelle du patrimoine de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 l’associ\u00e9 unique, sans qu’il y ait lieu \u00e0 liquidation \u00bb (Civil Code, Article 1844-5, third paragraph<\/a>). All assets and liabilities pass automatically to the sole shareholder, with no liquidator and no liquidation accounts. The price of this speed is creditor protection: \u00ab Les cr\u00e9anciers peuvent faire opposition \u00e0 la dissolution dans le d\u00e9lai de trente jours \u00e0 compter de la publication de celle-ci. \u00bb The official service-public.fr procedure page for the TUP, verified on 4 September 2026, confirms the mechanics in plain terms: creditors oppose within 30 days of publication of the dissolution in the BODACC, the Bulletin officiel des annonces civiles et commerciales, the official gazette of business notices, and the starting point runs from the day after publication (service-public.fr, dissolution simplifi\u00e9e: transmission universelle du patrimoine<\/a>). If nobody opposes, the sole shareholder obtains a certificat de non-opposition, the CNO, the certificate of no creditor opposition, from the greffe of the commercial court, and must file the radiation, the removal of the company from the register, through the guichet unique, the single online window for business formalities operated via the INPI, the National Institute of Industrial Property, within one month of the asset transfer. A foreign parent company that owns 100 percent of a French SASU, the single-shareholder SAS, is the textbook candidate for the TUP; a founder who owns the shares personally is not, because the statute expressly excludes the sole shareholder who is a natural person.<\/p>\n

One ruling of the Cour de cassation warns against improvised exits when shareholders disagree. In a decision of 11 June 2026, the Third Civil Chamber held that an action to dissolve a company for just reasons, motifs graves such as a paralysing disagreement between shareholders, belongs to shareholders alone: \u00ab l’action en dissolution d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 pour justes motifs, qui n’est ouverte \u00e0 l’associ\u00e9 que pour des motifs appr\u00e9ci\u00e9s au regard du pacte social, est un droit propre attach\u00e9 \u00e0 la qualit\u00e9 d’associ\u00e9 et ne peut \u00eatre exerc\u00e9e par un cr\u00e9ancier personnel de celui-ci, agissant par la voie oblique \u00bb (Cass., 3rd Civil Chamber, 11 June 2026, No. 24-19.326<\/a>). A creditor, even an unpaid one, cannot force the dissolution of the company through the courts by stepping into his debtor’s shoes. For the foreign founder, the lesson is concrete: if a co-shareholder blocks the dissolution vote, the remedy is a shareholder action for judicial dissolution on just grounds, brought by a shareholder, never by an outsider, and the file must document the deadlock, the unperformed obligations or the paralysis of decision-making that Article 1844-7, 5\u00b0 requires. Where the vote is consensual, none of this litigation is needed, and the dissolution minutes open the liquidation the same day.<\/p>\n

B. Which filings, notices and accounts make the closure enforceable?<\/h3>\n

Once the dissolution is voted, three publications put it on the map, and their order matters. First, a legal notice, an annonce l\u00e9gale, must appear in a journal d’annonces l\u00e9gales, a JAL, a newspaper authorised to carry legal notices in the department of the registered office. The notice states the company name with the \u00ab soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en liquidation \u00bb mention, the registered office, the company number, the date of the dissolution vote and the name and address of the liquidator. Second, the dissolution is filed through the guichet unique, which forwards it to the greffe for an updating entry, an inscription modificative, in the RCS, and the updated Kbis then shows the company \u00ab en liquidation \u00bb. Third, the dissolution is published in the BODACC, and only from the RCS publication does it bind third parties, as Article L237-2 quoted above provides. A founder managing from abroad should mandate a formalist, a legal-publication agent, or the company’s expert-comptable, the French chartered accountant, to run this chain, because the portals require FranceConnect or certified accounts that a non-resident rarely holds, and a rejected filing restarts the clock. Keep every acknowledgement: the JAL affidavit, the guichet unique receipt and the BODACC reference prove the dates from which the company can rely on its new status.<\/p>\n

The liquidator is the central figure of the months that follow, and his powers are deliberately broad. The statute gives him the widest mandate: \u00ab Le liquidateur repr\u00e9sente la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Il est investi des pouvoirs les plus \u00e9tendus pour r\u00e9aliser l’actif, m\u00eame \u00e0 l’amiable \u00bb (Commercial Code, Article L237-24<\/a>). He sells the assets, collects the receivables, terminates the contracts and, crucially, \u00ab Il est habilit\u00e9 \u00e0 payer les cr\u00e9anciers et r\u00e9partir le solde disponible. \u00bb Limits written into the statuts or the appointment deed do not bind outsiders. Where neither the statuts nor the shareholders have organised the liquidation, the law supplies default machinery: the liquidation follows the statutory section, and a court can order it so at the request of a majority of partners in some forms, of shareholders holding at least 5 percent of the capital in SARLs and joint-stock companies, or of the company’s creditors (Commercial Code, Article L237-14<\/a>). A foreign founder is commonly appointed liquidator of his own company, which allows remote control, but the appointment and any later removal bind third parties only once published, as Article 1844-8 provides, so the RCS entry naming the liquidator must be checked online after filing.<\/p>\n

Liquidation is not a holiday from accounting. The liquidator must draw up an inventory and, within three months of each year-end, prepare annual accounts plus a written report of the liquidation operations, then convene the shareholders at least once a year within six months of year-end to approve the accounts: \u00ab le liquidateur convoque selon les modalit\u00e9s pr\u00e9vues par les statuts, au moins une fois par an et dans les six mois de la cl\u00f4ture de l’exercice l’assembl\u00e9e des associ\u00e9s qui statue sur les comptes annuels \u00bb (Commercial Code, Article L237-25<\/a>). If the meeting never happens, the report goes to the greffe for anyone to consult, and a liquidator who neglects these duties can lose part of his pay and be removed. For a company with little left to sell, these yearly accounts are short, but they must exist, because the final meeting will approve the whole history at once and a missing year invites questions from the greffe or a creditor.<\/p>\n

The end of the road is the closure meeting. The liquidator presents the final liquidation accounts, the shareholders approve them, grant him quitus, the formal discharge for his management, record the closure of the liquidation and distribute any remaining balance, the boni de liquidation, the liquidation surplus. The closure is filed through the guichet unique, published by legal notice and in the BODACC, and the greffe strikes the company off: radiation. Only then does the Kbis disappear and the legal person vanish, since \u00ab La personnalit\u00e9 morale de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 subsiste pour les besoins de la liquidation jusqu’\u00e0 la publication de la cl\u00f4ture de celle-ci \u00bb (Civil Code, Article 1844-8<\/a>). A company struck off without the closure publications still exists for creditors, which is why cheap \u00ab abandon \u00bb strategies, simply ceasing to file anything and hoping the register forgets, fail: the company survives, tax and social bodies keep assessing, and directors keep answering letters.<\/p>\n

Two time limits discipline lazy liquidations. First, where closure has not occurred within three years of dissolution, the public prosecutor or any interested party can ask the court to order the liquidation forward or finish it: \u00ab Si la cl\u00f4ture de la liquidation n’est pas intervenue dans un d\u00e9lai de trois ans \u00e0 compter de la dissolution, le minist\u00e8re public ou tout int\u00e9ress\u00e9 peut saisir le tribunal, qui fait proc\u00e9der \u00e0 la liquidation ou, si celle-ci a \u00e9t\u00e9 commenc\u00e9e, \u00e0 son ach\u00e8vement \u00bb (Civil Code, Article 1844-8<\/a>). Second, the liquidator’s personal liability follows a strict prescription clock set by a ruling every founder-liquidator should know. On 1 June 2023, the Commercial Chamber of the Cour de cassation held: \u00ab Il r\u00e9sulte du dernier de ces textes que l’action en responsabilit\u00e9 contre une personne investie de la qualit\u00e9 de liquidateur d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dissoute \u00e0 raison des fautes commises par elle dans l’exercice de ses fonctions se prescrit par trois ans, et des deux premiers que la responsabilit\u00e9 de cette m\u00eame personne ne peut \u00eatre recherch\u00e9e, \u00e0 raison des actes de liquidation qu’elle accomplit apr\u00e8s le terme de ses fonctions, que sur le fondement de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile d\u00e9lictuelle de droit commun et dans la limite de la prescription quinquennale \u00bb (Cass., Commercial Chamber, 1 June 2023, No. 21-13.716<\/a>). The statute behind the three-year rule states that the liquidator answers for his faults to the company and to third parties, with prescription running as for management liability (Commercial Code, Article L237-12<\/a>). In plain terms, a liquidator who pays himself the surplus before paying the tax office, sells an asset below value to a related party, or simply lets the file sleep can be sued for three years, and acts performed after his mandate formally ended remain actionable for five years under ordinary civil liability. Distant founders who appoint themselves liquidator should therefore keep the liquidation bank statements, sale evidence and creditor letters for years after the radiation, and company books and supporting documents must in any event be kept for ten years: \u00ab Les documents comptables et les pi\u00e8ces justificatives sont conserv\u00e9s pendant dix ans \u00bb (Commercial Code, Article L123-22<\/a>).<\/p>\n

A final structural note: closing a branch, a succursale, the registered local presence of a foreign company without its own legal personality, is a different and shorter exercise, because there is no French company to liquidate and the foreign parent remains liable. Our guide on registering, taxing and closing a branch in France<\/a> covers that path. Everything below concerns companies with French legal personality, SAS, SARL, SASU and EURL, whose Kbis must be affirmatively extinguished.<\/p>\n

II. What Must Be Paid and Settled Before the Kbis Disappears?<\/h2>\n

A. How do you clear French corporate tax and VAT when the company stops?<\/h3>\n

Dissolution accelerates taxation, and this is the point foreign owners most often miss. For a company subject to French corporate income tax, the imp\u00f4t sur les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s, universally called the IS, dissolution triggers immediate assessment under the same machinery as cessation: \u00ab En cas de dissolution \u00bb, corporate tax \u00ab est \u00e9tabli dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues aux 1 et 3 de l’article 201 \u00bb (General Tax Code, Article 221, 2<\/a>). Article 201 then imposes two hard deadlines. First, the taxpayers must warn the tax office within forty-five days: \u00ab Les contribuables doivent, dans un d\u00e9lai de quarante-cinq jours d\u00e9termin\u00e9 comme il est indiqu\u00e9 ci-apr\u00e8s, aviser l’administration de la cession ou de la cessation et lui faire conna\u00eetre la date \u00e0 laquelle elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 ou sera effective \u00bb (General Tax Code, Article 201, 1<\/a>). Second, businesses under real taxation regimes must send the final profit return with a summary of the income statement within sixty days: \u00ab Les contribuables assujettis \u00e0 un r\u00e9gime r\u00e9el d’imposition sont tenus de faire parvenir \u00e0 l’administration, dans un d\u00e9lai de soixante jours d\u00e9termin\u00e9 comme indiqu\u00e9 au 1, la d\u00e9claration de leur b\u00e9n\u00e9fice r\u00e9el accompagn\u00e9e d’un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de leur compte de r\u00e9sultat. \u00bb Miss these filings and the assessment is made automatically, d’office, on bases the administration sets itself, with penalties and late interest that the liquidator should have prevented. In practice, the expert-comptable prepares a closing balance sheet at the dissolution date and a second one at the liquidation closure, computes the IS balance after crediting the instalments, the acomptes, already paid, and files the final liasse fiscale, the standardised annual tax return bundle. Our yearly guide on the legal calendar of a French company<\/a> lists the ordinary deadlines this final cycle replaces, and founders who have already faced a reassessment should re-read our guide on replying to a French tax audit from abroad<\/a> before signing anything the auditor sent.<\/p>\n

Value added tax, the TVA, the French VAT, needs its own closure. Every taxable person files periodic returns, the CA3 monthly or quarterly slips famous to every French accountant: the governing article requires each VAT-registered person to file the administration’s return form with its service and pay the tax due on the same rhythm (General Tax Code, Article 287<\/a>). On cessation, a final CA3 covers the last period, the last deductible VAT is recovered or paid back where goods are kept or transferred, and any VAT credit is claimed for refund, a refund the tax office examines closely for closing companies, so the invoices supporting it must be complete. Companies that sold to other European Union member states must also close their intra-EU recapitulative statements and, since 1 September 2026, their e-invoicing and e-reporting flows, described in our guide on French e-invoicing duties for foreign companies<\/a>. Founders who previously missed a return should consult our guide on fixing a missed VAT return from abroad<\/a>, because a missing CA3 discovered during liquidation blocks the final distribution. Smaller local taxes close in the same movement: the cotisation fonci\u00e8re des entreprises, the CFE, the local business tax, for the year of closure, and any payroll-based contributions. The corporate bank account should stay open, funded, until the last tax and social debits clear; closing it early is the classic self-inflicted wound, leaving the liquidator unable to pay a final assessment without reopening a circuit abroad.<\/p>\n

Distributing the leftover cash is itself taxed, and the order of payments is mandatory: creditors and the Treasury first, shareholders last. The liquidation surplus paid to shareholders is treated as distributed income in their hands, with French withholding, the retenue \u00e0 la source, potentially due to non-resident shareholders subject to treaty relief, a mechanism detailed in our guide on taking profits and dividends out of a French company from abroad<\/a>. A liquidator who distributes before the tax clearance arrives commits exactly the kind of fault Article L237-12 punishes. The safe sequence is therefore: close the accounts, file the 45-day notice and the 60-day final return, file the final VAT return, obtain or provision the tax position in writing, pay every creditor, and only then convene the closure meeting and distribute.<\/p>\n

B. How do you settle employees, social charges and remaining creditors from abroad?<\/h3>\n

Employees come before almost everyone in a founder’s practical worries, because French dismissal law runs on procedures and clocks that ignore distance. A company that still employs staff cannot simply stop paying them; each contract must be ended lawfully, and where several dismissals flow from the closure, the economic-dismissal rules, the licenciement \u00e9conomique, with its information, consultation and redeployment duties, may apply according to headcount. Our guide on firing the first employee and contesting severance<\/a> details the dismissal letter, notice and indemnity mechanics the liquidator must reuse here. The indemnity floor matters at closing: an employee on an open-ended contract with at least eight months of continuous service is entitled to a statutory severance except for serious misconduct: the Code states that \u00ab Le salari\u00e9 titulaire d’un contrat de travail \u00e0 dur\u00e9e ind\u00e9termin\u00e9e, licenci\u00e9 alors qu’il compte 8 mois d’anciennet\u00e9 ininterrompus au service du m\u00eame employeur, a droit, sauf en cas de faute grave, \u00e0 une indemnit\u00e9 de licenciement \u00bb (Labour Code, Article L1234-9<\/a>). To this floor the liquidator adds the collective-agreement indemnity where higher, accrued paid leave, the solde de tout compte, the final settlement statement, the work certificate and the France Travail attestation, the employment-agency certificate that lets the worker claim unemployment benefits. Payroll is closed through the DSN, the d\u00e9claration sociale nominative, the monthly digital payroll return, with a final nominative signal for each departure, and the last payslips are issued exactly as during activity, a routine our guide on hiring the first employee<\/a> describes from the employer’s side.<\/p>\n

Social bodies are then cleared one by one. URSSAF, the Union de recouvrement des cotisations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale et d’allocations familiales, the agency collecting social contributions, receives the final declarations and any balance of employer and employee contributions; the complementary pension and provident institutions are settled and radiated as an employer; and the expert-comptable obtains statements showing zero balance or provisions booked in the closure accounts. Landlords, suppliers and lenders follow: the liquidator terminates the commercial lease with its contractual notice, negotiates any early-exit indemnity, recovers the deposit, and closes utilities, insurance and service contracts, because every contract left running accrues charges against the liquidation. In a TUP, this creditor work happens under the 30-day opposition regime instead: an opposing creditor goes to the commercial court, which rejects the opposition, orders repayment, or orders guarantees, and without any opposition the CNO unlocks the radiation within the month, exactly as the service-public.fr procedure verified for this article describes. Whether by liquidation or TUP, no distribution to shareholders precedes the settlement or securing of creditors, and the liquidator or sole shareholder who inverts the order answers for it.<\/p>\n

From abroad, the whole operation runs through three representatives: the liquidator, who signs and can be the founder himself; the expert-comptable, who closes, files and provisions; and a French lawyer or formalist, who publishes, files with the guichet unique, watches the RCS and BODACC entries, and collects the final Kbis of radiation. Powers of attorney should be bilingual, dated and specific to each act, and videoconference shareholder meetings should be authorised in the statuts or the convening documents with attendance and vote records kept as carefully as in person. Budget realistically: legal notices for dissolution and for closure, greffe and BODACC fees, expert-comptable closing and liquidation accounts, lawyer supervision, lease exit costs, severance and notice, final IS and VAT balances, and a provision for late assessments. A clean small company with no employees and no dispute typically closes in six to twelve months; a TUP with no creditor opposition can extinguish the company in about two to three months from publication; a file with employees, a lease dispute or a tax audit takes as long as the underlying dispute. Founders tempted by the silent route should read our guide on the missed beneficial-owners filing and the greffe injunction<\/a> as a reminder of how actively the greffe pursues silent companies, and founders whose bank already closed the account should read our guide on the right to an account after a bank refusal<\/a> before the liquidation stalls for lack of a paying account.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

Closing a French company from abroad succeeds when the founder respects the order French law imposes: vote before publishing, publish before relying on the dissolution, liquidate before distributing, and clear tax, social charges, employees and creditors before striking the company off. The shareholder vote opens the liquidation under Article 1844-7, the \u00ab soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en liquidation \u00bb mention goes on every document under Article L237-2, and the dissolution binds third parties only from its RCS publication. The liquidator realises the assets and pays the creditors with the widest powers under Article L237-24, reports yearly under Article L237-25, and closes with approved accounts, quitus and radiation, while the legal person survives until the closure is published under Article 1844-8. The single-shareholder company owned by a legal person may take the TUP shortcut of Article 1844-5, with its 30-day creditor opposition in the BODACC, its certificate of no opposition and its one-month radiation through the guichet unique. Tax follows its own accelerated clocks, the 45-day notice and 60-day final return of Articles 221 and 201, plus the final VAT return under Article 287, and employees leave with the severance floor of Article L1234-9 and a clean DSN exit. Two rulings frame the risks: dissolution belongs to shareholders alone and never to an outsider creditor, and the liquidator answers for his faults for three years, five for acts beyond his mandate. Run the sequence through an expert-comptable and a lawyer, keep the account funded until the last debit, keep every acknowledgement and every book for ten years, and the Kbis will disappear without a letter arriving the year after.<\/p>\n

Need a quick opinion on your case<\/h2>\n

Closing a French company from abroad turns on your shareholder structure, dissolution vote, TUP eligibility, final tax returns, employee exits and Kbis radiation. Our firm offers a telephone consultation within 48 hours with a lawyer of the firm to review your closing file and set the strategy before the next filing or distribution. Call +33 6 46 60 58 22<\/a> or write through our contact page<\/a> with your Kbis, accounts and contracts attached.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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