{"id":2119536,"date":"2026-09-11T16:08:14","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T14:08:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/09\/11\/foreign-president-france-delegate-powers-local-manager-bank-signature\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T16:08:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T14:08:14","slug":"foreign-president-france-delegate-powers-local-manager-bank-signature","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/09\/11\/foreign-president-france-delegate-powers-local-manager-bank-signature\/","title":{"rendered":"The Bank Refuses Your Local Manager’s Signature: How a Foreign President Delegates Powers in a French SAS or SARL"},"content":{"rendered":"

The French bank does not say that your country manager is a fraud. It says the signature on the facility, the lease or the SEPA mandate does not match the Kbis (extrait Kbis<\/em>, the official extract from the registre du commerce et des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s<\/em>, RCS, the commercial and companies register). The person who runs the Paris office day to day is not the pr\u00e9sident<\/em> (president) of the SAS (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e<\/em>, the simplified joint-stock company that most foreign groups use) and is not a g\u00e9rant<\/em> (manager) of the SARL (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e<\/em>, the limited-liability company). Until that gap is closed, the account stays blocked, the landlord will not hand over the keys, and the notary (notaire<\/em>) will not complete the deed.<\/p>\n

This is not the same problem as installing a Delaware or Delaware-style parent as pr\u00e9sident<\/em> of the SAS, which turns on the permanent representative and is treated in a separate guide<\/a>. It is not the claim that the foreign parent has become a dirigeant de fait<\/em> (de facto director) by running the subsidiary from abroad, which is a different liability<\/a>. The formation path, the first bank file and the first hire sit in the pillar on setting up a French company as a foreign founder<\/a>. What follows is the signature itself: what French law lets a remote pr\u00e9sident<\/em> or g\u00e9rant<\/em> give to a local manager, which document the greffe<\/em> (the commercial court\u2019s registry) will put on the Kbis, which document is only a private power of attorney, and who remains in the firing line if the local signatory exceeds the mandate or if you keep deciding everything from New York or London.<\/p>\n

I. How do you give a local manager a signature that the bank and the greffe will accept?<\/h2>\n

A. What the pr\u00e9sident of an SAS, or the g\u00e9rant of an SARL, can actually delegate<\/h3>\n

The first paper to open is not the bank\u2019s onboarding checklist. It is the bylaws (statuts<\/em>) of the French company. For a SAS, article L. 227-5 of the Commercial Code<\/a> is short and mandatory: \u201cLes statuts fixent les conditions dans lesquelles la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e.\u201d The bylaws, and only the bylaws, say who may be appointed, how, and with which title. The Cour de cassation (France\u2019s highest ordinary court), commercial chamber, spelled out the consequence on 12 October 2022, pourvoi no. 21-15.382<\/a>: \u201cIl r\u00e9sulte de la combinaison des articles L. 227-1 et L. 227-5 du code de commerce que les statuts de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e fixent les conditions dans lesquelles la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est dirig\u00e9e, notamment les modalit\u00e9s de r\u00e9vocation de son directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Si les actes extra-statutaires peuvent compl\u00e9ter ces statuts, ils ne peuvent y d\u00e9roger.\u201d A side letter, a board minute of the foreign parent, or an English \u201cscheme of delegation\u201d that contradicts the French bylaws does not rewrite them. Read the bylaws before you promise the bank a local signatory.<\/p>\n

Representation toward third parties is a different sentence. Article L. 227-6 of the Commercial Code<\/a> states: \u201cLa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des tiers par un pr\u00e9sident d\u00e9sign\u00e9 dans les conditions pr\u00e9vues par les statuts. Le pr\u00e9sident est investi des pouvoirs les plus \u00e9tendus pour agir en toute circonstance au nom de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans la limite de l’objet social.\u201d The same article then opens the door that foreign groups actually need: \u201cLes statuts peuvent pr\u00e9voir les conditions dans lesquelles une ou plusieurs personnes autres que le pr\u00e9sident, portant le titre de directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ou de directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9, peuvent exercer les pouvoirs confi\u00e9s \u00e0 ce dernier par le pr\u00e9sent article. Les dispositions statutaires limitant les pouvoirs du pr\u00e9sident sont inopposables aux tiers.\u201d A directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/em> (general manager, DG) or directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9<\/em> (deputy general manager, DGD) is therefore not a courtesy title. If the bylaws allow the appointment and the person is filed, that person exercises the statutory power to bind the company toward third parties. Internal caps (\u201cno lease above 50,000 euros without the parent\u2019s consent\u201d) do not protect the company against the bank or the landlord who did not know of them. Publication of the bylaws alone is not knowledge.<\/p>\n

The chambre mixte of the Cour de cassation, on 19 November 2010, pourvoi no. 10-30.215<\/a>, published in the Bulletin, refused the idea that only the pr\u00e9sident<\/em> or a statutory DG may ever sign. After quoting article L. 227-6, it held: \u201csi, selon le premier de ces textes, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9e \u00e0 l’\u00e9gard des tiers par son pr\u00e9sident et, si ses statuts le pr\u00e9voient, par un directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral ou un directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 dont la nomination est soumise \u00e0 publicit\u00e9, cette r\u00e8gle n’exclut pas la possibilit\u00e9, pour ces repr\u00e9sentants l\u00e9gaux, de d\u00e9l\u00e9guer le pouvoir d’effectuer des actes d\u00e9termin\u00e9s tel que celui d’engager ou de licencier les salari\u00e9s de l’entreprise.\u201d A limited d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de pouvoirs<\/em> (delegation of powers) for determined acts is therefore lawful even when you do not put the local manager on the Kbis as DG. The case was a dismissal letter signed by a sector head and a sales head. The court of appeal had annulled the dismissal because the signatories were not the pr\u00e9sident<\/em>. The chambre mixte quashed that reasoning. The bank that asks \u201cis he on the Kbis?\u201d is asking a practical question, not the only legal question.<\/p>\n

A SARL is built differently. Article L. 223-18 of the Commercial Code<\/a> requires the company to be managed by one or more natural persons: \u201cLa soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e est g\u00e9r\u00e9e par une ou plusieurs personnes physiques.\u201d A US corporation cannot be g\u00e9rant<\/em>. Toward third parties the g\u00e9rant<\/em> has the same wide power: \u201cDans les rapports avec les tiers, le g\u00e9rant est investi des pouvoirs les plus \u00e9tendus pour agir en toute circonstance au nom de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, sous r\u00e9serve des pouvoirs que la loi attribue express\u00e9ment aux associ\u00e9s.\u201d And: \u201cLes clauses statutaires limitant les pouvoirs des g\u00e9rants qui r\u00e9sultent du pr\u00e9sent article sont inopposables aux tiers.\u201d The commercial chamber repeated the inopposability rule on 9 January 2019, pourvoi no. 16-26.697<\/a>: \u201cen application de l’article L. 223-18 code de commerce, les clauses limitant les pouvoirs du g\u00e9rant sont inopposables aux tiers.\u201d If the foreign owner wants a second signatory inside a SARL, the clean statutory route is a second g\u00e9rant<\/em> appointed under the bylaws, not a private English power of attorney that the greffe has never seen. A private mandate remains possible, but it will not appear on the Kbis unless the person has the habitual power to bind the company and is declared as such.<\/p>\n

That declaration sits in the RCS rules. Article R. 123-54 of the Commercial Code<\/a> requires the company to declare, according to its form, the identity of \u201cG\u00e9rants, pr\u00e9sidents, directeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux, directeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9s, membres du directoire, pr\u00e9sident du directoire ou, le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant, directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral unique, associ\u00e9s et tiers ayant le pouvoir de diriger, g\u00e9rer ou engager \u00e0 titre habituel la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 avec l’indication, pour chacun d’eux lorsqu’il s’agit d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 commerciale, qu’ils engagent seuls ou conjointement la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 vis-\u00e0-vis des tiers.\u201d A one-off power to sign a single lease is not \u201c\u00e0 titre habituel\u201d (on a habitual basis). A standing authority to operate the bank account, hire, and sign supplier contracts is. The greffe and the bank read that line more strictly than group charts do. If the local manager signs every week, the honest filing is a DG, a DGD, a second g\u00e9rant<\/em>, or a person with habitual power, not a silent mandate kept in a drawer in Delaware.<\/p>\n

What cannot be delegated is equally concrete. The pr\u00e9sident<\/em> of a SAS remains the legal representative for the acts the law attaches to that office: the filing of accounts, the statement of insolvency, many tax and social declarations. A SARL g\u00e9rant<\/em> cannot hand the associates\u2019 reserved powers to an employee. A delegation that tries to empty the office \u2014 \u201cthe country manager shall have all powers of the pr\u00e9sident\u201d \u2014 is not a determined act in the sense of the 2010 chambre mixte decision. It is an attempt to appoint a DG without saying so, and without the publicity that article L. 227-6 attaches to that title. The INPI (Institut national de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle<\/em>) guichet unique<\/em> (the one-stop electronic counter that now carries RCS filings) will not invent a DG that the bylaws do not allow. The bank that has already refused a file because there is no French-resident director is asking a related but distinct question, treated in the guide on a French bank account refused where no director lives in France<\/a>.<\/p>\n

B. The two packages banks ask for: a Kbis appointment versus a limited power of attorney<\/h3>\n

In practice there are two files, and foreign groups mix them up. The first is a statutory appointment that the RCS will publish. The second is a civil-law mandate (mandat<\/em> or procuration<\/em>, a power of attorney) that binds the company only within its four corners, and only if the agent actually had the power or if the company later ratifies.<\/p>\n

The statutory package, for a SAS whose bylaws already provide for a DG or a DGD, is a corporate decision, a legal notice, and a filing. Infogreffe\u2019s formality guide, which still describes the greffe\u2019s documentary standard even though the filing itself now goes through the guichet unique, states that from 1 January 2025, under article 1 of law no. 2019-486, creation, amendment, striking-off and the filing of deeds at the RCS \u201cdoivent \u00eatre r\u00e9alis\u00e9es exclusivement sur le site guichet unique mis en \u0153uvre par l’INPI\u201d at formalites.entreprises.gouv.fr<\/a>. The prior steps it lists are an general meeting (assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale<\/em>) where the bylaws require one, and publication of a modification notice in a support for legal announcements (support d’annonces l\u00e9gales<\/em>), indicating the incoming and outgoing DG. The file must enclose a certified copy of the decision, proof of publication, and, for the new DG, a copy of a valid passport, national identity card or residence permit whose status allows RCS registration, plus an original sworn statement of non-conviction (d\u00e9claration sur l’honneur de non-condamnation<\/em>) with parentage, which the judge assigned to the RCS checks against the criminal record. Infogreffe quotes a registry tariff of 173.97 euros for that change. Those are greffe figures, not a lawyer\u2019s fee, and they move. The point for a foreign pr\u00e9sident is the calendar: a bank that wants \u201cthe new Kbis next week\u201d is asking for a decision, a notice, a complete INPI file and the greffe\u2019s processing time, not a PDF of an English board resolution.<\/p>\n

If the bylaws are silent on a DG, you cannot skip the amendment. Article L. 227-6 lets \u201cthe bylaws\u201d provide for persons other than the pr\u00e9sident. Until they do, the only statutory representative toward third parties is the pr\u00e9sident. Amending the bylaws of a SAS is a collective decision under the majority the bylaws fix, then a second legal notice and a second INPI filing. Groups that try to \u201cappoint a DG by parent resolution only\u201d collide with the 12 October 2022 holding: extra-statutory acts may complete the bylaws, they may not derogate from them. The cheaper-looking shortcut becomes a rejected file and a month lost.<\/p>\n

The private-mandate package is lighter on the RCS and heavier on proof. Article 1984 of the Civil Code<\/a> defines it without mystery: \u201cLe mandat ou procuration est un acte par lequel une personne donne \u00e0 une autre le pouvoir de faire quelque chose pour le mandant et en son nom. Le contrat ne se forme que par l’acceptation du mandataire.\u201d Article 1985<\/a> adds that the mandate \u201cpeut \u00eatre donn\u00e9 par acte authentique ou par acte sous seing priv\u00e9, m\u00eame par lettre. Il peut aussi \u00eatre donn\u00e9 verbalement\u201d, with the usual limits on oral proof. Acceptance may be tacit and result from performance. Article 1998<\/a> then allocates the risk: \u201cLe mandant est tenu d’ex\u00e9cuter les engagements contract\u00e9s par le mandataire, conform\u00e9ment au pouvoir qui lui a \u00e9t\u00e9 donn\u00e9. Il n’est tenu de ce qui a pu \u00eatre fait au-del\u00e0, qu’autant qu’il l’a ratifi\u00e9 express\u00e9ment ou tacitement.\u201d A power that lists the bank, the account, the maximum amount and the term is a mandate. A power that says \u201call powers to manage the French company\u201d is an invitation to a de facto-director debate and to a bank\u2019s compliance team to refuse it.<\/p>\n

French banks in Paris rarely accept a raw PDF emailed from abroad. They ask for an original or a certified copy, a signature that matches the pr\u00e9sident\u2019s passport, and, where the power was signed outside France, an apostille under the Hague Convention of 5 October 1961 or a consular legalisation, plus a sworn French translation (traduction asserment\u00e9e<\/em>) if the instrument is in English. The greffe will not put that private power on the Kbis. The bank may still operate on it for a named account, for a named maximum, for a named period. The landlord of a 3-6-9 commercial lease in Paris will often refuse anything short of a Kbis that names the signatory or a notarised power with apostille. The Tribunal de commerce de Paris and the greffe of Paris apply the same INPI channel as the rest of the country; the practical difference is volume and the bank\u2019s KYC (know-your-customer) template, which in \u00cele-de-France is written for a Kbis that already lists a natural person with power to bind.<\/p>\n

Choosing the package is a commercial decision with a legal floor. If the local manager will sign once \u2014 one lease, one acquisition, one tax election \u2014 a determined mandate, apostilled and translated, matches the 2010 chambre mixte formula (\u201cactes d\u00e9termin\u00e9s\u201d). If the same person will sign payroll, supplier contracts and the bank every week, article R. 123-54 is the floor: habitual power must be declared. Appointing a DG or a second g\u00e9rant<\/em> also changes social security. A remunerated DG of a SAS is in principle an assimil\u00e9 salari\u00e9<\/em> (treated as an employee for social security) of the general regime; an unpaid mandate can still trigger URSSAF (Union de recouvrement des cotisations de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale et d’allocations familiales<\/em>, the body that collects social contributions) questions. That cost is not a reason to hide a habitual signatory off the Kbis. It is a reason to budget the affiliation before the appointment letter goes out.<\/p>\n

For a SARL with a single foreign g\u00e9rant<\/em> who never comes to France, the options are narrower. You may appoint a second natural person as co-g\u00e9rant<\/em> if the bylaws allow it; each g\u00e9rant<\/em> then binds the company separately under article L. 223-18, and an objection by one is ineffective against third parties who did not know of it. You may issue a limited mandate. You may not install the US parent as g\u00e9rant<\/em>. You may not assume that a local \u201ccountry manager\u201d employment contract carries the power to bind the company. The employment contract organises subordination. The power to bind organises representation. Mixing the two is how a signature becomes a requalification file and a social-security bill.<\/p>\n

II. What happens when the signature is challenged, or the delegation backfires?<\/h2>\n

A. Apparent authority, a missing quality on the document, and how to contest a refusal<\/h3>\n

The document that the local manager signed is not void merely because the Kbis was silent. French law now states the apparent-authority rule in the Civil Code. Article 1156<\/a> provides: \u201cL’acte accompli par un repr\u00e9sentant sans pouvoir ou au-del\u00e0 de ses pouvoirs est inopposable au repr\u00e9sent\u00e9, sauf si le tiers contractant a l\u00e9gitimement cru en la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 des pouvoirs du repr\u00e9sentant, notamment en raison du comportement ou des d\u00e9clarations du repr\u00e9sent\u00e9. Lorsqu’il ignorait que l’acte \u00e9tait accompli par un repr\u00e9sentant sans pouvoir ou au-del\u00e0 de ses pouvoirs, le tiers contractant peut en invoquer la nullit\u00e9. L’inopposabilit\u00e9 comme la nullit\u00e9 de l’acte ne peuvent plus \u00eatre invoqu\u00e9es d\u00e8s lors que le repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 l’a ratifi\u00e9.\u201d The company can therefore be bound even without a valid mandate, if the counterparty\u2019s belief was legitimate in light of the company\u2019s own behaviour. The counterparty who did not know of the defect can ask for nullity. Ratification kills both arguments.<\/p>\n

The commercial chamber applied that logic to a SARL on 9 March 2022, pourvoi no. 19-25.704<\/a>. The company argued that only the g\u00e9rant<\/em> can bind a SARL and that the publicity of the appointment excludes apparent authority. The court answered: \u201cle seul fait que la nomination et la cessation des fonctions de g\u00e9rant de soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e soient soumises \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles de publicit\u00e9 l\u00e9gale ne suffit pas \u00e0 exclure qu’une telle soci\u00e9t\u00e9 puisse \u00eatre engag\u00e9e sur le fondement d’un mandat apparent.\u201d It then restated the test under articles 1985 and 1998: \u201cune personne peut \u00eatre engag\u00e9e sur le fondement d’un mandat apparent lorsque la croyance du tiers aux pouvoirs du pr\u00e9tendu mandataire a \u00e9t\u00e9 l\u00e9gitime, ce caract\u00e8re supposant que les circonstances autorisaient ce tiers \u00e0 ne pas v\u00e9rifier lesdits pouvoirs.\u201d In that case the employee was the only contact, wrote \u201cpour Cofimo\u201d, used \u201cnous\u201d, and received mail at the company\u2019s address. The court of appeal could find a legitimate belief. The foreign pr\u00e9sident who lets the local manager use the company letterhead, the company email and the words \u201cwe confirm\u201d without a written mandate is building the same file, whether or not the bank has seen a Kbis.<\/p>\n

The opposite defect is a document that does not even claim to be signed for the company. On 11 October 2023, pourvoi no. 22-12.946<\/a>, the commercial chamber, construing article L. 227-6, held: \u201cIl r\u00e9sulte de ce texte que le dirigeant d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 n’engage celle-ci que par les actes qu’il accomplit en qualit\u00e9 de mandataire social. A d\u00e9faut de mention de cette qualit\u00e9 dans l’acte, il appartient au tiers contractant de faire la preuve que le dirigeant a eu et manifest\u00e9 la volont\u00e9 d’agir au nom et pour le compte de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.\u201d A pr\u00e9sident who signs a termination letter, a settlement or a side letter in his own name, without stating the office, does not bind the SAS unless the counterparty proves the intention to act for the company. The local manager who signs \u201cJohn Smith\u201d with no title and no company name is in the same hole. The first drafting rule is therefore banal and decisive: name the company, name the office or the mandate, and attach the Kbis or the power.<\/p>\n

Contesting a bank refusal is a document exercise, not a speech. Ask the bank, in writing, which legal rule or internal policy it relies on, and whether it wants a Kbis that names a DG, a notarised power, or both. Put the current Kbis, the bylaws, the appointment decision or the power, the legal notice if any, and the signatory\u2019s identification in one PDF. If the greffe or the INPI has rejected a DG filing, the rejection letter will usually point to a missing non-conviction statement, a missing notice, a bylaw that does not allow a DG, or a residence permit that does not allow RCS registration. Fix that defect. Do not file the same pack twice. If the bank persists after a Kbis that names the signatory, the next step is the bank\u2019s complaints service and, where the relationship falls under the right to an account, the Banque de France path described for individuals; a company account is not the same statutory right, and the leverage is the completeness of the RCS file plus, if needed, a formal notice (mise en demeure<\/em>) before the Tribunal de commerce de Paris or the commercial court of the company\u2019s seat.<\/p>\n

If a contract has already been signed by someone without power, the foreign owner has three honest moves. Ratify under articles 1156 and 1998, in a dated instrument that identifies the act. Renegotiate and replace the signature with a person who has power. Or plead inopposability, knowing that article 1156 will not help if the company\u2019s own emails and letterhead fed the counterparty\u2019s belief. The group that stays silent while the local manager performs the contract is ratifying by performance. That is sometimes the right commercial outcome. It is a disaster if the act was a guarantee, a related-party transfer, or an admission in a tax or URSSAF audit.<\/p>\n

Paris and \u00cele-de-France add logistics, not a different Civil Code. The Tribunal de commerce de Paris, the greffe of Paris, and the INPI\u2019s processing of Paris files are the usual channel for companies seated in the capital. Nanterre, Bobigny, Cr\u00e9teil and \u00c9vry have their own commercial courts for the inner suburbs. Banks with a large international desk in Paris are used to apostilles and sworn translations; smaller branches often are not. Build the file as if the greffe and the bank will both read it. A power signed in New York on Friday is not an operational signature in Paris on Monday.<\/p>\n

B. Criminal liability, URSSAF and the de facto director trap if you keep deciding from abroad<\/h3>\n

A civil mandate does not wash the pr\u00e9sident<\/em> out of criminal or social-security exposure. French criminal case law on d\u00e9l\u00e9gation de pouvoirs<\/em> was built for workplace accidents and similar offences. It still governs the argument \u201cI had delegated, so I am no longer the offender.\u201d The criminal chamber of the Cour de cassation, on 6 January 2026, pourvoi no. 25-80.542<\/a>, left standing a court of appeal that had refused to treat a subcontracted delegation as effective. After noting insufficient means and a job description that did not match the delegated safety mission, the Court wrote: \u201cEn se d\u00e9terminant par des motifs dont il r\u00e9sulte que M. [E] \u00e9tait d\u00e9pourvu de la comp\u00e9tence, de l’autorit\u00e9 et des moyens n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 l’accomplissement de sa mission et que Mme [P] avait conserv\u00e9 son pouvoir de direction, la cour d’appel a justifi\u00e9 sa d\u00e9cision.\u201d Three conditions appear in that sentence: competence, authority, means. A fourth fact kills the delegation: the grantor kept the power of direction. A foreign pr\u00e9sident who \u201cdelegates\u201d health and safety, anti-corruption or URSSAF filings to a local manager, then continues to approve every hire and every invoice from abroad, has not delegated in the criminal sense. The local title on a business card is not a defence.<\/p>\n

Civil liability of SAS officers is borrowed from the soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anonyme. Article L. 227-8 of the Commercial Code<\/a> states: \u201cLes r\u00e8gles fixant la responsabilit\u00e9 des membres du conseil d’administration et du directoire des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s anonymes sont applicables au pr\u00e9sident et aux dirigeants de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 par actions simplifi\u00e9e.\u201d Article L. 225-251<\/a> then provides that directors and the directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u201csont responsables individuellement ou solidairement selon le cas, envers la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou envers les tiers, soit des infractions aux dispositions l\u00e9gislatives ou r\u00e9glementaires applicables aux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s anonymes, soit des violations des statuts, soit des fautes commises dans leur gestion.\u201d Appointing a DG does not erase the pr\u00e9sident\u2019s management fault. It adds another officer who can be sued for his own fault. The parent that wanted \u201csomeone local to sign, without anyone being liable\u201d is asking for a status French law does not sell.<\/p>\n

Criminal company-law offences follow the same mapping. Article L. 244-1 of the Commercial Code<\/a> applies articles L. 242-1 to L. 242-6, L. 242-8 and L. 242-17 to L. 242-24 to the SAS, and adds: \u201cLes peines pr\u00e9vues pour le pr\u00e9sident, les administrateurs ou les directeurs g\u00e9n\u00e9raux des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s anonymes sont applicables au pr\u00e9sident et aux dirigeants des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s par actions simplifi\u00e9es.\u201d Article L. 242-6<\/a> punishes, among other things, the pr\u00e9sident, directors or DGs of a SA who, in bad faith, make of the company\u2019s assets or credit \u201cun usage qu’ils savent contraire \u00e0 l’int\u00e9r\u00eat de celle-ci, \u00e0 des fins personnelles ou pour favoriser une autre soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ou entreprise dans laquelle ils sont int\u00e9ress\u00e9s directement ou indirectement\u201d \u2014 the misuse of company assets (abus de biens sociaux<\/em>). For a SARL, article L. 241-3<\/a> says the same of the g\u00e9rants<\/em>. Article L. 241-9<\/a> then extends those SARL offences \u201c\u00e0 toute personne qui, directement ou par personne interpos\u00e9e, aura, en fait, exerc\u00e9 la gestion d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e sous le couvert ou au lieu et place de son g\u00e9rant l\u00e9gal.\u201d A local manager who is \u201conly an employee\u201d on paper, but who in fact runs the SARL in place of the foreign g\u00e9rant<\/em>, can be pursued as if he were the legal manager. The foreign g\u00e9rant<\/em> who let that happen is not safer.<\/p>\n

That is the hinge with de facto management. A valid, limited, published delegation is the opposite of hidden management: it says who may sign, for which acts, and it puts the name on the Kbis or on a dated power. A standing practice in which the parent\u2019s CFO approves every payment, writes every email to the French bank, and treats the local manager as a mailbox, is the fact pattern of a dirigeant de fait<\/em> claim, developed in the guide on contesting de facto-director liability<\/a>. The two files are often opened together in an insolvency. The liquidator will ask who actually decided. A DG who had competence, authority and means, and who is on the Kbis, is an answer. A private English \u201cmatrix of authority\u201d that nobody in Paris has seen is not.<\/p>\n

URSSAF and the tax authorities still write to the legal representative. The DG\u2019s affiliation to the general regime, if he is paid, does not move the company\u2019s employer account. Missed DSN (d\u00e9claration sociale nominative<\/em>, the nominative social declaration) filings, unpaid contributions, and a constraint (contrainte<\/em>) served at the registered office will name the company and, in recovery, the representative on the Kbis. Delegating \u201cHR\u201d without giving the local manager a budget, access to the net-entreprises account and the power to pay is the 6 January 2026 fact pattern in social-security clothing: no means, no effective delegation, the grantor kept the direction. If the pr\u00e9sident is itself a foreign company, article L. 227-7 pulls the parent\u2019s own officers into the same civil and criminal conditions unless a permanent representative has been organised, as explained in the permanent-representative article<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Revocation is the last operational risk. Article 2003 of the Civil Code ends a mandate by revocation, renunciation, death, adult guardianship or insolvency of either party. A statutory DG of a SAS is revoked as the bylaws provide; the 12 October 2022 decision confirms that those bylaw rules cannot be rewritten by a side letter. Publish the cessation on the RCS with the same care as the appointment. A bank that still honours the signature of a revoked DG, and a counterparty who still has the old Kbis, will plead apparent authority under article 1156. The company that forgot to file the departure has fed that belief. The foreign pr\u00e9sident who flies in, signs a revocation, and leaves the Kbis unchanged for six weeks has not finished the job.<\/p>\n

Conclusion<\/h2>\n

French law does not require the pr\u00e9sident of a SAS to live in France, and it does not require every signature to be his. Article L. 227-6 lets the bylaws create a DG or a DGD who binds the company toward third parties; the chambre mixte of 19 November 2010 lets the legal representatives delegate determined acts even without that title; article R. 123-54 requires habitual power to be declared on the RCS. A SARL is stricter on who may be g\u00e9rant<\/em> and just as strict on inopposability of internal limits, as the commercial chamber recalled in 2019. The bank that refuses the local manager is usually asking for a Kbis line or a determined, apostilled mandate, not for a philosophical essay on group governance. The file that answers it is the bylaws, the appointment or the power, the legal notice, the INPI filing, and a signature block that states the company and the office. The file that fails is an English matrix, a silent country manager, and a pr\u00e9sident who still decides every payment from abroad. Apparent authority under article 1156 and the 9 March 2022 decision can then bind the company against its will; criminal delegation fails where competence, authority and means are missing and the grantor kept the direction, as the criminal chamber held on 6 January 2026. Before the next refusal letter, put the current Kbis, the bylaws and the instrument you thought was enough in front of a French lawyer, and decide whether the local person should be on the extract or only in a dated power.<\/p>\n

Need a quick opinion on your case.<\/h2>\n

Our firm offers a telephone consultation within 48 hours with an avocat of the cabinet, to read the Kbis, the bylaws, the bank\u2019s refusal and the instrument you used to give the local manager a signature.<\/p>\n

The discussion is built on your documents: the current extract, the appointment or power of attorney, any INPI or greffe rejection, and the contract or facility that has already been signed or refused.<\/p>\n

Call Ma\u00eetre Reda Kohen on +33 6 46 60 58 22<\/a> (06 46 60 58 22 in France) or use the firm\u2019s contact form<\/a>.<\/p>\n

The firm advises companies in Paris and \u00cele-de-France, including before the Tribunal de commerce de Paris and the commercial courts of the inner suburbs.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

When the bank or a landlord refuses the local manager’s signature, a foreign pr\u00e9sident of a French SAS can appoint a directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral on the Kbis or issue a limited power of attorney. Here is how the two routes differ, what the greffe will file, and who stays liable.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031309,"featured_media":16511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kj_source_type":"","_kj_official_id":"","_kj_official_url":"","_kj_judilibre_id":"","_kj_jur":"","_kj_lieu":"","_kj_chambre":"","_kj_rg":"","_kj_date":"","activitypub_content_warning":"","activitypub_content_visibility":"","activitypub_max_image_attachments":4,"activitypub_interaction_policy_quote":"anyone","activitypub_status":"federated","footnotes":""},"categories":[80314,80313],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2119536","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-decryptage","category-doing-business-in-france"],"yoast_head":"\nThe Bank Refuses Your Local Manager's Signature: How a Foreign President Delegates Powers in a French SAS or SARL - Ma\u00eetre Reda Kohen, Real Estate and Business Law Attorney in Paris<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/09\/11\/foreign-president-france-delegate-powers-local-manager-bank-signature\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Bank Refuses Your Local Manager's Signature: How a Foreign President Delegates Powers in a French SAS or SARL\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"When the bank or a landlord refuses the local manager's signature, a foreign pr\u00e9sident of a French SAS can appoint a directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral on the Kbis or issue a limited power of attorney. 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