{"id":2161389,"date":"2026-11-01T23:36:03","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161389"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:39:56","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:39:56","slug":"digital-law-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/digital-law-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital law lawyer in Paris"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161389\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161389 elementor-2160728\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd52a0 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7fd52a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b0043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"89b0043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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.chess-knight{top:295px;height:340px}\n.chess-hero{height:820px;margin-bottom:28px}\n}\n\n@media(min-width:651px){.chess-field{clip-path:none;border-radius:0;mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20650%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M38%2052H710Q740%2052%20740%2026Q740%200%20778%200H962Q1000%200%201000%2038V612Q1000%20650%20962%20650H38Q0%20650%200%20612V90Q0%2052%2038%2052Z%22\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");mask-size:100% 100%;mask-repeat:no-repeat}}\n\n\/* Groupes de pi\u00e8ces : cadrage large, texte d\u00e9gag\u00e9. *\/\n.chess-group .chess-preview .chess-knight{width:54%;right:0;height:580px;bottom:30px}\n@media(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:651px){.chess-group .chess-preview .chess-knight{width:52%;height:510px}}\n@media(max-width:650px){.chess-group .chess-preview .chess-knight{width:100%;right:0;top:310px;bottom:auto;height:320px}}\n\/* D\u00e9coupe initiale restaur\u00e9e : raccord concave arrondi, sans carte ajout\u00e9e. *\/\n@media(min-width:651px){\n .chess-intro{left:0;bottom:0;background:#f7f8f8;border-radius:0 35px 0 0;padding:30px 28px 25px 20px;max-width:36%}\n .chess-intro::before,.chess-intro::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:30px;height:30px;pointer-events:none;background:transparent}\n .chess-intro::before{left:0;top:-30px;border-radius:0 0 0 30px;box-shadow:0 15px 0 0 #f7f8f8}\n .chess-intro::after{right:-30px;bottom:0;border-radius:0 0 0 30px;box-shadow:0 15px 0 0 #f7f8f8}\n .chess-heading{top:115px}\n}\n@media(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:651px){.chess-intro{max-width:43%}.chess-heading{top:145px}}\n@media(min-width:651px){\n .chess-intro::before,.chess-intro::after{border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;background:radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0,transparent 29.5px,#f7f8f8 30px)}\n}\n\/* Raccords concaves : carr\u00e9 de masque complet, sans bord ext\u00e9rieur parasite. *\/\n@media(min-width:651px){\n .chess-intro::before,.chess-intro::after{\n  width:32px;height:32px;\n  background:radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0,transparent 31.5px,#f7f8f8 32px);\n }\n .chess-intro::before{top:-32px;left:0}\n .chess-intro::after{right:-32px;bottom:0}\n}\n\/* Raccord progressif entre la landing et les domaines d\u2019intervention. *\/\nbody:has(.chess-preview) .elementor-754 > .elementor-element-4fdc5e4{\n background:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 190px) !important;\n}\n\n\/* Transition du blanc du menu vers le gris de la landing. *\/\n.chess-preview{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 120px)!important}\n\n\/* Proposition B \u2014 composition d\u00e9cal\u00e9e. Header et charte partag\u00e9s inchang\u00e9s. *\/\n@media (max-width:650px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-hero {\n    height:650px;\n    margin-bottom:12px;\n    overflow:visible;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-heading {\n    inset:0 auto auto 8px;\n    width:calc(100% - 16px);\n    max-width:none;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-heading h1 {\n    font-family:Lato,Arial,sans-serif!important;\n    font-weight:900!important;\n    font-size:clamp(43px,13.4vw,56px)!important;\n    line-height:.97!important;\n    letter-spacing:-.045em!important;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-title-paris {\n    margin-top:0;\n    font-size:1em;\n    letter-spacing:-.045em;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto {\n    width:115px;\n    margin:37px 0 0;\n    font-size:14px;\n    line-height:1.9;\n    letter-spacing:.015em;\n  }\n  \/* Un seul fond : la d\u00e9coupe porte sur son alpha, jamais sur le d\u00e9grad\u00e9. *\/\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field {\n    inset:229px 0 155px 0;\n    border-radius:0;\n    clip-path:none;\n    background:linear-gradient(155deg,#e8f0f9,#d6e6f4 60%,#e7eaf2);\n    -webkit-mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20304%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M555%200H930Q1000%200%201000%2024V277Q1000%20304%20921%20304H73Q0%20304%200%20279V191Q0%20166%2073%20166H288Q370%20166%20370%20138V64Q370%200%20555%200Z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");\n    mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20304%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M555%200H930Q1000%200%201000%2024V277Q1000%20304%20921%20304H73Q0%20304%200%20279V191Q0%20166%2073%20166H288Q370%20166%20370%20138V64Q370%200%20555%200Z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");\n    -webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;\n    mask-size:100% 100%;\n    -webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;\n    mask-repeat:no-repeat;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field::before,\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field::after {\n    content:none;\n    display:none;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight {\n    top:193px;\n    bottom:auto;\n    right:-7px;\n    width:66%;\n    height:302px;\n    object-fit:contain;\n    object-position:center bottom;\n    filter:drop-shadow(7px 16px 13px #243d6225);\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro {\n    top:511px;\n    bottom:auto;\n    left:8px;\n    width:calc(100% - 16px);\n    max-width:none;\n    padding:0;\n    border-radius:0;\n    background:transparent;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro::before,\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro::after { display:none; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro-label {\n    font-size:9px;\n    letter-spacing:.15em;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro p {\n    max-width:320px;\n    margin:9px 0 19px;\n    font-size:13px;\n    line-height:1.5;\n  }\n}\n@media (min-width:480px) and (max-width:650px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto { margin-top:25px; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight { width:60%;height:300px;top:195px; }\n}\n@media (max-width:360px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto { width:100px;font-size:12px;line-height:2.1; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight { width:64%; }\n}\n\n\/* Trois placements locaux : typo, image, contours et CTA de B conserv\u00e9s. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n .mobile-study-b1{--title-shift:12px;--motto-top:238px}\n .mobile-study-b2{--title-shift:20px;--motto-top:258px}\n .mobile-study-b3{--title-shift:28px;--motto-top:278px}\n .mobile-study-b1 .chess-heading,.mobile-study-b2 .chess-heading,.mobile-study-b3 .chess-heading{top:var(--title-shift)}\n .mobile-study-b1 .chess-motto,.mobile-study-b2 .chess-motto,.mobile-study-b3 .chess-motto{position:absolute;top:calc(var(--motto-top) - var(--title-shift));left:0;margin:0}\n}\n\/* B2 valid\u00e9e : r\u00e9server toute la hauteur du CTA et de son halo. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n .mobile-study-b2 .chess-hero{height:700px}\n .mobile-study-b2 .chess-field{bottom:auto;height:266px}\n}\n\n\/* \u00c9tudes mobiles uniquement ; menu et logo natifs, disposition plus compacte. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-location-header{height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo{position:relative!important;top:auto!important;left:auto!important;width:100%!important;height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important;padding:0 20px!important;margin:0!important;display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:1fr auto!important;grid-template-rows:72px 32px!important;gap:0!important;align-items:center!important;background:linear-gradient(#fff,#f7f8f8)!important;backdrop-filter:none!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-26e7aca4{display:flex!important;visibility:visible!important;grid-area:1\/1;min-height:0!important;width:110px!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b{width:105px!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b img{width:105px!important;height:62px!important;object-fit:contain!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-7f9425b9{display:contents!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-68cc9a0{grid-area:2\/1\/3\/3;width:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls{width:100%!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls ul{display:flex!important;justify-content:center!important;gap:11px!important;align-items:center!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls li{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls a{padding:4px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls img{width:16px!important;height:11px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485{grid-area:1\/2;width:auto!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485 a{display:grid!important;place-items:center!important;width:43px!important;height:43px!important;padding:0!important;border-radius:14px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485 svg{width:22px!important;height:22px!important}\n .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding:28px 16px 0!important;background:#f7f8f8!important;display:flow-root}\n .mobile-study .chess-knight{max-width:none}\n .mobile-study .chess-cta{max-width:calc(100vw - 64px)!important}\n .mobile-study .chess-intro-label{color:#6b747c}\n .mobile-study .chess-intro p{color:#40464a}\n}\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .navo.elementor-sticky__spacer{display:none!important}}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{visibility:visible!important;opacity:1!important;animation:none!important;transform:none!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-wrapper,body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-widget{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-widget>.elementor-widget-container{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{display:flow-root}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(45px,5.2vw,80px)!important;line-height:1!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading{top:112px;max-width:54%}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-knight{width:48%;height:640px;right:3%;bottom:0;top:auto;object-fit:contain}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-motto{font-size:clamp(16px,1.6vw,25px)}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) #fr-contact-form{scroll-margin-top:110px}\n@media(max-width:650px){\n body:has(.fr-chess) [data-elementor-type=\"header\"]{height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading{top:20px;max-width:none}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(37px,11.9vw,50px)!important;line-height:.97!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-knight{top:193px;bottom:auto;right:-7px;width:66%;height:302px}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-motto{font-size:12px;width:120px;line-height:2.1;top:238px}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-intro{max-width:none}\n}\n@media(min-width:651px){\nbody:has(.fr-chess) [data-elementor-type=\"header\"]{height:80px!important;min-height:80px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{height:80px!important;padding:0 32px!important;background:linear-gradient(#fff,#f7f8f8)!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-26e7aca4{width:125px!important;min-width:125px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b{width:110px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b img{width:110px!important;height:65px!important;object-fit:contain!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{padding-top:30px}\n}\n\/* Le header natif FR est hors flux : r\u00e9server sa hauteur dans chaque copie. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:138px!important}}\n@media(min-width:651px){body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{padding-top:80px!important}}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-invisible{visibility:visible!important;opacity:1!important;animation:none!important}\n\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess):not(.home) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:28px!important}}\n@media(min-width:651px){body:has(.fr-chess):not(.home) .fr-chess{padding-top:0!important}}\n\/* Contenir les carrousels et le footer copi\u00e9s dans la largeur de pr\u00e9visualisation. *\/\n\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-inner{min-width:0!important;max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-wrap{min-width:0!important;max-width:100%!important}}\n\/* Raccord menu blanc vers fond gris, sans bande de couleur \u00e0 la jonction. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-text,body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-form{min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-title,body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-title-main{white-space:normal!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere}}@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .hk-footer-avocat{max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .hk-footer-avocat img{max-width:100%!important}}body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7817ac8,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7f97ff5,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-62048c2{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px)!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-da753e9{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px),linear-gradient(180deg,#f5f4f8 0%,#e4eef9 100%)!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .navo{background:#fff!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 130px)!important}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-b8c5a8a,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-5abe9b0,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-6667b04,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-b003989,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-990a523,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-c9f42ee,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-263bc05,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-6cc331c{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{background:#fff!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 130px)!important}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.home:has(.fr-chess) #content{padding-top:0!important}body.home:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:138px!important}body:not(.home):has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:28px!important}}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#fff 110px,#f7f8f8 230px)!important}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.fr-hero-visible .kohen-avis-floating{visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important}}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7fd52a0,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-89b0043{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-dd1953d{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px)!important}\nbody.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(42px,4.8vw,74px)!important}\nbody.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-knight{width:53%;height:530px;bottom:30px;right:0;object-fit:contain}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(35px,10.8vw,47px)!important}body.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-knight{top:265px;height:230px;width:85%;right:0;bottom:auto}}\n<\/style><div class=\"chess-preview fr-chess mobile-study mobile-study-b mobile-study-b2\">\n<section aria-labelledby=\"chess-title\" class=\"chess-hero\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chess-field\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"chess-heading\"><h1 id=\"chess-title\"><span class=\"chess-title-back\">Digital<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-front\">law<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-front\">lawyer<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-paris\">in Paris<\/span>\n<\/h1><p class=\"chess-motto\">Sell. <span>Contract.<\/span> Defend.<\/p><\/div>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Chess knight open on black pieces, an image of the strategy of an online business\" class=\"chess-knight\" fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/kohen-fr-affaires-hero.webp\"\/>\n<div class=\"chess-intro\"><span class=\"chess-intro-label\">YOUR ONLINE BUSINESS.<\/span><p>Website, online shop, platform, service provider, customer data: tell our digital law lawyer in Paris about your company\u2019s situation.<\/p><a class=\"chess-cta\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"chess-cta-icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect height=\"14\" rx=\"2\" width=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"5\"><\/rect><path d=\"m3 6 9 7 9-7\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"chess-cta-text\">Go to the form<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><script id=\"fr-hero-widgets-20260920\">(()=>{const h=document.querySelector('.fr-chess');if(!h||!('IntersectionObserver' in window))return;const mq=matchMedia('(max-width:650px)');let inside=true;const sync=()=>document.body.classList.toggle('fr-hero-visible',mq.matches&&inside);new IntersectionObserver(e=>{inside=e[0].isIntersecting;sync()},{threshold:0}).observe(h);mq.addEventListener('change',sync);sync()})();<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a5f3c09 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a5f3c09\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8e4d1a elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b8e4d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- Bandeau \u00ab Ils parlent de nous \u00bb (2026-10-04) -->\n<section class=\"knp\" aria-labelledby=\"knp-titre\">\n<style>\n    section.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:129s}@media (max-width:600px){section.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:93s}}\n    .elementor 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4px;padding:0 24px;text-align:center;line-height:1}.knp a.knp__videos{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 18px 9px 14px;border:1px solid #CFDEF0;border-radius:999px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#E6EEF8 100%);color:#1F4FA8;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.01em;line-height:1.2;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.knp a.knp__videos svg{flex:0 0 auto;display:block}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#DCEAFB 100%);border-color:#1F4FA8;color:#1F4FA8;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(31,79,168,.14);transform:translateY(-1px)}.knp a.knp__videos:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #1F4FA8;outline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;column-gap:14px}.kcv-press.knp>.kcv-press-t,.kcv-press.knp>.knp__watchlink{flex:0 0 auto}.kcv-press.knp>.knp__piste{flex:0 0 100%}.kcv-press.knp p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"View the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">View the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"knp__piste\">\n<ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\">\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/le-point.svg\" alt=\"Le Point\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-figaro\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Figaro Immobilier: see the 3 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/le-figaro.svg\" alt=\"Le Figaro\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"liberation\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Lib\u00e9ration: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/liberation.svg\" alt=\"Lib\u00e9ration\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"les-echos\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Les Echos: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/les-echos.svg\" alt=\"Les Echos\" style=\"--h:23px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"20-minutes\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"20 Minutes: see the 12 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/20-minutes.svg\" alt=\"20 Minutes\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"ouest-france\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Ouest-France: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/ouest-france.svg\" alt=\"Ouest-France\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"franceinfo\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"franceinfo: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/franceinfo.svg\" alt=\"franceinfo\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"actu-fr\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"actu.fr: see the 3 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/actu-fr.svg\" alt=\"actu.fr\" style=\"--h:26px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"marie-claire\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Marie Claire: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/marie-claire.svg\" alt=\"Marie Claire\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"femme-actuelle\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Femme Actuelle: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/femme-actuelle.svg\" alt=\"Femme Actuelle\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"psychologies\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Psychologies: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/psychologies.svg\" alt=\"Psychologies\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"wikipedia\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Wikipedia: view the 4 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/wikipedia.svg\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"data-gouv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"data.gouv.fr: view the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/data-gouv.svg\" alt=\"data.gouv.fr\" style=\"--h:26px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"leboncoin\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Leboncoin: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/leboncoin.svg\" alt=\"Leboncoin\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"pappers\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Pappers: view the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/pappers.svg\" alt=\"Pappers\" style=\"--h:25px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"laforet\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Lafor\u00eat Montesson: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/laforet.svg\" alt=\"Lafor\u00eat\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"economie-matin\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"\u00c9conomie Matin: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/economie-matin.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c9conomie Matin\" style=\"--h:24px;mix-blend-mode:multiply\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/lexbase.png\" alt=\"Lexbase\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"awwwards\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Awwwards: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/awwwards.svg\" alt=\"Awwwards\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"la-voix-du-nord\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"La Voix du Nord: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/la-voix-du-nord.svg\" alt=\"La Voix du Nord\" style=\"--h:17px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"sortir-a-paris\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/sortir-a-paris.png\" alt=\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\" style=\"--h:40px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"science-et-vie\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Science &amp; Vie: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/science-et-vie.svg\" alt=\"Science &amp; Vie\" style=\"--h:22px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"frandroid\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Frandroid: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/frandroid.svg\" alt=\"Frandroid\" style=\"--h:15px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"magicmaman\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Magicmaman: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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d\u00e9noncent le \u00ab pi\u00e8ge de l'indivision \u00bb qui se referme sur les victimes de divorces tr\u00e8s conflictuels\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/immobilier.lefigaro.fr\/article\/elles-denoncent-le-piege-de-l-indivision-qui-se-referme-sur-les-victimes-de-divorces-tres-conflictuels-20260728\",\"citation\":\"Tant que le pr\u00eat n'est pas rembours\u00e9, ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 ou d\u00e9solidaris\u00e9 avec l'accord de la banque, l'engagement bancaire continue.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"},{\"titre\":\"Sa maison est fissur\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de la s\u00e9cheresse, la justice le rend responsable\",\"date\":\"2026-06-18\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/immobilier.lefigaro.fr\/article\/sa-maison-est-fissuree-a-cause-de-la-secheresse-la-justice-le-rend-responsable-20260618\",\"citation\":\"C'est \u00e0 l'assur\u00e9, demandeur \u00e0 l'indemnisation, de rapporter la preuve qu'il a satisfait \u00e0 cette obligation ou que de telles mesures \u00e9taient 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conseille sur son site Internet de proc\u00e9der avec m\u00e9thode en l'absence de mesures suffisantes face \u00e0 une forte chaleur.\",\"auteur\":\"Les Echos\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"ouest-france\":{\"nom\":\"Ouest-France\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Elle a laiss\u00e9 son fils b\u00e2tir sa maison au fond de son terrain, sans rien signer chez le notaire : 20 ans plus tard, \u00e0 la succession, la maison n'\u00e9tait pas \u00e0 lui\",\"date\":\"2026-10-06\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pause-maison.ouest-france.fr\/elle-a-laisse-son-fils-batir-sa-maison-au-fond-de-son-terrain-sans-rien-signer-chez-le-notaire-20-ans-plus-tard-a-la-succession-la-maison-n-etait-pas-a-lui\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, cinq informations doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9unies avant toute analyse.\",\"auteur\":\"Pause Maison, Ouest-France\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Auchan devient Lidl : ce que change (ou pas) votre cr\u00e9dit Oney en 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Kohen\"},{\"titre\":\"\u00ab Pour renouer le dialogue c'est rat\u00e9 \u00bb : le sermon du pr\u00e9fet des Hauts-de-Seine aux parents d'\u00e9l\u00e8ves casseurs ne passe pas\",\"date\":\"2026-10-06\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/actu.fr\/ile-de-france\/nanterre_92050\/pour-renouer-le-dialogue-c-est-rate-le-sermon-du-prefet-des-hauts-de-seine-aux-parents-d-eleves-casseurs-ne-passe-pas_64886890.html\",\"citation\":\"Aucun texte ne donne au pr\u00e9fet le pouvoir de convoquer les parents d'un mineur.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Reda Kohen\"},{\"titre\":\"C\u00e9dric Jubillar surpris en plein acte sexuel au parloir : que dit vraiment la loi et ce qu'il risque\",\"date\":\"2026-09-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/actu.fr\/societe\/cedric-jubillar-surpris-en-plein-acte-sexuel-au-parloir-que-dit-vraiment-la-loi-et-ce-qu-il-risque_64844675.html\",\"citation\":\"Un confinement ou une mise en cellule disciplinaire de plusieurs jours, parfois assortie du sursis.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"marie-claire\":{\"nom\":\"Marie Claire\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Des plafonds de 31 et 62 jours : tout comprendre \u00e0 la nouvelle r\u00e9forme des arr\u00eats de travail\",\"date\":\"2026-09-01\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.marieclaire.fr\/reforme-arret-de-travail-septembre-2026-plafonds-droits-salaries,1519083.asp\",\"citation\":\"Pour une pathologie longue, l'arr\u00eat initial sera suivi de prolongations successives, chacune r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9e par le praticien.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"psychologies\":{\"nom\":\"Psychologies\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Ce changement dans la loi sur le consentement pourrait tout changer pour les victimes de viol, et voici pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2025-06-18\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.psychologies.com\/actualites\/societe\/changement-loi-consentement-pourrait-tout-changer-victimes-viol-604168\",\"citation\":\"[\u2026] la charge de la preuve incombe \u00e0 l'accusation, et le doute doit syst\u00e9matiquement profiter 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fra\u00eechement isol\u00e9s juste pour y faire entrer la lumi\u00e8re : un an plus tard, c\u2019est la mairie qui a tout recompt\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-10-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/maison.20minutes.fr\/mm151832-jai-fait-percer-le-toit-de-mes-combles-fraichement-isoles-juste-pour-y-faire-entrer-la-lumiere-un-an-plus-tard-cest-la-mairie-qui-a-tout-recompte\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"20 Minutes\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"wikipedia\":{\"nom\":\"Wikip\u00e9dia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Rupture conventionnelle du contrat de travail\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rupture_conventionnelle_du_contrat_de_travail\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet y est cit\u00e9 en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence : \u00ab La rupture conventionnelle \u00e0 l'\u00e9preuve de la loi du 11 juin 2026 : l'inflexion d'un dispositif entre libert\u00e9 contractuelle et ma\u00eetrise des deniers publics 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse ?\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/produits-android\/maison-connectee\/climatiseur\/3196305_goutte-a-goutte-et-inondation-que-faire-quand-la-climatisation-du-voisin-ruine-votre-terrasse\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 la grille de lecture juridique publi\u00e9e par le cabinet sur les condensats de climatisation en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"magicmaman\":{\"nom\":\"Magicmaman\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Vous vivez en immeuble et vous n\u2019avez toujours pas de chauffage cet automne ? Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"selectra\":{\"nom\":\"Selectra\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Reflet des panneaux solaires du voisin : l\u2019argument qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait condamner un propri\u00e9taire \u00e0 les retirer\",\"date\":\"2026-09-24\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/selectra.info\/energie\/actualites\/marche\/panneaux-solaires-voisin-eblouissement\",\"citation\":\"Sur l\u2019arr\u00eat de la cour d\u2019appel de N\u00eemes du 3 avril 2025 (n\u00b0 22\/02456), l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"Selectra\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. Chi vende picconi decide di comprare la miniera\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/startupitalia.eu\/tech\/tredici-miliardi-per-unazienda-sconosciuta-ecco-su-cosa-si-basa-la-scommessa-di-nvidia-con-hugging-face\/\",\"citation\":\"Come ha ricostruito l\u2019avvocato parigino Reda Kohen, la competenza di Bruxelles non dipende dal prezzo ma dai fatturati delle parti.\",\"auteur\":\"StartupItalia\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"beincrypto\":{\"nom\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Wants to Tax Crypto Holders Before They Sell\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/beincrypto.com\/france-crypto-exit-tax-unsold-gains\/\",\"citation\":\"Left-wing deputy Nicolas Sansu filed it with 16 co-signers, and the National Assembly\u2019s finance committee adopted it on October 8, according to a Paris law firm.\",\"auteur\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"kucoin\":{\"nom\":\"KuCoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Proposes Exit Tax on Crypto Holders with Over \u20ac800,000 in Unrealized Gains\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.kucoin.com\/news\/flash\/france-proposes-exit-tax-on-crypto-holders-with-over-800-000-in-unrealized-gains\",\"citation\":\"Left-wing deputy Nicolas Sansu filed it with 16 co-signers, and the National Assembly\u2019s finance committee adopted it on October 8, according to a Paris law firm.\",\"auteur\":\"KuCoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"finst\":{\"nom\":\"Finst\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Wants to Tax Crypto Before You Sell\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/news.finst.com\/en\/articles\/france-wants-to-tax-crypto-before-sale\",\"citation\":\"According to a Paris law firm, the National Assembly's finance committee approved the plan on October 8.\",\"auteur\":\"Finst\",\"paraphrase\":true}]}}<\/script>\n<script nowprocket data-no-optimize=\"1\" data-no-defer=\"1\">\n(function(){\nvar EN=!\/^fr\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang||'fr');\nvar 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style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">GDPR FOR SMEs<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/cnil-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-67-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-67-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-67-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1400\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for CNIL inspections and sanctions Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">CNIL INSPECTIONS AND SANCTIONS<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/dpo-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-70-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-70-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-70-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for outsourced DPO Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">OUTSOURCED DPO<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/information-technology-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-76-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-76-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-76-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for SMEs and IT service providers Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">SMEs AND IT SERVICE PROVIDERS<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-contract-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-82-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-82-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-82-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1073\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for IT contracts Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">IT CONTRACTS<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-litigation-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-01-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-01-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-01-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1131\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for IT disputes Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">IT DISPUTES<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/cybersecurity-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-09-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-09-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-09-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1037\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for SME cybersecurity Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">SME CYBERSECURITY<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/e-commerce-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-11-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-11-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-11-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"800\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for e-commerce Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">E-COMMERCE<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n        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           <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/dropshipping-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-22-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-22-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-22-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1133\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for dropshipping Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">DROPSHIPPING<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/artificial-intelligence-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-27-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-27-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-27-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1422\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for artificial intelligence Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/mobile-app-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-36-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-36-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-36-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1062\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for mobile apps Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            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style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">BRAND AND INFLUENCER<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n#slider-contentieux-seo {\n    position: relative;\n    width: 100%;\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding-bottom: 20px;\n    background: transparent;\n    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif !important;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo * {\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .opt-section-header {\n    text-align: center;\n    padding: 30px 20px 40px 20px;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .opt-section-header h2 {\n    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif !important;\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\n    font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 30px) !important;\n    color: 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knp-defile{from{transform:translateX(0)}to{transform:translateX(-50%)}}\n.kccm .kcv{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; color:#1D1D1F; width:100%; overflow-x:clip; -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased; }\n.kccm .kcv *{ box-sizing:border-box; }\n.kccm .kcv a{ color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-in{ max-width:1240px; margin:0 auto; padding:0 20px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kk{ font-size:12px; font-weight:700; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.14em; color:#E09019; margin:0 0 14px; }\n.kccm .kcv h1 em,.kccm .kcv h2 em{ font-style:italic; font-weight:600; color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv-head{ text-align:center; max-width:920px; margin:0 auto; }\n.kccm .kcv h1{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-weight:900; font-size:clamp(34px,5.4vw,66px); line-height:1.03; letter-spacing:-.034em; margin:0 auto 18px; color:#1D1D1F; text-wrap:balance; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-tail{ display:block; font-weight:300; font-size:.44em; letter-spacing:-.01em; line-height:1.3; color:#3A4A5E; margin-top:14px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-sub{ font-size:18px; line-height:1.65; color:#3A4A5E; max-width:720px; margin:0 auto 28px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-urg{ font-size:14px; color:#5a6275; margin:18px auto 0; }\n.kccm .kcv-btns{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:18px; justify-content:center; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb{ position:relative; isolation:isolate; display:inline-flex; align-items:center; gap:14px; height:64px; padding:7px 26px 7px 8px; border-radius:999px; text-decoration:none !important; color:#16191E !important; font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.15; text-align:left;\n  background:conic-gradient(from 280deg,#F5F7FA 0deg,#CCD7E4 40deg,#FFFFFF 80deg,#F6DFB3 85deg,#D4E8FC 92deg,#E0E5ED 150deg,#BACDDE 185deg,#FFFFFF 202deg,#F3E6C8 206deg,#CCEBF1 211deg,#EDF2F8 270deg,#C2D5E7 320deg,#FFFFFF 338deg,#F5F7FA 360deg);\n  box-shadow:0 2px 2px rgba(255,255,255,.53), inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(190,196,211,.4), 0 12px 18px -5px rgba(24,35,57,.27); transition:transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:-7px; border-radius:inherit; border:1px solid rgba(136,141,148,.18); box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.6), inset 0 -2px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.47), 0 1px 2px rgba(61,66,67,.17); background:transparent; z-index:-2; pointer-events:none; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb::after{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:2.7px; border-radius:inherit; z-index:-1; background:radial-gradient(at 35% 0%, rgba(255,255,255,.72), transparent 64%), linear-gradient(180deg,#E9E9E9,#DEDEE0 65%,#E7E7E9); box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px #FFFFFF, inset 0 -1px 2px #C1C3CA; pointer-events:none; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb:hover{ transform:translateY(-1px); box-shadow:0 2px 2px rgba(255,255,255,.53), 0 15px 22px -6px rgba(24,35,57,.33); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-orb{ position:relative; isolation:isolate; display:grid; place-items:center; flex:0 0 48px; width:48px; height:48px; border-radius:50%; color:#FFFFFF; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-orb svg{ position:relative; z-index:3; width:24px; height:24px; filter:drop-shadow(0 1px 1px rgba(0,30,60,.55)); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-orb::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:0; border-radius:50%; z-index:0; opacity:.22; pointer-events:none; animation:kcv-flow 11s linear infinite; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-orb::after{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:-2px; border-radius:50%; z-index:-1; pointer-events:none; animation:kcv-wave 3.5s ease-out infinite; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-tel .kcv-fb-orb{ background:radial-gradient(at 30% 15%, rgba(206,255,223,.4), transparent 45%), linear-gradient(145deg,#25D366,#128C4A); border:1px solid #A5EDBE; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 3px #DDFFE8, 0 0 16px rgba(37,211,102,.47); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-tel .kcv-fb-orb::before{ background:repeating-conic-gradient(from 35deg, transparent 0deg, #79F5A5 18deg, transparent 29deg, transparent 80deg, #BAFBD1 92deg, transparent 106deg); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-tel .kcv-fb-orb::after{ border:1px solid #25D366; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-mail .kcv-fb-orb{ background:radial-gradient(at 30% 15%, rgba(214,232,255,.45), transparent 45%), linear-gradient(145deg,#3D86F5,#1F4FA8); border:1px solid #A9C8F5; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 3px #DDEBFF, 0 0 16px rgba(46,107,216,.45); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-mail .kcv-fb-orb::before{ background:repeating-conic-gradient(from 35deg, transparent 0deg, #8EB8FF 18deg, transparent 29deg, transparent 80deg, #C9DEFF 92deg, transparent 106deg); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-mail .kcv-fb-orb::after{ border:1px solid #2E6BD8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-txt{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:3px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb-n{ font-size:12.5px; font-weight:400; color:#4A5568; letter-spacing:.01em; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb:active .kcv-fb-orb{ transform:scale(.96); }\n@keyframes kcv-flow{ to { transform:rotate(360deg); } }\n@keyframes kcv-wave{ 0% { transform:scale(1); opacity:.7; } 80%,100% { transform:scale(1.45); opacity:0; } }\n.kccm .kcv-media{ position:absolute; inset:0; z-index:-1; display:block; background:#DCEAFB var(--kcv-img) 100% 60% \/ cover no-repeat; }\n@media (max-width:760px){.kccm .kcv-media{ background-image:var(--kcv-img-m); background-position:80% 60%; bottom:auto; height:170px; }}\n.kccm .kcv-media img{ width:100%; height:100%; object-fit:cover; object-position:100% 60%; display:block; border-radius:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-glass{ background:linear-gradient(145deg,rgba(255,255,255,.70) 0%,rgba(255,255,255,.48) 100%); -webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(18px) saturate(170%); backdrop-filter:blur(18px) saturate(170%); border:1px solid rgba(255,255,255,.8); box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.95), inset 0 -1px 0 rgba(255,255,255,.35), 0 24px 60px rgba(16,32,64,.16); }\n@supports not ((backdrop-filter:blur(2px)) or (-webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(2px))){.kccm .kcv-glass{ background:rgba(255,255,255,.95); }}\n.kccm .kcv-chip{ border-radius:20px; padding:14px 18px; display:flex; align-items:center; gap:12px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip p{ margin:0; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-n{ font-size:30px; font-weight:900; letter-spacing:-.03em; line-height:1; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-x{ font-size:12.5px; line-height:1.35; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-press-t{ margin:0 0 2px; text-align:center; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.16em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#5a6275; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-press-t em{ font-style:normal; color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv-tabs{ padding:96px 0 56px; background:\n  radial-gradient(900px 420px at 88% 10%, rgba(46,107,216,.08), transparent 65%),\n  radial-gradient(800px 420px at 8% 60%, rgba(224,144,25,.06), transparent 65%),\n  linear-gradient(180deg,#EEF3FA 0%,#F5F8FC 48%,#FFFFFF 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-tabs-head{ text-align:center; max-width:900px; margin:0 auto; }\n.kccm .kcv h2{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-weight:400; font-size:36px; line-height:1.14; letter-spacing:-.022em; color:#1D1D1F; margin:0 0 14px; }\n.kccm .kcv-bar{ display:flex; justify-content:center; margin:30px 0 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-chips{ display:inline-flex; gap:4px; padding:6px; max-width:100%; overflow-x:auto; scrollbar-width:none; background:rgba(255,255,255,.6); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:999px; -webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(10px); backdrop-filter:blur(10px); box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF; }\n.kccm .kcv-chips::-webkit-scrollbar{ display:none; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t{ flex:none; font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-weight:600; line-height:1; color:#5a6275 !important; background:transparent !important; border:0 !important; border-radius:999px !important; padding:13px 20px !important; min-height:0; white-space:nowrap; cursor:pointer; box-shadow:none; transition:background .25s ease, color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease; text-transform:none; letter-spacing:0; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t:hover{ color:#1D1D1F !important; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t.on{ background:#FFFFFF !important; color:#1D1D1F !important; box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(16,32,64,.10) !important; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t:focus-visible{ outline:2px solid #2E6BD8; outline-offset:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide{ background:rgba(255,255,255,.86); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:30px; padding:52px 64px; box-shadow:0 24px 60px rgba(16,32,64,.07); scroll-margin-top:110px; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide + .kcv-slide{ margin-top:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv.js .kcv-slide + .kcv-slide{ margin-top:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide[hidden]{ display:none !important; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide > .kk,.kccm .kcv-slide > h2,.kccm .kcv-slide > .kcv-lead{ text-align:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide > h2{ margin-bottom:16px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-lead{ font-size:18px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; max-width:780px; margin:0 auto 30px; }\n.kccm .kcv h3{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:20px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.3; color:#1D1D1F; margin:30px 0 10px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-p{ font-size:17px; line-height:1.75; color:#1D1D1F; margin:0 0 16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:420px minmax(0,1fr); gap:56px; align-items:start; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-photo{ position:relative; margin:0; border-radius:26px; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 30px 60px rgba(16,32,64,.16); background:#EEF3FA; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-photo img{ display:block; width:100%; height:auto; aspect-ratio:1122\/1402; object-fit:cover; border-radius:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-cap{ font-style:normal; position:absolute; left:16px; right:16px; bottom:16px; border-radius:18px; padding:14px 18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-capn{ font-size:17px; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-capr{ font-size:13.5px; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-body{ padding-top:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-body > h2{ font-size:38px; margin-bottom:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-tags{ list-style:none; margin:0 0 24px; padding:0; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-tags li{ margin:0; padding:8px 14px; border-radius:999px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; font-size:13.5px; font-weight:600; color:#3A4A5E; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 0 4px 10px rgba(16,32,64,.05); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-meta{ margin:20px 0 0; padding-top:18px; border-top:1px solid #DCE6F2; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:6px 18px; font-size:14.5px; color:#5a6275; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro + .kcv-cards{ margin-top:40px; }\n.kccm .kcv-profile{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr); gap:34px; align-items:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-photo img{ width:150px; height:auto; aspect-ratio:1122\/1402; object-fit:cover; border-radius:18px; display:block; }\n.kccm .kcv-profile h2{ font-size:32px; margin-bottom:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-nm{ font-size:18px; font-weight:700; margin:0 0 4px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-mt{ font-size:14.5px; color:#5a6275; margin:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-rule{ height:1px; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#CFDEF0 0%,rgba(207,222,240,0) 100%); margin:28px 0; }\n.kccm .kcv-cards{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:18px; margin-top:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card{ background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F6FAFF 100%); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:18px; padding:24px 24px 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card h3{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:17.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card p{ margin:0; font-size:15px; line-height:1.62; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds{ counter-reset:c; list-style:none; margin:14px 0 22px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:12px; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li{ counter-increment:c; position:relative; padding:16px 18px 16px 58px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:16px; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.55; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li strong{ color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li::before{ content:counter(c); position:absolute; left:16px; top:15px; width:28px; height:28px; border-radius:50%; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1F4FA8,#2E6BD8); color:#FFF; font-weight:700; font-size:14px; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; margin:4px 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs-col{ background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:18px; padding:22px 24px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-vs-t{ font-weight:700; font-size:17px; margin:0 0 10px; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs ul{ margin:0; padding-left:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs li{ font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; margin:0 0 8px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-note{ margin:0 0 6px; padding:16px 20px; border-radius:14px; background:#FFF8EC; border-left:3px solid #E09019; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl{ list-style:none; margin:10px 0 26px; padding:0 0 0 30px; position:relative; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:9px; top:6px; bottom:6px; width:2px; background:linear-gradient(180deg,#2E6BD8,#CFDEF0); }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li{ position:relative; margin:0 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:-27px; top:4px; width:14px; height:14px; border-radius:50%; background:#FFF; border:3px solid #1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-tl-t{ font-weight:700; margin:0 0 3px; font-size:16.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li p{ margin:0; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-check{ list-style:none; margin:0 0 24px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-check li{ display:flex; gap:10px; align-items:flex-start; background:#FFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:14px; padding:13px 15px; font-size:15px; line-height:1.5; }\n.kccm .kcv-check svg{ flex:none; margin-top:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details{ background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:16px; padding:17px 20px; margin:10px 0; transition:border-color .2s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details:hover,.kccm .kcv-faq details[open]{ border-color:#9fc0e8; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary{ cursor:pointer; font-weight:700; font-size:16.5px; list-style:none; display:flex; justify-content:space-between; gap:14px; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::after{ content:\"+\"; color:#E09019; font-weight:600; font-size:22px; line-height:1; flex:none; transition:transform .25s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open] summary::after{ transform:rotate(45deg); }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a{ margin-top:12px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a p{ font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; margin:0 0 10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-src{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-links{ margin:0 0 12px; padding-left:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-links li{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:15px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-small{ font-size:13.5px; color:#5a6275; margin:10px 0 0; }\n.kccm .kcv-chips-l,.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; margin-top:6px; padding:0; background:none; border:0; box-shadow:none; -webkit-backdrop-filter:none; backdrop-filter:none; overflow:visible; }\n.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips a{ display:inline-block; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#E6EEF8 100%); border:1px solid #CFDEF0; color:#1F4FA8; border-radius:999px; padding:9px 15px; font-size:14px; font-weight:600; text-decoration:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips a:hover{ border-color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-center{ text-align:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-stats{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:14px; margin:6px 0 40px; }\n.kccm .kcv-stat{ position:relative; overflow:hidden; padding:22px 22px 20px; border-radius:20px; background:linear-gradient(150deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F4F8FE 60%,#EAF1FB 100%); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 0 10px 24px rgba(16,32,64,.05); }\n.kccm .kcv-stat::after{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; right:-30px; top:-30px; width:90px; height:90px; border-radius:50%; background:radial-gradient(circle, rgba(46,107,216,.12), transparent 70%); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-n{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:30px; line-height:1; font-weight:900; letter-spacing:-.03em; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-n sup{ font-size:.5em; vertical-align:top; position:relative; top:.1em; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-t{ margin:0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.45; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-rows{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; }\n.kccm .kcv-row{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:260px minmax(0,1fr); gap:44px; padding:30px 0; border-top:1px solid #E3EAF4; }\n.kccm .kcv-row:first-child{ border-top:0; padding-top:6px; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-h{ position:sticky; top:110px; align-self:start; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-row-k{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-h h3{ margin:0; font-size:21px; line-height:1.3; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-b .kcv-p:last-child{ margin-bottom:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-b .kcv-conds{ margin-top:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-duel{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 54px minmax(0,1fr); align-items:stretch; margin:6px 0 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt{ position:relative; border-radius:24px; padding:30px 30px 26px; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; background:#FFFFFF; box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(16,32,64,.06); }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-a{ background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F2F7FF 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b{ background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#FFF7EA 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-k{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b .kcv-opt-k{ color:#B07314; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-t{ margin:0 0 12px; font-size:23px; line-height:1.2; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-n{ display:inline-block; margin:0 0 18px; padding:7px 13px; border-radius:999px; font-size:13.5px; font-weight:700; background:#E8F0FD; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b .kcv-opt-n{ background:#FCEFD8; color:#8A5A0E; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt ul{ margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt li{ position:relative; margin:0 0 10px; padding-left:26px; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt li::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:0; top:7px; width:14px; height:14px; border-radius:50%; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1F4FA8,#2E6BD8); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #E8F0FD; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b li::before{ background:linear-gradient(135deg,#E09019,#F0B04A); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #FCEFD8; }\n.kccm .kcv-or{ align-self:center; justify-self:center; width:46px; height:46px; border-radius:50%; display:grid; place-items:center; font-size:14px; font-weight:700; font-style:italic; color:#5a6275; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:0 8px 18px rgba(16,32,64,.08); position:relative; z-index:1; margin:0 -8px; }\n.kccm .kcv-callout{ display:flex; gap:16px; align-items:flex-start; margin:8px 0 30px; padding:22px 26px; border-radius:20px; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFF9EF 0%,#FFFFFF 100%); border:1px solid #F3E2C4; }\n.kccm .kcv-callout p{ margin:0; font-size:16px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv 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}}\n.kccm .kcv-news-band{ margin:72px 0 -10px; padding:84px 20px 26px; text-align:center; background:linear-gradient(180deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F7F9FC 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-news-band h2{ margin:0; }\n@media (max-width:1100px){.kccm .kcv-pro{ grid-template-columns:340px minmax(0,1fr); gap:36px; }.kccm .kcv-slide{ padding:42px 40px; }}\n@media (max-width:900px){.kccm .kcv-media img{ object-position:80% 60%; }.kccm .kcv-tabs{ padding:70px 0 40px; }.kccm .kcv h2{ font-size:29px; }.kccm .kcv-bar{ justify-content:flex-start; margin:22px -20px 18px; padding:0 20px; }.kccm .kcv-slide{ padding:30px 22px; border-radius:22px; }.kccm .kcv-pro{ grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:28px; }.kccm .kcv-pro-photo{ max-width:340px; width:100%; margin:0 auto; }.kccm .kcv-pro-body > h2{ font-size:28px; }.kccm .kcv-profile{ grid-template-columns:96px minmax(0,1fr); gap:18px; }.kccm .kcv-photo img{ width:96px; }.kccm .kcv-profile h2{ font-size:24px; }.kccm .kcv-cards,.kccm .kcv-conds,.kccm .kcv-vs,.kccm .kcv-check,.kccm .kcv-src{ grid-template-columns:1fr; }}\n@media (max-width:480px){.kccm .kcv-btns .kcv-fb{ width:100%; }.kccm .kcv h1{ font-size:34px; }.kccm .kcv .kcv-sub{ font-size:16.5px; }.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t{ font-size:14px; padding:11px 15px !important; }.kccm .kcv .kcv-p{ font-size:16px; }}\n@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.kccm .kcv .kcv-btn,.kccm .kcv .kcv-orb,.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t{ transition:none; }}\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-faqgrid > *{min-width:0}\n.kccm{width:100%}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"kccm\"><div class=\"kcv\">\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Digital law lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Digital law: <em>what a business selling online goes through<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key levers<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Online commerce, contracts, data \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>digital law lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Digital law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar (Barreau de Paris): website and online shop, contracts with service providers and platforms, data, online infringements.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The digital law of a trader or an SME rests less on a single statute than on a series of ordinary operations. Selling online requires informing the consumer before the order, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053310511\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053310511\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-5 of the French Consumer Code (Code de la consommation)<\/a>, and, save for exceptions, allowing the customer to check the order details and the total price before confirming, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007506\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1127-2 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007508\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1127-3<\/a>. Having a website built exposes a business to cold-callers, against whom a small company can sometimes defend itself as a consumer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-3 of the Consumer Code<\/a>). Defending oneself online finally requires admissible evidence and a proven fault (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1240 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The firm therefore starts from the operation concerned, then from the documents that prove it.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send the contracts, screenshots and exchanges you have, even if incomplete: the firm sorts them and tells you what is missing. Call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Sell: a compliant offer<\/h3><p>Order steps, correction of input errors, retention of the general terms and conditions: an offer made in a professional capacity by electronic means must provide for them (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007504\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1127-1 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Contract: service providers and platforms<\/h3><p>Website creation, financial lease, subscription, marketplace: each contract is read together with those around it, because their fate may be linked (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1186 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Defend: evidence and unfair conduct<\/h3><p>Disparagement, copying, a customer file taken away, fraudulent access to an information system, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 323-1 of the French Criminal Code (Code p\u00e9nal)<\/a>: any action is prepared first through evidence.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Key levers<\/p>\n<h2>Selling, equipping yourself, <em>defending yourself online<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules, drawn from decisions of the Court of Cassation (Cour de cassation), determine the position of a small business operating online.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li><strong>A small business canvassed for its website may be protected as a consumer<\/strong>: according to the Court of Cassation, \u201ca professional employing no more than five employees who, off-premises, enters into a contract whose purpose does not fall within the scope of their main activity, benefits from the consumer-protective provisions laid down by that code\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca61cbeb012b49a0aa041f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 27 November 2019, No. 18-22.525<\/a>). The protection has its limits, since \u201ca contract whose purpose is to design and produce, on behalf of a client, a customised website, such as the one in issue, which does not relate to the transfer of ownership of one or more movable assets within the meaning of article 528 of the Civil Code, cannot be classified as a sale\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a17df78cdc6046d4732c365\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 28 May 2026, No. 25-14.507<\/a>), a solution unfavourable to the client who counted the withdrawal period from delivery of the website.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The financial lease follows the fate of the service it finances<\/strong>: where contracts are interdependent, \u201ctermination by notification may be relied on against the party against whom the lapse of a contract is invoked, as a consequence of the prior destruction of the interdependent contract, without any need to join the counterparty to the contract previously terminated\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67a30983eaef5a22b443b3b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 5 February 2025, No. 23-23.358<\/a>), as permitted by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">articles 1186<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">1226 of the Civil Code<\/a>.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>A platform that frames and promotes offers may lose its status as a host<\/strong>: following the Court of Justice, the Court of Cassation recalls that the exemption does not apply \u201cwhere that provider, instead of confining itself to a neutral supply of service by means of a purely technical and automatic processing of the data provided by its customers, plays an active role such as to give it knowledge or control of that data\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/695e107175782d5f060d16e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 7 January 2026, No. 24-13.163<\/a>). The decision applies the former wording of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054744218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054744218\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 6 of the Law of 21 June 2004<\/a>, which now refers to the European regulation on digital services.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Criticising is not always disparaging<\/strong>: disclosing information that discredits a product is wrongful, unless it relates to a subject of general interest, rests on a sufficient factual basis and remains measured (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca7ba67dd5d46a358e231b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 January 2019, No. 17-18.350<\/a>). The Court of Cassation thus held that \u201cthe criticisms in question, even severe, did not exceed the admissible limits of freedom of expression\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca896542d4057b0589353b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 11 July 2018, No. 17-21.457<\/a>), a solution unfavourable to the laboratory that considered itself disparaged.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Evidence is built before the action: a test-purchase report remains admissible even if the third-party buyer lacks independence, the judge then assessing its probative value (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6821c44dcca800334e786c69\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. ch. mixte, 12 May 2025, No. 22-20.739<\/a>), and the mere holding, on the employee\u2019s work computer, of confidential information belonging to their former employer is enough to establish its appropriation by the new employer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a97ed06195da062e0d07145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 2 September 2026, No. 25-12.718<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to gather to <em>establish the situation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">In a digital case, the useful item disappears quickly: a page altered, an account closed, a message deleted. Preserve it from the first day.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Business selling online<\/p><ul><li>General terms and conditions in force on the date of each order<\/li><li>Order process, summary and acknowledgement of receipt<\/li><li>Contracts for website creation, hosting, leasing and maintenance<\/li><li>Platform terms and exchanges with its seller support team<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Business harmed online<\/p><ul><li>Dated screenshots and exact addresses of the pages concerned<\/li><li>Report by a court bailiff (commissaire de justice), online or of a test purchase<\/li><li>Connection logs and traces of access to the information system<\/li><li>Evidence of investment in the website, the database or the brand<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Frequent mistakes: signing on the spot the order form for a website without checking the financing that comes with it; leaving a departed employee\u2019s email account open; having an infringement recorded by a simple screenshot without a verifiable date.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also draws on:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Court bailiff<\/li><li>Court-appointed IT expert<\/li><li>Domain name registry<\/li><li>Criminal complaint<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The order does not vary: characterise the operation, secure the evidence, then choose between negotiation, notification and the court.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Legal classification<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Reading of the contracts and general terms and conditions, identification of each party, its role and the text governing the relationship.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Evidence<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Dated screenshots, court bailiff\u2019s report, preservation of logs and exchanges before any visible step is taken.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Formal notice or notification<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Written demand to the service provider, the platform or the author of the infringement; termination notified where the non-performance is sufficiently serious.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Action<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Urgent application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9), action on the merits, criminal complaint or withdrawal, depending on the urgency, the evidence gathered and the amount at stake.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Key points: fourteen-day withdrawal period, extended by twelve months after that period if the information has not been given, the right expiring fourteen days after its receipt if it is provided during the extension (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563199\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-20 of the Consumer Code<\/a>); fraudulent access to or remaining in a system punishable by three years\u2019 imprisonment and a \u20ac100,000 fine (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 323-1 of the Criminal Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The stages of a <em>digital law case<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the first findings to the decision, indicative durations depending on the urgency and the evidence available; a legal time limit already running, such as the withdrawal period, takes precedence over this timetable.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Finding<\/p><p><strong>Days 1-3.<\/strong> Dated screenshots, court bailiff\u2019s report, preservation of logs and contracts.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Analysis<\/p><p><strong>Week 1.<\/strong> Characterisation of the contract or of the infringement, time limits running, applicable text.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Notice<\/p><p><strong>Weeks 1-3.<\/strong> Withdrawal without delay if the period, counted from conclusion of the contract, is still running; formal notice, notified termination or report to the platform.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Negotiation<\/p><p><strong>Depending on the response.<\/strong> Removal, return, recovery of data, compensation, written settlement agreement.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Court<\/p><p>Urgent application in an emergency, action on the merits or complaint, with an IT expert assessment if the technical aspects are disputed.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Monitoring<\/p><p><strong>After the decision.<\/strong> Enforcement, updating of the general terms and conditions and contracts to prevent the dispute from recurring.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No notification, formal notice or writ of summons without having validated these points.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Place and manner of conclusion of the contract: online, at a distance, off-premises.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Headcount of the business and link between the contract and its main activity.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Related contracts: financial lease, maintenance, hosting, subscription.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Actual role of the platform: mere storage or control of the offers.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Verifiable date and integrity of each screenshot or report.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Time limits running: withdrawal, notice period, limitation period, domain name renewal.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, risk, <em>act, decision<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most common trade-offs for a business operating online.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Website sold by a canvasser<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> A long, costly contract, often financed by a third party.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Withdrawal under articles L. 221-3 and L. 221-18.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Check headcount, main activity, remaining period and exclusions.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Failing service provider, lease payments continuing<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Payment for a service that no longer exists.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Notified termination, then lapse of the lease.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Send formal notice, notify the grounds, inform the lessor.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Account or listings blocked by a platform<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Loss of online revenue.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Internal complaint, then formal notice.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Characterise the platform\u2019s role before acting.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Products criticised online<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Damage to reputation and sales.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Takedown request, action for disparagement.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Assess the factual basis and the general interest.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Former employee who left with files<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Customers and know-how taken.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Report, investigative measure, liability action.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Act quickly, backed by evidence of confidentiality.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Domain name close to the brand<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Confusion and diversion of traffic.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Proceedings before the registry or court action.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Prove priority and the absence of a legitimate interest.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>digital law for businesses<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What situations lead a trader or an SME to a digital law lawyer?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Three families recur. The first is online selling: information to give before the order, validation process, general terms and conditions, withdrawal. The second concerns equipment contracts: website creation, hosting, maintenance, financial lease, subscription to software or to a marketplace. The third groups infringements: disparagement, copying of a website or a database, a customer file taken away, fraudulent access to an email account.<\/p><p>In each, the business\u2019s position depends first on how the operation is characterised. A small business canvassed away from its premises for a contract unrelated to its main activity may invoke the consumer-protective rules (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-3 of the Consumer Code<\/a>); a platform that framed and promoted the offers was refused host status under the former wording of the Law of 21 June 2004, the current regime being assessed in light of the service and the facts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/695e107175782d5f060d16e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 7 January 2026, No. 24-13.163<\/a>).<\/p><p>The firm examines the contracts, screenshots and exchanges, then indicates the appropriate route: withdrawal, notification, negotiation, report or action. The pages of the practice area detail each situation, from GDPR for SMEs to IT disputes.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A canvasser had us sign for the creation of a website: can we still withdraw?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It is possible if three conditions are met and the period is still running. The contract must have been concluded off-premises, its purpose must not fall within the scope of the main activity of the business approached, and the business must employ no more than five employees (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-3 of the Consumer Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation applied this to an advertising insertion contract, holding that \u201ca professional employing no more than five employees who, off-premises, enters into a contract whose purpose does not fall within the scope of their main activity, benefits from the consumer-protective provisions laid down by that code\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca61cbeb012b49a0aa041f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 27 November 2019, No. 18-22.525<\/a>). The judgment was quashed on another point, the judge having relied on a headcount that was not in dispute: headcount has to be proved.<\/p><p>The period is fourteen days; it runs from conclusion of the contract for a service and from receipt of the goods for a sale (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226842\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-18<\/a>). Where the information on withdrawal has not been given, the period is extended by twelve months from the expiry of the initial period; if the information is provided during that extension, the right expires fourteen days after its receipt (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563199\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563199\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-20<\/a>). Some services are finally excluded from withdrawal, such as a service fully performed before the end of the period where the customer gave express consent and acknowledged losing the right (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563170\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-28<\/a>).<\/p><p>The characterisation of the contract matters. The Court of Cassation held that \u201ca contract whose purpose is to design and produce, on behalf of a client, a customised website, such as the one in issue, which does not relate to the transfer of ownership of one or more movable assets within the meaning of article 528 of the Civil Code, cannot be classified as a sale\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a17df78cdc6046d4732c365\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 28 May 2026, No. 25-14.507<\/a>). This solution is unfavourable to the client, who counted the period from delivery of the website. The firm therefore recalculates the period from the contract itself.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The website is financed by a financial lease: must we keep paying if the service provider does nothing any more?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not necessarily. Where the performance of several contracts is necessary for one and the same operation and one of them disappears, the contracts that depend on it lapse, provided the contracting party concerned knew of the overall operation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1186 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The contract for creating or maintaining the website and the lease that finances it often form such a whole.<\/p><p>The service contract must still be made to disappear first. The creditor may terminate it by notification, at their own risk. Save in an emergency, the creditor first serves formal notice on the debtor to perform within a reasonable time, stating that failing this the contract may be terminated; the notification then states the reasons for termination, and the creditor must prove the seriousness of the non-performance if the debtor challenges it before the court (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1226 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation held that \u201ctermination by notification may be relied on against the party against whom the lapse of a contract is invoked, as a consequence of the prior destruction of the interdependent contract, without any need to join the counterparty to the contract previously terminated\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67a30983eaef5a22b443b3b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 5 February 2025, No. 23-23.358<\/a>).<\/p><p>If the service provider is in judicial liquidation, the termination may result from a decision taken in that procedure, since \u201cit is not, however, required that the prior destruction and the lapse be pronounced or recorded in one and the same proceeding\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca8a3c451f367c17dc9c20\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 July 2018, No. 17-15.597<\/a>). The firm checks the interdependence, drafts the formal notice and then the notification, and warns the lessor before unpaid instalments build up.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What information must an online shop give before the order?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Before being bound, the consumer receives, in a legible and comprehensible manner, the essential characteristics of the goods or service, the price, the delivery time, the identity and contact details of the trader and, where a right of withdrawal exists, its conditions, period and procedures and the standard form (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053310511\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053310511\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-5 of the Consumer Code<\/a>). This information is in addition to the general duty of pre-contractual information (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044142438\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044142438\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 111-1<\/a>). These rules extend to a business customer only in the cases provided by law, such as a contract concluded off-premises with a small business (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 221-3<\/a>).<\/p><p>The Civil Code also governs the formation of electronic contracts, including between businesses. The offer sets out the steps of the order and the means of correcting input errors, and the contractual terms must be capable of being retained and reproduced (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007504\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007504\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1127-1 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The contract is in principle validly concluded only if the customer was able to check the order details and the total price before confirming, and the order gives rise to an acknowledgement of receipt without undue delay (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007506\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1127-2<\/a>). These statements and requirements do not apply to contracts concluded exclusively by exchange of emails, and businesses may depart from them as between themselves (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007508\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1127-3<\/a>).<\/p><p>A misleading presentation finally exposes the business to being characterised as a misleading commercial practice, in particular where it concerns the essential characteristics or the price (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563114\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 121-2<\/a>). The firm reviews the order process screen by screen and the general terms and conditions, in conjunction with the page devoted to e-commerce.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is a contract accepted or signed online as valid as a paper contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, subject to conditions. An electronic document has the same evidential value as a paper document, provided that the person from whom it emanates can be identified and that it is created and retained in conditions that guarantee its integrity (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042461\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042461\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1366 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><p>An electronic signature consists in the use of a reliable identification process guaranteeing its link with the document. Its reliability is presumed, until proven otherwise, where the signature is created, the signatory\u2019s identity ensured and the integrity of the document guaranteed under the conditions laid down by decree (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042456\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1367<\/a>). Outside this presumption, the reliability of the process is not presumed and may be disputed.<\/p><p>In practice, a ticked box may not be enough to establish acceptance of the terms relied on: the business must be able to link that acceptance to the customer and to the version of the general terms and conditions then in force, supported by a timestamp. The firm checks what the signature provider or the sales platform actually retains, and for how long, before a dispute makes the question urgent.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the platform on which we sell shelter behind host status?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not always. A host benefits from a lighter liability regime because it merely stores content provided by others. Following the Court of Justice, the Court of Cassation recalls that the exemption does not apply \u201cwhere that provider, instead of confining itself to a neutral supply of service by means of a purely technical and automatic processing of the data provided by its customers, plays an active role such as to give it knowledge or control of that data\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/695e107175782d5f060d16e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 7 January 2026, No. 24-13.163<\/a>).<\/p><p>It specifies, again following the Court of Justice, that \u201cthe operator plays an active role when it provides assistance which consists in particular in optimising the presentation of the offers for sale concerned or in promoting them\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/695e107175782d5f060d16e7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 7 January 2026, No. 24-13.163<\/a>). The court of appeal was upheld in refusing host status to a rental platform that imposed precise rules on advertisers and rewarded some of them with better visibility; the judgment was however quashed as to the award, the court of appeal having granted compensation whereas the owner was seeking the return of the civil fruits.<\/p><p>This decision applies the earlier wording of the Law of 21 June 2004. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054744218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054744218\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 6 of that law<\/a> now defines the host and the online platform by reference to the European regulation on digital services. The firm examines the platform\u2019s terms, its ranking rules and its sanctions before choosing the basis for a claim.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A competitor is disparaging our products online: what can we obtain?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Disparagement is a fault that obliges its author to make good the damage caused (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1240 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cthe disclosure, by one party, of information liable to discredit a product marketed by the other constitutes an act of disparagement, unless the information concerned relates to a subject of general interest and rests on a sufficient factual basis\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca7ba67dd5d46a358e231b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 January 2019, No. 17-18.350<\/a>), subject to a certain moderation in expression. In that case, announcing to customers an infringement action that had not yet been judged constituted wrongful disparagement.<\/p><p>The limit is real. Regarding highly critical articles on a medicine, the Court of Cassation held that \u201cthe criticisms in question, even severe, did not exceed the admissible limits of freedom of expression\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca896542d4057b0589353b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 11 July 2018, No. 17-21.457<\/a>), the publications forming part of a public health debate and relying on measures taken by the health authority. This solution is unfavourable to the business that considered itself disparaged.<\/p><p>Before acting, the firm therefore distinguishes disparagement of a product, defamation aimed at the business itself, which falls under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000000877119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/JORFTEXT000000877119\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Law of 29 July 1881 on freedom of the press<\/a> and its own rules of procedure and limitation, and legitimate criticism. It has the publications recorded, then chooses between a takedown request, formal notice and action.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A competitor is copying our concept or the look of our website: is that parasitism?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not automatically. Parasitism (parasitisme) consists in following in the wake of another operator to take undue advantage of its efforts, reputation or investments, and it engages its author\u2019s liability under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 1240 of the Civil Code<\/a>. But the Court of Cassation requires precise proof: \u201cIt is for the party claiming to be the victim of acts of parasitism to identify the individualised economic value on which it relies\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/667baef8eee23a0a3f11d248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 26 June 2024, No. 23-13.535<\/a>).<\/p><p>It adds that \u201cideas being open to everyone, the mere fact of taking up, with variations, a concept implemented by a competitor does not in itself constitute an act of parasitism\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/667baef8eee23a0a3f11d248\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 26 June 2024, No. 23-13.535<\/a>). The retailer that complained that another had copied a decor made up of images not subject to third-party rights was dismissed, that unremarkable decor never having been put forward as emblematic of its brand: the solution is unfavourable to it.<\/p><p>The case is therefore built on identifiable investments: creation of the website, campaigns, commissioned photographs, product database. The firm also checks whether an exclusive right, copyright, trade mark or database right, offers a surer route than civil liability alone.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A former employee has left for a competitor with our customer file: what remedies are available?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The customer file, prices or margins may qualify as trade secrets if the information is not readily accessible, has commercial value because of its secret nature and is subject to reasonable protective measures (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037266553\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037266553\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 151-1 of the Commercial Code<\/a>). These measures, restricted access, confidentiality notices, employment contract clauses, must exist before the departure.<\/p><p>The new employer incurs its own liability. The Court of Cassation held that \u201cthe mere holding, on the employee\u2019s work computer, of confidential information belonging to their former employer characterises the appropriation of that information by the new employer\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a97ed06195da062e0d07145\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 2 September 2026, No. 25-12.718<\/a>), even in the absence of a non-competition clause. It quashed the judgment that required additional proof of that appropriation.<\/p><p>Time works against the business. The firm first has the access logs and exports preserved, then considers an investigative measure or a report, before formal notice and the liability action.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>An employee or a service provider read email accounts without authorisation: is that an offence?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, where the access or the remaining in the system is fraudulent. Fraudulently accessing or remaining in all or part of an automated data processing system is punishable by three years\u2019 imprisonment and a \u20ac100,000 fine, penalties increased to five years and \u20ac150,000 where data are deleted or modified (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article 323-1 of the Criminal Code<\/a>).<\/p><p>Holding the access codes is not enough to make the access legitimate. The criminal chamber held that \u201canyone who remains in an automated data processing system by reading the content of messages exchanged within the network, for purposes unrelated to their duties and without the knowledge of the holders of the messages, is guilty of the offence provided for by article 323-1 of the Criminal Code\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68b690429b7f3c45d0a40cb1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. crim., 2 September 2025, No. 24-83.605<\/a>), even where that network administrator has a general right of access to the email system.<\/p><p>The complaint is prepared with preserved connection logs, the list of accounts and rights granted, and proof of the purpose of each access. The firm coordinates these items with the IT service provider and, if personal data were exposed, with the obligations specific to the GDPR.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can an infringement committed online or through an unlawful sale be proved?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A screenshot taken by the business remains an item of evidence, but its date and integrity will be challenged. A court bailiff\u2019s report provides a stronger guarantee, whether it concerns a web page or a purchase.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation, sitting as a mixed chamber, relaxed the regime for test-purchase reports: henceforth, \u201cthe absence of sufficient guarantees of independence of the third-party buyer from the applicant is not such as to render the test-purchase report null and void\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6821c44dcca800334e786c69\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. ch. mixte, 12 May 2025, No. 22-20.739<\/a>). The judge then assesses whether this lack of independence affects the probative value of the report. The case concerned an in-store purchase made by a trainee of the applicant\u2019s law firm.<\/p><p>The same decision recalls that \u201cthe judge may not refuse to examine a bailiff\u2019s report drawn up at a person\u2019s request, even if made without adversarial proceedings, which is valid as evidence once it is submitted for discussion by the parties\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6821c44dcca800334e786c69\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. ch. mixte, 12 May 2025, No. 22-20.739<\/a>). The firm chooses the appropriate type of report and has the addresses, dates and path to be reproduced set out in the assignment.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Our product or listings database is being scraped by a competitor: is it protected?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It can be, independently of copyright. The producer of a database, who takes the initiative and the risk of the investments, benefits from protection of its content where the obtaining, verification or presentation of that content attests to a substantial financial, material or human investment (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279245\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 341-1 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The producer may prohibit the extraction and re-utilisation of a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part of the database (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279247\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 342-1<\/a>).<\/p><p>The investment must be distinct from the creation of the data. The Court of Cassation recalls, following the Court of Justice, that the holder must show an independent investment, \u201cthe holder of a database having to show an investment independent of that required for the creation of the data contained in the database for which protection is sought\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/633d28b9a3bbc43e2e4d4b68\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 5 October 2022, No. 21-16.307<\/a>). A listings website thus obtained protection by establishing its expenditure on collection, storage, moderation and ranking.<\/p><p>The firm helps the business document this expenditure, often scattered between marketing, IT and monitoring teams, and then have the extraction recorded before acting.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A third party has registered a domain name close to our brand: what can we do?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The registry may refuse the registration or renewal of a domain name, or delete it, where it is liable to infringe intellectual property rights, unless the applicant has a legitimate interest and acts in good faith (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623549\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623549\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 45-2 of the Postal and Electronic Communications Code<\/a>). Anyone who shows an interest in acting may ask the registry for the deletion or transfer of the name, under an adversarial procedure whose decision may be brought before the judicial courts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028727628\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028727628\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">article L. 45-6 of the same code<\/a>).<\/p><p>The trade mark holder keeps its rights. The Court of Cassation held that \u201cthe rules governing the allocation of domain names on the internet, which respect both the principles of freedom of communication and freedom of enterprise and intellectual property rights, have neither the object nor the effect of restricting the right of the trade mark holder to prohibit use without its consent\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca6df2daa7d15907eedb7f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 5 June 2019, No. 17-22.132<\/a>) of an identical or similar sign, in the course of trade, for identical or similar goods or services, where that use creates a likelihood of confusion. In that case, the company that had registered names reproducing that of the d\u00e9partement of Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire did not show that it used them to offer services related to that territory, and therefore had no legitimate interest in their registration.<\/p><p>Conversely, a business that itself registers a name close to a third party\u2019s trade mark is exposed to the same analysis. The firm checks earlier trade marks before any registration and, in the event of a dispute, gathers the evidence of priority and use.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page, checked as at 1 November 2026, and the firm's related practice areas.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226882\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Consumer Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article L. 221-3, small business canvassed<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053310511\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053310511\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Consumer Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article L. 221-5, information before the order<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226842\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Consumer Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article L. 221-18, withdrawal period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007506\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007506\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article 1127-2, validation of the online order<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007508\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007508\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article 1127-3, exceptions to electronic formalities<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041200\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article 1186, interdependent contracts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042456\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article 1367, electronic signature<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047052655\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Criminal Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article 323-1, fraudulent access to a system<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037266553\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037266553\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article L. 151-1, trade secrets<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279245\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279245\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article L. 341-1, database producers<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054744218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054744218\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Law No. 2004-575 of 21 June 2004<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">article 6, technical service providers<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/e-commerce-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">E-commerce<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area page<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/gdpr-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">GDPR for SMEs<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area page<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-contract-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">IT contracts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area page<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-litigation-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">IT disputes<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area page<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Business law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm\u2019s practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What situations lead a trader or an SME to a digital law lawyer?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Three families recur. The first is online selling: information to give before the order, validation process, general terms and conditions, withdrawal. The second concerns equipment contracts: website creation, hosting, maintenance, financial lease, subscription to software or to a marketplace. The third groups infringements: disparagement, copying of a website or a database, a customer file taken away, fraudulent access to an email account. In each, the business\u2019s position depends first on how the operation is characterised. A small business canvassed away from its premises for a contract unrelated to its main activity may invoke the consumer-protective rules (article L. 221-3 of the Consumer Code); a platform that framed and promoted the offers was refused host status under the former wording of the Law of 21 June 2004, the current regime being assessed in light of the service and the facts (Cass. com., 7 January 2026, No. 24-13.163). The firm examines the contracts, screenshots and exchanges, then indicates the appropriate route: withdrawal, notification, negotiation, report or action. The pages of the practice area detail each situation, from GDPR for SMEs to IT disputes.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A canvasser had us sign for the creation of a website: can we still withdraw?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is possible if three conditions are met and the period is still running. The contract must have been concluded off-premises, its purpose must not fall within the scope of the main activity of the business approached, and the business must employ no more than five employees (article L. 221-3 of the Consumer Code). The Court of Cassation applied this to an advertising insertion contract, holding that \u201ca professional employing no more than five employees who, off-premises, enters into a contract whose purpose does not fall within the scope of their main activity, benefits from the consumer-protective provisions laid down by that code\u201d (our translation) (Cass. 1re civ., 27 November 2019, No. 18-22.525). The judgment was quashed on another point, the judge having relied on a headcount that was not in dispute: headcount has to be proved. The period is fourteen days; it runs from conclusion of the contract for a service and from receipt of the goods for a sale (article L. 221-18). Where the information on withdrawal has not been given, the period is extended by twelve months from the expiry of the initial period; if the information is provided during that extension, the right expires fourteen days after its receipt (article L. 221-20). Some services are finally excluded from withdrawal, such as a service fully performed before the end of the period where the customer gave express consent and acknowledged losing the right (article L. 221-28). The characterisation of the contract matters. The Court of Cassation held that \u201ca contract whose purpose is to design and produce, on behalf of a client, a customised website, such as the one in issue, which does not relate to the transfer of ownership of one or more movable assets within the meaning of article 528 of the Civil Code, cannot be classified as a sale\u201d (our translation) (Cass. 1re civ., 28 May 2026, No. 25-14.507). This solution is unfavourable to the client, who counted the period from delivery of the website. The firm therefore recalculates the period from the contract itself.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The website is financed by a financial lease: must we keep paying if the service provider does nothing any more?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not necessarily. Where the performance of several contracts is necessary for one and the same operation and one of them disappears, the contracts that depend on it lapse, provided the contracting party concerned knew of the overall operation (article 1186 of the Civil Code). The contract for creating or maintaining the website and the lease that finances it often form such a whole. The service contract must still be made to disappear first. The creditor may terminate it by notification, at their own risk. Save in an emergency, the creditor first serves formal notice on the debtor to perform within a reasonable time, stating that failing this the contract may be terminated; the notification then states the reasons for termination, and the creditor must prove the seriousness of the non-performance if the debtor challenges it before the court (article 1226 of the Civil Code). The Court of Cassation held that \u201ctermination by notification may be relied on against the party against whom the lapse of a contract is invoked, as a consequence of the prior destruction of the interdependent contract, without any need to join the counterparty to the contract previously terminated\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 5 February 2025, No. 23-23.358). If the service provider is in judicial liquidation, the termination may result from a decision taken in that procedure, since \u201cit is not, however, required that the prior destruction and the lapse be pronounced or recorded in one and the same proceeding\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 4 July 2018, No. 17-15.597). The firm checks the interdependence, drafts the formal notice and then the notification, and warns the lessor before unpaid instalments build up.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What information must an online shop give before the order?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Before being bound, the consumer receives, in a legible and comprehensible manner, the essential characteristics of the goods or service, the price, the delivery time, the identity and contact details of the trader and, where a right of withdrawal exists, its conditions, period and procedures and the standard form (article L. 221-5 of the Consumer Code). This information is in addition to the general duty of pre-contractual information (article L. 111-1). These rules extend to a business customer only in the cases provided by law, such as a contract concluded off-premises with a small business (article L. 221-3). The Civil Code also governs the formation of electronic contracts, including between businesses. The offer sets out the steps of the order and the means of correcting input errors, and the contractual terms must be capable of being retained and reproduced (article 1127-1 of the Civil Code). The contract is in principle validly concluded only if the customer was able to check the order details and the total price before confirming, and the order gives rise to an acknowledgement of receipt without undue delay (article 1127-2). These statements and requirements do not apply to contracts concluded exclusively by exchange of emails, and businesses may depart from them as between themselves (article 1127-3). A misleading presentation finally exposes the business to being characterised as a misleading commercial practice, in particular where it concerns the essential characteristics or the price (article L. 121-2). The firm reviews the order process screen by screen and the general terms and conditions, in conjunction with the page devoted to e-commerce.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a contract accepted or signed online as valid as a paper contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, subject to conditions. An electronic document has the same evidential value as a paper document, provided that the person from whom it emanates can be identified and that it is created and retained in conditions that guarantee its integrity (article 1366 of the Civil Code). An electronic signature consists in the use of a reliable identification process guaranteeing its link with the document. Its reliability is presumed, until proven otherwise, where the signature is created, the signatory\u2019s identity ensured and the integrity of the document guaranteed under the conditions laid down by decree (article 1367). Outside this presumption, the reliability of the process is not presumed and may be disputed. In practice, a ticked box may not be enough to establish acceptance of the terms relied on: the business must be able to link that acceptance to the customer and to the version of the general terms and conditions then in force, supported by a timestamp. The firm checks what the signature provider or the sales platform actually retains, and for how long, before a dispute makes the question urgent.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the platform on which we sell shelter behind host status?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not always. A host benefits from a lighter liability regime because it merely stores content provided by others. Following the Court of Justice, the Court of Cassation recalls that the exemption does not apply \u201cwhere that provider, instead of confining itself to a neutral supply of service by means of a purely technical and automatic processing of the data provided by its customers, plays an active role such as to give it knowledge or control of that data\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 7 January 2026, No. 24-13.163). It specifies, again following the Court of Justice, that \u201cthe operator plays an active role when it provides assistance which consists in particular in optimising the presentation of the offers for sale concerned or in promoting them\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 7 January 2026, No. 24-13.163). The court of appeal was upheld in refusing host status to a rental platform that imposed precise rules on advertisers and rewarded some of them with better visibility; the judgment was however quashed as to the award, the court of appeal having granted compensation whereas the owner was seeking the return of the civil fruits. This decision applies the earlier wording of the Law of 21 June 2004. Article 6 of that law now defines the host and the online platform by reference to the European regulation on digital services. The firm examines the platform\u2019s terms, its ranking rules and its sanctions before choosing the basis for a claim.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A competitor is disparaging our products online: what can we obtain?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Disparagement is a fault that obliges its author to make good the damage caused (article 1240 of the Civil Code). The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cthe disclosure, by one party, of information liable to discredit a product marketed by the other constitutes an act of disparagement, unless the information concerned relates to a subject of general interest and rests on a sufficient factual basis\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 9 January 2019, No. 17-18.350), subject to a certain moderation in expression. In that case, announcing to customers an infringement action that had not yet been judged constituted wrongful disparagement. The limit is real. Regarding highly critical articles on a medicine, the Court of Cassation held that \u201cthe criticisms in question, even severe, did not exceed the admissible limits of freedom of expression\u201d (our translation) (Cass. 1re civ., 11 July 2018, No. 17-21.457), the publications forming part of a public health debate and relying on measures taken by the health authority. This solution is unfavourable to the business that considered itself disparaged. Before acting, the firm therefore distinguishes disparagement of a product, defamation aimed at the business itself, which falls under the Law of 29 July 1881 on freedom of the press and its own rules of procedure and limitation, and legitimate criticism. It has the publications recorded, then chooses between a takedown request, formal notice and action.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A competitor is copying our concept or the look of our website: is that parasitism?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not automatically. Parasitism (parasitisme) consists in following in the wake of another operator to take undue advantage of its efforts, reputation or investments, and it engages its author\u2019s liability under article 1240 of the Civil Code. But the Court of Cassation requires precise proof: \u201cIt is for the party claiming to be the victim of acts of parasitism to identify the individualised economic value on which it relies\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 26 June 2024, No. 23-13.535). It adds that \u201cideas being open to everyone, the mere fact of taking up, with variations, a concept implemented by a competitor does not in itself constitute an act of parasitism\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 26 June 2024, No. 23-13.535). The retailer that complained that another had copied a decor made up of images not subject to third-party rights was dismissed, that unremarkable decor never having been put forward as emblematic of its brand: the solution is unfavourable to it. The case is therefore built on identifiable investments: creation of the website, campaigns, commissioned photographs, product database. The firm also checks whether an exclusive right, copyright, trade mark or database right, offers a surer route than civil liability alone.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A former employee has left for a competitor with our customer file: what remedies are available?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The customer file, prices or margins may qualify as trade secrets if the information is not readily accessible, has commercial value because of its secret nature and is subject to reasonable protective measures (article L. 151-1 of the Commercial Code). These measures, restricted access, confidentiality notices, employment contract clauses, must exist before the departure. The new employer incurs its own liability. The Court of Cassation held that \u201cthe mere holding, on the employee\u2019s work computer, of confidential information belonging to their former employer characterises the appropriation of that information by the new employer\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 2 September 2026, No. 25-12.718), even in the absence of a non-competition clause. It quashed the judgment that required additional proof of that appropriation. Time works against the business. The firm first has the access logs and exports preserved, then considers an investigative measure or a report, before formal notice and the liability action.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"An employee or a service provider read email accounts without authorisation: is that an offence?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, where the access or the remaining in the system is fraudulent. Fraudulently accessing or remaining in all or part of an automated data processing system is punishable by three years\u2019 imprisonment and a \u20ac100,000 fine, penalties increased to five years and \u20ac150,000 where data are deleted or modified (article 323-1 of the Criminal Code). Holding the access codes is not enough to make the access legitimate. The criminal chamber held that \u201canyone who remains in an automated data processing system by reading the content of messages exchanged within the network, for purposes unrelated to their duties and without the knowledge of the holders of the messages, is guilty of the offence provided for by article 323-1 of the Criminal Code\u201d (our translation) (Cass. crim., 2 September 2025, No. 24-83.605), even where that network administrator has a general right of access to the email system. The complaint is prepared with preserved connection logs, the list of accounts and rights granted, and proof of the purpose of each access. The firm coordinates these items with the IT service provider and, if personal data were exposed, with the obligations specific to the GDPR.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can an infringement committed online or through an unlawful sale be proved?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A screenshot taken by the business remains an item of evidence, but its date and integrity will be challenged. A court bailiff\u2019s report provides a stronger guarantee, whether it concerns a web page or a purchase. The Court of Cassation, sitting as a mixed chamber, relaxed the regime for test-purchase reports: henceforth, \u201cthe absence of sufficient guarantees of independence of the third-party buyer from the applicant is not such as to render the test-purchase report null and void\u201d (our translation) (Cass. ch. mixte, 12 May 2025, No. 22-20.739). The judge then assesses whether this lack of independence affects the probative value of the report. The case concerned an in-store purchase made by a trainee of the applicant\u2019s law firm. The same decision recalls that \u201cthe judge may not refuse to examine a bailiff\u2019s report drawn up at a person\u2019s request, even if made without adversarial proceedings, which is valid as evidence once it is submitted for discussion by the parties\u201d (our translation) (Cass. ch. mixte, 12 May 2025, No. 22-20.739). The firm chooses the appropriate type of report and has the addresses, dates and path to be reproduced set out in the assignment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Our product or listings database is being scraped by a competitor: is it protected?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It can be, independently of copyright. The producer of a database, who takes the initiative and the risk of the investments, benefits from protection of its content where the obtaining, verification or presentation of that content attests to a substantial financial, material or human investment (article L. 341-1 of the Intellectual Property Code). The producer may prohibit the extraction and re-utilisation of a qualitatively or quantitatively substantial part of the database (article L. 342-1). The investment must be distinct from the creation of the data. The Court of Cassation recalls, following the Court of Justice, that the holder must show an independent investment, \u201cthe holder of a database having to show an investment independent of that required for the creation of the data contained in the database for which protection is sought\u201d (our translation) (Cass. 1re civ., 5 October 2022, No. 21-16.307). A listings website thus obtained protection by establishing its expenditure on collection, storage, moderation and ranking. The firm helps the business document this expenditure, often scattered between marketing, IT and monitoring teams, and then have the extraction recorded before acting.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A third party has registered a domain name close to our brand: what can we do?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The registry may refuse the registration or renewal of a domain name, or delete it, where it is liable to infringe intellectual property rights, unless the applicant has a legitimate interest and acts in good faith (article L. 45-2 of the Postal and Electronic Communications Code). Anyone who shows an interest in acting may ask the registry for the deletion or transfer of the name, under an adversarial procedure whose decision may be brought before the judicial courts (article L. 45-6 of the same code). The trade mark holder keeps its rights. The Court of Cassation held that \u201cthe rules governing the allocation of domain names on the internet, which respect both the principles of freedom of communication and freedom of enterprise and intellectual property rights, have neither the object nor the effect of restricting the right of the trade mark holder to prohibit use without its consent\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 5 June 2019, No. 17-22.132) of an identical or similar sign, in the course of trade, for identical or similar goods or services, where that use creates a likelihood of confusion. In that case, the company that had registered names reproducing that of the d\u00e9partement of Sa\u00f4ne-et-Loire did not show that it used them to offer services related to that territory, and therefore had no legitimate interest in their registration. Conversely, a business that itself registers a name close to a third party\u2019s trade mark is exposed to the same analysis. 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Contract. Defend. YOUR ONLINE BUSINESS. Website, online shop, platform, service provider, customer data: tell our digital law lawyer in Paris about your company\u2019s situation. Go to the form In the media View the videos and their transcriptsVideos Discover our know-how in digital law. Lawyer GDPR FOR SMEs Paris Lawyer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1915146,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161389","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Digital law lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Digital law lawyer in Paris for businesses: online sales, IT contracts, platforms, data and online infringements. 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