{"id":2161385,"date":"2026-11-01T23:36:03","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161385"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:39:25","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:39:25","slug":"restaurant-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/restaurant-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Restaurant lawyer in Paris"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161385\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161385 elementor-2160734\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd52a0 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7fd52a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b0043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"89b0043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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restaur\u00e9e : raccord concave arrondi, sans carte ajout\u00e9e. *\/\n@media(min-width:651px){\n .chess-intro{left:0;bottom:0;background:#f7f8f8;border-radius:0 35px 0 0;padding:30px 28px 25px 20px;max-width:36%}\n .chess-intro::before,.chess-intro::after{content:\"\";position:absolute;width:30px;height:30px;pointer-events:none;background:transparent}\n .chess-intro::before{left:0;top:-30px;border-radius:0 0 0 30px;box-shadow:0 15px 0 0 #f7f8f8}\n .chess-intro::after{right:-30px;bottom:0;border-radius:0 0 0 30px;box-shadow:0 15px 0 0 #f7f8f8}\n .chess-heading{top:115px}\n}\n@media(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:651px){.chess-intro{max-width:43%}.chess-heading{top:145px}}\n@media(min-width:651px){\n .chess-intro::before,.chess-intro::after{border-radius:0;box-shadow:none;background:radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0,transparent 29.5px,#f7f8f8 30px)}\n}\n\/* Raccords concaves : carr\u00e9 de masque complet, sans bord ext\u00e9rieur parasite. *\/\n@media(min-width:651px){\n 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Header et charte partag\u00e9s inchang\u00e9s. *\/\n@media (max-width:650px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-hero {\n    height:650px;\n    margin-bottom:12px;\n    overflow:visible;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-heading {\n    inset:0 auto auto 8px;\n    width:calc(100% - 16px);\n    max-width:none;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-heading h1 {\n    font-family:Lato,Arial,sans-serif!important;\n    font-weight:900!important;\n    font-size:clamp(43px,13.4vw,56px)!important;\n    line-height:.97!important;\n    letter-spacing:-.045em!important;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-title-paris {\n    margin-top:0;\n    font-size:1em;\n    letter-spacing:-.045em;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto {\n    width:115px;\n    margin:37px 0 0;\n    font-size:14px;\n    line-height:1.9;\n    letter-spacing:.015em;\n  }\n  \/* Un seul fond : la d\u00e9coupe porte sur son alpha, jamais sur le d\u00e9grad\u00e9. *\/\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field {\n    inset:229px 0 155px 0;\n    border-radius:0;\n    clip-path:none;\n    background:linear-gradient(155deg,#e8f0f9,#d6e6f4 60%,#e7eaf2);\n    -webkit-mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20304%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M555%200H930Q1000%200%201000%2024V277Q1000%20304%20921%20304H73Q0%20304%200%20279V191Q0%20166%2073%20166H288Q370%20166%20370%20138V64Q370%200%20555%200Z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");\n    mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20304%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M555%200H930Q1000%200%201000%2024V277Q1000%20304%20921%20304H73Q0%20304%200%20279V191Q0%20166%2073%20166H288Q370%20166%20370%20138V64Q370%200%20555%200Z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");\n    -webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;\n    mask-size:100% 100%;\n    -webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;\n    mask-repeat:no-repeat;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field::before,\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field::after {\n    content:none;\n    display:none;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight {\n    top:193px;\n    bottom:auto;\n    right:-7px;\n    width:66%;\n    height:302px;\n    object-fit:contain;\n    object-position:center bottom;\n    filter:drop-shadow(7px 16px 13px #243d6225);\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro {\n    top:511px;\n    bottom:auto;\n    left:8px;\n    width:calc(100% - 16px);\n    max-width:none;\n    padding:0;\n    border-radius:0;\n    background:transparent;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro::before,\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro::after { display:none; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro-label {\n    font-size:9px;\n    letter-spacing:.15em;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro p {\n    max-width:320px;\n    margin:9px 0 19px;\n    font-size:13px;\n    line-height:1.5;\n  }\n}\n@media (min-width:480px) and (max-width:650px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto { margin-top:25px; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight { width:60%;height:300px;top:195px; }\n}\n@media (max-width:360px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto { width:100px;font-size:12px;line-height:2.1; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight { width:64%; }\n}\n\n\/* Trois placements locaux : typo, image, contours et CTA de B conserv\u00e9s. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n .mobile-study-b1{--title-shift:12px;--motto-top:238px}\n .mobile-study-b2{--title-shift:20px;--motto-top:258px}\n .mobile-study-b3{--title-shift:28px;--motto-top:278px}\n .mobile-study-b1 .chess-heading,.mobile-study-b2 .chess-heading,.mobile-study-b3 .chess-heading{top:var(--title-shift)}\n .mobile-study-b1 .chess-motto,.mobile-study-b2 .chess-motto,.mobile-study-b3 .chess-motto{position:absolute;top:calc(var(--motto-top) - var(--title-shift));left:0;margin:0}\n}\n\/* B2 valid\u00e9e : r\u00e9server toute la hauteur du CTA et de son halo. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n .mobile-study-b2 .chess-hero{height:700px}\n .mobile-study-b2 .chess-field{bottom:auto;height:266px}\n}\n\n\/* \u00c9tudes mobiles uniquement ; menu et logo natifs, disposition plus compacte. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-location-header{height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo{position:relative!important;top:auto!important;left:auto!important;width:100%!important;height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important;padding:0 20px!important;margin:0!important;display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:1fr auto!important;grid-template-rows:72px 32px!important;gap:0!important;align-items:center!important;background:linear-gradient(#fff,#f7f8f8)!important;backdrop-filter:none!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-26e7aca4{display:flex!important;visibility:visible!important;grid-area:1\/1;min-height:0!important;width:110px!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b{width:105px!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b img{width:105px!important;height:62px!important;object-fit:contain!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-7f9425b9{display:contents!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-68cc9a0{grid-area:2\/1\/3\/3;width:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls{width:100%!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls ul{display:flex!important;justify-content:center!important;gap:11px!important;align-items:center!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls li{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls a{padding:4px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls img{width:16px!important;height:11px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485{grid-area:1\/2;width:auto!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485 a{display:grid!important;place-items:center!important;width:43px!important;height:43px!important;padding:0!important;border-radius:14px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485 svg{width:22px!important;height:22px!important}\n .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding:28px 16px 0!important;background:#f7f8f8!important;display:flow-root}\n .mobile-study .chess-knight{max-width:none}\n .mobile-study .chess-cta{max-width:calc(100vw - 64px)!important}\n .mobile-study .chess-intro-label{color:#6b747c}\n .mobile-study .chess-intro p{color:#40464a}\n}\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .navo.elementor-sticky__spacer{display:none!important}}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{visibility:visible!important;opacity:1!important;animation:none!important;transform:none!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-wrapper,body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-widget{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-widget>.elementor-widget-container{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{display:flow-root}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(45px,5.2vw,80px)!important;line-height:1!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading{top:112px;max-width:54%}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-knight{width:48%;height:640px;right:3%;bottom:0;top:auto;object-fit:contain}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-motto{font-size:clamp(16px,1.6vw,25px)}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) #fr-contact-form{scroll-margin-top:110px}\n@media(max-width:650px){\n body:has(.fr-chess) [data-elementor-type=\"header\"]{height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading{top:20px;max-width:none}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(37px,11.9vw,50px)!important;line-height:.97!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-knight{top:193px;bottom:auto;right:-7px;width:66%;height:302px}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-motto{font-size:12px;width:120px;line-height:2.1;top:238px}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-intro{max-width:none}\n}\n@media(min-width:651px){\nbody:has(.fr-chess) [data-elementor-type=\"header\"]{height:80px!important;min-height:80px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{height:80px!important;padding:0 32px!important;background:linear-gradient(#fff,#f7f8f8)!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-26e7aca4{width:125px!important;min-width:125px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b{width:110px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b img{width:110px!important;height:65px!important;object-fit:contain!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{padding-top:30px}\n}\n\/* Le header natif FR est hors flux : r\u00e9server sa hauteur dans chaque copie. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:138px!important}}\n@media(min-width:651px){body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{padding-top:80px!important}}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-invisible{visibility:visible!important;opacity:1!important;animation:none!important}\n\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess):not(.home) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:28px!important}}\n@media(min-width:651px){body:has(.fr-chess):not(.home) .fr-chess{padding-top:0!important}}\n\/* Contenir les carrousels et le footer copi\u00e9s dans la largeur de pr\u00e9visualisation. *\/\n\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-inner{min-width:0!important;max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-wrap{min-width:0!important;max-width:100%!important}}\n\/* Raccord menu blanc vers fond gris, sans bande de couleur \u00e0 la jonction. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-text,body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-form{min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-title,body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-title-main{white-space:normal!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere}}@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .hk-footer-avocat{max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .hk-footer-avocat img{max-width:100%!important}}body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7817ac8,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7f97ff5,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-62048c2{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px)!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-da753e9{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px),linear-gradient(180deg,#f5f4f8 0%,#e4eef9 100%)!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .navo{background:#fff!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 130px)!important}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-b8c5a8a,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-5abe9b0,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-6667b04,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-b003989,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-990a523,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-c9f42ee,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-263bc05,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-6cc331c{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{background:#fff!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 130px)!important}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.home:has(.fr-chess) #content{padding-top:0!important}body.home:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:138px!important}body:not(.home):has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:28px!important}}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#fff 110px,#f7f8f8 230px)!important}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.fr-hero-visible .kohen-avis-floating{visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important}}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7fd52a0,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-89b0043{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-dd1953d{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px)!important}\nbody.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(42px,4.8vw,74px)!important}\nbody.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-knight{width:53%;height:530px;bottom:30px;right:0;object-fit:contain}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(35px,10.8vw,47px)!important}body.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-knight{top:265px;height:230px;width:85%;right:0;bottom:auto}}\n<\/style><div class=\"chess-preview fr-chess mobile-study mobile-study-b mobile-study-b2\">\n<section aria-labelledby=\"chess-title\" class=\"chess-hero\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chess-field\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"chess-heading\"><h1 id=\"chess-title\"><span class=\"chess-title-back\">Restaurant<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-front\">lawyer<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-front\">in<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-paris\">Paris<\/span>\n<\/h1><p class=\"chess-motto\">Buy. <span>Operate.<\/span> Sell.<\/p><\/div>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Black king facing a white king, an image of the face-off between seller and buyer of a restaurant business\" class=\"chess-knight\" fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/kohen-fr-immobilier-hero.webp\"\/>\n<div class=\"chess-intro\"><span class=\"chess-intro-label\">YOUR BUSINESS.<\/span><p>Preliminary agreement, lease, licence, management lease or writ of summons: show the document that concerns you to a restaurant lawyer in Paris.<\/p><a class=\"chess-cta\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"chess-cta-icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect height=\"14\" rx=\"2\" width=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"5\"><\/rect><path d=\"m3 6 9 7 9-7\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"chess-cta-text\">Go to the form<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><script id=\"fr-hero-widgets-20260920\">(()=>{const h=document.querySelector('.fr-chess');if(!h||!('IntersectionObserver' in window))return;const mq=matchMedia('(max-width:650px)');let inside=true;const sync=()=>document.body.classList.toggle('fr-hero-visible',mq.matches&&inside);new IntersectionObserver(e=>{inside=e[0].isIntersecting;sync()},{threshold:0}).observe(h);mq.addEventListener('change',sync);sync()})();<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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4px;padding:0 24px;text-align:center;line-height:1}.knp a.knp__videos{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 18px 9px 14px;border:1px solid #CFDEF0;border-radius:999px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#E6EEF8 100%);color:#1F4FA8;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.01em;line-height:1.2;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.knp a.knp__videos svg{flex:0 0 auto;display:block}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#DCEAFB 100%);border-color:#1F4FA8;color:#1F4FA8;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(31,79,168,.14);transform:translateY(-1px)}.knp a.knp__videos:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #1F4FA8;outline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;column-gap:14px}.kcv-press.knp>.kcv-press-t,.kcv-press.knp>.knp__watchlink{flex:0 0 auto}.kcv-press.knp>.knp__piste{flex:0 0 100%}.kcv-press.knp p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"View the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">View the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"knp__piste\">\n<ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\">\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/le-point.svg\" alt=\"Le Point\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-figaro\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Figaro Immobilier: see the 3 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/le-figaro.svg\" alt=\"Le Figaro\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"liberation\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Lib\u00e9ration: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/liberation.svg\" alt=\"Lib\u00e9ration\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"les-echos\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Les Echos: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/les-echos.svg\" alt=\"Les Echos\" style=\"--h:23px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"20-minutes\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"20 Minutes: see the 12 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/20-minutes.svg\" alt=\"20 Minutes\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"ouest-france\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Ouest-France: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/ouest-france.svg\" alt=\"Ouest-France\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"franceinfo\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"franceinfo: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/franceinfo.svg\" alt=\"franceinfo\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"actu-fr\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"actu.fr: see the 3 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/actu-fr.svg\" alt=\"actu.fr\" style=\"--h:26px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"marie-claire\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Marie Claire: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/marie-claire.svg\" alt=\"Marie Claire\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"femme-actuelle\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Femme Actuelle: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/femme-actuelle.svg\" alt=\"Femme Actuelle\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"psychologies\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Psychologies: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/psychologies.svg\" alt=\"Psychologies\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"wikipedia\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Wikipedia: view the 4 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/wikipedia.svg\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"data-gouv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"data.gouv.fr: view the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/data-gouv.svg\" alt=\"data.gouv.fr\" style=\"--h:26px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"leboncoin\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Leboncoin: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/leboncoin.svg\" alt=\"Leboncoin\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"pappers\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Pappers: view the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/pappers.svg\" alt=\"Pappers\" style=\"--h:25px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"laforet\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Lafor\u00eat Montesson: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/laforet.svg\" alt=\"Lafor\u00eat\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"economie-matin\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"\u00c9conomie Matin: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/economie-matin.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c9conomie Matin\" style=\"--h:24px;mix-blend-mode:multiply\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/lexbase.png\" alt=\"Lexbase\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"awwwards\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Awwwards: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/awwwards.svg\" alt=\"Awwwards\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"la-voix-du-nord\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"La Voix du Nord: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/la-voix-du-nord.svg\" alt=\"La Voix du Nord\" style=\"--h:17px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"sortir-a-paris\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/sortir-a-paris.png\" alt=\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\" style=\"--h:40px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"science-et-vie\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Science &amp; Vie: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/science-et-vie.svg\" alt=\"Science &amp; Vie\" style=\"--h:22px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"frandroid\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Frandroid: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/frandroid.svg\" alt=\"Frandroid\" style=\"--h:15px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"magicmaman\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Magicmaman: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/magicmaman.svg\" alt=\"Magicmaman\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"selectra\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Selectra: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/selectra.svg\" alt=\"Selectra\" style=\"--h:22px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"next\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Next: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/next.svg\" alt=\"Next\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"actu-juridique\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Actu-Juridique: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/actu-juridique.svg\" alt=\"Actu-Juridique\" style=\"--h:22px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"batiweb\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Batiweb: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/batiweb.png\" alt=\"Batiweb\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"berliner-zeitung\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Berliner Zeitung: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/berliner-zeitung.svg\" alt=\"Berliner Zeitung\" style=\"--h:26px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"startupitalia\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" 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conseille sur son site Internet de proc\u00e9der avec m\u00e9thode en l'absence de mesures suffisantes face \u00e0 une forte chaleur.\",\"auteur\":\"Les Echos\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"ouest-france\":{\"nom\":\"Ouest-France\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Elle a laiss\u00e9 son fils b\u00e2tir sa maison au fond de son terrain, sans rien signer chez le notaire : 20 ans plus tard, \u00e0 la succession, la maison n'\u00e9tait pas \u00e0 lui\",\"date\":\"2026-10-06\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pause-maison.ouest-france.fr\/elle-a-laisse-son-fils-batir-sa-maison-au-fond-de-son-terrain-sans-rien-signer-chez-le-notaire-20-ans-plus-tard-a-la-succession-la-maison-n-etait-pas-a-lui\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, cinq informations doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9unies avant toute analyse.\",\"auteur\":\"Pause Maison, Ouest-France\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Auchan devient Lidl : ce que change (ou pas) votre cr\u00e9dit Oney en 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Kohen\"}]},\"marie-claire\":{\"nom\":\"Marie Claire\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Des plafonds de 31 et 62 jours : tout comprendre \u00e0 la nouvelle r\u00e9forme des arr\u00eats de travail\",\"date\":\"2026-09-01\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.marieclaire.fr\/reforme-arret-de-travail-septembre-2026-plafonds-droits-salaries,1519083.asp\",\"citation\":\"Pour une pathologie longue, l'arr\u00eat initial sera suivi de prolongations successives, chacune r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9e par le praticien.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"psychologies\":{\"nom\":\"Psychologies\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Ce changement dans la loi sur le consentement pourrait tout changer pour les victimes de viol, et voici pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2025-06-18\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.psychologies.com\/actualites\/societe\/changement-loi-consentement-pourrait-tout-changer-victimes-viol-604168\",\"citation\":\"[\u2026] la charge de la preuve incombe \u00e0 l'accusation, et le doute doit syst\u00e9matiquement profiter 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kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"20 Minutes\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Le coup de vent de mercredi a couch\u00e9 mon vieux cerisier sur la v\u00e9randa du voisin : \u00e0 l'assurance, j'ai compris pourquoi \u00ab c'est la faute du vent \u00bb ne suffirait pas\",\"date\":\"2026-10-08\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/journaldesseniors.20minutes.fr\/actualite\/le-coup-de-vent-de-mercredi-a-couche-mon-vieux-cerisier-sur-la-veranda-du-voisin-a-l-assurance-j-ai-compris-pourquoi-c-est-la-faute-du-vent-ne-suffirait-pas\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"20 Minutes\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"J'ai fait isoler le plafond de ma cave juste pour toucher une prime, apr\u00e8s un simple appel : les pr\u00e9l\u00e8vements sont tomb\u00e9s, alors que ce contrat \u00e9tait 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fra\u00eechement isol\u00e9s juste pour y faire entrer la lumi\u00e8re : un an plus tard, c\u2019est la mairie qui a tout recompt\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-10-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/maison.20minutes.fr\/mm151832-jai-fait-percer-le-toit-de-mes-combles-fraichement-isoles-juste-pour-y-faire-entrer-la-lumiere-un-an-plus-tard-cest-la-mairie-qui-a-tout-recompte\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"20 Minutes\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"wikipedia\":{\"nom\":\"Wikip\u00e9dia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Rupture conventionnelle du contrat de travail\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rupture_conventionnelle_du_contrat_de_travail\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet y est cit\u00e9 en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence : \u00ab La rupture conventionnelle \u00e0 l'\u00e9preuve de la loi du 11 juin 2026 : l'inflexion d'un dispositif entre libert\u00e9 contractuelle et ma\u00eetrise des deniers publics 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Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse ?\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/produits-android\/maison-connectee\/climatiseur\/3196305_goutte-a-goutte-et-inondation-que-faire-quand-la-climatisation-du-voisin-ruine-votre-terrasse\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 la grille de lecture juridique publi\u00e9e par le cabinet sur les condensats de climatisation en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"magicmaman\":{\"nom\":\"Magicmaman\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Vous vivez en immeuble et vous n\u2019avez toujours pas de chauffage cet automne ? Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"selectra\":{\"nom\":\"Selectra\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Reflet des panneaux solaires du voisin : l\u2019argument qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait condamner un propri\u00e9taire \u00e0 les retirer\",\"date\":\"2026-09-24\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/selectra.info\/energie\/actualites\/marche\/panneaux-solaires-voisin-eblouissement\",\"citation\":\"Sur l\u2019arr\u00eat de la cour d\u2019appel de N\u00eemes du 3 avril 2025 (n\u00b0 22\/02456), l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"Selectra\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. Chi vende picconi decide di comprare la miniera\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/startupitalia.eu\/tech\/tredici-miliardi-per-unazienda-sconosciuta-ecco-su-cosa-si-basa-la-scommessa-di-nvidia-con-hugging-face\/\",\"citation\":\"Come ha ricostruito l\u2019avvocato parigino Reda Kohen, la competenza di Bruxelles non dipende dal prezzo ma dai fatturati delle parti.\",\"auteur\":\"StartupItalia\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"beincrypto\":{\"nom\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Wants to Tax Crypto Holders Before They Sell\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/beincrypto.com\/france-crypto-exit-tax-unsold-gains\/\",\"citation\":\"Left-wing deputy Nicolas Sansu filed it with 16 co-signers, and the National Assembly\u2019s finance committee adopted it on October 8, according to a Paris law firm.\",\"auteur\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"kucoin\":{\"nom\":\"KuCoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Proposes Exit Tax on Crypto Holders with Over \u20ac800,000 in Unrealized Gains\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.kucoin.com\/news\/flash\/france-proposes-exit-tax-on-crypto-holders-with-over-800-000-in-unrealized-gains\",\"citation\":\"Left-wing deputy Nicolas Sansu filed it with 16 co-signers, and the National Assembly\u2019s finance committee adopted it on October 8, according to a Paris law firm.\",\"auteur\":\"KuCoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"finst\":{\"nom\":\"Finst\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Wants to Tax Crypto Before You Sell\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/news.finst.com\/en\/articles\/france-wants-to-tax-crypto-before-sale\",\"citation\":\"According to a Paris law firm, the National Assembly's finance committee approved the plan on October 8.\",\"auteur\":\"Finst\",\"paraphrase\":true}]}}<\/script>\n<script nowprocket data-no-optimize=\"1\" data-no-defer=\"1\">\n(function(){\nvar EN=!\/^fr\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang||'fr');\nvar 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loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for commercial leases in Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">COMMERCIAL LEASES<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/business-sale-lawyer\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-46-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-46-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-46-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1200\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for the sale of a business in Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">SALE OF A BUSINESS<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/company-law-lawyer-paris\/share-transfer-lawyer\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-48-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-48-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-48-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"854\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for share transfers in Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">SHARE TRANSFER<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/business-sale-agreement-lawyer\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-56-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-56-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-56-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"967\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Lawyer for sale and purchase agreements in Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">SALE AND PURCHASE AGREEMENTS<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-60-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-60-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-60-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1428\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Business law lawyer in Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">BUSINESS LAW<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n    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40px;\n    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    scroll-behavior: smooth;\n    scrollbar-width: none;\n    -ms-overflow-style: none;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .custom-slider-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {\n    display: none;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .slider-arrow {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 55%;\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\n    background: transparent !important;\n    border: none !important;\n    outline: none !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    z-index: 20;\n    transition: transform 0.2s ease;\n    display: block !important;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .arrow-left {\n    left: 15px;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .arrow-right {\n    right: 15px;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .slider-arrow:hover {\n    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.05);\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .slider-arrow:active {\n    transform: translateY(-50%) 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.opt-title{background:rgba(255,255,255,.9)}}\n<\/style>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba20d0d e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ba20d0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c54797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0c54797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- kccm-reprise-2246-20261019 -->\n<style id=\"kccm-20261019\">\n@keyframes knp-defile{from{transform:translateX(0)}to{transform:translateX(-50%)}}\n.kccm .kcv{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; color:#1D1D1F; width:100%; overflow-x:clip; -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased; }\n.kccm .kcv *{ box-sizing:border-box; }\n.kccm .kcv a{ color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-in{ max-width:1240px; margin:0 auto; padding:0 20px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kk{ 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.kcv-chip-t{ flex:none; font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-weight:600; line-height:1; color:#5a6275 !important; background:transparent !important; border:0 !important; border-radius:999px !important; padding:13px 20px !important; min-height:0; white-space:nowrap; cursor:pointer; box-shadow:none; transition:background .25s ease, color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease; text-transform:none; letter-spacing:0; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t:hover{ color:#1D1D1F !important; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t.on{ background:#FFFFFF !important; color:#1D1D1F !important; box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(16,32,64,.10) !important; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t:focus-visible{ outline:2px solid #2E6BD8; outline-offset:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide{ background:rgba(255,255,255,.86); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:30px; padding:52px 64px; box-shadow:0 24px 60px rgba(16,32,64,.07); scroll-margin-top:110px; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide + .kcv-slide{ margin-top:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv.js .kcv-slide + .kcv-slide{ margin-top:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide[hidden]{ display:none !important; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide > .kk,.kccm .kcv-slide > h2,.kccm .kcv-slide > .kcv-lead{ text-align:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide > h2{ margin-bottom:16px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-lead{ font-size:18px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; max-width:780px; margin:0 auto 30px; }\n.kccm .kcv h3{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:20px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.3; color:#1D1D1F; margin:30px 0 10px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-p{ font-size:17px; line-height:1.75; color:#1D1D1F; margin:0 0 16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:420px minmax(0,1fr); gap:56px; align-items:start; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-photo{ position:relative; margin:0; border-radius:26px; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 30px 60px rgba(16,32,64,.16); background:#EEF3FA; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-photo img{ display:block; width:100%; height:auto; aspect-ratio:1122\/1402; object-fit:cover; border-radius:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-cap{ font-style:normal; position:absolute; left:16px; right:16px; bottom:16px; border-radius:18px; padding:14px 18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-capn{ font-size:17px; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-capr{ font-size:13.5px; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-body{ padding-top:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-body > h2{ font-size:38px; margin-bottom:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-tags{ list-style:none; margin:0 0 24px; padding:0; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-tags li{ margin:0; padding:8px 14px; border-radius:999px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; font-size:13.5px; font-weight:600; color:#3A4A5E; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 0 4px 10px rgba(16,32,64,.05); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-meta{ margin:20px 0 0; padding-top:18px; border-top:1px solid #DCE6F2; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:6px 18px; font-size:14.5px; color:#5a6275; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro + .kcv-cards{ margin-top:40px; }\n.kccm .kcv-profile{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr); gap:34px; align-items:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-photo img{ width:150px; height:auto; aspect-ratio:1122\/1402; object-fit:cover; border-radius:18px; display:block; }\n.kccm .kcv-profile h2{ font-size:32px; margin-bottom:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-nm{ font-size:18px; font-weight:700; margin:0 0 4px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-mt{ font-size:14.5px; color:#5a6275; margin:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-rule{ height:1px; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#CFDEF0 0%,rgba(207,222,240,0) 100%); margin:28px 0; }\n.kccm .kcv-cards{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:18px; margin-top:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card{ background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F6FAFF 100%); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:18px; padding:24px 24px 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card h3{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:17.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card p{ margin:0; font-size:15px; line-height:1.62; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds{ counter-reset:c; list-style:none; margin:14px 0 22px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:12px; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li{ counter-increment:c; position:relative; padding:16px 18px 16px 58px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:16px; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.55; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li strong{ color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li::before{ content:counter(c); position:absolute; left:16px; top:15px; width:28px; height:28px; border-radius:50%; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1F4FA8,#2E6BD8); color:#FFF; font-weight:700; font-size:14px; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; margin:4px 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs-col{ background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:18px; padding:22px 24px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-vs-t{ font-weight:700; font-size:17px; margin:0 0 10px; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs ul{ margin:0; padding-left:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs li{ font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; margin:0 0 8px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-note{ margin:0 0 6px; padding:16px 20px; border-radius:14px; background:#FFF8EC; border-left:3px solid #E09019; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl{ list-style:none; margin:10px 0 26px; padding:0 0 0 30px; position:relative; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:9px; top:6px; bottom:6px; width:2px; background:linear-gradient(180deg,#2E6BD8,#CFDEF0); }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li{ position:relative; margin:0 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:-27px; top:4px; width:14px; height:14px; border-radius:50%; background:#FFF; border:3px solid #1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-tl-t{ font-weight:700; margin:0 0 3px; font-size:16.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li p{ margin:0; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-check{ list-style:none; margin:0 0 24px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-check li{ display:flex; gap:10px; align-items:flex-start; background:#FFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:14px; padding:13px 15px; font-size:15px; line-height:1.5; }\n.kccm .kcv-check svg{ flex:none; margin-top:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details{ background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:16px; padding:17px 20px; margin:10px 0; transition:border-color .2s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details:hover,.kccm .kcv-faq details[open]{ border-color:#9fc0e8; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary{ cursor:pointer; font-weight:700; font-size:16.5px; list-style:none; display:flex; justify-content:space-between; gap:14px; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::after{ content:\"+\"; color:#E09019; font-weight:600; font-size:22px; line-height:1; flex:none; transition:transform .25s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open] summary::after{ transform:rotate(45deg); }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a{ margin-top:12px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a p{ font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; margin:0 0 10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-src{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-links{ margin:0 0 12px; padding-left:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-links li{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:15px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-small{ font-size:13.5px; color:#5a6275; margin:10px 0 0; }\n.kccm .kcv-chips-l,.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; margin-top:6px; padding:0; background:none; border:0; box-shadow:none; -webkit-backdrop-filter:none; backdrop-filter:none; overflow:visible; }\n.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips a{ display:inline-block; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#E6EEF8 100%); border:1px solid #CFDEF0; color:#1F4FA8; border-radius:999px; padding:9px 15px; font-size:14px; font-weight:600; text-decoration:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips a:hover{ border-color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-center{ text-align:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-stats{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:14px; margin:6px 0 40px; }\n.kccm .kcv-stat{ position:relative; overflow:hidden; padding:22px 22px 20px; border-radius:20px; background:linear-gradient(150deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F4F8FE 60%,#EAF1FB 100%); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 0 10px 24px rgba(16,32,64,.05); }\n.kccm .kcv-stat::after{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; right:-30px; top:-30px; width:90px; height:90px; border-radius:50%; background:radial-gradient(circle, rgba(46,107,216,.12), transparent 70%); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-n{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:30px; line-height:1; font-weight:900; letter-spacing:-.03em; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-n sup{ font-size:.5em; vertical-align:top; position:relative; top:.1em; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-t{ margin:0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.45; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-rows{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; }\n.kccm .kcv-row{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:260px minmax(0,1fr); gap:44px; padding:30px 0; border-top:1px solid #E3EAF4; }\n.kccm .kcv-row:first-child{ border-top:0; padding-top:6px; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-h{ position:sticky; top:110px; align-self:start; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-row-k{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-h h3{ margin:0; font-size:21px; line-height:1.3; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-b .kcv-p:last-child{ margin-bottom:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-b .kcv-conds{ margin-top:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-duel{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 54px minmax(0,1fr); align-items:stretch; margin:6px 0 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt{ position:relative; border-radius:24px; padding:30px 30px 26px; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; background:#FFFFFF; box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(16,32,64,.06); }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-a{ background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F2F7FF 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b{ background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#FFF7EA 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-k{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b .kcv-opt-k{ color:#B07314; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-t{ margin:0 0 12px; font-size:23px; line-height:1.2; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-n{ display:inline-block; margin:0 0 18px; padding:7px 13px; border-radius:999px; font-size:13.5px; font-weight:700; background:#E8F0FD; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b .kcv-opt-n{ background:#FCEFD8; color:#8A5A0E; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt ul{ margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt li{ position:relative; margin:0 0 10px; padding-left:26px; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt li::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:0; top:7px; width:14px; height:14px; border-radius:50%; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1F4FA8,#2E6BD8); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #E8F0FD; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b li::before{ background:linear-gradient(135deg,#E09019,#F0B04A); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #FCEFD8; }\n.kccm .kcv-or{ align-self:center; justify-self:center; width:46px; height:46px; border-radius:50%; display:grid; place-items:center; font-size:14px; font-weight:700; font-style:italic; color:#5a6275; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:0 8px 18px rgba(16,32,64,.08); position:relative; z-index:1; margin:0 -8px; }\n.kccm .kcv-callout{ display:flex; gap:16px; align-items:flex-start; margin:8px 0 30px; padding:22px 26px; border-radius:20px; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFF9EF 0%,#FFFFFF 100%); border:1px solid #F3E2C4; }\n.kccm .kcv-callout p{ margin:0; font-size:16px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-callout-i{ flex:none; width:40px; height:40px; border-radius:12px; display:grid; place-items:center; color:#E09019; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #F3E2C4; }\n.kccm .kcv-phases{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; margin:4px 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-phase,.kccm .kcv-wide{ border-radius:24px; padding:28px 30px 24px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(16,32,64,.06); }\n.kccm .kcv-phase h3,.kccm .kcv-wide h3{ margin:0 0 12px; font-size:22px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-phase-k{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-phase .kcv-p,.kccm .kcv-wide .kcv-p{ font-size:16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-quote{ margin:4px 0 16px; padding:16px 20px; border-radius:16px; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#F2F7FF,#FFFFFF); border-left:3px solid #2E6BD8; }\n.kccm .kcv-quote p{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:16.5px; line-height:1.55; font-style:italic; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-quote cite{ font-style:normal; font-size:13.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-wide{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:300px minmax(0,1fr); gap:36px; align-items:start; background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F4F8FE 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-mini-stats{ display:grid; gap:10px; margin-top:16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-mini-stats > div{ padding:14px 16px; border-radius:16px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; }\n.kccm .kcv-mini-stats .kcv-stat-n{ font-size:24px; margin-bottom:4px; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs{ list-style:none; margin:10px 0 30px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:14px; position:relative; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:8%; right:8%; top:13px; height:2px; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#2E6BD8,#9FC0E8 60%,#E09019); }\n.kccm .kcv-hs li{ position:relative; padding:44px 16px 18px; border-radius:18px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(16,32,64,.05); text-align:left; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs-dot{ position:absolute; left:16px; top:4px; width:20px; height:20px; border-radius:50%; background:#FFFFFF; border:4px solid #1F4FA8; box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #EEF3FA; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs li:last-child .kcv-hs-dot{ border-color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs .kcv-tl-t{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:15.5px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.3; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs li p{ margin:0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.55; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-split{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 360px; gap:22px; align-items:start; margin-bottom:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv-split .kcv-check{ grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; margin:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-split .kcv-check li{ padding:16px 16px; font-size:15px; border-radius:16px; box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(16,32,64,.04); }\n.kccm .kcv-act{ border-radius:24px; padding:26px 24px 22px; background:radial-gradient(420px 220px at 100% 0%, rgba(46,107,216,.14), transparent 60%), linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#EEF4FD 100%); border:1px solid #D4E2F4; box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(16,32,64,.08); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-act-k{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-act-t{ margin:0 0 10px; font-size:21px; line-height:1.25; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-act-p{ margin:0 0 18px; font-size:15px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-act-b{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; align-items:stretch; padding:6px; }\n.kccm .kcv-act-b .kcv-fb{ width:100%; }\n.kccm .kcv-faqgrid{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:320px minmax(0,1fr); gap:28px; align-items:start; }\n.kccm .kcv-act-sticky{ position:sticky; top:110px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details{ padding:0; border-radius:18px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 0 10px; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(16,32,64,.03); }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary{ padding:19px 22px; font-size:16.5px; align-items:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::after{ width:30px; height:30px; flex:none; border-radius:50%; display:grid; place-items:center; background:#F2F6FC; font-size:20px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open]{ border-color:#BFD4EE; background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F6F9FE 100%); box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(16,32,64,.07); }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open] summary{ color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open] summary::after{ background:#1F4FA8; color:#FFFFFF; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a{ margin:0; padding:0 22px 16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-arts{ 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*{min-width:0}\n.kccm{width:100%}\n<\/style>\n<div class=\"kccm\"><div class=\"kcv\">\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Restaurant lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Restaurant businesses: <em>from purchase to dispute<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key levers<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Business, lease, licence \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>restaurant lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Business and lease<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar: purchase and sale of a restaurant business, commercial lease, licence, management lease, eviction and disputes between seller and buyer.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">A restaurant is rarely sold like an object. The buyer takes over a customer base, a trading name, equipment, a leasehold right and often a licence, and the seller's privilege, which requires a duly registered sale deed, covers only the items listed in the sale and in the registration, with separate prices for the intangible elements, the equipment and the stock (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072539\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072539\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-5 of the French Commercial Code<\/a>). It is for the buyer to have the sale published within fifteen days (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038584414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038584414\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-12<\/a>), and only then does the period for objections begin. The firm therefore starts from the deed and the lease to establish, at each stage, what each party really receives and what it risks.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send the preliminary agreement, the lease or the deed received, even if incomplete: the firm reads them and tells you what is missing, on <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Buying: securing the price<\/h3><p>Preliminary agreement, conditions precedent, publication, then ten days, running from the last publication, during which the seller's creditors may object to payment of the price (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-14<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Operating: holding the titles<\/h3><p>Lease and permitted use, licence and operating permit valid for ten years (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041510405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041510405\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3332-1-1<\/a>), published management lease: each title is governed by its own regime.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Selling or defending the business<\/h3><p>Employees to be informed at the latest one month before the sale, in businesses not required to have a social and economic committee with economic powers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-23<\/a>), renewal, eviction compensation, termination clause.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Key levers<\/p>\n<h2>Paying, transferring, <em>operating, defending<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules decide what a restaurant business is worth at the moment it changes hands.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li><strong>The price is not paid before the objection period ends<\/strong>. A buyer who pays too early is not discharged as against third parties (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388383\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388383\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-17<\/a>), and the Court of Cassation holds that \"the buyer of a business who pays the seller before the expiry of the ten-day period following publication of the sale, open to the previous owner's creditors to object to payment of the price, is not discharged as against third parties\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/64085bc466b1bafb02f11fa6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 8 March 2023, No. 21-18.677<\/a>) (our translation). This outcome is unfavourable to the buyer, who is exposed to paying a second time.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The lease follows the business, with its clauses<\/strong>. A clause prohibiting assignment of the lease to the buyer of the business is deemed unwritten (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-16<\/a>), but the approval clause remains. Even in a sale authorised by the supervisory judge, the Court of Cassation holds that \"the landlord is entitled to rely on the lease clause providing for the landlord's approval of the assignee\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/643f867fad85da04f53a393d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 19 April 2023, No. 21-20.655<\/a>) (our translation), an outcome favourable to the landlord.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The licence is transferable, but it can lapse<\/strong>. A 3rd or 4th category drinks outlet that has ceased to exist for more than five years is regarded as suppressed and can no longer be transferred, this period being extended in the case of judicial liquidation until the close of the proceedings and suspended during a provisional judicial or administrative closure (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643456\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3333-1<\/a>). Without a suitable licence, no sale of alcoholic drinks: \"the sale of alcoholic drinks is authorised only for holders of one of the licences they provide for\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca4887a2aaa508f2a42554\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 2 September 2020, No. 18-24.863<\/a>) (our translation).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The business is also worth its leasehold right<\/strong>. Faced with a refusal to renew, \"Eviction compensation must be set taking into account the value of the leasehold right to the premises from which the tenant is evicted, which is an element of the business\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/616676cfa1c75d6f42603edf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 13 October 2021, No. 20-19.340<\/a>) (our translation), even if the restaurateur has already set up elsewhere.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Unpublished management lease, immediate risk: until the contract is published, the owner of the business is jointly and severally liable for the debts incurred by the manager for the operation of the business (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033613919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033613919\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 144-7 of the Commercial Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to gather to <em>value the business<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A restaurant business is judged on its documents: those that prove the customer base, the premises and the right to serve.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Seller or operator<\/p><ul><li>Lease, amendments, latest rent and correspondence with the landlord<\/li><li>Licence receipt, operating permit, transfer declarations<\/li><li>Balance sheets, tax returns and monthly turnover for the last three financial years<\/li><li>Staff register, employment contracts, management lease contract<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Buyer or successor<\/p><ul><li>Preliminary agreement, conditions precedent and loan offer<\/li><li>Statement of registrations and pledges encumbering the business<\/li><li>Terrace authorisation and orders concerning the establishment<\/li><li>Inventory of equipment, supply and maintenance contracts<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: paying the price to the seller on the day of the deed, signing without the landlord's approval required by the lease, buying a licence left unused for years, entrusting the business to a manager without publishing the contract.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also draws on:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Escrow of the price<\/li><li>Register of pledges<\/li><li>Transfer declaration<\/li><li>Bailiff's report<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The order does not change: understand what the business contains, then draft, then carry out, then defend.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reading the business<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Lease, licence, accounts, ongoing contracts and registrations: what the business really contains and what weakens it.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Drafting the deed<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Preliminary agreement, sale deed, management lease or share transfer, with separate prices for each element and dated warranties.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Formalities and price<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Informing employees, transfer declaration, publication, escrow and payment of the seller at the end of the objection period.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Defending the business<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Formal demand, refusal to renew, eviction, dispute with the seller: written response, then application to the court if necessary.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Key points: publicity within fifteen days of the sale; ten days for objections; the seller's guarantee towards the landlord can be invoked three years at most after the assignment of the lease (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029103418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029103418\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-16-2<\/a>), a ceiling that does not apply immediately to leases in force when the text took effect in 2014 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca722f593a195e4153429a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 11 April 2019, No. 18-16.121<\/a>); notice to quit the lease given six months in advance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031012840\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031012840\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-9<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The stages of a <em>sale of a restaurant business<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the first exchange to payment of the seller, in the usual order; the duration of each stage depends on the business and the financing.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Review<\/p><p><strong>First.<\/strong> Lease, licence, accounts, staff, registrations on the business, status of the terrace.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Preliminary agreement<\/p><p><strong>After the audit.<\/strong> Conditions precedent: loan, landlord's consent, terrace applied for before the sale (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029107587\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029107587\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 2124-33<\/a>).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Employees<\/p><p><strong>One month before the sale, if the rule applies.<\/strong> Employees are informed so that they can make an offer, in businesses not required to have a social and economic committee with economic powers; the sale may take place earlier if each employee has waived the right to make an offer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-23<\/a>).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Licence<\/p><p><strong>At least fifteen days before.<\/strong> Written transfer declaration by the owner or manager of the outlet (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000023754935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000023754935\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3332-4<\/a>).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Deed and publicity<\/p><p><strong>Within fifteen days of the deed.<\/strong> Signature, registration, legal notice and notice in the Bodacc, at the buyer's initiative.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Price<\/p><p><strong>After the objections.<\/strong> Ten days from the last publication for objections (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-14<\/a>), then settlement of any objections and payment of the seller by the escrow agent, never before.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before you sign<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No sale, management lease or takeover without having validated these points.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Remaining term of the lease, permitted use, approval clause and guarantee required from the seller.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Licence category, date of last operation, up-to-date operating permit.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Declared turnover, breakdown of the price between intangible elements, equipment and stock.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Pledge registrations and privileges on the business, foreseeable objections.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Transferred employment contracts and employees informed beforehand.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Seller's commitments taken over or excluded, non-competition clause with defined limits.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, risk, <em>act, decision<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most common trade-offs on a restaurant business.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Purchase of the business financed by a loan<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Loan refused after the preliminary agreement.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Deed to favour:<\/strong> Precise, dated condition precedent.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Set the amount, rate and deadline before signing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Payment of the price to the seller<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Paying the objecting creditors a second time.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Deed to favour:<\/strong> Escrow until the objections are resolved.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Pay nothing on the day of the deed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Lease subject to the landlord's approval<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Assignment unenforceable, successor evicted.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Deed to favour:<\/strong> Request for approval before signing.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Make approval a condition of the preliminary agreement.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>4th category licence little used or unused<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Licence suppressed if the outlet has ceased to exist for more than five years, save for a legal extension.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Deed to favour:<\/strong> Proof of last operation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Check before paying for its value.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Business entrusted under a management lease<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Manager's debts and return of employees.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Deed to favour:<\/strong> Published contract, guarantees, inventory.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Publish without delay and monitor the operation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Refusal to renew the lease<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Loss of the premises and the business.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Deed to favour:<\/strong> Quantified eviction compensation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Argue the value of the leasehold right.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>the restaurant business<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Why have the preliminary agreement for a restaurant purchase reviewed before signing it?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Because the preliminary agreement fixes almost everything. The price, its breakdown, the elements sold, the conditions precedent and the timetable are all settled in it, and the seller's privilege will cover only the items listed in the sale and in the registration or, failing a precise designation, the trading name, the business name, the leasehold right and the customer base, with separate prices for the intangible elements, the equipment and the stock (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072539\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072539\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-5<\/a>). Once it is signed, often only the negotiation of details remains.<\/p><p>For a restaurant, three conditions matter particularly: obtaining the loan, the landlord's consent where the lease requires it, and the fate of the terrace, for which the buyer may apply for authorisation before the sale, the authorisation taking effect only once the transfer has been proved to the administration (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029107587\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029107587\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 2124-33, public domain<\/a>). The seller must also disclose the decisive information that the buyer legitimately does not know, a duty that the parties can neither limit nor exclude (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007138\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1112-1 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><p>The firm reviews the preliminary agreement against the lease, the accounts and the licence, proposes the clauses that are missing and points out what must be obtained before the final deed. The review is carried out on the documents, before any signature.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Buying the business or the shares of the company that runs the restaurant: what is the difference?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Buying the business transfers operating elements, without the past of the selling company. The Court of Cassation holds that, absent an express clause, \"the sale of a business does not automatically carry with it the obligations to which the seller may be bound under commitments it initially entered into\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/653a039bd0451e8318d0e6d1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 25 October 2023, No. 21-20.156<\/a>) (our translation). The buyer therefore takes over only what the deed provides, save for statutory exceptions such as employment contracts.<\/p><p>Buying the shares, by contrast, brings the buyer into a company that remains the same, with its debts, its contracts and its disputes. The company remains the tenant, so the transaction does not in itself amount to an assignment of the lease; the lease must nevertheless be read to check that no clause governs a share transfer or a change of company officer, and the company's accounts and commitments must be audited.<\/p><p>In both cases, the drafting of the deed matters. In a case concerning the transfer of shares in a company operating a business located on the public domain, the Court of Cassation recalled that \"the lawyer who drafts a deed owes all parties, whatever their personal skills, a duty to advise and, where appropriate, to warn, in particular as to the effects and risks of the stipulations agreed\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/618b6ee8e256c86ccc1b508a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 10 November 2021, No. 20-12.235<\/a>) (our translation). The firm compares the two structures according to the known liabilities, the lease and the financing.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>When can the buyer pay the price of the business to the seller?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not before the objection period has expired. The buyer has the sale published in an authorised newspaper and in the Bodacc within fifteen days of the deed (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038584414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038584414\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-12<\/a>). During the ten days following the last publication, each creditor of the seller, even if its claim is not yet due, may object to the price being paid, although the landlord cannot object for current or future rent (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-14<\/a>).<\/p><p>A buyer who pays before that deadline is not discharged as against third parties (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388383\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388383\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-17<\/a>). The Court of Cassation confirmed this against an assignee who had paid part of the price directly: \"the buyer of a business who pays the seller before the expiry of the ten-day period following publication of the sale, open to the previous owner's creditors to object to payment of the price, is not discharged as against third parties\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/64085bc466b1bafb02f11fa6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 8 March 2023, No. 21-18.677<\/a>) (our translation). The judgment, unfavourable to the buyer, specifies that creditors are third parties whether or not they have objected.<\/p><p>Hence the use of escrow: the price is handed to a third party named in the deed, who releases it only after the objections have been examined. The firm organises this escrow and checks the state of registrations before signing.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the landlord block the assignment of the lease together with the restaurant business?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The landlord cannot prohibit it: agreements intended to prohibit the tenant from assigning the lease to the buyer of its business are deemed unwritten (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-16<\/a>). The landlord may, however, regulate it through an approval clause, through intervention in the deed or through a joint and several guarantee from the seller, which the landlord can invoke only for three years from the assignment (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029103418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029103418\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-16-2<\/a>). This ceiling does not apply immediately to leases in force when the text took effect in 2014: the Court of Cassation holds that this text \"does not meet an imperative reason of general interest justifying its immediate application\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca722f593a195e4153429a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 11 April 2019, No. 18-16.121<\/a>) (our translation). The date of the lease and its contractual history must therefore be checked.<\/p><p>The approval clause applies even to the sale of the whole business. In a judicial liquidation, the Court of Cassation overturned a judgment that had set it aside on the ground that it covered only the assignment of the lease alone, and held that \"the landlord is entitled to rely on the lease clause providing for the landlord's approval of the assignee\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/643f867fad85da04f53a393d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 19 April 2023, No. 21-20.655<\/a>) (our translation). This outcome is unfavourable to a successor who neglects approval.<\/p><p>A seller who disregards it bears the consequences. Where the seller must guarantee the assignee against the eviction it suffers because the landlord, to whom the assignment is unenforceable, denies it the status of tenant, the Court of Cassation holds that \"it cannot obtain from the evicted assignee reimbursement of the rent and occupation indemnities it paid to the landlord for the period during which the assignee occupied the premises without fault\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/66863b05b1dbbe3bae5ffe80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 4 July 2024, No. 23-13.822<\/a>) (our translation).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the 4th category licence (licence IV) transferred with the business?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It can be, provided that the deed designates it and that the licence is still in existence. The 4th category licence allows the sale of all drinks whose consumption remains authorised for consumption on the premises; the 3rd category licence is limited to groups one and three (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643392\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643392\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3331-1<\/a>). A restaurant that sells alcohol only with main meals and as an accessory to food may be content with a restaurant licence: the small licence for third-group drinks, the restaurant licence for all drinks whose consumption is authorised (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643400\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643400\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3331-2<\/a>).<\/p><p>Transfer is subject to formalities. The change of owner or manager must be declared in writing at least fifteen days before it takes place (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000023754935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000023754935\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3332-4<\/a>), and the declarant must have followed the training that leads to the operating permit (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041510405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041510405\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3332-1-1<\/a>). Transferring the outlet within the d\u00e9partement requires the prefect's authorisation, after mandatory consultation of the mayors concerned (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041411152\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041411152\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3332-11<\/a>).<\/p><p>The first check concerns the date of last operation: an outlet that has ceased to exist for more than five years is regarded as suppressed and can no longer be transferred, this period being extended in the case of judicial liquidation until the close of the proceedings and suspended during a provisional closure ordered by the judicial or administrative authority (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643456\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3333-1<\/a>). The firm checks these points before the price of the licence is fixed.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the seller of a restaurant reopen an establishment nearby?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The seller must guarantee the buyer against eviction, even without a specific stipulation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441769\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1626 of the Civil Code<\/a>). A seller of a business who opens a comparable restaurant in the same street therefore risks the buyer invoking this guarantee for diversion of the customer base that was sold.<\/p><p>The prohibition is not unlimited. In a case concerning a transfer of shares, the Court of Cassation requires that \"the prohibition on the seller re-establishing themselves be proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/618b6ee9e256c86ccc1b5096\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 10 November 2021, No. 21-11.975<\/a>) (our translation). It overturned the judgment that had penalised sellers who re-established themselves more than three years after the sale, without examining whether the prohibition was still justified at that date. Whether the prohibition is justified is therefore assessed concretely, at the time of the acts complained of, in light of the business sold and the market concerned. This outcome was favourable to the sellers in that case.<\/p><p>Hence the value of a non-competition clause drafted into the deed, limited in time and space, and adapted to the type of restaurant sold. The firm drafts it according to the client's position, seller or buyer, and analyses it when a dispute arises.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must the restaurant's employees be informed before the business is sold?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, in businesses that are not required to set up a social and economic committee with economic powers. An owner who wishes to sell the business informs the employees at the latest one month before the sale, so that they can make an offer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 141-23 of the Commercial Code<\/a>). This period results from the wording in force since 28 May 2026.<\/p><p>The sale may take place earlier if each employee has made known their decision not to make an offer. Where a liability action is brought, the court may, at the request of the public prosecutor's office, impose a civil fine that may not exceed 0.5% of the amount of the sale, under the same article.<\/p><p>The sale does not terminate employment contracts. Where the employer's legal situation changes, in particular by sale, all contracts in progress continue between the new employer and the staff (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006900875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006900875\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 1224-1 of the Labour Code<\/a>). The buyer must therefore know, before signing, the contracts, salaries and any disputes it is taking over.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Leasing out your restaurant under a management lease: what are the risks for the owner of the business?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A management lease allows the operation to be entrusted to a manager who runs it at their own risk (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221261\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 144-1<\/a>). The owner keeps the business and receives a fee, but does not lose all interest in how it is run.<\/p><p>The first risk concerns publication. Until the contract is published, the lessor is jointly and severally liable with the manager for the debts incurred for the operation of the business (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033613919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033613919\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 144-7<\/a>). An unpublished management lease thus exposes the owner to debts to suppliers it never chose.<\/p><p>The second concerns the staff. When the contract ends, in particular through the manager's liquidation, the Court of Cassation holds that \"unless the business is ruined, termination of the management lease by the judicial liquidator returns the business to the assets of its owner, who must assume all the obligations of the employment contract\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/660cf1417c1ccb0008628ae7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. soc., 3 April 2024, No. 22-10.261<\/a>) (our translation). The owner therefore takes back the employees as soon as the lease is terminated, unless the business is ruined. The firm drafts the contract, the guarantees and the inventory, and follows the publication.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a restaurant add takeaway or delivery without the landlord's consent?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Everything depends on the permitted use under the lease. A related or complementary activity may be added to that of the lease: the tenant notifies the landlord of its intention by extrajudicial act or by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt, stating the activities envisaged, and the landlord has two months to dispute their related or complementary nature, failing which it loses the right to do so; in case of disagreement, the court rules having regard, in particular, to the evolution of commercial practice (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039280354\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039280354\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-47<\/a>).<\/p><p>A genuinely different activity falls under full change of use, which the court may authorise having regard to the economic situation and the needs of the rational organisation of distribution, where the new activity is compatible with the purpose, characteristics and location of the building, although the first tenant of premises within a commercial unit defined by a construction programme cannot rely on it for nine years from taking possession (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006222140\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006222140\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-48<\/a>). The move from a traditional restaurant to a delivery-oriented kitchen, with couriers coming and going and longer opening hours, deserves to be examined from this angle.<\/p><p>The risk of an unauthorised activity is real: the landlord may serve a formal demand relying on the termination clause, or use it later to refuse renewal. The firm reviews the permitted-use clause, drafts the notification and answers the landlord's objection.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The landlord refuses to renew the restaurant lease: what is the business worth?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The landlord may refuse renewal, but in principle owes eviction compensation equal to the loss caused, which includes in particular the market value of the business, removal and relocation costs and the transfer duties on a business of equal value (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221741\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221741\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-14<\/a>). Refusal without compensation requires one of the exceptions provided by law, in particular a serious and legitimate ground against the tenant, with, for failure to perform an obligation or cessation of operation without serious reason, a formal notice by extrajudicial act that has remained without effect for more than a month, or a building to be demolished for recognised unsanitary condition or that can no longer be occupied without danger (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221800\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221800\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-17<\/a>).<\/p><p>The leasehold right enters into the calculation, even if the restaurateur has found cheaper premises. The Court of Cassation holds that \"Eviction compensation must be set taking into account the value of the leasehold right to the premises from which the tenant is evicted, which is an element of the business\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/616676cfa1c75d6f42603edf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 13 October 2021, No. 20-19.340<\/a>) (our translation).<\/p><p>A disguised notice to quit is treated as a refusal. A notice offering a new lease on different terms, other than the price, \"must be analysed as a notice with refusal of renewal giving entitlement to eviction compensation\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/659f9e603328fa00087a2841\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 11 January 2024, No. 22-20.872<\/a>) (our translation). The firm quantifies the compensation and challenges the valuation proposed by the expert.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the court suspend a termination clause that concerns an obligation other than the rent?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. The clause takes effect only one month after a formal demand that has remained without effect, a period that the deed must mention on pain of nullity. As long as termination has not been recorded or ordered by a decision that has become final, the court seised of a request for time to comply may suspend the clause (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054142477\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054142477\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-41<\/a>).<\/p><p>This power is not limited to unpaid rent. In a restaurant case, the formal demand concerned the obligation to resume trading; the court of appeal had refused to examine the request for time. The Court of Cassation quashed the judgment, holding that \"the court may decide to suspend the effects of a termination clause, whatever the breach of its obligations alleged against the tenant\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67a45ce76f209ee13f481be4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 6 February 2025, No. 23-18.360<\/a>) (our translation).<\/p><p>For unpaid rent, the law of 26 May 2026 on simplifying economic life has tightened the rule: the tenant must be able to clear its debt and must have resumed full payment of the current rent before the first hearing. This regime applies to requests for suspension made from the entry into force of that law, under the same article. The firm checks the formal demand as soon as it is received, because the month runs quickly.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does a creditor holding a pledge on the business risk if the restaurant lease is terminated?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A business may be pledged, in particular in favour of the bank that financed its purchase (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072497\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072497\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 142-1<\/a>). Yet the leasehold right is often its main element: if it disappears, the security loses most of its value.<\/p><p>The law protects this creditor. An owner who seeks termination of the lease of premises in which a business encumbered with registrations is operated must notify the registered creditors of the claim, and judgment may be given only one month after that notification (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072469\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044072469\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 143-2<\/a>).<\/p><p>An omission engages the landlord's liability. The Court of Cassation quashed a judgment that refused to compensate a pledgee creditor, although, had it been informed of the writ of summons, it \"could have paid the rent arrears at the date of the formal demand to pay and could thus have preserved the leasehold right and, consequently, the business\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca824f891737725cb43600\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 25 October 2018, No. 17-16.828<\/a>) (our translation). The firm checks the state of registrations at the registry for the place where the business is operated before any action.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Seller and buyer disagree on a price calculated from turnover: who decides?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not the court. The price of the sale must be determined and designated by the parties (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441332\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441332\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1591 of the Civil Code<\/a>), but it may be left to the estimate of a third party (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038799710\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038799710\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1592<\/a>). The Court of Cassation deduces from this that \"the court may not fix the price of the sale\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/683fe329669ab945909609d8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 June 2025, No. 24-11.580<\/a>) (our translation).<\/p><p>In that case, the deed fixed the price on the basis of a turnover figure established by a third party appointed by common agreement, less certain sales. The lower courts had themselves quantified the items to be deducted, on which the parties disagreed. The judgment was quashed without remittal.<\/p><p>The lesson applies to restaurants sold on the basis of a multiple of turnover. The deed must define the figure used, the revenue excluded, the reference period and the role of the third-party valuer. The firm drafts these clauses before signing, to prevent the disagreement from leaving the sale without a price.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Texts cited on this page, checked on L\u00e9gifrance on 1 November 2026, followed by the firm's pages on related subjects.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038584414\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038584414\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 141-12, publicity of the sale of the business<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033388390\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 141-14, creditors' objections<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054140994\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 141-23, informing employees<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033613919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033613919\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 144-7, unpublished management lease<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221741\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006221741\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 145-14, eviction compensation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 145-16, assignment of the lease with the business<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054142477\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054142477\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 145-41, termination clause<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000023754935\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000023754935\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Public Health Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 3332-4, transfer of the outlet<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643456\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031643456\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Public Health Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 3333-1, suppressed licence<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441769\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441769\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article 1626, guarantee against eviction<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/administrative-closure-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Administrative closure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/commercial-lease-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial lease<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/business-sale-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Sale of a business<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/company-law-lawyer-paris\/share-transfer-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Share transfer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Business law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why have the preliminary agreement for a restaurant purchase reviewed before signing it?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because the preliminary agreement fixes almost everything. The price, its breakdown, the elements sold, the conditions precedent and the timetable are all settled in it, and the seller's privilege will cover only the items listed in the sale and in the registration or, failing a precise designation, the trading name, the business name, the leasehold right and the customer base, with separate prices for the intangible elements, the equipment and the stock (Article L. 141-5). Once it is signed, often only the negotiation of details remains. For a restaurant, three conditions matter particularly: obtaining the loan, the landlord's consent where the lease requires it, and the fate of the terrace, for which the buyer may apply for authorisation before the sale, the authorisation taking effect only once the transfer has been proved to the administration (Article L. 2124-33, public domain). The seller must also disclose the decisive information that the buyer legitimately does not know, a duty that the parties can neither limit nor exclude (Article 1112-1 of the Civil Code). The firm reviews the preliminary agreement against the lease, the accounts and the licence, proposes the clauses that are missing and points out what must be obtained before the final deed. The review is carried out on the documents, before any signature.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Buying the business or the shares of the company that runs the restaurant: what is the difference?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Buying the business transfers operating elements, without the past of the selling company. The Court of Cassation holds that, absent an express clause, \\\"the sale of a business does not automatically carry with it the obligations to which the seller may be bound under commitments it initially entered into\\\" (Cass. com., 25 October 2023, No. 21-20.156) (our translation). The buyer therefore takes over only what the deed provides, save for statutory exceptions such as employment contracts. Buying the shares, by contrast, brings the buyer into a company that remains the same, with its debts, its contracts and its disputes. The company remains the tenant, so the transaction does not in itself amount to an assignment of the lease; the lease must nevertheless be read to check that no clause governs a share transfer or a change of company officer, and the company's accounts and commitments must be audited. In both cases, the drafting of the deed matters. In a case concerning the transfer of shares in a company operating a business located on the public domain, the Court of Cassation recalled that \\\"the lawyer who drafts a deed owes all parties, whatever their personal skills, a duty to advise and, where appropriate, to warn, in particular as to the effects and risks of the stipulations agreed\\\" (Cass. 1re civ., 10 November 2021, No. 20-12.235) (our translation). The firm compares the two structures according to the known liabilities, the lease and the financing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When can the buyer pay the price of the business to the seller?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not before the objection period has expired. The buyer has the sale published in an authorised newspaper and in the Bodacc within fifteen days of the deed (Article L. 141-12). During the ten days following the last publication, each creditor of the seller, even if its claim is not yet due, may object to the price being paid, although the landlord cannot object for current or future rent (Article L. 141-14). A buyer who pays before that deadline is not discharged as against third parties (Article L. 141-17). The Court of Cassation confirmed this against an assignee who had paid part of the price directly: \\\"the buyer of a business who pays the seller before the expiry of the ten-day period following publication of the sale, open to the previous owner's creditors to object to payment of the price, is not discharged as against third parties\\\" (Cass. com., 8 March 2023, No. 21-18.677) (our translation). The judgment, unfavourable to the buyer, specifies that creditors are third parties whether or not they have objected. Hence the use of escrow: the price is handed to a third party named in the deed, who releases it only after the objections have been examined. The firm organises this escrow and checks the state of registrations before signing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the landlord block the assignment of the lease together with the restaurant business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The landlord cannot prohibit it: agreements intended to prohibit the tenant from assigning the lease to the buyer of its business are deemed unwritten (Article L. 145-16). The landlord may, however, regulate it through an approval clause, through intervention in the deed or through a joint and several guarantee from the seller, which the landlord can invoke only for three years from the assignment (Article L. 145-16-2). This ceiling does not apply immediately to leases in force when the text took effect in 2014: the Court of Cassation holds that this text \\\"does not meet an imperative reason of general interest justifying its immediate application\\\" (Cass. 3e civ., 11 April 2019, No. 18-16.121) (our translation). The date of the lease and its contractual history must therefore be checked. The approval clause applies even to the sale of the whole business. In a judicial liquidation, the Court of Cassation overturned a judgment that had set it aside on the ground that it covered only the assignment of the lease alone, and held that \\\"the landlord is entitled to rely on the lease clause providing for the landlord's approval of the assignee\\\" (Cass. com., 19 April 2023, No. 21-20.655) (our translation). This outcome is unfavourable to a successor who neglects approval. A seller who disregards it bears the consequences. Where the seller must guarantee the assignee against the eviction it suffers because the landlord, to whom the assignment is unenforceable, denies it the status of tenant, the Court of Cassation holds that \\\"it cannot obtain from the evicted assignee reimbursement of the rent and occupation indemnities it paid to the landlord for the period during which the assignee occupied the premises without fault\\\" (Cass. 3e civ., 4 July 2024, No. 23-13.822) (our translation).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the 4th category licence (licence IV) transferred with the business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It can be, provided that the deed designates it and that the licence is still in existence. The 4th category licence allows the sale of all drinks whose consumption remains authorised for consumption on the premises; the 3rd category licence is limited to groups one and three (Article L. 3331-1). A restaurant that sells alcohol only with main meals and as an accessory to food may be content with a restaurant licence: the small licence for third-group drinks, the restaurant licence for all drinks whose consumption is authorised (Article L. 3331-2). Transfer is subject to formalities. The change of owner or manager must be declared in writing at least fifteen days before it takes place (Article L. 3332-4), and the declarant must have followed the training that leads to the operating permit (Article L. 3332-1-1). Transferring the outlet within the d\u00e9partement requires the prefect's authorisation, after mandatory consultation of the mayors concerned (Article L. 3332-11). The first check concerns the date of last operation: an outlet that has ceased to exist for more than five years is regarded as suppressed and can no longer be transferred, this period being extended in the case of judicial liquidation until the close of the proceedings and suspended during a provisional closure ordered by the judicial or administrative authority (Article L. 3333-1). The firm checks these points before the price of the licence is fixed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the seller of a restaurant reopen an establishment nearby?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The seller must guarantee the buyer against eviction, even without a specific stipulation (Article 1626 of the Civil Code). A seller of a business who opens a comparable restaurant in the same street therefore risks the buyer invoking this guarantee for diversion of the customer base that was sold. The prohibition is not unlimited. In a case concerning a transfer of shares, the Court of Cassation requires that \\\"the prohibition on the seller re-establishing themselves be proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected\\\" (Cass. com., 10 November 2021, No. 21-11.975) (our translation). It overturned the judgment that had penalised sellers who re-established themselves more than three years after the sale, without examining whether the prohibition was still justified at that date. Whether the prohibition is justified is therefore assessed concretely, at the time of the acts complained of, in light of the business sold and the market concerned. This outcome was favourable to the sellers in that case. Hence the value of a non-competition clause drafted into the deed, limited in time and space, and adapted to the type of restaurant sold. The firm drafts it according to the client's position, seller or buyer, and analyses it when a dispute arises.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must the restaurant's employees be informed before the business is sold?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, in businesses that are not required to set up a social and economic committee with economic powers. An owner who wishes to sell the business informs the employees at the latest one month before the sale, so that they can make an offer (Article L. 141-23 of the Commercial Code). This period results from the wording in force since 28 May 2026. The sale may take place earlier if each employee has made known their decision not to make an offer. Where a liability action is brought, the court may, at the request of the public prosecutor's office, impose a civil fine that may not exceed 0.5% of the amount of the sale, under the same article. The sale does not terminate employment contracts. Where the employer's legal situation changes, in particular by sale, all contracts in progress continue between the new employer and the staff (Article L. 1224-1 of the Labour Code). The buyer must therefore know, before signing, the contracts, salaries and any disputes it is taking over.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Leasing out your restaurant under a management lease: what are the risks for the owner of the business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A management lease allows the operation to be entrusted to a manager who runs it at their own risk (Article L. 144-1). The owner keeps the business and receives a fee, but does not lose all interest in how it is run. The first risk concerns publication. Until the contract is published, the lessor is jointly and severally liable with the manager for the debts incurred for the operation of the business (Article L. 144-7). An unpublished management lease thus exposes the owner to debts to suppliers it never chose. The second concerns the staff. When the contract ends, in particular through the manager's liquidation, the Court of Cassation holds that \\\"unless the business is ruined, termination of the management lease by the judicial liquidator returns the business to the assets of its owner, who must assume all the obligations of the employment contract\\\" (Cass. soc., 3 April 2024, No. 22-10.261) (our translation). The owner therefore takes back the employees as soon as the lease is terminated, unless the business is ruined. The firm drafts the contract, the guarantees and the inventory, and follows the publication.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a restaurant add takeaway or delivery without the landlord's consent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Everything depends on the permitted use under the lease. A related or complementary activity may be added to that of the lease: the tenant notifies the landlord of its intention by extrajudicial act or by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt, stating the activities envisaged, and the landlord has two months to dispute their related or complementary nature, failing which it loses the right to do so; in case of disagreement, the court rules having regard, in particular, to the evolution of commercial practice (Article L. 145-47). A genuinely different activity falls under full change of use, which the court may authorise having regard to the economic situation and the needs of the rational organisation of distribution, where the new activity is compatible with the purpose, characteristics and location of the building, although the first tenant of premises within a commercial unit defined by a construction programme cannot rely on it for nine years from taking possession (Article L. 145-48). The move from a traditional restaurant to a delivery-oriented kitchen, with couriers coming and going and longer opening hours, deserves to be examined from this angle. The risk of an unauthorised activity is real: the landlord may serve a formal demand relying on the termination clause, or use it later to refuse renewal. The firm reviews the permitted-use clause, drafts the notification and answers the landlord's objection.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The landlord refuses to renew the restaurant lease: what is the business worth?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The landlord may refuse renewal, but in principle owes eviction compensation equal to the loss caused, which includes in particular the market value of the business, removal and relocation costs and the transfer duties on a business of equal value (Article L. 145-14). Refusal without compensation requires one of the exceptions provided by law, in particular a serious and legitimate ground against the tenant, with, for failure to perform an obligation or cessation of operation without serious reason, a formal notice by extrajudicial act that has remained without effect for more than a month, or a building to be demolished for recognised unsanitary condition or that can no longer be occupied without danger (Article L. 145-17). The leasehold right enters into the calculation, even if the restaurateur has found cheaper premises. The Court of Cassation holds that \\\"Eviction compensation must be set taking into account the value of the leasehold right to the premises from which the tenant is evicted, which is an element of the business\\\" (Cass. 3e civ., 13 October 2021, No. 20-19.340) (our translation). A disguised notice to quit is treated as a refusal. A notice offering a new lease on different terms, other than the price, \\\"must be analysed as a notice with refusal of renewal giving entitlement to eviction compensation\\\" (Cass. 3e civ., 11 January 2024, No. 22-20.872) (our translation). The firm quantifies the compensation and challenges the valuation proposed by the expert.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the court suspend a termination clause that concerns an obligation other than the rent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The clause takes effect only one month after a formal demand that has remained without effect, a period that the deed must mention on pain of nullity. As long as termination has not been recorded or ordered by a decision that has become final, the court seised of a request for time to comply may suspend the clause (Article L. 145-41). This power is not limited to unpaid rent. In a restaurant case, the formal demand concerned the obligation to resume trading; the court of appeal had refused to examine the request for time. The Court of Cassation quashed the judgment, holding that \\\"the court may decide to suspend the effects of a termination clause, whatever the breach of its obligations alleged against the tenant\\\" (Cass. 3e civ., 6 February 2025, No. 23-18.360) (our translation). For unpaid rent, the law of 26 May 2026 on simplifying economic life has tightened the rule: the tenant must be able to clear its debt and must have resumed full payment of the current rent before the first hearing. This regime applies to requests for suspension made from the entry into force of that law, under the same article. The firm checks the formal demand as soon as it is received, because the month runs quickly.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does a creditor holding a pledge on the business risk if the restaurant lease is terminated?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A business may be pledged, in particular in favour of the bank that financed its purchase (Article L. 142-1). Yet the leasehold right is often its main element: if it disappears, the security loses most of its value. The law protects this creditor. An owner who seeks termination of the lease of premises in which a business encumbered with registrations is operated must notify the registered creditors of the claim, and judgment may be given only one month after that notification (Article L. 143-2). An omission engages the landlord's liability. The Court of Cassation quashed a judgment that refused to compensate a pledgee creditor, although, had it been informed of the writ of summons, it \\\"could have paid the rent arrears at the date of the formal demand to pay and could thus have preserved the leasehold right and, consequently, the business\\\" (Cass. 3e civ., 25 October 2018, No. 17-16.828) (our translation). The firm checks the state of registrations at the registry for the place where the business is operated before any action.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Seller and buyer disagree on a price calculated from turnover: who decides?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not the court. The price of the sale must be determined and designated by the parties (Article 1591 of the Civil Code), but it may be left to the estimate of a third party (Article 1592). The Court of Cassation deduces from this that \\\"the court may not fix the price of the sale\\\" (Cass. com., 4 June 2025, No. 24-11.580) (our translation). In that case, the deed fixed the price on the basis of a turnover figure established by a third party appointed by common agreement, less certain sales. The lower courts had themselves quantified the items to be deducted, on which the parties disagreed. The judgment was quashed without remittal. The lesson applies to restaurants sold on the basis of a multiple of turnover. The deed must define the figure used, the revenue excluded, the reference period and the role of the third-party valuer. The firm drafts these clauses before signing, to prevent the disagreement from leaving the sale without a price.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script nowprocket data-no-optimize=\"1\" data-no-defer=\"1\">\n(function(){\n  var root = document.querySelector('.kccm .kcv'); if (!root) return;\n  var tabs = root.querySelector('#kcv-cabinet'); if (!tabs) return;\n  var ch = [].slice.call(tabs.querySelectorAll('.kcv-chip-t'));\n  var sl = [].slice.call(tabs.querySelectorAll('.kcv-slide'));\n  if (!ch.length || !sl.length) return;\n  root.classList.add('js');\n  function show(id, focus){\n    var c = ch.filter(function(x){ return x.getAttribute('aria-controls') === id; })[0]; if (!c) return false;\n    ch.forEach(function(x){ var on = x === c; x.classList.toggle('on', on); x.setAttribute('aria-selected', on ? 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Operate. Sell. YOUR BUSINESS. Preliminary agreement, lease, licence, management lease or writ of summons: show the document that concerns you to a restaurant lawyer in Paris. Go to the form In the media View the videos and their transcriptsVideos Discover our know-how in restaurant law. Lawyer ADMINISTRATIVE CLOSURE Paris Lawyer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1915146,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161385","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Restaurant Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Restaurant lawyer in Paris for the purchase, sale and lease of a restaurant business: licence, price, landlord. 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