{"id":2161369,"date":"2026-11-01T23:36:03","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:36:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161369"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:46:00","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:46:00","slug":"fintech-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/fintech-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Fintech and crypto lawyer in Paris"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161369\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161369 elementor-2160725\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7fd52a0 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7fd52a0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-89b0043 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"89b0043\" data-element_type=\"widget\" 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.chess-knight{top:295px;height:340px}\n.chess-hero{height:820px;margin-bottom:28px}\n}\n\n@media(min-width:651px){.chess-field{clip-path:none;border-radius:0;mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20650%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M38%2052H710Q740%2052%20740%2026Q740%200%20778%200H962Q1000%200%201000%2038V612Q1000%20650%20962%20650H38Q0%20650%200%20612V90Q0%2052%2038%2052Z%22\/%3E%3C\/svg%3E\");mask-size:100% 100%;mask-repeat:no-repeat}}\n\n\/* Groupes de pi\u00e8ces : cadrage large, texte d\u00e9gag\u00e9. *\/\n.chess-group .chess-preview .chess-knight{width:54%;right:0;height:580px;bottom:30px}\n@media(max-width:1000px) and (min-width:651px){.chess-group .chess-preview .chess-knight{width:52%;height:510px}}\n@media(max-width:650px){.chess-group .chess-preview .chess-knight{width:100%;right:0;top:310px;bottom:auto;height:320px}}\n\/* D\u00e9coupe initiale 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.chess-intro::before,.chess-intro::after{\n  width:32px;height:32px;\n  background:radial-gradient(circle at 100% 0,transparent 31.5px,#f7f8f8 32px);\n }\n .chess-intro::before{top:-32px;left:0}\n .chess-intro::after{right:-32px;bottom:0}\n}\n\/* Raccord progressif entre la landing et les domaines d\u2019intervention. *\/\nbody:has(.chess-preview) .elementor-754 > .elementor-element-4fdc5e4{\n background:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 190px) !important;\n}\n\n\/* Transition du blanc du menu vers le gris de la landing. *\/\n.chess-preview{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 120px)!important}\n\n\/* Proposition B \u2014 composition d\u00e9cal\u00e9e. Header et charte partag\u00e9s inchang\u00e9s. *\/\n@media (max-width:650px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-hero {\n    height:650px;\n    margin-bottom:12px;\n    overflow:visible;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-heading {\n    inset:0 auto auto 8px;\n    width:calc(100% - 16px);\n    max-width:none;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-heading h1 {\n    font-family:Lato,Arial,sans-serif!important;\n    font-weight:900!important;\n    font-size:clamp(43px,13.4vw,56px)!important;\n    line-height:.97!important;\n    letter-spacing:-.045em!important;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-title-paris {\n    margin-top:0;\n    font-size:1em;\n    letter-spacing:-.045em;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto {\n    width:115px;\n    margin:37px 0 0;\n    font-size:14px;\n    line-height:1.9;\n    letter-spacing:.015em;\n  }\n  \/* Un seul fond : la d\u00e9coupe porte sur son alpha, jamais sur le d\u00e9grad\u00e9. *\/\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field {\n    inset:229px 0 155px 0;\n    border-radius:0;\n    clip-path:none;\n    background:linear-gradient(155deg,#e8f0f9,#d6e6f4 60%,#e7eaf2);\n    -webkit-mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20304%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M555%200H930Q1000%200%201000%2024V277Q1000%20304%20921%20304H73Q0%20304%200%20279V191Q0%20166%2073%20166H288Q370%20166%20370%20138V64Q370%200%20555%200Z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");\n    mask-image:url(\"data:image\/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20viewBox%3D%220%200%201000%20304%22%20preserveAspectRatio%3D%22none%22%3E%3Cpath%20fill%3D%22white%22%20d%3D%22M555%200H930Q1000%200%201000%2024V277Q1000%20304%20921%20304H73Q0%20304%200%20279V191Q0%20166%2073%20166H288Q370%20166%20370%20138V64Q370%200%20555%200Z%22%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");\n    -webkit-mask-size:100% 100%;\n    mask-size:100% 100%;\n    -webkit-mask-repeat:no-repeat;\n    mask-repeat:no-repeat;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field::before,\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-field::after {\n    content:none;\n    display:none;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight {\n    top:193px;\n    bottom:auto;\n    right:-7px;\n    width:66%;\n    height:302px;\n    object-fit:contain;\n    object-position:center bottom;\n    filter:drop-shadow(7px 16px 13px #243d6225);\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro {\n    top:511px;\n    bottom:auto;\n    left:8px;\n    width:calc(100% - 16px);\n    max-width:none;\n    padding:0;\n    border-radius:0;\n    background:transparent;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro::before,\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro::after { display:none; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro-label {\n    font-size:9px;\n    letter-spacing:.15em;\n  }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-intro p {\n    max-width:320px;\n    margin:9px 0 19px;\n    font-size:13px;\n    line-height:1.5;\n  }\n}\n@media (min-width:480px) and (max-width:650px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto { margin-top:25px; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight { width:60%;height:300px;top:195px; }\n}\n@media (max-width:360px) {\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-motto { width:100px;font-size:12px;line-height:2.1; }\n  .mobile-study-b .chess-knight { width:64%; }\n}\n\n\/* Trois placements locaux : typo, image, contours et CTA de B conserv\u00e9s. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n .mobile-study-b1{--title-shift:12px;--motto-top:238px}\n .mobile-study-b2{--title-shift:20px;--motto-top:258px}\n .mobile-study-b3{--title-shift:28px;--motto-top:278px}\n .mobile-study-b1 .chess-heading,.mobile-study-b2 .chess-heading,.mobile-study-b3 .chess-heading{top:var(--title-shift)}\n .mobile-study-b1 .chess-motto,.mobile-study-b2 .chess-motto,.mobile-study-b3 .chess-motto{position:absolute;top:calc(var(--motto-top) - var(--title-shift));left:0;margin:0}\n}\n\/* B2 valid\u00e9e : r\u00e9server toute la hauteur du CTA et de son halo. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n .mobile-study-b2 .chess-hero{height:700px}\n .mobile-study-b2 .chess-field{bottom:auto;height:266px}\n}\n\n\/* \u00c9tudes mobiles uniquement ; menu et logo natifs, disposition plus compacte. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){\n body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-location-header{height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo{position:relative!important;top:auto!important;left:auto!important;width:100%!important;height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important;padding:0 20px!important;margin:0!important;display:grid!important;grid-template-columns:1fr auto!important;grid-template-rows:72px 32px!important;gap:0!important;align-items:center!important;background:linear-gradient(#fff,#f7f8f8)!important;backdrop-filter:none!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-26e7aca4{display:flex!important;visibility:visible!important;grid-area:1\/1;min-height:0!important;width:110px!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b{width:105px!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b img{width:105px!important;height:62px!important;object-fit:contain!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-7f9425b9{display:contents!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-68cc9a0{grid-area:2\/1\/3\/3;width:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls{width:100%!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls ul{display:flex!important;justify-content:center!important;gap:11px!important;align-items:center!important;padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls li{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls a{padding:4px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .wpml-ls img{width:16px!important;height:11px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485{grid-area:1\/2;width:auto!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485 a{display:grid!important;place-items:center!important;width:43px!important;height:43px!important;padding:0!important;border-radius:14px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-2b355485 svg{width:22px!important;height:22px!important}\n .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding:28px 16px 0!important;background:#f7f8f8!important;display:flow-root}\n .mobile-study .chess-knight{max-width:none}\n .mobile-study .chess-cta{max-width:calc(100vw - 64px)!important}\n .mobile-study .chess-intro-label{color:#6b747c}\n .mobile-study .chess-intro p{color:#40464a}\n}\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .navo.elementor-sticky__spacer{display:none!important}}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{visibility:visible!important;opacity:1!important;animation:none!important;transform:none!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-wrapper,body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-widget{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-hero-widget>.elementor-widget-container{margin:0!important;padding:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{display:flow-root}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(45px,5.2vw,80px)!important;line-height:1!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading{top:112px;max-width:54%}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-knight{width:48%;height:640px;right:3%;bottom:0;top:auto;object-fit:contain}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-motto{font-size:clamp(16px,1.6vw,25px)}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) #fr-contact-form{scroll-margin-top:110px}\n@media(max-width:650px){\n body:has(.fr-chess) [data-elementor-type=\"header\"]{height:110px!important;min-height:110px!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading{top:20px;max-width:none}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(37px,11.9vw,50px)!important;line-height:.97!important}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-knight{top:193px;bottom:auto;right:-7px;width:66%;height:302px}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-motto{font-size:12px;width:120px;line-height:2.1;top:238px}\n body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess .chess-intro{max-width:none}\n}\n@media(min-width:651px){\nbody:has(.fr-chess) [data-elementor-type=\"header\"]{height:80px!important;min-height:80px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{height:80px!important;padding:0 32px!important;background:linear-gradient(#fff,#f7f8f8)!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-26e7aca4{width:125px!important;min-width:125px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b{width:110px!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-element-5176e41b img{width:110px!important;height:65px!important;object-fit:contain!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{padding-top:30px}\n}\n\/* Le header natif FR est hors flux : r\u00e9server sa hauteur dans chaque copie. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:138px!important}}\n@media(min-width:651px){body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{padding-top:80px!important}}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo .elementor-invisible{visibility:visible!important;opacity:1!important;animation:none!important}\n\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess):not(.home) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:28px!important}}\n@media(min-width:651px){body:has(.fr-chess):not(.home) .fr-chess{padding-top:0!important}}\n\/* Contenir les carrousels et le footer copi\u00e9s dans la largeur de pr\u00e9visualisation. *\/\n\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-inner{min-width:0!important;max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-wrap{min-width:0!important;max-width:100%!important}}\n\/* Raccord menu blanc vers fond gris, sans bande de couleur \u00e0 la jonction. *\/\n@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-text,body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-form{min-width:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-title,body:has(.fr-chess) .kcf-hero-title-main{white-space:normal!important;overflow-wrap:anywhere}}@media(max-width:650px){body:has(.fr-chess) .hk-footer-avocat{max-width:100%!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .hk-footer-avocat img{max-width:100%!important}}body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7817ac8,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7f97ff5,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-62048c2{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px)!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-da753e9{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px),linear-gradient(180deg,#f5f4f8 0%,#e4eef9 100%)!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .navo{background:#fff!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 130px)!important}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-b8c5a8a,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-5abe9b0,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-6667b04,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-b003989,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-990a523,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-c9f42ee,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-263bc05,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-6cc331c{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .navo{background:#fff!important}body:has(.fr-chess) .fr-chess{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#f7f8f8 130px)!important}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.home:has(.fr-chess) #content{padding-top:0!important}body.home:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:138px!important}body:not(.home):has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{padding-top:28px!important}}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .chess-preview.mobile-study{background:linear-gradient(180deg,#fff 0px,#fff 110px,#f7f8f8 230px)!important}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.fr-hero-visible .kohen-avis-floating{visibility:hidden!important;pointer-events:none!important}}\n\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-7fd52a0,body:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-89b0043{padding:0!important;margin:0!important;width:100%!important;max-width:none!important;gap:0!important}\nbody:has(.fr-chess) .elementor-element-dd1953d{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,#f7f8f8 0px,rgba(247,248,248,.85) 45px,rgba(247,248,248,0) 200px)!important}\nbody.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(42px,4.8vw,74px)!important}\nbody.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-knight{width:53%;height:530px;bottom:30px;right:0;object-fit:contain}\n@media(max-width:650px){body.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-heading h1{font-size:clamp(35px,10.8vw,47px)!important}body.page-id-1915254 .fr-chess .chess-knight{top:265px;height:230px;width:85%;right:0;bottom:auto}}\n<\/style><div class=\"chess-preview fr-chess mobile-study mobile-study-b mobile-study-b2\">\n<section aria-labelledby=\"chess-title\" class=\"chess-hero\">\n<div aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"chess-field\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"chess-heading\"><h1 id=\"chess-title\"><span class=\"chess-title-back\">Fintech<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-front\">and crypto<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-front\">lawyer<\/span>\n<span class=\"chess-title-paris\">Paris<\/span>\n<\/h1><p class=\"chess-motto\">Understand. <span>Challenge.<\/span> Recover.<\/p><\/div>\n<img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Chess knight facing black pieces, an image of strategy against an online bank or a platform\" class=\"chess-knight\" fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/kohen-fr-affaires-hero.webp\"\/>\n<div class=\"chess-intro\"><span class=\"chess-intro-label\">YOUR FUNDS.<\/span><p>Closed account, disputed transfer, silent platform, lost investment: tell our fintech lawyer in Paris about the transaction and its dates.<\/p><a class=\"chess-cta\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"chess-cta-icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.6\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect height=\"14\" rx=\"2\" width=\"18\" x=\"3\" y=\"5\"><\/rect><path d=\"m3 6 9 7 9-7\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"chess-cta-text\">Go to the form<\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div><script id=\"fr-hero-widgets-20260920\">(()=>{const h=document.querySelector('.fr-chess');if(!h||!('IntersectionObserver' in window))return;const mq=matchMedia('(max-width:650px)');let inside=true;const sync=()=>document.body.classList.toggle('fr-hero-visible',mq.matches&&inside);new IntersectionObserver(e=>{inside=e[0].isIntersecting;sync()},{threshold:0}).observe(h);mq.addEventListener('change',sync);sync()})();<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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4px;padding:0 24px;text-align:center;line-height:1}.knp a.knp__videos{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;padding:9px 18px 9px 14px;border:1px solid #CFDEF0;border-radius:999px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#E6EEF8 100%);color:#1F4FA8;font-family:inherit;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;letter-spacing:.01em;line-height:1.2;text-decoration:none;transition:border-color .2s ease,box-shadow .2s ease,transform .2s ease}.knp a.knp__videos svg{flex:0 0 auto;display:block}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#DCEAFB 100%);border-color:#1F4FA8;color:#1F4FA8;box-shadow:0 6px 18px rgba(31,79,168,.14);transform:translateY(-1px)}.knp a.knp__videos:focus-visible{outline:2px solid #1F4FA8;outline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;align-items:center;column-gap:14px}.kcv-press.knp>.kcv-press-t,.kcv-press.knp>.knp__watchlink{flex:0 0 auto}.kcv-press.knp>.knp__piste{flex:0 0 100%}.kcv-press.knp p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"View the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">View the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"knp__piste\">\n<ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\">\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/le-point.svg\" alt=\"Le Point\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-figaro\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Figaro Immobilier: see the 3 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/le-figaro.svg\" alt=\"Le Figaro\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"liberation\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Lib\u00e9ration: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/liberation.svg\" alt=\"Lib\u00e9ration\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"les-echos\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Les Echos: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/les-echos.svg\" alt=\"Les Echos\" style=\"--h:23px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"20-minutes\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"20 Minutes: see the 12 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/20-minutes.svg\" alt=\"20 Minutes\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"ouest-france\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Ouest-France: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/ouest-france.svg\" alt=\"Ouest-France\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"franceinfo\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"franceinfo: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/franceinfo.svg\" alt=\"franceinfo\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"actu-fr\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"actu.fr: see the 3 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/actu-fr.svg\" alt=\"actu.fr\" style=\"--h:26px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"marie-claire\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Marie Claire: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/marie-claire.svg\" alt=\"Marie Claire\" style=\"--h:19px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"femme-actuelle\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Femme Actuelle: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/femme-actuelle.svg\" alt=\"Femme Actuelle\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"psychologies\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Psychologies: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/psychologies.svg\" alt=\"Psychologies\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"wikipedia\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Wikipedia: view the 4 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/wikipedia.svg\" alt=\"Wikipedia\" style=\"--h:21px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"data-gouv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"data.gouv.fr: view the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/data-gouv.svg\" alt=\"data.gouv.fr\" style=\"--h:26px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"leboncoin\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Leboncoin: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/leboncoin.svg\" alt=\"Leboncoin\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"pappers\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Pappers: view the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/pappers.svg\" alt=\"Pappers\" style=\"--h:25px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"laforet\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Lafor\u00eat Montesson: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/laforet.svg\" alt=\"Lafor\u00eat\" style=\"--h:24px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"economie-matin\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"\u00c9conomie Matin: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/economie-matin.jpg\" alt=\"\u00c9conomie Matin\" style=\"--h:24px;mix-blend-mode:multiply\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/lexbase.png\" alt=\"Lexbase\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"awwwards\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Awwwards: view the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/awwwards.svg\" alt=\"Awwwards\" style=\"--h:20px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"la-voix-du-nord\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"La Voix du Nord: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/la-voix-du-nord.svg\" alt=\"La Voix du Nord\" style=\"--h:17px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"sortir-a-paris\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/sortir-a-paris.png\" alt=\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\" style=\"--h:40px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"science-et-vie\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Science &amp; Vie: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/science-et-vie.svg\" alt=\"Science &amp; Vie\" style=\"--h:22px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"frandroid\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Frandroid: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/frandroid.svg\" alt=\"Frandroid\" style=\"--h:15px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"magicmaman\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Magicmaman: see the publication\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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d\u00e9noncent le \u00ab pi\u00e8ge de l'indivision \u00bb qui se referme sur les victimes de divorces tr\u00e8s conflictuels\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/immobilier.lefigaro.fr\/article\/elles-denoncent-le-piege-de-l-indivision-qui-se-referme-sur-les-victimes-de-divorces-tres-conflictuels-20260728\",\"citation\":\"Tant que le pr\u00eat n'est pas rembours\u00e9, ren\u00e9goci\u00e9 ou d\u00e9solidaris\u00e9 avec l'accord de la banque, l'engagement bancaire continue.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"},{\"titre\":\"Sa maison est fissur\u00e9e \u00e0 cause de la s\u00e9cheresse, la justice le rend responsable\",\"date\":\"2026-06-18\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/immobilier.lefigaro.fr\/article\/sa-maison-est-fissuree-a-cause-de-la-secheresse-la-justice-le-rend-responsable-20260618\",\"citation\":\"C'est \u00e0 l'assur\u00e9, demandeur \u00e0 l'indemnisation, de rapporter la preuve qu'il a satisfait \u00e0 cette obligation ou que de telles mesures \u00e9taient 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conseille sur son site Internet de proc\u00e9der avec m\u00e9thode en l'absence de mesures suffisantes face \u00e0 une forte chaleur.\",\"auteur\":\"Les Echos\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"ouest-france\":{\"nom\":\"Ouest-France\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Elle a laiss\u00e9 son fils b\u00e2tir sa maison au fond de son terrain, sans rien signer chez le notaire : 20 ans plus tard, \u00e0 la succession, la maison n'\u00e9tait pas \u00e0 lui\",\"date\":\"2026-10-06\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/pause-maison.ouest-france.fr\/elle-a-laisse-son-fils-batir-sa-maison-au-fond-de-son-terrain-sans-rien-signer-chez-le-notaire-20-ans-plus-tard-a-la-succession-la-maison-n-etait-pas-a-lui\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, cinq informations doivent \u00eatre r\u00e9unies avant toute analyse.\",\"auteur\":\"Pause Maison, Ouest-France\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Auchan devient Lidl : ce que change (ou pas) votre cr\u00e9dit Oney en 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Kohen\"},{\"titre\":\"\u00ab Pour renouer le dialogue c'est rat\u00e9 \u00bb : le sermon du pr\u00e9fet des Hauts-de-Seine aux parents d'\u00e9l\u00e8ves casseurs ne passe pas\",\"date\":\"2026-10-06\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/actu.fr\/ile-de-france\/nanterre_92050\/pour-renouer-le-dialogue-c-est-rate-le-sermon-du-prefet-des-hauts-de-seine-aux-parents-d-eleves-casseurs-ne-passe-pas_64886890.html\",\"citation\":\"Aucun texte ne donne au pr\u00e9fet le pouvoir de convoquer les parents d'un mineur.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Reda Kohen\"},{\"titre\":\"C\u00e9dric Jubillar surpris en plein acte sexuel au parloir : que dit vraiment la loi et ce qu'il risque\",\"date\":\"2026-09-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/actu.fr\/societe\/cedric-jubillar-surpris-en-plein-acte-sexuel-au-parloir-que-dit-vraiment-la-loi-et-ce-qu-il-risque_64844675.html\",\"citation\":\"Un confinement ou une mise en cellule disciplinaire de plusieurs jours, parfois assortie du sursis.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"marie-claire\":{\"nom\":\"Marie Claire\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Des plafonds de 31 et 62 jours : tout comprendre \u00e0 la nouvelle r\u00e9forme des arr\u00eats de travail\",\"date\":\"2026-09-01\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.marieclaire.fr\/reforme-arret-de-travail-septembre-2026-plafonds-droits-salaries,1519083.asp\",\"citation\":\"Pour une pathologie longue, l'arr\u00eat initial sera suivi de prolongations successives, chacune r\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9e par le praticien.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"psychologies\":{\"nom\":\"Psychologies\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Ce changement dans la loi sur le consentement pourrait tout changer pour les victimes de viol, et voici pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2025-06-18\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.psychologies.com\/actualites\/societe\/changement-loi-consentement-pourrait-tout-changer-victimes-viol-604168\",\"citation\":\"[\u2026] la charge de la preuve incombe \u00e0 l'accusation, et le doute doit syst\u00e9matiquement profiter 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fra\u00eechement isol\u00e9s juste pour y faire entrer la lumi\u00e8re : un an plus tard, c\u2019est la mairie qui a tout recompt\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-10-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/maison.20minutes.fr\/mm151832-jai-fait-percer-le-toit-de-mes-combles-fraichement-isoles-juste-pour-y-faire-entrer-la-lumiere-un-an-plus-tard-cest-la-mairie-qui-a-tout-recompte\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"20 Minutes\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"wikipedia\":{\"nom\":\"Wikip\u00e9dia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Rupture conventionnelle du contrat de travail\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rupture_conventionnelle_du_contrat_de_travail\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet y est cit\u00e9 en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence : \u00ab La rupture conventionnelle \u00e0 l'\u00e9preuve de la loi du 11 juin 2026 : l'inflexion d'un dispositif entre libert\u00e9 contractuelle et ma\u00eetrise des deniers publics 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse ?\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/produits-android\/maison-connectee\/climatiseur\/3196305_goutte-a-goutte-et-inondation-que-faire-quand-la-climatisation-du-voisin-ruine-votre-terrasse\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 la grille de lecture juridique publi\u00e9e par le cabinet sur les condensats de climatisation en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"magicmaman\":{\"nom\":\"Magicmaman\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Vous vivez en immeuble et vous n\u2019avez toujours pas de chauffage cet automne ? Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"selectra\":{\"nom\":\"Selectra\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Reflet des panneaux solaires du voisin : l\u2019argument qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 fait condamner un propri\u00e9taire \u00e0 les retirer\",\"date\":\"2026-09-24\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/selectra.info\/energie\/actualites\/marche\/panneaux-solaires-voisin-eblouissement\",\"citation\":\"Sur l\u2019arr\u00eat de la cour d\u2019appel de N\u00eemes du 3 avril 2025 (n\u00b0 22\/02456), l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"Selectra\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. Chi vende picconi decide di comprare la miniera\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/startupitalia.eu\/tech\/tredici-miliardi-per-unazienda-sconosciuta-ecco-su-cosa-si-basa-la-scommessa-di-nvidia-con-hugging-face\/\",\"citation\":\"Come ha ricostruito l\u2019avvocato parigino Reda Kohen, la competenza di Bruxelles non dipende dal prezzo ma dai fatturati delle parti.\",\"auteur\":\"StartupItalia\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"beincrypto\":{\"nom\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Wants to Tax Crypto Holders Before They Sell\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/beincrypto.com\/france-crypto-exit-tax-unsold-gains\/\",\"citation\":\"Left-wing deputy Nicolas Sansu filed it with 16 co-signers, and the National Assembly\u2019s finance committee adopted it on October 8, according to a Paris law firm.\",\"auteur\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"kucoin\":{\"nom\":\"KuCoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Proposes Exit Tax on Crypto Holders with Over \u20ac800,000 in Unrealized Gains\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.kucoin.com\/news\/flash\/france-proposes-exit-tax-on-crypto-holders-with-over-800-000-in-unrealized-gains\",\"citation\":\"Left-wing deputy Nicolas Sansu filed it with 16 co-signers, and the National Assembly\u2019s finance committee adopted it on October 8, according to a Paris law firm.\",\"auteur\":\"KuCoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"finst\":{\"nom\":\"Finst\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Wants to Tax Crypto Before You Sell\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/news.finst.com\/en\/articles\/france-wants-to-tax-crypto-before-sale\",\"citation\":\"According to a Paris law firm, the National Assembly's finance committee approved the plan on October 8.\",\"auteur\":\"Finst\",\"paraphrase\":true}]}}<\/script>\n<script nowprocket data-no-optimize=\"1\" data-no-defer=\"1\">\n(function(){\nvar EN=!\/^fr\/i.test(document.documentElement.lang||'fr');\nvar 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style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">CRYPTO, BLOCKED WITHDRAWAL<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/bank-fraud-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-16-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-16-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-16-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1062\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Bank fraud lawyer Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">BANK FRAUD<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/blocked-investments-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-22-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-22-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-22-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1133\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blocked investments lawyer Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">BLOCKED INVESTMENTS<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/crowdfunding-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-27-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-27-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-27-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1422\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Crowdfunding lawyer Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">CROWDFUNDING<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/nft-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-36-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-36-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-36-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1062\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"NFT lawyer Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">NFTs<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/blockchain-lawyer-paris\/\" class=\"opt-card\">\n            <div class=\"opt-card-bg\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-40-800.webp\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-40-400.webp 400w, https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/echecs-cartes-plein-cadre-20261011\/echecs-plein-40-800.webp 800w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width:767px) 280px,320px\" width=\"800\" height=\"1000\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Blockchain lawyer Paris\" style=\"object-fit:cover;object-position:50% 50%;\">\n            <\/div>\n            <div class=\"opt-card-content\">\n                <span class=\"opt-top\">Lawyer<\/span>\n                <h3 class=\"opt-title\">BLOCKCHAIN AND EVIDENCE<\/h3>\n                <span class=\"opt-bottom\">Paris<\/span>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/a>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<style>\n#slider-contentieux-seo {\n    position: relative;\n    width: 100%;\n    max-width: 100%;\n    margin: 0 auto;\n    padding-bottom: 20px;\n    background: transparent;\n    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif !important;\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo * {\n    box-sizing: border-box;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .opt-section-header {\n    text-align: center;\n    padding: 30px 20px 40px 20px;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .opt-section-header h2 {\n    font-family: 'Lato', sans-serif !important;\n    font-weight: 400 !important;\n    font-size: clamp(20px, 2vw, 30px) !important;\n    color: #212121 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    line-height: 1.2 !important;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .highlight {\n    color: #E09019 !important;\n    font-style: italic;\n    font-weight: 700;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .custom-slider-scroll {\n    display: flex;\n    overflow-x: auto;\n    gap: 15px;\n    padding: 20px 40px 60px 40px;\n    scroll-snap-type: x mandatory;\n    -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;\n    scroll-behavior: smooth;\n    scrollbar-width: none;\n    -ms-overflow-style: none;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .custom-slider-scroll::-webkit-scrollbar {\n    display: none;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .slider-arrow {\n    position: absolute;\n    top: 55%;\n    transform: translateY(-50%);\n    background: transparent !important;\n    border: none !important;\n    outline: none !important;\n    box-shadow: none !important;\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    cursor: pointer;\n    z-index: 20;\n    transition: transform 0.2s ease;\n    display: block !important;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .arrow-left {\n    left: 15px;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .arrow-right {\n    right: 15px;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .slider-arrow:hover {\n    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(1.05);\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .slider-arrow:active {\n    transform: translateY(-50%) scale(0.95);\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .opt-card {\n    position: relative;\n    flex: 0 0 auto;\n    width: 320px !important;\n    height: 462px !important;\n    border-radius: 50px !important;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    text-decoration: none !important;\n    scroll-snap-align: start;\n    background-color: #f0f0f0;\n    box-shadow: 0 4px 44px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n    transition: box-shadow 0.3s ease;\n    border: none !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n}\n\n@media (min-width: 1025px) {\n    #slider-contentieux-seo .opt-card:hover {\n        box-shadow: 0 4px 25px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n    }\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .opt-card-bg {\n    position: absolute;\n    inset: 0;\n    z-index: 0;\n}\n\n#slider-contentieux-seo .opt-card-bg img {\n    width: 100%;\n    height: 100%;\n    object-fit: cover;\n    transition: transform 0.5s ease;\n    border-radius: 50px !important;\n    margin: 0 !important;\n    padding: 0 !important;\n    display: block !important;\n}\n\n@media (min-width: 1025px) {\n    #slider-contentieux-seo .opt-card:hover .opt-card-bg img {\n        transform: scale(1.05);\n    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  white-space: normal !important;\n    text-shadow: none !important;\n}\n\n@media (max-width: 767px) {\n    #slider-contentieux-seo .slider-arrow {\n        display: none !important;\n    }\n\n    #slider-contentieux-seo .custom-slider-scroll {\n        padding: 20px 20px 40px 20px;\n        gap: 15px;\n    }\n\n    #slider-contentieux-seo .opt-card {\n        width: 280px !important;\n        height: 378px !important;\n    }\n}\n<\/style>\n\n<script>\ndocument.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function() {\n    const wrapper = document.getElementById('slider-contentieux-seo');\n    if (!wrapper) return;\n\n    const container = wrapper.querySelector('.custom-slider-scroll');\n    const leftBtn = wrapper.querySelector('.arrow-left');\n    const rightBtn = wrapper.querySelector('.arrow-right');\n\n    if (!container || !leftBtn || !rightBtn) return;\n\n    const scrollAmount = 335;\n\n    rightBtn.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n        e.preventDefault();\n        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elementor-element-ba20d0d e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"ba20d0d\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c54797 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"0c54797\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- kccm-reprise-2246-20261019 -->\n<style id=\"kccm-20261019\">\n@keyframes knp-defile{from{transform:translateX(0)}to{transform:translateX(-50%)}}\n.kccm .kcv{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; color:#1D1D1F; width:100%; overflow-x:clip; -webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased; }\n.kccm .kcv *{ box-sizing:border-box; }\n.kccm .kcv a{ color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-in{ max-width:1240px; margin:0 auto; padding:0 20px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kk{ font-size:12px; font-weight:700; text-transform:uppercase; letter-spacing:.14em; color:#E09019; margin:0 0 14px; }\n.kccm 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font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:16px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.15; text-align:left;\n  background:conic-gradient(from 280deg,#F5F7FA 0deg,#CCD7E4 40deg,#FFFFFF 80deg,#F6DFB3 85deg,#D4E8FC 92deg,#E0E5ED 150deg,#BACDDE 185deg,#FFFFFF 202deg,#F3E6C8 206deg,#CCEBF1 211deg,#EDF2F8 270deg,#C2D5E7 320deg,#FFFFFF 338deg,#F5F7FA 360deg);\n  box-shadow:0 2px 2px rgba(255,255,255,.53), inset 0 0 0 1px rgba(190,196,211,.4), 0 12px 18px -5px rgba(24,35,57,.27); transition:transform .3s ease, box-shadow .3s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:-7px; border-radius:inherit; border:1px solid rgba(136,141,148,.18); box-shadow:inset 0 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.6), inset 0 -2px 1px rgba(255,255,255,.47), 0 1px 2px rgba(61,66,67,.17); background:transparent; z-index:-2; pointer-events:none; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-fb::after{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; inset:2.7px; border-radius:inherit; z-index:-1; background:radial-gradient(at 35% 0%, 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88% 10%, rgba(46,107,216,.08), transparent 65%),\n  radial-gradient(800px 420px at 8% 60%, rgba(224,144,25,.06), transparent 65%),\n  linear-gradient(180deg,#EEF3FA 0%,#F5F8FC 48%,#FFFFFF 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-tabs-head{ text-align:center; max-width:900px; margin:0 auto; }\n.kccm .kcv h2{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-weight:400; font-size:36px; line-height:1.14; letter-spacing:-.022em; color:#1D1D1F; margin:0 0 14px; }\n.kccm .kcv-bar{ display:flex; justify-content:center; margin:30px 0 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-chips{ display:inline-flex; gap:4px; padding:6px; max-width:100%; overflow-x:auto; scrollbar-width:none; background:rgba(255,255,255,.6); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:999px; -webkit-backdrop-filter:blur(10px); backdrop-filter:blur(10px); box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF; }\n.kccm .kcv-chips::-webkit-scrollbar{ display:none; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t{ flex:none; font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:15px; font-weight:600; line-height:1; color:#5a6275 !important; background:transparent !important; border:0 !important; border-radius:999px !important; padding:13px 20px !important; min-height:0; white-space:nowrap; cursor:pointer; box-shadow:none; transition:background .25s ease, color .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease; text-transform:none; letter-spacing:0; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t:hover{ color:#1D1D1F !important; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t.on{ background:#FFFFFF !important; color:#1D1D1F !important; box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(16,32,64,.10) !important; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-chip-t:focus-visible{ outline:2px solid #2E6BD8; outline-offset:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide{ background:rgba(255,255,255,.86); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:30px; padding:52px 64px; box-shadow:0 24px 60px rgba(16,32,64,.07); scroll-margin-top:110px; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide + .kcv-slide{ margin-top:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv.js .kcv-slide + .kcv-slide{ margin-top:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide[hidden]{ display:none !important; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide > .kk,.kccm .kcv-slide > h2,.kccm .kcv-slide > .kcv-lead{ text-align:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-slide > h2{ margin-bottom:16px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-lead{ font-size:18px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; max-width:780px; margin:0 auto 30px; }\n.kccm .kcv h3{ font-family:'Lato',sans-serif; font-size:20px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.3; color:#1D1D1F; margin:30px 0 10px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-p{ font-size:17px; line-height:1.75; color:#1D1D1F; margin:0 0 16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:420px minmax(0,1fr); gap:56px; align-items:start; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-photo{ position:relative; margin:0; border-radius:26px; overflow:hidden; box-shadow:0 30px 60px rgba(16,32,64,.16); background:#EEF3FA; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-photo img{ display:block; width:100%; height:auto; aspect-ratio:1122\/1402; object-fit:cover; border-radius:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-cap{ font-style:normal; position:absolute; left:16px; right:16px; bottom:16px; border-radius:18px; padding:14px 18px; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-capn{ font-size:17px; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-capr{ font-size:13.5px; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-body{ padding-top:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-body > h2{ font-size:38px; margin-bottom:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-tags{ list-style:none; margin:0 0 24px; padding:0; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro-tags li{ margin:0; padding:8px 14px; border-radius:999px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; font-size:13.5px; font-weight:600; color:#3A4A5E; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 0 4px 10px rgba(16,32,64,.05); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pro-meta{ margin:20px 0 0; padding-top:18px; border-top:1px solid #DCE6F2; display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:6px 18px; font-size:14.5px; color:#5a6275; }\n.kccm .kcv-pro + .kcv-cards{ margin-top:40px; }\n.kccm .kcv-profile{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:150px minmax(0,1fr); gap:34px; align-items:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-photo img{ width:150px; height:auto; aspect-ratio:1122\/1402; object-fit:cover; border-radius:18px; display:block; }\n.kccm .kcv-profile h2{ font-size:32px; margin-bottom:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-nm{ font-size:18px; font-weight:700; margin:0 0 4px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-mt{ font-size:14.5px; color:#5a6275; margin:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-rule{ height:1px; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#CFDEF0 0%,rgba(207,222,240,0) 100%); margin:28px 0; }\n.kccm .kcv-cards{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:18px; margin-top:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card{ background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F6FAFF 100%); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:18px; padding:24px 24px 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card h3{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:17.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-card p{ margin:0; font-size:15px; line-height:1.62; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds{ counter-reset:c; list-style:none; margin:14px 0 22px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:12px; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li{ counter-increment:c; position:relative; padding:16px 18px 16px 58px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:16px; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.55; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li strong{ color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-conds li::before{ content:counter(c); position:absolute; left:16px; top:15px; width:28px; height:28px; border-radius:50%; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1F4FA8,#2E6BD8); color:#FFF; font-weight:700; font-size:14px; display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; margin:4px 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs-col{ background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:18px; padding:22px 24px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-vs-t{ font-weight:700; font-size:17px; margin:0 0 10px; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs ul{ margin:0; padding-left:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-vs li{ font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; margin:0 0 8px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-note{ margin:0 0 6px; padding:16px 20px; border-radius:14px; background:#FFF8EC; border-left:3px solid #E09019; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl{ list-style:none; margin:10px 0 26px; padding:0 0 0 30px; position:relative; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:9px; top:6px; bottom:6px; width:2px; background:linear-gradient(180deg,#2E6BD8,#CFDEF0); }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li{ position:relative; margin:0 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:-27px; top:4px; width:14px; height:14px; border-radius:50%; background:#FFF; border:3px solid #1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-tl-t{ font-weight:700; margin:0 0 3px; font-size:16.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-tl li p{ margin:0; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-check{ list-style:none; margin:0 0 24px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-check li{ display:flex; gap:10px; align-items:flex-start; background:#FFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:14px; padding:13px 15px; font-size:15px; line-height:1.5; }\n.kccm .kcv-check svg{ flex:none; margin-top:2px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details{ background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; border-radius:16px; padding:17px 20px; margin:10px 0; transition:border-color .2s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details:hover,.kccm .kcv-faq details[open]{ border-color:#9fc0e8; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary{ cursor:pointer; font-weight:700; font-size:16.5px; list-style:none; display:flex; justify-content:space-between; gap:14px; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{ display:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::after{ content:\"+\"; color:#E09019; font-weight:600; font-size:22px; line-height:1; flex:none; transition:transform .25s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open] summary::after{ transform:rotate(45deg); }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a{ margin-top:12px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a p{ font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; margin:0 0 10px; }\n.kccm .kcv-src{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-links{ margin:0 0 12px; padding-left:18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-links li{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:15px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-small{ font-size:13.5px; color:#5a6275; margin:10px 0 0; }\n.kccm .kcv-chips-l,.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips{ display:flex; flex-wrap:wrap; gap:8px; margin-top:6px; padding:0; background:none; border:0; box-shadow:none; -webkit-backdrop-filter:none; backdrop-filter:none; overflow:visible; }\n.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips a{ display:inline-block; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#E6EEF8 100%); border:1px solid #CFDEF0; color:#1F4FA8; border-radius:999px; padding:9px 15px; font-size:14px; font-weight:600; text-decoration:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-src .kcv-chips a:hover{ border-color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-center{ text-align:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-stats{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(4,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:14px; margin:6px 0 40px; }\n.kccm .kcv-stat{ position:relative; overflow:hidden; padding:22px 22px 20px; border-radius:20px; background:linear-gradient(150deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F4F8FE 60%,#EAF1FB 100%); border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:inset 0 1px 0 #FFFFFF, 0 10px 24px rgba(16,32,64,.05); }\n.kccm .kcv-stat::after{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; right:-30px; top:-30px; width:90px; height:90px; border-radius:50%; background:radial-gradient(circle, rgba(46,107,216,.12), transparent 70%); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-n{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:30px; line-height:1; font-weight:900; letter-spacing:-.03em; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-n sup{ font-size:.5em; vertical-align:top; position:relative; top:.1em; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-stat-t{ margin:0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.45; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-rows{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; }\n.kccm .kcv-row{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:260px minmax(0,1fr); gap:44px; padding:30px 0; border-top:1px solid #E3EAF4; }\n.kccm .kcv-row:first-child{ border-top:0; padding-top:6px; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-h{ position:sticky; top:110px; align-self:start; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-row-k{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-h h3{ margin:0; font-size:21px; line-height:1.3; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-b .kcv-p:last-child{ margin-bottom:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-row-b .kcv-conds{ margin-top:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-duel{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 54px minmax(0,1fr); align-items:stretch; margin:6px 0 26px; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt{ position:relative; border-radius:24px; padding:30px 30px 26px; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; background:#FFFFFF; box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(16,32,64,.06); }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-a{ background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F2F7FF 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b{ background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#FFF7EA 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-k{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b .kcv-opt-k{ color:#B07314; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-t{ margin:0 0 12px; font-size:23px; line-height:1.2; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-opt-n{ display:inline-block; margin:0 0 18px; padding:7px 13px; border-radius:999px; font-size:13.5px; font-weight:700; background:#E8F0FD; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b .kcv-opt-n{ background:#FCEFD8; color:#8A5A0E; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt ul{ margin:0; padding:0; list-style:none; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt li{ position:relative; margin:0 0 10px; padding-left:26px; font-size:15.5px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt li::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:0; top:7px; width:14px; height:14px; border-radius:50%; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#1F4FA8,#2E6BD8); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #E8F0FD; }\n.kccm .kcv-opt-b li::before{ background:linear-gradient(135deg,#E09019,#F0B04A); box-shadow:0 0 0 3px #FCEFD8; }\n.kccm .kcv-or{ align-self:center; justify-self:center; width:46px; height:46px; border-radius:50%; display:grid; place-items:center; font-size:14px; font-weight:700; font-style:italic; color:#5a6275; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:0 8px 18px rgba(16,32,64,.08); position:relative; z-index:1; margin:0 -8px; }\n.kccm .kcv-callout{ display:flex; gap:16px; align-items:flex-start; margin:8px 0 30px; padding:22px 26px; border-radius:20px; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#FFF9EF 0%,#FFFFFF 100%); border:1px solid #F3E2C4; }\n.kccm .kcv-callout p{ margin:0; font-size:16px; line-height:1.7; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-callout-i{ flex:none; width:40px; height:40px; border-radius:12px; display:grid; place-items:center; color:#E09019; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #F3E2C4; }\n.kccm .kcv-phases{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; gap:18px; margin:4px 0 18px; }\n.kccm .kcv-phase,.kccm .kcv-wide{ border-radius:24px; padding:28px 30px 24px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:0 14px 34px rgba(16,32,64,.06); }\n.kccm .kcv-phase h3,.kccm .kcv-wide h3{ margin:0 0 12px; font-size:22px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-phase-k{ margin:0 0 8px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.12em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-phase .kcv-p,.kccm .kcv-wide .kcv-p{ font-size:16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-quote{ margin:4px 0 16px; padding:16px 20px; border-radius:16px; background:linear-gradient(135deg,#F2F7FF,#FFFFFF); border-left:3px solid #2E6BD8; }\n.kccm .kcv-quote p{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:16.5px; line-height:1.55; font-style:italic; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv-quote cite{ font-style:normal; font-size:13.5px; }\n.kccm .kcv-wide{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:300px minmax(0,1fr); gap:36px; align-items:start; background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F4F8FE 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv-mini-stats{ display:grid; gap:10px; margin-top:16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-mini-stats > div{ padding:14px 16px; border-radius:16px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; }\n.kccm .kcv-mini-stats .kcv-stat-n{ font-size:24px; margin-bottom:4px; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs{ list-style:none; margin:10px 0 30px; padding:0; display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:14px; position:relative; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs::before{ content:\"\"; position:absolute; left:8%; right:8%; top:13px; height:2px; background:linear-gradient(90deg,#2E6BD8,#9FC0E8 60%,#E09019); }\n.kccm .kcv-hs li{ position:relative; padding:44px 16px 18px; border-radius:18px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; box-shadow:0 10px 24px rgba(16,32,64,.05); text-align:left; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs-dot{ position:absolute; left:16px; top:4px; width:20px; height:20px; border-radius:50%; background:#FFFFFF; border:4px solid #1F4FA8; box-shadow:0 0 0 4px #EEF3FA; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs li:last-child .kcv-hs-dot{ border-color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs .kcv-tl-t{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:15.5px; font-weight:700; line-height:1.3; }\n.kccm .kcv-hs li p{ margin:0; font-size:14px; line-height:1.55; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-split{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:minmax(0,1fr) 360px; gap:22px; align-items:start; margin-bottom:24px; }\n.kccm .kcv-split .kcv-check{ grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr; margin:0; }\n.kccm .kcv-split .kcv-check li{ padding:16px 16px; font-size:15px; border-radius:16px; box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(16,32,64,.04); }\n.kccm .kcv-act{ border-radius:24px; padding:26px 24px 22px; background:radial-gradient(420px 220px at 100% 0%, rgba(46,107,216,.14), transparent 60%), linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#EEF4FD 100%); border:1px solid #D4E2F4; box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(16,32,64,.08); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-act-k{ margin:0 0 6px; font-size:11.5px; font-weight:700; letter-spacing:.14em; text-transform:uppercase; color:#E09019; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-act-t{ margin:0 0 10px; font-size:21px; line-height:1.25; font-weight:700; color:#1D1D1F; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-act-p{ margin:0 0 18px; font-size:15px; line-height:1.6; color:#3A4A5E; }\n.kccm .kcv-act-b{ display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:16px; align-items:stretch; padding:6px; }\n.kccm .kcv-act-b .kcv-fb{ width:100%; }\n.kccm .kcv-faqgrid{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:320px minmax(0,1fr); gap:28px; align-items:start; }\n.kccm .kcv-act-sticky{ position:sticky; top:110px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details{ padding:0; border-radius:18px; overflow:hidden; margin:0 0 10px; box-shadow:0 4px 12px rgba(16,32,64,.03); }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary{ padding:19px 22px; font-size:16.5px; align-items:center; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq summary::after{ width:30px; height:30px; flex:none; border-radius:50%; display:grid; place-items:center; background:#F2F6FC; font-size:20px; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open]{ border-color:#BFD4EE; background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F6F9FE 100%); box-shadow:0 14px 30px rgba(16,32,64,.07); }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open] summary{ color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq details[open] summary::after{ background:#1F4FA8; color:#FFFFFF; }\n.kccm .kcv-faq .a{ margin:0; padding:0 22px 16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-arts{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(6,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:12px; margin:6px 0 16px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-art,.kccm .kcv .kcv-pg{ position:relative; display:flex; flex-direction:column; gap:4px; padding:18px 18px 16px; border-radius:18px; background:#FFFFFF; border:1px solid #DCE6F2; text-decoration:none !important; color:#1D1D1F; box-shadow:0 6px 16px rgba(16,32,64,.04); transition:transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease, border-color .25s ease; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-art:hover,.kccm .kcv .kcv-pg:hover{ transform:translateY(-2px); border-color:#9FC0E8; box-shadow:0 14px 28px rgba(16,32,64,.09); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-art-n{ font-size:19px; font-weight:900; letter-spacing:-.02em; color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-art-t,.kccm .kcv .kcv-pg-s{ font-size:13.5px; line-height:1.4; color:#5a6275; padding-right:20px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-art-a{ position:absolute; right:14px; top:16px; color:#9FB3CC; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-art:hover .kcv-art-a,.kccm .kcv .kcv-pg:hover .kcv-art-a{ color:#1F4FA8; }\n.kccm .kcv h3.kcv-center{ margin:34px 0 16px; }\n.kccm .kcv-pgs{ display:grid; grid-template-columns:repeat(5,minmax(0,1fr)); gap:12px; margin-bottom:14px; }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pg{ background:linear-gradient(160deg,#FFFFFF 0%,#F4F8FE 100%); }\n.kccm .kcv .kcv-pg-t{ font-size:16px; font-weight:700; padding-right:20px; }\n@media (max-width:1100px){.kccm .kcv-stats{ grid-template-columns:repeat(2,minmax(0,1fr)); }.kccm .kcv-hs{ grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); row-gap:18px; }.kccm .kcv-hs::before{ display:none; }.kccm .kcv-arts,.kccm .kcv-pgs{ grid-template-columns:repeat(3,minmax(0,1fr)); }.kccm .kcv-split{ grid-template-columns:1fr; }.kccm .kcv-faqgrid{ grid-template-columns:1fr; }.kccm .kcv-act-sticky{ position:static; }.kccm .kcv-wide{ grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:10px; }}\n@media (max-width:900px){.kccm .kcv-row{ grid-template-columns:1fr; gap:12px; padding:24px 0; }.kccm .kcv-row-h{ position:static; }.kccm .kcv-duel{ grid-template-columns:1fr; }.kccm .kcv-or{ margin:-8px auto; }.kccm .kcv-phases{ grid-template-columns:1fr; }.kccm .kcv-hs{ 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class=\"kccm\"><div class=\"kcv\">\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Fintech and crypto lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Fintech and crypto: <em>the client's side, not the issuer's<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key levers<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Savers, very small businesses, self-employed professionals \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>fintech and crypto lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Fintech and crypto-assets<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Fintech lawyer in Paris, member of the Paris Bar: disputes between individuals, self-employed professionals and small businesses and an online bank, a payment institution, a crypto platform or a crowdfunding platform.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">This page is not about the authorisation of companies in the sector, but about their clients. Three sets of rules intersect. The Monetary and Financial Code requires the provider to refund an unauthorised payment transaction no later than the end of the first business day after it is reported, unless the provider has good reason to suspect fraud by the user and communicates those reasons in writing to the Banque de France (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18 of the Monetary and Financial Code<\/a>). For crypto-asset services, the principle is authorisation as a provider by the Financial Markets Authority (Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers) under the European MiCA Regulation, but some entities that are already regulated proceed by simple notification and some offers of electronic money tokens are exempt from authorisation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051556869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051556869\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 54-10-7<\/a>): the provider's status must therefore be checked service by service. Finally, individuals keep their protection against unfair terms in contracts concluded with a professional (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032890812\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032890812\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 212-1 of the Consumer Code<\/a>). The firm starts by characterising the transaction, then checks which time limit is still open.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send the statements, exchanges and dates you have, even if incomplete: the firm sorts them and tells you what is missing, on <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Closed or suspended account<\/h3><p>A bank terminates an open-ended current account agreement by giving at least two months' notice on a durable medium (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038614561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038614561\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 312-1-1<\/a>). For a business account, the courts of appeal differ on this period (see the question on the closure of a business account).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Disputed payment<\/h3><p>An unauthorised transaction must be reported without delay as soon as it is known, and at the latest within thirteen months of the debit, on pain of time bar, unless the provider failed to supply the information on the transaction; for a business client, the agreement may set a different period (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-24<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Lost investment<\/h3><p>An action against the adviser or intermediary is subject to a five-year limitation period running from the day the holder knew, or should have known, the facts enabling them to bring it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2224 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Key levers<\/p>\n<h2>Characterise, report, <em>prove, act in time<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules come up in most claims by a client against an online financial provider.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li><strong>Everything depends on how the transaction is characterised<\/strong>: a payment transaction is authorised if the payer has consented to its execution (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-6<\/a>). Transfers ordered by an employee deceived by a fake executive have thus been held to be authorised, the employee having acted \"believing she was acting on the instructions of one of the directors, through the secure payment system made available by the bank\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6811bb2512a37cea68763c9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 30 April 2025, No. 24-11.255<\/a>) (our translation), a solution unfavourable to the company, which was denied the refund as of right.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The banker's duty of vigilance remains narrow<\/strong>: the Court of Cassation recalls that \"the banker's duty of non-interference in a client's affairs yields, by virtue of the duty of vigilance, only where there is an apparent anomaly\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/66332ca9cbff4d0008b074c1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 2 May 2024, No. 22-17.233<\/a>) (our translation). It nevertheless accepts, for authorised transfers, that \"although the bank's liability could not be sought on the basis of Articles L. 133-18 and L. 133-23 of the Monetary and Financial Code, it could be sought in the event of a breach of its duty of vigilance\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/684a6c123ec57bb95fcfd581\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 12 June 2025, No. 24-13.697<\/a>) (our translation), before quashing the judgment in the bank's favour.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Anti-money-laundering obligations do not benefit the client<\/strong>: the Court of Cassation holds that \"the victim of fraudulent acts cannot rely on their non-observance to claim damages from the financial institution\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69a7e41fcdc6046d47741278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 March 2026, No. 24-19.588<\/a>) (our translation). The argument, often put forward, should therefore be set aside.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The reporting period is not the period for bringing an action<\/strong>: a holder who has reported the transaction within thirteen months \"may bring an action for reimbursement against the payment service provider within the ordinary limitation period\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a44ade4cdc6046d476b80eb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-16.495<\/a>) (our translation). Except for an individual acting for non-professional purposes, however, the agreement may set a different reporting period (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-24<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Being approached by a fake adviser does not automatically rule out the client's gross negligence: the Court of Cassation quashed a judgment that had ruled \"on a peremptory ground excluding the payer's gross negligence where approached by a telephone call from a person presenting themselves as an employee of the payment service provider\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6aa137b1195da062e0d0e082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 September 2026, No. 25-15.038<\/a>) (our translation), a solution unfavourable to the client. It is nevertheless for the provider to supply the evidence of the user's fraud or gross negligence, the recorded use of the payment instrument not necessarily being enough (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-23<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to gather to <em>reconstruct the transaction<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The judge rules on dates and documents. A complete file avoids losing the time limit while documents are being tracked down.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Individual or saver<\/p><ul><li>Account statements and platform history, with the debit dates<\/li><li>Terms and conditions accepted and confirmation emails<\/li><li>Exchanges with the provider, the cold-caller or the fake adviser<\/li><li>Police complaint receipt and written complaints already sent<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Very small business, self-employed professional or association<\/p><ul><li>Business account agreement and special conditions<\/li><li>Letter of closure, suspension or request for supporting documents<\/li><li>Authorisations of the persons entitled to order payments<\/li><li>Documents showing the effect of the interruption on the business<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: waiting for the platform's reply before reporting the transaction to your bank; disputing by telephone without a dated written record; deleting the application or the messages that show how the fraud unfolded.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also draws on:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>AMF Mediator<\/li><li>Judicial officer<\/li><li>Banque de France<\/li><li>Investigative measures<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The order does not vary: characterise the transaction before choosing the opponent, then keep to the shortest time limit.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Characterisation<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Authorised or unauthorised transaction, payment service or investment service, consumer or professional client: each answer changes the applicable regime.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Timetable of deadlines<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Reporting without delay on discovery, within thirteen months in principle, limitation period for the action, notice of closure: the firm dates each deadline from the statements.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Written claim<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Reasoned letter to the provider, then referral to the competent mediator where that route suspends the limitation period.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Legal action<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Investigative measure to obtain the documents held by the provider, then a claim for reimbursement or damages.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Benchmarks: refund of an unauthorised transaction no later than the end of the next business day (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18<\/a>); report without delay, at the latest within thirteen months of the debit save for a statutory exception (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-24<\/a>); personal action within five years (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2224 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The stages of a <em>dispute with an online provider<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the first report to the writ of summons, indicative durations depending on the provider's response.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Report<\/p><p><strong>Without delay.<\/strong> Written declaration of the transaction to the provider of the debited account as soon as it is discovered, without waiting for the thirteen-month period to run out.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Complaint<\/p><p><strong>Weeks 1-2.<\/strong> Reasoned letter, enclosed documents, request for reimbursement or return of the balance.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Mediation<\/p><p><strong>Depending on the mediator.<\/strong> Referral to the AMF mediator suspends the limitation period for the civil action (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038588268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038588268\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 621-19<\/a>).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Evidence<\/p><p><strong>Before trial.<\/strong> Investigative measure ordered on application or in urgent proceedings where there is a legitimate reason (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Writ of summons<\/p><p>Before the competent court, after checking the jurisdiction rules and the validity of any clause: under domestic law, a clause departing from territorial jurisdiction is valid only between parties who have all contracted as traders and only if it is very prominent (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410147\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410147\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 48 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>); an international dispute is governed by other rules.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Limitation periods<\/p><p><strong>Five years.<\/strong> Running from the day the holder knew, or should have known, the facts.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before writing to the provider<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No complaint or writ of summons without having validated these points.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Exact identity of the provider, its authorisation and the State where it is established.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>The client's status: consumer, professional, association.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Authorised or unauthorised transaction, and the authentication method used.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Date of the debit, date of the report, time limits still running.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Suspension, closure and jurisdiction clauses.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Documents that only the provider holds and how to obtain them.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, risk, <em>act, decision<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most common trade-offs for a client of an online bank or platform.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Business account closed without notice<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Business interrupted, payments rejected.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Letter challenging the notice period, evidence of the loss.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Open a back-up account before taking any action.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Fraudulent transfer from the account<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Refusal to refund for gross negligence.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Written report and chronology of the fraud.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Report without delay, at the latest within thirteen months, then take action.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Payment ordered by a deceived employee<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Transaction held to be authorised.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Review of the bank's vigilance and of the authorisations.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Look for a specific apparent anomaly.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Crypto platform of doubtful status<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Provider not authorised or established outside France.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Checking the status on the list published by the AMF.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Choose the legal basis and the sanctions according to the applicable regime.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Foreign platform and a distant-court clause<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Dispute sent outside France.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Writ of summons before the court of the client's domicile.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Establish consumer status.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Unpaid crowdfunding bonds<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Individual action inadmissible for the common interests.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Preferred step:<\/strong> Referral to the representative of the bondholders' group.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Check who holds the right to bring the action.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>fintech, crypto and small clients<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">12 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kcf-1form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What does a fintech lawyer do for an individual or a small business?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A fintech lawyer acts on the client's side. Firms that describe themselves in this way most often assist companies in the sector with their authorisation applications. The position of a saver, a craftsman or an association is different: an account closed without explanation, a payment you did not intend, a platform that no longer replies, an investment whose capital has vanished. These disputes fall under the Monetary and Financial Code, contract law and, for individuals, consumer law.<\/p><p>The first task is to characterise the transaction. A payment transaction is authorised if the payer has consented to its execution (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-6<\/a>); if it is not, the provider must refund it no later than the end of the first business day after it is reported (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18<\/a>). If it is, the client must prove a fault by the provider under ordinary law.<\/p><p>The firm then examines the time limit still open, the identity and status of the provider, and the documents the provider holds. It can draft the complaint, refer the matter to the competent mediator or bring the action, indicating at each stage what the case law accepts and what it refuses.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>My online bank closed my company's business account: what notice did it have to give?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>For an open-ended deposit account, the law requires the credit institution to give at least two months' notice, served on paper or another durable medium (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038614561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038614561\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 312-1-1<\/a>). The courts do not agree on whether this provision applies to legal entities acting for their business.<\/p><p>The Paris Court of Appeal set aside the statutory period for a company's business account, while holding that \"closure may take place only on giving sufficient notice, allowing the client to contract for new banking services, which is assessed in particular by reference to the size of the client company and the nature of its business\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65d6f7fbd60f870008ffe6a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 21 February 2024, No. 21\/14330<\/a>) (our translation). It added that \"the decision to close the account need not be reasoned and is therefore discretionary\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65d6f7fbd60f870008ffe6a1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 21 February 2024, No. 21\/14330<\/a>) (our translation). It nevertheless awarded compensation to an estate agency whose thirty-day notice was insufficient given the volume of its business, and dismissed the claims of the other companies.<\/p><p>The Montpellier Court of Appeal, for its part, applied the two-month notice to a company but dismissed its claim for failure to prove the loss caused by the closure (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/690aee6c28bf9d42b6cc12a0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Montpellier, ch. com., 4 November 2025, No. 24\/04741<\/a>), an unfavourable outcome. From the closure letter onwards, the file must therefore include proof of the rejected payments and lost contracts. A company domiciled in France that has no account may also request the right to an account (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044605348\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044605348\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 312-1<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a payment provider suspend the account for my online business?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The general terms of payment providers and marketplaces almost always provide a power of suspension. The Court of Cassation has held, in relation to an online listing service, that by providing for a suspension clause on legal grounds and then applying it to a misleading site, \"a host does not create a significant imbalance within the meaning of Article L. 442-6, I, 2\u00b0, now Article L. 442-1, 2\u00b0 of the Commercial Code\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/66d804c38c253fd3db1c2ce5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 September 2024, No. 22-12.321<\/a>) (our translation). The outcome is unfavourable to the suspended company, whose business was held to be unlawful for lack of authorisation. This solution, specific to a host required to remove unlawful content, does not carry over of its own accord to a payment provider.<\/p><p>The position of an individual is different. In a contract concluded with a professional, a clause that creates, to the detriment of the consumer, a significant imbalance between the parties' rights and obligations is unfair (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032890812\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032890812\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 212-1 of the Consumer Code<\/a>). A clause allowing a consumer's funds to be blocked without notice or reason can be challenged on that ground.<\/p><p>In both cases, the firm reads the clause relied on, checks the notification and the reason alleged, then examines separately the basis for suspending the service and that for withholding or returning the balance, depending on the provider's status. The claim may then concern the return of the balance rather than the resumption of the relationship.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The bank says I authorised the fraudulent transfer: what difference does that make?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Almost everything. The refund as of right, within the business day following the report, applies only to unauthorised transactions (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18<\/a>). If the transaction is authorised, the client can obtain compensation only by proving a fault by the provider, most often a breach of the duty of vigilance.<\/p><p>The dividing line is severe for businesses. In a fake-executive fraud, transfers ordered by an employee who believed she was obeying a director were held to be authorised, the judgment noting that they had been made by the employee \"believing she was acting on the instructions of one of the directors, through the secure payment system made available by the bank\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6811bb2512a37cea68763c9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 30 April 2025, No. 24-11.255<\/a>) (our translation). The company's appeal to the Court of Cassation was dismissed.<\/p><p>Deception as to the person giving the order is therefore not enough to make the transaction unauthorised. The firm checks who actually validated the order, with what authentication device, and whether an authorised person was consulted. Where the transaction is authorised, it examines in particular the apparent anomalies that the bank holding the account could have detected, the basis accepted in the cases cited, without ruling out claims against the other parties involved.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Should the bank have blocked my transfers to a doubtful trading platform?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The decisions cited here did not take that view. The Court of Cassation holds that \"the banker's duty of non-interference in a client's affairs yields, by virtue of the duty of vigilance, only where there is an apparent anomaly\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/66332ca9cbff4d0008b074c1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 2 May 2024, No. 22-17.233<\/a>) (our translation). In that case, the unusual amount of a transfer was not enough, the client being himself its economic beneficiary.<\/p><p>The trial courts apply this rule strictly to fraudulent investments. For a saver approached by telephone who had transferred almost all of their savings to a trading platform, the Paris Court of Appeal upheld the dismissal of their claims, recalling that \"the client is at liberty to dispose of their savings as they see fit, even if that means drastically changing their habits and management choices\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6915bee25cc9fa7cae5f8907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 12 November 2025, No. 23\/17193<\/a>) (our translation). The decision is unfavourable to the saver.<\/p><p>The remedy is not closed, however. The Court of Cassation accepts that the bank's liability may be sought for breach of vigilance where the transfers are authorised (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/684a6c123ec57bb95fcfd581\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 12 June 2025, No. 24-13.697<\/a>). It is then necessary to show an anomaly that was apparent to the bank on the date of the order, on the basis of the information it held. The beneficiary's appearance on the AMF blacklist may be an indication, provided it predates the transfers: in the case decided by the Paris Court of Appeal, it came later and the saver's claim was dismissed (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6915bee25cc9fa7cae5f8907\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 12 November 2025, No. 23\/17193<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the bank be blamed for not applying its anti-money-laundering obligations?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No, on the ground of civil liability. Regulated financial institutions exercise constant vigilance over the business relationship (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033517733\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033517733\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 561-6<\/a>), enhanced where they consider the risk of money laundering to be high and in the other cases provided for by the legislation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033517667\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033517667\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 561-10-1<\/a>). Fraud victims often invoke these provisions to argue that the fraudster's account should never have been opened or credited.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation has closed this route. It holds that this duty of vigilance has the sole purpose of combating money laundering and terrorist financing and that, consequently, \"the victim of fraudulent acts cannot rely on their non-observance to claim damages from the financial institution\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69a7e41fcdc6046d47741278\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 March 2026, No. 24-19.588<\/a>) (our translation). In that case, the judgment that had ordered the bank to pay on this basis was quashed, a solution unfavourable to the client.<\/p><p>The argument must therefore be replaced by others. For an unauthorised transaction, the special regime of the Monetary and Financial Code applies. For an authorised transaction, the route examined in the decisions cited is that of the apparent anomaly. The position of the bank that opened the beneficiary's account is examined separately, in light of the documents obtained.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>I gave my codes to a fake adviser: can the bank refuse to refund me?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It can raise the point. The payer bears all losses caused by unauthorised transactions where they failed, intentionally or through gross negligence, to keep their personalised security data safe (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-19<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430501\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-16<\/a>).<\/p><p>The assessment remains fact-specific. The Court of Cassation quashed a court of appeal that had ruled \"on a peremptory ground excluding the payer's gross negligence where approached by a telephone call from a person presenting themselves as an employee of the payment service provider\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6aa137b1195da062e0d0e082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 September 2026, No. 25-15.038<\/a>) (our translation). The client who had disclosed their credentials and validated transactions they had not initiated lost the benefit of the judgment, an unfavourable outcome.<\/p><p>The account of the fraud therefore matters as much as the rule. Number displayed, information already known to the fraudster, messages received from the bank, exact nature of what was validated: the firm reconstructs the chronology minute by minute before answering the bank's refusal. The law also excludes any loss for the payer where the provider did not require strong authentication, except in the case of fraudulent conduct (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-19, V<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does my business also have thirteen months to dispute a payment transaction?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not necessarily. The user must report an unauthorised or incorrectly executed transaction without delay, and at the latest within thirteen months of the debit, on pain of time bar. But the same provision allows the parties to agree a different period, except where the user is an individual acting for non-professional purposes (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-24<\/a>). The account agreement of a company, a craftsman or an association may therefore provide for a shorter period.<\/p><p>The first check concerns this point. The firm reads the business account agreement and its schedules to identify the period that actually applies, then compares it with the date of the debit and that of the first written report.<\/p><p>Once the report has been made within the period, the court action is no longer confined to the thirteen months. The Court of Cassation so held in quashing a judgment that had declared the action time-barred: the account holder who reported the transaction in time \"may bring an action for reimbursement against the payment service provider within the ordinary limitation period\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a44ade4cdc6046d476b80eb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-16.495<\/a>) (our translation), provided they reported the transaction without delay once they became aware of it. The ordinary limitation period for a personal action is in principle five years (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2224 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is gained by proving that the provider lacked the required authorisation?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It depends on the service concerned. For crypto-asset services, the principle is authorisation as a provider by the Financial Markets Authority (Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers) under the European MiCA Regulation, but some entities that are already regulated proceed by notification and some offers of electronic money tokens are not subject to authorisation; the AMF publishes the list of authorised providers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051556869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051556869\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 54-10-7<\/a>). For the investment service of underwriting, authorisation falls to the Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority or, for portfolio management companies, to the Financial Markets Authority (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/686e0291e0a6f0ca1546efc8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 July 2025, No. 23-15.492<\/a>).<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation clarified the effect of lack of authorisation for the investment service of underwriting. Disregard of it \"is capable of engaging the civil liability of the person who provided that service where it causes its counterparty a personal and direct loss resulting from the deprivation of the safeguards attached to the authorisation of investment service providers, it cannot have the effect of rendering the contracts concluded null\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/686e0291e0a6f0ca1546efc8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 July 2025, No. 23-15.492<\/a>) (our translation). The claim for nullity had been rejected. This decision does not rule on a crypto-asset services contract subject to the MiCA Regulation, nor on other grounds of nullity: whether it can be transposed must be argued case by case.<\/p><p>Within the framework of that judgment, the client must show the personal and direct loss arising from the deprivation of the safeguards attached to authorisation. The firm first checks the provider's status on the date of each transaction against the authorities' public lists, then chooses the legal basis and the sanction suited to the applicable regime.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can an individual set aside a clause that designates a court outside the European Union?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In principle yes, if they are a consumer domiciled in France. Investment platforms established outside the European Union often insert a clause giving jurisdiction over disputes to a court in their own country. The Court of Cassation holds that, under the principles of French private international law, \"a consumer domiciled in France on the date of the document initiating proceedings cannot be deprived, by a jurisdiction clause designating a foreign court, of the right to bring the matter before the French courts\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ac6078ec27382d099f59d3b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 7 October 2026, No. 25-14.323<\/a>) (our translation). The appeal brought by the professionals was dismissed.<\/p><p>Two conditions must be checked. First, consumer status, which was not disputed in the case cited and is assessed by reference to the investor's activity. Second, domicile, assessed on the date of the writ of summons, at the place of the main establishment. In the judgment cited, the Court approved the judges for having established that domicile from concrete documents: invoices, statements, registration on the electoral roll.<\/p><p>The firm gathers this evidence before serving the writ of summons, then examines enforcement of the decision against a foreign provider, a question distinct from jurisdiction.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>When does the time limit for bringing an action start after the loss of an investment on advice?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The ordinary limitation period is five years from the day the holder knew, or should have known, the facts enabling them to exercise their right (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2224 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The provider often argues that it started at signature, when the saver could have read the documentation.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation adopts a different date where the complaint concerns the information given about the risk of loss. It holds that \"the limitation period for an action for compensation for such a loss cannot begin to run before the date on which the investment was lost\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/682d688216fd466a1ce9005c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 21 May 2025, No. 24-13.217<\/a>) (our translation). The judgment that had declared the action time-barred by using the date of the contracts was quashed, in the saver's favour.<\/p><p>This solution protects the saver whose investment collapses several years after subscription. It does not remove the need to prove the date of the loss: liquidation judgment, valuation statement, letter announcing the end of repayments. Referral to the mediator of the Financial Markets Authority also suspends the limitation period during the mediation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038588268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038588268\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 621-19<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>In crowdfunding, can I act alone against a defaulting project owner?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It depends on the security subscribed. Where the investor bought bonds, they belong to a bondholders' group (masse). The representatives of the group, authorised by the general meeting of bondholders, alone have standing to bring actions for the defence of the bondholders' common interests, and any contrary action is declared inadmissible of the court's own motion (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034799391\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034799391\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 228-54 of the Commercial Code<\/a>).<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation applies this rule even to preparatory measures. It held that a request for an expert assessment or for production of documents before any trial, where it concerns all the subscribers, \"may be brought only by the representative of the group authorised by the general meeting of bondholders\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67061cf4fde28ee420710da3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 October 2024, No. 23-10.645<\/a>) (our translation). The investor's appeal was dismissed, an unfavourable outcome.<\/p><p>A loan is not the same as a bond: intermediation in loan-based crowdfunding has its own regime, which excludes in particular activities falling under the 2020 European regulation on crowdfunding service providers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044564113\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044564113\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 548-1<\/a>). Who may act then depends on the platform's regime, the contract and the powers given to the platform to claim the sums due. The firm first identifies the nature of the security, the platform and the representative of the group, then chooses between collective action, filing a proof of claim and a personal claim.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page, checked as at 1 November 2026, and the firm's related practice areas.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 133-6, authorised transaction<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 133-18, refund of an unauthorised transaction<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 133-19, gross negligence of the payer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 133-24, thirteen-month period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038614561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038614561\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 312-1-1, notice of account closure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051556869\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051556869\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 54-10-7, authorisation of crypto-asset providers<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038588268\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038588268\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 621-19, AMF mediator<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032890812\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032890812\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Consumer Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 212-1, unfair terms<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034799391\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034799391\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article L. 228-54, representative of the bondholders' group<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Article 2224, five-year limitation period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/crypto-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Crypto, blocked withdrawal<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Our work in this area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/bank-fraud-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Bank fraud<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Our work in this area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/blocked-investments-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Blocked investments<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Our work in this area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/crowdfunding-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Crowdfunding<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Our work in this area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/nft-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">NFT<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Our work in this area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/blockchain-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Blockchain and evidence<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Our work in this area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Business law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does a fintech lawyer do for an individual or a small business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A fintech lawyer acts on the client's side. Firms that describe themselves in this way most often assist companies in the sector with their authorisation applications. The position of a saver, a craftsman or an association is different: an account closed without explanation, a payment you did not intend, a platform that no longer replies, an investment whose capital has vanished. These disputes fall under the Monetary and Financial Code, contract law and, for individuals, consumer law. The first task is to characterise the transaction. A payment transaction is authorised if the payer has consented to its execution (Article L. 133-6); if it is not, the provider must refund it no later than the end of the first business day after it is reported (Article L. 133-18). If it is, the client must prove a fault by the provider under ordinary law. The firm then examines the time limit still open, the identity and status of the provider, and the documents the provider holds. It can draft the complaint, refer the matter to the competent mediator or bring the action, indicating at each stage what the case law accepts and what it refuses.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"My online bank closed my company's business account: what notice did it have to give?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"For an open-ended deposit account, the law requires the credit institution to give at least two months' notice, served on paper or another durable medium (Article L. 312-1-1). The courts do not agree on whether this provision applies to legal entities acting for their business. The Paris Court of Appeal set aside the statutory period for a company's business account, while holding that \\\"closure may take place only on giving sufficient notice, allowing the client to contract for new banking services, which is assessed in particular by reference to the size of the client company and the nature of its business\\\" (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 21 February 2024, No. 21\/14330) (our translation). It added that \\\"the decision to close the account need not be reasoned and is therefore discretionary\\\" (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 21 February 2024, No. 21\/14330) (our translation). It nevertheless awarded compensation to an estate agency whose thirty-day notice was insufficient given the volume of its business, and dismissed the claims of the other companies. The Montpellier Court of Appeal, for its part, applied the two-month notice to a company but dismissed its claim for failure to prove the loss caused by the closure (CA Montpellier, ch. com., 4 November 2025, No. 24\/04741), an unfavourable outcome. From the closure letter onwards, the file must therefore include proof of the rejected payments and lost contracts. A company domiciled in France that has no account may also request the right to an account (Article L. 312-1).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a payment provider suspend the account for my online business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The general terms of payment providers and marketplaces almost always provide a power of suspension. The Court of Cassation has held, in relation to an online listing service, that by providing for a suspension clause on legal grounds and then applying it to a misleading site, \\\"a host does not create a significant imbalance within the meaning of Article L. 442-6, I, 2\u00b0, now Article L. 442-1, 2\u00b0 of the Commercial Code\\\" (Cass. com., 4 September 2024, No. 22-12.321) (our translation). The outcome is unfavourable to the suspended company, whose business was held to be unlawful for lack of authorisation. This solution, specific to a host required to remove unlawful content, does not carry over of its own accord to a payment provider. The position of an individual is different. In a contract concluded with a professional, a clause that creates, to the detriment of the consumer, a significant imbalance between the parties' rights and obligations is unfair (Article L. 212-1 of the Consumer Code). A clause allowing a consumer's funds to be blocked without notice or reason can be challenged on that ground. In both cases, the firm reads the clause relied on, checks the notification and the reason alleged, then examines separately the basis for suspending the service and that for withholding or returning the balance, depending on the provider's status. The claim may then concern the return of the balance rather than the resumption of the relationship.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The bank says I authorised the fraudulent transfer: what difference does that make?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Almost everything. The refund as of right, within the business day following the report, applies only to unauthorised transactions (Article L. 133-18). If the transaction is authorised, the client can obtain compensation only by proving a fault by the provider, most often a breach of the duty of vigilance. The dividing line is severe for businesses. In a fake-executive fraud, transfers ordered by an employee who believed she was obeying a director were held to be authorised, the judgment noting that they had been made by the employee \\\"believing she was acting on the instructions of one of the directors, through the secure payment system made available by the bank\\\" (Cass. com., 30 April 2025, No. 24-11.255) (our translation). The company's appeal to the Court of Cassation was dismissed. Deception as to the person giving the order is therefore not enough to make the transaction unauthorised. The firm checks who actually validated the order, with what authentication device, and whether an authorised person was consulted. Where the transaction is authorised, it examines in particular the apparent anomalies that the bank holding the account could have detected, the basis accepted in the cases cited, without ruling out claims against the other parties involved.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Should the bank have blocked my transfers to a doubtful trading platform?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The decisions cited here did not take that view. The Court of Cassation holds that \\\"the banker's duty of non-interference in a client's affairs yields, by virtue of the duty of vigilance, only where there is an apparent anomaly\\\" (Cass. com., 2 May 2024, No. 22-17.233) (our translation). In that case, the unusual amount of a transfer was not enough, the client being himself its economic beneficiary. The trial courts apply this rule strictly to fraudulent investments. For a saver approached by telephone who had transferred almost all of their savings to a trading platform, the Paris Court of Appeal upheld the dismissal of their claims, recalling that \\\"the client is at liberty to dispose of their savings as they see fit, even if that means drastically changing their habits and management choices\\\" (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 12 November 2025, No. 23\/17193) (our translation). The decision is unfavourable to the saver. The remedy is not closed, however. The Court of Cassation accepts that the bank's liability may be sought for breach of vigilance where the transfers are authorised (Cass. com., 12 June 2025, No. 24-13.697). It is then necessary to show an anomaly that was apparent to the bank on the date of the order, on the basis of the information it held. The beneficiary's appearance on the AMF blacklist may be an indication, provided it predates the transfers: in the case decided by the Paris Court of Appeal, it came later and the saver's claim was dismissed (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 12 November 2025, No. 23\/17193).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the bank be blamed for not applying its anti-money-laundering obligations?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, on the ground of civil liability. Regulated financial institutions exercise constant vigilance over the business relationship (Article L. 561-6), enhanced where they consider the risk of money laundering to be high and in the other cases provided for by the legislation (Article L. 561-10-1). Fraud victims often invoke these provisions to argue that the fraudster's account should never have been opened or credited. The Court of Cassation has closed this route. It holds that this duty of vigilance has the sole purpose of combating money laundering and terrorist financing and that, consequently, \\\"the victim of fraudulent acts cannot rely on their non-observance to claim damages from the financial institution\\\" (Cass. com., 4 March 2026, No. 24-19.588) (our translation). In that case, the judgment that had ordered the bank to pay on this basis was quashed, a solution unfavourable to the client. The argument must therefore be replaced by others. For an unauthorised transaction, the special regime of the Monetary and Financial Code applies. For an authorised transaction, the route examined in the decisions cited is that of the apparent anomaly. The position of the bank that opened the beneficiary's account is examined separately, in light of the documents obtained.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"I gave my codes to a fake adviser: can the bank refuse to refund me?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It can raise the point. The payer bears all losses caused by unauthorised transactions where they failed, intentionally or through gross negligence, to keep their personalised security data safe (Article L. 133-19; Article L. 133-16). The assessment remains fact-specific. The Court of Cassation quashed a court of appeal that had ruled \\\"on a peremptory ground excluding the payer's gross negligence where approached by a telephone call from a person presenting themselves as an employee of the payment service provider\\\" (Cass. com., 9 September 2026, No. 25-15.038) (our translation). The client who had disclosed their credentials and validated transactions they had not initiated lost the benefit of the judgment, an unfavourable outcome. The account of the fraud therefore matters as much as the rule. Number displayed, information already known to the fraudster, messages received from the bank, exact nature of what was validated: the firm reconstructs the chronology minute by minute before answering the bank's refusal. The law also excludes any loss for the payer where the provider did not require strong authentication, except in the case of fraudulent conduct (Article L. 133-19, V).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does my business also have thirteen months to dispute a payment transaction?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not necessarily. The user must report an unauthorised or incorrectly executed transaction without delay, and at the latest within thirteen months of the debit, on pain of time bar. But the same provision allows the parties to agree a different period, except where the user is an individual acting for non-professional purposes (Article L. 133-24). The account agreement of a company, a craftsman or an association may therefore provide for a shorter period. The first check concerns this point. The firm reads the business account agreement and its schedules to identify the period that actually applies, then compares it with the date of the debit and that of the first written report. Once the report has been made within the period, the court action is no longer confined to the thirteen months. The Court of Cassation so held in quashing a judgment that had declared the action time-barred: the account holder who reported the transaction in time \\\"may bring an action for reimbursement against the payment service provider within the ordinary limitation period\\\" (Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-16.495) (our translation), provided they reported the transaction without delay once they became aware of it. The ordinary limitation period for a personal action is in principle five years (Article 2224 of the Civil Code).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is gained by proving that the provider lacked the required authorisation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It depends on the service concerned. For crypto-asset services, the principle is authorisation as a provider by the Financial Markets Authority (Autorit\u00e9 des march\u00e9s financiers) under the European MiCA Regulation, but some entities that are already regulated proceed by notification and some offers of electronic money tokens are not subject to authorisation; the AMF publishes the list of authorised providers (Article L. 54-10-7). For the investment service of underwriting, authorisation falls to the Prudential Supervision and Resolution Authority or, for portfolio management companies, to the Financial Markets Authority (Cass. com., 9 July 2025, No. 23-15.492). The Court of Cassation clarified the effect of lack of authorisation for the investment service of underwriting. Disregard of it \\\"is capable of engaging the civil liability of the person who provided that service where it causes its counterparty a personal and direct loss resulting from the deprivation of the safeguards attached to the authorisation of investment service providers, it cannot have the effect of rendering the contracts concluded null\\\" (Cass. com., 9 July 2025, No. 23-15.492) (our translation). The claim for nullity had been rejected. This decision does not rule on a crypto-asset services contract subject to the MiCA Regulation, nor on other grounds of nullity: whether it can be transposed must be argued case by case. Within the framework of that judgment, the client must show the personal and direct loss arising from the deprivation of the safeguards attached to authorisation. The firm first checks the provider's status on the date of each transaction against the authorities' public lists, then chooses the legal basis and the sanction suited to the applicable regime.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can an individual set aside a clause that designates a court outside the European Union?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In principle yes, if they are a consumer domiciled in France. Investment platforms established outside the European Union often insert a clause giving jurisdiction over disputes to a court in their own country. The Court of Cassation holds that, under the principles of French private international law, \\\"a consumer domiciled in France on the date of the document initiating proceedings cannot be deprived, by a jurisdiction clause designating a foreign court, of the right to bring the matter before the French courts\\\" (Cass. 1re civ., 7 October 2026, No. 25-14.323) (our translation). The appeal brought by the professionals was dismissed. Two conditions must be checked. First, consumer status, which was not disputed in the case cited and is assessed by reference to the investor's activity. Second, domicile, assessed on the date of the writ of summons, at the place of the main establishment. In the judgment cited, the Court approved the judges for having established that domicile from concrete documents: invoices, statements, registration on the electoral roll. The firm gathers this evidence before serving the writ of summons, then examines enforcement of the decision against a foreign provider, a question distinct from jurisdiction.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When does the time limit for bringing an action start after the loss of an investment on advice?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ordinary limitation period is five years from the day the holder knew, or should have known, the facts enabling them to exercise their right (Article 2224 of the Civil Code). The provider often argues that it started at signature, when the saver could have read the documentation. The Court of Cassation adopts a different date where the complaint concerns the information given about the risk of loss. It holds that \\\"the limitation period for an action for compensation for such a loss cannot begin to run before the date on which the investment was lost\\\" (Cass. com., 21 May 2025, No. 24-13.217) (our translation). The judgment that had declared the action time-barred by using the date of the contracts was quashed, in the saver's favour. This solution protects the saver whose investment collapses several years after subscription. It does not remove the need to prove the date of the loss: liquidation judgment, valuation statement, letter announcing the end of repayments. Referral to the mediator of the Financial Markets Authority also suspends the limitation period during the mediation (Article L. 621-19).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"In crowdfunding, can I act alone against a defaulting project owner?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It depends on the security subscribed. Where the investor bought bonds, they belong to a bondholders' group (masse). The representatives of the group, authorised by the general meeting of bondholders, alone have standing to bring actions for the defence of the bondholders' common interests, and any contrary action is declared inadmissible of the court's own motion (Article L. 228-54 of the Commercial Code). The Court of Cassation applies this rule even to preparatory measures. It held that a request for an expert assessment or for production of documents before any trial, where it concerns all the subscribers, \\\"may be brought only by the representative of the group authorised by the general meeting of bondholders\\\" (Cass. com., 9 October 2024, No. 23-10.645) (our translation). The investor's appeal was dismissed, an unfavourable outcome. A loan is not the same as a bond: intermediation in loan-based crowdfunding has its own regime, which excludes in particular activities falling under the 2020 European regulation on crowdfunding service providers (Article L. 548-1). Who may act then depends on the platform's regime, the contract and the powers given to the platform to claim the sums due. The firm first identifies the nature of the security, the platform and the representative of the group, then chooses between collective action, filing a proof of claim and a personal claim.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script nowprocket data-no-optimize=\"1\" data-no-defer=\"1\">\n(function(){\n  var root = document.querySelector('.kccm .kcv'); if (!root) return;\n  var tabs = root.querySelector('#kcv-cabinet'); if (!tabs) return;\n  var ch = [].slice.call(tabs.querySelectorAll('.kcv-chip-t'));\n  var sl = [].slice.call(tabs.querySelectorAll('.kcv-slide'));\n  if (!ch.length || !sl.length) return;\n  root.classList.add('js');\n  function show(id, focus){\n    var c = ch.filter(function(x){ return x.getAttribute('aria-controls') === id; })[0]; if (!c) return false;\n    ch.forEach(function(x){ var on = x === c; x.classList.toggle('on', on); x.setAttribute('aria-selected', on ? 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Challenge. Recover. YOUR FUNDS. Closed account, disputed transfer, silent platform, lost investment: tell our fintech lawyer in Paris about the transaction and its dates. Go to the form In the media View the videos and their transcriptsVideos Discover our fintech and crypto know-how. Lawyer CRYPTO, BLOCKED WITHDRAWAL Paris Lawyer [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1915146,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161369","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Fintech Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Fintech lawyer Paris for savers and small businesses: closed accounts, disputed payments, blocked crypto, lost investments. 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