{"id":2161347,"date":"2026-11-01T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161347"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:35:03","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:35:03","slug":"administrative-court-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/administrative-court-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Administrative court lawyer in Paris"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161347\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161347 elementor-2160720\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-tribunal-administratif-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Time limit, application, T\u00e9l\u00e9recours, urgent applications: bringing a case before the administrative court in Paris<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Administrative court lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> bringing your case in time, with an admissible application.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A challenge to a decision of the prefecture, the town hall, a ministry or a public body, a claim for compensation or an urgent procedure: before the administrative court, the time limit, the form of the application and the choice of urgent application often decide the fate of the case before the merits are examined at all. An administrative court lawyer in Paris checks these points first.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">The ordinary time limit is two months from notification of the decision. Keep the envelope, the acknowledgement of receipt or the email that dates the notification, together with proof of any request that has gone unanswered.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Administrative court \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the decision you are challenging, proof of its date of notification, your correspondence with the authority and the documents that support your position: the firm will examine the time remaining, the competent court and the appropriate route of challenge.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. Your data is used only to process your request. <a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\">Privacy policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/form>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-press knp\">\n<style>\n    .kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:132s}@media (max-width:600px){.kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:96s}}\n    .knp .knp__piste:hover ul.knp__ruban,.knp.knp--ouvert ul.knp__ruban{animation-play-state:paused}\n    .knp .knp__piste:has(button:focus-visible) ul.knp__ruban{animation:none}\n    .knp button.knp__logo{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:100%;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .2s ease}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:hover{transform:scale(1.05)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:active{transform:scale(.97)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:focus-visible{outline:2px solid 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p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">Watch the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n        <div class=\"knp__piste\"><ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Public law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What an <em>administrative court lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Public law<\/li><li>Administrative litigation<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar, can act in public law and administrative litigation, from preparing the challenge through to the hearing before the administrative court.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">An application to the administrative court may be dismissed without any examination of the merits where it is late, wrongly directed, lacks grounds or is wrongly transmitted. The firm checks these conditions first, because they are often decided in the days following notification of the decision.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">As a general rule, the court is seised only by a challenge to a decision, brought within two months of its notification or publication (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice, known as the code de justice administrative<\/a>). Depending on the case, the challenge seeks the annulment of a refusal, compensation for damage or an urgent measure before the urgent applications judge, including the r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9 mesures utiles, which is admissible even where there is no prior administrative decision (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449328\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 521-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>).<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The time limit first<\/h3><p>Date of notification, information on routes of challenge, informal administrative appeal or administrative silence: the time limit is calculated before anything is drafted.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A complete application<\/h3><p>Statement of the facts and grounds, claims, the contested decision: the absence of any one of these can make the application inadmissible, and poorly inventoried documents may be excluded from the proceedings.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Urgency where it exists<\/h3><p>Urgent application for a suspension, urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom or urgent application for useful measures: each has its own conditions, which the application must establish with supporting documents.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Time limit, application, T\u00e9l\u00e9recours: <em>the admissibility rules<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules govern the admissibility of a challenge before the administrative court.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>The time limit for challenge is two months from notification or publication of the decision (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>), but it can be relied on against you only if the notification states the routes and time limits for challenge (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Failing that, the Council of State (Conseil d'\u00c9tat) limits the challenge to a reasonable period, in principle one year from knowledge of the decision, and on that ground rejected a driver's application (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000038815794\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000038815794\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 24 July 2019, No. 417753<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The application sets out the facts and the grounds as well as the claims; an application with no ground at all can be remedied only until the time limit for challenge expires (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449919\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 411-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The Council of State has thus rejected an application that merely asked for the file to be examined and was supplemented too late (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054758941\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054758941\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 27 August 2026, No. 505547<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Where a lawyer files it, the application must be sent through the T\u00e9l\u00e9recours application, on pain of inadmissibility (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042946744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042946744\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 414-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Each document is filed there in a separate file, on pain of inadmissibility of the application, under a title that begins with its serial number; a document missing from the detailed inventory or sent in a wrongly titled file may be excluded from the proceedings after an invitation to regularise has gone unheeded (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416950\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 414-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416940\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 412-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Under the earlier wording of the text, the Council of State had already held that the court must invite the applicant to regularise before rejecting the application on that ground (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000037470465\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000037470465\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, Section, 5 October 2018, No. 418233<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Representation by a lawyer is mandatory where the claims seek payment of a sum of money, discharge of a sum demanded or the settlement of a contractual dispute (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 431-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>), subject to the exceptions in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000050760054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000050760054\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 431-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>, notably for individual disputes of public officials or where the defendant is a local authority.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>An application rejected as late or inadmissible leads to no examination of the arguments on the merits. Checking the time limit and the form therefore comes before drafting the grounds.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to gather depending on <em>your challenge<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The documents serve first to prove admissibility, then to establish the unlawfulness or the loss.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Challenge A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are challenging a decision<\/p><ul><li>The contested decision and a copy of it, or proof of the date you filed your request in case of silence<\/li><li>The envelope, the acknowledgement of receipt or the email establishing the date of notification<\/li><li>Your informal appeal to the authority or to its hierarchical superior and the reply received, with their dates<\/li><li>The documents showing the authority's error: application filed, correspondence, certificates<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Challenge B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are claiming compensation or an urgent measure<\/p><ul><li>The prior request sent to the authority and the decision, express or implied, rejecting it<\/li><li>Evidence of the loss: invoices, payslips, certificates, quotes<\/li><li>For an urgent application, dated evidence showing the seriousness and immediacy of the interference<\/li><li>Any document establishing that you did not delay in acting after the contested decision<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Number the documents in continuous order, give each a clear title and file them in separate files: a poorly identified document may be excluded from the proceedings, and documents grouped together outside the permitted cases expose the application to inadmissibility.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Public law<\/li><li>Administrative law<\/li><li>Civil service law<\/li><li>State liability<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>prepares the filing<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Calculating the time limit, choosing the right route, drafting an admissible application and following the proceedings.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reading the decision and its notification<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm identifies the author of the act, the date of notification, the information given on routes of challenge and whether a mandatory prior appeal applies.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Calculating the time limit and choosing the court<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The remaining time is calculated taking into account any administrative appeals already made, and the court with territorial jurisdiction is then identified according to the nature of the dispute.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Drafting the application and the documents<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The application sets out the facts, the grounds of lawfulness or liability and the claims, with a numbered inventory that complies with the T\u00e9l\u00e9recours requirements.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Urgent application, investigation and hearing<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">If urgency is established, the urgent application for a suspension is made by a separate application accompanying the main challenge, whereas the urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom and the urgent application for useful measures may be brought alone; the firm then follows the investigation, answers the pleadings and presents your observations at the hearing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>An urgent application for a suspension cannot stand alone: it presupposes that an application for annulment or variation has already been filed, and it must be made by a separate application.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline <em>of a challenge before the administrative court<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the contested decision to the judgment and, where applicable, its enforcement.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Notification of the decision<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> Keep proof of the date of receipt; it fixes the starting point of the two-month time limit.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Possible administrative appeal<\/p><p>An informal appeal to the authority or to its hierarchical superior made within the time limit interrupts the time limit for court proceedings, which starts again from the reply or the implied rejection.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Filing the application<\/p><p>The application is filed through T\u00e9l\u00e9recours, with the contested decision and the detailed inventory of documents.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Urgent application in case of urgency<\/p><p>The request for suspension is made by a separate application; the judge hearing an urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom rules within forty-eight hours.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Written investigation<\/p><p>The authority files a statement of defence; exchanges continue until the investigation is closed.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Hearing and judgment<\/p><p>The judgment may annul the decision, order an enforcement measure, award compensation or dismiss the claim; an appeal is in principle open for two months.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before filing<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each admissibility condition is checked against the documents, before the grounds are drafted.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Challengeable decision: an act adversely affecting you, an implied decision arising from silence, or the prior decision required for a compensation claim.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Time limit: date of notification, information on routes and time limits for challenge, administrative appeals made and the reasonable period of one year.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Mandatory prior appeal: the provision that requires it, the authority to be approached and the time limit specific to that appeal.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Court: the administrative court with territorial jurisdiction, or the direct jurisdiction of another court.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Form: grounds set out, decision attached, numbered inventory, filing through T\u00e9l\u00e9recours and representation by a lawyer where it is mandatory.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>route of challenge<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The common situations before the administrative court set the first priority of the case.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Refusal by the prefecture or another authority<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> The notified decision, proof of the date of receipt, the application filed and documents establishing the error.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months from notification, if the routes and time limits for challenge are stated.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Action for annulment, accompanied where appropriate by an urgent application for a suspension in a separate application.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Application left unanswered<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Proof of the date the request was filed and the acknowledgement of receipt, if one was issued.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months from the date the implied rejection decision arises, subject to the rules on acknowledgements of receipt.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Check whether silence amounts to acceptance or rejection, then challenge the implied decision.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Decision notified without information on routes of challenge<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> The incomplete notification and the date on which the decision became known.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Reasonable period, in principle one year from knowledge of the decision.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Act without delay: beyond that, the application is rejected as late.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Damage caused by the authority<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Prior request stating the amount claimed, express or implied rejection and evidence of the loss.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The decision on the prior request opens the time limit for challenge.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Compensation claim filed by a lawyer where sums of money are claimed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Decision with immediate effects<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Dated evidence showing a serious and immediate interference with your situation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The request must follow closely after the decision; delay may lead the court to reject urgency.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Urgent application for a suspension, to protect a fundamental freedom or for useful measures, depending on the situation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Mandatory prior appeal not made<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Notification of the decision and the provision establishing the prior appeal.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Time limit set by that provision, or a reasonable period if the notification did not state it.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Approach the designated authority first, then the court after its decision.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>administrative court<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">14 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Do I need a lawyer to bring a case before the administrative court?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not always. An action for excess of power (recours pour exc\u00e8s de pouvoir) against a decision, for example a refusal of a permit or authorisation, can be brought by the person themselves, who then has the online service provided for by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416957\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 414-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>. Representation by a lawyer becomes mandatory where the claims seek payment of a sum of money, discharge or reduction of a sum demanded, or the settlement of a dispute arising from a contract (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 431-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000050760054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000050760054\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 431-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a> removes this requirement in several areas, notably individual disputes of civil servants and public officials, direct taxes, social assistance or housing benefits, and disputes in which the defendant is a local authority or a public health establishment. The Council of State holds that a lawyer cannot represent themselves in proceedings subject to this requirement, and dismissed the appeal of a lawyer who claimed compensation from the State while representing themselves (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000052557439\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000052557439\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 10 November 2025, No. 497432<\/a>). Even where a lawyer is not mandatory, their role mainly concerns admissibility: calculating the time limit, choosing the grounds, presenting the documents and, where relevant, coordinating with an urgent application. The firm first checks whether your claim falls within the scope of the requirement, then what the stakes of the dispute justify.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the time limit for bringing a case before the administrative court?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The ordinary time limit is two months from notification or publication of the contested decision (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). It runs from the date of notification, which is why it matters to keep the acknowledgement of receipt, the envelope or the notification email. This time limit can be relied on against you only if the notification states the routes and time limits for challenge (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). It is extended by one month for people living overseas and by two months for those living abroad where the court seised sits in mainland France (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031180453\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031180453\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-7 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). An informal administrative appeal to the authority or to its hierarchical superior made within the time limit interrupts it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 411-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>). Where the claim seeks payment of a sum of money, the application presupposes a prior decision of the authority, which itself opens the time limit. Certain areas are governed by special time limits set by the provisions that apply to them, which the notification of the decision must then state. The firm's first task is therefore to reconstruct the exact date of notification, to re-read the information that accompanies it and to check whether an administrative appeal has already been made. An application filed one day too late may be rejected without examination of the arguments, by an order made under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048830877\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048830877\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 222-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should I do if the decision does not state the routes and time limits for challenge?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The absence of this information means the two-month time limit cannot be relied on against you (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>), but it does not open an unlimited period. The Council of State holds that the principle of legal certainty prevents an individual decision that has been notified or become known from being challenged indefinitely: the challenge must then be brought within a reasonable period which, save in particular circumstances, does not exceed one year from notification or knowledge of the decision. It applied this rule against a driver who in 2017 challenged a decision known at the latest in 2007, and rejected his application as late (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000038815794\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000038815794\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 24 July 2019, No. 417753<\/a>). The Paris administrative court ruled likewise on an application against a decision of the family allowance office (caisse d'allocations familiales), known in December 2021 and challenged in January 2026, rejected by order as manifestly inadmissible (<a href=\"https:\/\/opendata.justice-administrative.fr\/recherche\/shareFile\/TA75\/ORTA_2602728_20260528\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TA Paris, order, 28 May 2026, No. 2602728<\/a>). These rulings are unfavourable to applicants: they show that an irregular notification should not lead you to wait. The starting point may also be the date of a step showing that you knew of the decision, such as a letter of complaint. If more than a year has passed, the firm looks for the particular circumstances you might invoke, without promising that they will be accepted.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I challenge the authority's silence?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Silence kept for two months on a request amounts in principle to acceptance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367611\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367611\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 231-1 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>). It amounts instead to rejection in many cases listed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367619\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367619\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 231-4 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>: a request of a financial nature, a complaint or administrative appeal, a request that does not seek an individual decision, relations between the authority and its staff, and certain cases specified by decree adopted after consultation of the Council of State. Where silence amounts to rejection, the two-month time limit for challenge runs from the date this implied decision arises, and an express decision of rejection made before that time limit expires makes it run again (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807000\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807000\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The application must then establish the date on which the request was filed, and the document proving it must be attached, on pain of inadmissibility (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036782824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036782824\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 412-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Where the request falls under the acknowledgement-of-receipt regime, which does not apply to relations between the authority and its staff (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367336\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367336\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 112-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>), the time limits cannot be relied on against you if the authority did not send you an acknowledgement of receipt containing the required information, unless an express decision was properly notified to you before an implied decision could have arisen (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367340\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367340\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 112-6 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>). The firm first determines whether silence amounts to acceptance or rejection, which changes the strategy completely: in the first case, the aim is to have an established decision recognised or enforced; in the second, to challenge a refusal.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does an informal administrative appeal preserve the time limit for court proceedings?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, on certain conditions. An informal appeal to the author of the decision and a hierarchical appeal to their superior interrupt the time limit for court proceedings if they are made within the initial time limit; where both are made, the time limit starts again only after both have been rejected (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 411-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>). The new two-month time limit runs from the express reply or the implied rejection decision. This extension presupposes an administrative appeal made within the initial two-month time limit. The Council of State rejected as late the application of a driver who had made repeated informal appeals against a withdrawal of licence points: the decisions rejecting those appeals, made after the time limit had expired, merely confirmed the initial decision and could not reopen the time limit for challenge (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054126273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054126273\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 22 May 2026, No. 510820<\/a>). This unfavourable decision illustrates a frequent risk: a new letter sent to the authority several months after notification does not revive the right to bring proceedings. An informal appeal remains useful when it is made early, brings new information and leaves time to prepare the application. The firm therefore sets a single deadline for filing, calculated from the first notification and from the appeals actually made within the time limit, and keeps proof of their receipt.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do I first have to make a mandatory prior administrative appeal?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In certain areas, yes: the applicable provision makes bringing the case before the court conditional on a mandatory prior administrative appeal, defined by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367823\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367823\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 410-1 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a> as the appeal on which the exercise of a court challenge depends. An application filed directly with the court is then inadmissible. The notification of the decision must state the existence of this appeal, the authority to be approached and the time limit, failing which the time limit cannot be relied on against you (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367847\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367847\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 412-3 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The Council of State nevertheless deduces that the prior appeal must itself be made within a reasonable period. If the person had not been informed of this appeal, court proceedings brought in time interrupt this reasonable period, and the time limit specific to the prior appeal runs from notification of the first court decision rejecting the court challenge for want of a prior appeal. On that basis it dismissed the appeal of an applicant whose building permit refusals followed unfavourable opinions from the architect of the B\u00e2timents de France: his appeals to the regional prefect, made more than two months after notification of the judgment that had declared his first applications inadmissible, were late, and he was ordered to pay the municipality's costs (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000052031227\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000052031227\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 31 July 2025, No. 499513<\/a>). This unfavourable decision shows that a first mistake over the route of challenge can cost the right to bring proceedings. Before any application, the firm therefore checks whether a provision requires a prior appeal, before which authority and within what time limit.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What must the application to the administrative court contain?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The application states the names and addresses of the parties, sets out the facts and the grounds, and states the claims put to the court (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449919\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 411-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The grounds are the legal arguments: lack of competence of the author, procedural defect, error of law, error of fact or error of assessment for an annulment; fault, causal link and loss for compensation. The claims state what you are asking for: annulment, an injunction, an order to pay, reimbursement of the costs incurred. The application must be accompanied by the contested decision or, in case of silence, by the document proving the date of the request (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036782824\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036782824\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 412-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). An application with no ground at all can be supplemented only until the time limit for challenge expires. The Council of State thus rejected an individual's application against a decision of the CNIL (the French data protection authority) which merely asked for the file to be examined and was supplemented with grounds only after the time limit had ended (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054758941\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054758941\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 27 August 2026, No. 505547<\/a>). A summary application may be filed to preserve the time limit, provided it contains at least one ground, and then be developed in a supplementary statement. The firm drafts the application so that each ground is tied to a document and each claim to a precise legal basis.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I file an application through T\u00e9l\u00e9recours?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Where a lawyer files it, the application must be sent to the court through the T\u00e9l\u00e9recours application, on pain of inadmissibility, and the same obligation applies to subsequent statements (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042946744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042946744\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 414-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Individuals and businesses without representation may use the T\u00e9l\u00e9recours citoyens online service; if they use it, their subsequent statements and documents must go through the same service (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416957\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 414-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The documents are accompanied by a detailed inventory that gives each a number in continuous ascending order and a sufficiently clear title, failing which they may be excluded from the proceedings after an invitation to regularise has gone unheeded (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416940\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 412-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). In its wording in force since 1 January 2021, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042416950\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 414-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a> requires each document to be sent in a separate file, on pain of inadmissibility of the application, under a title beginning with the document's serial number; it waives the inventory where the application generates it automatically or the citizens' online service is used. Under the earlier wording, the Council of State had held that identifying each document by its serial number was sufficient and that the court must invite the applicant to regularise before rejecting the application; it had set aside two orders that had required more (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000037470465\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000037470465\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, Section, 5 October 2018, No. 418233<\/a>). Conversely, the Paris administrative court rejected as manifestly inadmissible a lawyer's application filed outside T\u00e9l\u00e9recours, after two invitations to regularise went unanswered (<a href=\"https:\/\/opendata.justice-administrative.fr\/recherche\/shareFile\/TA75\/ORTA_2430896_20250428\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TA Paris, order, 28 April 2025, No. 2430896<\/a>). The firm files the application through the professional application, checks that the inventory matches the files and follows the invitations to regularise that the court registry sends through the application.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which administrative court should I apply to: Paris or another?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In principle, the competent court is the one within whose area the authority that took the contested decision has its seat (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340842\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 312-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). A decision of the Paris police prefecture, of a ministry or of an authority based in Paris therefore generally falls within the Paris administrative court. Several special rules modify this principle. Individual disputes of civil servants and public officials fall within the court for the official's place of posting (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449875\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 312-12 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Disputes concerning professional activities fall, for a non-regulatory decision, within the court for the place of the establishment or where the profession is practised (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000021864844\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000021864844\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 312-10 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Liability actions depend on the origin of the damage: the court competent for the decision in question, the place of the originating event for damage from public works or an administrative act, or, failing that, the claimant's residence (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449878\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449878\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 312-14 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Lastly, certain challenges fall directly within the Council of State, such as those against decrees or regulatory acts of ministers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000052535673\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000052535673\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 311-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). An administrative court seised of claims that fall within another administrative court's jurisdiction transfers the file to the one it considers competent (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340864\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 351-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>), but this detour delays the examination, which matters above all in urgent matters. The firm identifies the competent court before drafting the application.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does bringing a case before the administrative court suspend the decision?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. Unless special legislative provisions apply, applications have no suspensive effect unless the court orders otherwise (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449158\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449158\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 4 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). A contested decision therefore continues to take effect throughout the examination of the main application. To obtain its suspension, you must apply to the urgent applications judge under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 521-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>. Two cumulative conditions are required: urgency, and a ground capable of creating, on the state of the investigation, serious doubt as to the lawfulness of the decision. The request for suspension must be made by an application separate from the application for annulment and accompanied by a copy of it, on pain of inadmissibility (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006450004\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006450004\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 522-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The urgent application for a suspension is therefore always linked to a main challenge: without an application for annulment or variation, it does not exist. Where suspension is ordered, the court rules on the main application as soon as possible, and the suspension ends at the latest with that judgment. The urgent applications judge may also reject a request by reasoned order, without a hearing, where it is not urgent or is manifestly inadmissible or unfounded (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449333\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449333\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 522-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The firm prepares both applications at the same time, with documents that concretely demonstrate the urgency.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Urgent application for a suspension: how do I demonstrate urgency?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The Council of State holds that the condition of urgency is met where enforcement of the decision harms a public interest, the applicant's situation or the interests they seek to defend in a sufficiently serious and immediate way; the judge assesses it concretely and objectively, in light of the evidence produced. In a case concerning refusal of road-use permissions needed to restore a fixed-line telephone network damaged by a cyclone, it found urgency, suspended the refusals and ordered the mayor to re-examine the requests (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054046805\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054046805\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 6 May 2026, No. 509713<\/a>). The outcome may be the opposite. In a case concerning a stop-work order, the Council of State upheld the rejection of a request for suspension: the applicant, who had left his job voluntarily after the order, had put himself in a situation of urgency and did not establish any need to secure the site (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000048192844\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000048192844\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 10 October 2023, No. 471611<\/a>). Outside the cases where a provision presumes it, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037667995\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037667995\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 600-3 of the Planning Code (code de l'urbanisme)<\/a> for the suspension of a permit to build, to develop or to demolish or of a non-objection to a prior declaration, urgency is proved by dated, quantified and precise documents: loss of income, inability to work, harm to a business, risk to safety. The time that has passed between the decision and the application to the court also weighs in the assessment. The firm gathers this evidence from the first exchange and presents it in a separate application, accompanied by a copy of the main challenge.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>When should I apply to the judge hearing an urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom allows you to ask the judge for all measures necessary to safeguard a fundamental freedom that a public body, or a private body responsible for a public service, has seriously and manifestly unlawfully infringed; the judge rules within forty-eight hours (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449327\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 521-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Three conditions must be met: particular urgency, a fundamental freedom at stake and an infringement that is both serious and manifestly unlawful. This urgent application does not presuppose a main challenge, but the standard is high. The judge may reject the request without a hearing where it is not urgent or is manifestly unfounded (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449333\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449333\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 522-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The Council of State thus upheld the rejection of the request of an association that challenged the restrictions of place and time imposed by the prefect on a gathering, after recalling that freedom to demonstrate must be reconciled with the safeguarding of public order (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054790455\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054790455\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, urgent applications judge, 30 August 2026, No. 519225<\/a>). This unfavourable decision shows that the infringement must be demonstrated concretely, beyond invoking a freedom. This urgent application addresses situations in which a few days matter: imminent eviction, deprivation of emergency accommodation, a ban on an activity. The firm checks whether the conditions are met before choosing between this application and the urgent application for a suspension.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do I need a prior request to claim compensation from the authority?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. Where the application seeks payment of a sum of money, it is admissible only after the authority has taken a decision on a request previously made to it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). This request, stating the amount claimed and sent to the responsible public body, fixes the subject of the dispute and opens the time limit for challenge once it is rejected. The Council of State, in an opinion of its Section, stated that where there is no decision at all, the compensation application is inadmissible, even if the authority did not raise the point. It accepts, however, that this condition is assessed at the date on which the judge rules: a decision, express or implied, made during the proceedings regularises the application without any need to confirm the claims (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000038279170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000038279170\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, Section, opinion, 27 March 2019, No. 426472<\/a>). A prior request made late can therefore still save an application already filed, provided the authority rules on it or its silence amounts to rejection before judgment. Representation by a lawyer is in principle mandatory for such an application (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 431-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>), subject to the exceptions in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000050760054\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000050760054\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 431-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>. The firm drafts the prior request by quantifying each head of loss, attaching the supporting documents and keeping proof of receipt, which will serve to date the implied decision.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens after the administrative court's judgment?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Where the judgment necessarily implies an enforcement measure in a particular direction, the court, if asked to do so or even of its own motion, prescribes it in the same decision, accompanied where appropriate by a time limit for enforcement (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038311379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038311379\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 911-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Where it implies only a new decision after a new investigation, the court prescribes that it be made within a set time limit (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038311371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038311371\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 911-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). That is why the application often includes, alongside annulment, a request for an injunction to issue a document or to re-examine a request. The judge in principle orders the party liable for the costs or, failing that, the losing party to pay the other a sum in respect of costs incurred and not included in the costs, having regard to fairness or the economic situation of the party ordered to pay, and may decide that no such order is called for (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044570095\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044570095\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 761-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The time limit for appeal is in principle two months from notification of the judgment (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000026829556\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000026829556\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 811-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). In certain areas, however, the court rules at first and last instance, for example for certain social benefits, access to administrative documents or driving licences: only an appeal on points of law to the Council of State is then possible (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000052286884\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000052286884\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 811-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). Unless special provisions apply, an appeal likewise has no suspensive effect (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006450385\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006450385\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 811-14 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The firm reads the judgment as soon as it is notified, checks the route of challenge open and its time limit, and follows enforcement by the authority where the judgment is in your favour.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">two-month time limit for challenge and prior decision<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">information on routes and time limits for challenge<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449919\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 411-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">content of the application<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042946744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042946744\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 414-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">filing through T\u00e9l\u00e9recours<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033340889\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 431-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">representation by a lawyer mandatory<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 521-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">urgent application for a suspension<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449327\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449327\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 521-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 411-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">informal and hierarchical administrative appeals<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/public-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Public law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Area of practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/administrative-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Administrative law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Area of practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/civil-service-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Civil service law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Area of practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/state-liability-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">State liability<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Area of practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/town-planning-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Planning law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Area of practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>An administrative decision to challenge? Check the <em>time limit today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the decision, proof of its notification and your correspondence with the authority: the firm will check the time remaining, the competent court and the appropriate route of challenge.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do I need a lawyer to bring a case before the administrative court?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not always. An action for excess of power (recours pour exc\u00e8s de pouvoir) against a decision, for example a refusal of a permit or authorisation, can be brought by the person themselves, who then has the online service provided for by Article R. 414-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice . Representation by a lawyer becomes mandatory where the claims seek payment of a sum of money, discharge or reduction of a sum demanded, or the settlement of a dispute arising from a contract ( Article R. 431-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Article R. 431-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice removes this requirement in several areas, notably individual disputes of civil servants and public officials, direct taxes, social assistance or housing benefits, and disputes in which the defendant is a local authority or a public health establishment. The Council of State holds that a lawyer cannot represent themselves in proceedings subject to this requirement, and dismissed the appeal of a lawyer who claimed compensation from the State while representing themselves ( CE, 10 November 2025, No. 497432 ). Even where a lawyer is not mandatory, their role mainly concerns admissibility: calculating the time limit, choosing the grounds, presenting the documents and, where relevant, coordinating with an urgent application. The firm first checks whether your claim falls within the scope of the requirement, then what the stakes of the dispute justify.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the time limit for bringing a case before the administrative court?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ordinary time limit is two months from notification or publication of the contested decision ( Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). It runs from the date of notification, which is why it matters to keep the acknowledgement of receipt, the envelope or the notification email. This time limit can be relied on against you only if the notification states the routes and time limits for challenge ( Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). It is extended by one month for people living overseas and by two months for those living abroad where the court seised sits in mainland France ( Article R. 421-7 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). An informal administrative appeal to the authority or to its hierarchical superior made within the time limit interrupts it ( Article L. 411-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration ). Where the claim seeks payment of a sum of money, the application presupposes a prior decision of the authority, which itself opens the time limit. Certain areas are governed by special time limits set by the provisions that apply to them, which the notification of the decision must then state. The firm's first task is therefore to reconstruct the exact date of notification, to re-read the information that accompanies it and to check whether an administrative appeal has already been made. An application filed one day too late may be rejected without examination of the arguments, by an order made under Article R. 222-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice .\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should I do if the decision does not state the routes and time limits for challenge?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The absence of this information means the two-month time limit cannot be relied on against you ( Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice ), but it does not open an unlimited period. The Council of State holds that the principle of legal certainty prevents an individual decision that has been notified or become known from being challenged indefinitely: the challenge must then be brought within a reasonable period which, save in particular circumstances, does not exceed one year from notification or knowledge of the decision. It applied this rule against a driver who in 2017 challenged a decision known at the latest in 2007, and rejected his application as late ( CE, 24 July 2019, No. 417753 ). The Paris administrative court ruled likewise on an application against a decision of the family allowance office ( caisse d'allocations familiales ), known in December 2021 and challenged in January 2026, rejected by order as manifestly inadmissible ( TA Paris, order, 28 May 2026, No. 2602728 ). These rulings are unfavourable to applicants: they show that an irregular notification should not lead you to wait. The starting point may also be the date of a step showing that you knew of the decision, such as a letter of complaint. If more than a year has passed, the firm looks for the particular circumstances you might invoke, without promising that they will be accepted.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can I challenge the authority's silence?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Silence kept for two months on a request amounts in principle to acceptance ( Article L. 231-1 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration ). It amounts instead to rejection in many cases listed in Article L. 231-4 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration: a request of a financial nature, a complaint or administrative appeal, a request that does not seek an individual decision, relations between the authority and its staff, and certain cases specified by decree adopted after consultation of the Council of State. Where silence amounts to rejection, the two-month time limit for challenge runs from the date this implied decision arises, and an express decision of rejection made before that time limit expires makes it run again ( Article R. 421-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The application must then establish the date on which the request was filed, and the document proving it must be attached, on pain of inadmissibility ( Article R. 412-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Where the request falls under the acknowledgement-of-receipt regime, which does not apply to relations between the authority and its staff ( Article L. 112-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration ), the time limits cannot be relied on against you if the authority did not send you an acknowledgement of receipt containing the required information, unless an express decision was properly notified to you before an implied decision could have arisen ( Article L. 112-6 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration ). The firm first determines whether silence amounts to acceptance or rejection, which changes the strategy completely: in the first case, the aim is to have an established decision recognised or enforced; in the second, to challenge a refusal.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does an informal administrative appeal preserve the time limit for court proceedings?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, on certain conditions. An informal appeal to the author of the decision and a hierarchical appeal to their superior interrupt the time limit for court proceedings if they are made within the initial time limit; where both are made, the time limit starts again only after both have been rejected ( Article L. 411-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration ). The new two-month time limit runs from the express reply or the implied rejection decision. This extension presupposes an administrative appeal made within the initial two-month time limit. The Council of State rejected as late the application of a driver who had made repeated informal appeals against a withdrawal of licence points: the decisions rejecting those appeals, made after the time limit had expired, merely confirmed the initial decision and could not reopen the time limit for challenge ( CE, 22 May 2026, No. 510820 ). This unfavourable decision illustrates a frequent risk: a new letter sent to the authority several months after notification does not revive the right to bring proceedings. An informal appeal remains useful when it is made early, brings new information and leaves time to prepare the application. The firm therefore sets a single deadline for filing, calculated from the first notification and from the appeals actually made within the time limit, and keeps proof of their receipt.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do I first have to make a mandatory prior administrative appeal?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In certain areas, yes: the applicable provision makes bringing the case before the court conditional on a mandatory prior administrative appeal, defined by Article L. 410-1 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration as the appeal on which the exercise of a court challenge depends. An application filed directly with the court is then inadmissible. The notification of the decision must state the existence of this appeal, the authority to be approached and the time limit, failing which the time limit cannot be relied on against you ( Article L. 412-3 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration; Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The Council of State nevertheless deduces that the prior appeal must itself be made within a reasonable period. If the person had not been informed of this appeal, court proceedings brought in time interrupt this reasonable period, and the time limit specific to the prior appeal runs from notification of the first court decision rejecting the court challenge for want of a prior appeal. On that basis it dismissed the appeal of an applicant whose building permit refusals followed unfavourable opinions from the architect of the B\u00e2timents de France: his appeals to the regional prefect, made more than two months after notification of the judgment that had declared his first applications inadmissible, were late, and he was ordered to pay the municipality's costs ( CE, 31 July 2025, No. 499513 ). This unfavourable decision shows that a first mistake over the route of challenge can cost the right to bring proceedings. Before any application, the firm therefore checks whether a provision requires a prior appeal, before which authority and within what time limit.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What must the application to the administrative court contain?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The application states the names and addresses of the parties, sets out the facts and the grounds, and states the claims put to the court ( Article R. 411-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The grounds are the legal arguments: lack of competence of the author, procedural defect, error of law, error of fact or error of assessment for an annulment; fault, causal link and loss for compensation. The claims state what you are asking for: annulment, an injunction, an order to pay, reimbursement of the costs incurred. The application must be accompanied by the contested decision or, in case of silence, by the document proving the date of the request ( Article R. 412-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). An application with no ground at all can be supplemented only until the time limit for challenge expires. The Council of State thus rejected an individual's application against a decision of the CNIL (the French data protection authority) which merely asked for the file to be examined and was supplemented with grounds only after the time limit had ended ( CE, 27 August 2026, No. 505547 ). A summary application may be filed to preserve the time limit, provided it contains at least one ground, and then be developed in a supplementary statement. The firm drafts the application so that each ground is tied to a document and each claim to a precise legal basis.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I file an application through T\u00e9l\u00e9recours?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Where a lawyer files it, the application must be sent to the court through the T\u00e9l\u00e9recours application, on pain of inadmissibility, and the same obligation applies to subsequent statements ( Article R. 414-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Individuals and businesses without representation may use the T\u00e9l\u00e9recours citoyens online service; if they use it, their subsequent statements and documents must go through the same service ( Article R. 414-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The documents are accompanied by a detailed inventory that gives each a number in continuous ascending order and a sufficiently clear title, failing which they may be excluded from the proceedings after an invitation to regularise has gone unheeded ( Article R. 412-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). In its wording in force since 1 January 2021, Article R. 414-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice requires each document to be sent in a separate file, on pain of inadmissibility of the application, under a title beginning with the document's serial number; it waives the inventory where the application generates it automatically or the citizens' online service is used. Under the earlier wording, the Council of State had held that identifying each document by its serial number was sufficient and that the court must invite the applicant to regularise before rejecting the application; it had set aside two orders that had required more ( CE, Section, 5 October 2018, No. 418233 ). Conversely, the Paris administrative court rejected as manifestly inadmissible a lawyer's application filed outside T\u00e9l\u00e9recours, after two invitations to regularise went unanswered ( TA Paris, order, 28 April 2025, No. 2430896 ). The firm files the application through the professional application, checks that the inventory matches the files and follows the invitations to regularise that the court registry sends through the application.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which administrative court should I apply to: Paris or another?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In principle, the competent court is the one within whose area the authority that took the contested decision has its seat ( Article R. 312-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). A decision of the Paris police prefecture, of a ministry or of an authority based in Paris therefore generally falls within the Paris administrative court. Several special rules modify this principle. Individual disputes of civil servants and public officials fall within the court for the official's place of posting ( Article R. 312-12 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Disputes concerning professional activities fall, for a non-regulatory decision, within the court for the place of the establishment or where the profession is practised ( Article R. 312-10 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Liability actions depend on the origin of the damage: the court competent for the decision in question, the place of the originating event for damage from public works or an administrative act, or, failing that, the claimant's residence ( Article R. 312-14 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Lastly, certain challenges fall directly within the Council of State, such as those against decrees or regulatory acts of ministers ( Article R. 311-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). An administrative court seised of claims that fall within another administrative court's jurisdiction transfers the file to the one it considers competent ( Article R. 351-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice ), but this detour delays the examination, which matters above all in urgent matters. The firm identifies the competent court before drafting the application.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does bringing a case before the administrative court suspend the decision?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Unless special legislative provisions apply, applications have no suspensive effect unless the court orders otherwise ( Article L. 4 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). A contested decision therefore continues to take effect throughout the examination of the main application. To obtain its suspension, you must apply to the urgent applications judge under Article L. 521-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice . Two cumulative conditions are required: urgency, and a ground capable of creating, on the state of the investigation, serious doubt as to the lawfulness of the decision. The request for suspension must be made by an application separate from the application for annulment and accompanied by a copy of it, on pain of inadmissibility ( Article R. 522-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The urgent application for a suspension is therefore always linked to a main challenge: without an application for annulment or variation, it does not exist. Where suspension is ordered, the court rules on the main application as soon as possible, and the suspension ends at the latest with that judgment. The urgent applications judge may also reject a request by reasoned order, without a hearing, where it is not urgent or is manifestly inadmissible or unfounded ( Article L. 522-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The firm prepares both applications at the same time, with documents that concretely demonstrate the urgency.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Urgent application for a suspension: how do I demonstrate urgency?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Council of State holds that the condition of urgency is met where enforcement of the decision harms a public interest, the applicant's situation or the interests they seek to defend in a sufficiently serious and immediate way; the judge assesses it concretely and objectively, in light of the evidence produced. In a case concerning refusal of road-use permissions needed to restore a fixed-line telephone network damaged by a cyclone, it found urgency, suspended the refusals and ordered the mayor to re-examine the requests ( CE, 6 May 2026, No. 509713 ). The outcome may be the opposite. In a case concerning a stop-work order, the Council of State upheld the rejection of a request for suspension: the applicant, who had left his job voluntarily after the order, had put himself in a situation of urgency and did not establish any need to secure the site ( CE, 10 October 2023, No. 471611 ). Outside the cases where a provision presumes it, such as Article L. 600-3 of the Planning Code ( code de l'urbanisme ) for the suspension of a permit to build, to develop or to demolish or of a non-objection to a prior declaration, urgency is proved by dated, quantified and precise documents: loss of income, inability to work, harm to a business, risk to safety. The time that has passed between the decision and the application to the court also weighs in the assessment. The firm gathers this evidence from the first exchange and presents it in a separate application, accompanied by a copy of the main challenge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When should I apply to the judge hearing an urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The urgent application to protect a fundamental freedom allows you to ask the judge for all measures necessary to safeguard a fundamental freedom that a public body, or a private body responsible for a public service, has seriously and manifestly unlawfully infringed; the judge rules within forty-eight hours ( Article L. 521-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Three conditions must be met: particular urgency, a fundamental freedom at stake and an infringement that is both serious and manifestly unlawful. This urgent application does not presuppose a main challenge, but the standard is high. The judge may reject the request without a hearing where it is not urgent or is manifestly unfounded ( Article L. 522-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The Council of State thus upheld the rejection of the request of an association that challenged the restrictions of place and time imposed by the prefect on a gathering, after recalling that freedom to demonstrate must be reconciled with the safeguarding of public order ( CE, urgent applications judge, 30 August 2026, No. 519225 ). This unfavourable decision shows that the infringement must be demonstrated concretely, beyond invoking a freedom. This urgent application addresses situations in which a few days matter: imminent eviction, deprivation of emergency accommodation, a ban on an activity. The firm checks whether the conditions are met before choosing between this application and the urgent application for a suspension.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do I need a prior request to claim compensation from the authority?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Where the application seeks payment of a sum of money, it is admissible only after the authority has taken a decision on a request previously made to it ( Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). This request, stating the amount claimed and sent to the responsible public body, fixes the subject of the dispute and opens the time limit for challenge once it is rejected. The Council of State, in an opinion of its Section, stated that where there is no decision at all, the compensation application is inadmissible, even if the authority did not raise the point. It accepts, however, that this condition is assessed at the date on which the judge rules: a decision, express or implied, made during the proceedings regularises the application without any need to confirm the claims ( CE, Section, opinion, 27 March 2019, No. 426472 ). A prior request made late can therefore still save an application already filed, provided the authority rules on it or its silence amounts to rejection before judgment. Representation by a lawyer is in principle mandatory for such an application ( Article R. 431-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ), subject to the exceptions in Article R. 431-3 of the Code of Administrative Justice . The firm drafts the prior request by quantifying each head of loss, attaching the supporting documents and keeping proof of receipt, which will serve to date the implied decision.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens after the administrative court's judgment?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Where the judgment necessarily implies an enforcement measure in a particular direction, the court, if asked to do so or even of its own motion, prescribes it in the same decision, accompanied where appropriate by a time limit for enforcement ( Article L. 911-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Where it implies only a new decision after a new investigation, the court prescribes that it be made within a set time limit ( Article L. 911-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). That is why the application often includes, alongside annulment, a request for an injunction to issue a document or to re-examine a request. The judge in principle orders the party liable for the costs or, failing that, the losing party to pay the other a sum in respect of costs incurred and not included in the costs, having regard to fairness or the economic situation of the party ordered to pay, and may decide that no such order is called for ( Article L. 761-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The time limit for appeal is in principle two months from notification of the judgment ( Article R. 811-2 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). In certain areas, however, the court rules at first and last instance, for example for certain social benefits, access to administrative documents or driving licences: only an appeal on points of law to the Council of State is then possible ( Article R. 811-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). Unless special provisions apply, an appeal likewise has no suspensive effect ( Article R. 811-14 of the Code of Administrative Justice ). The firm reads the judgment as soon as it is notified, checks the route of challenge open and its time limit, and follows enforcement by the authority where the judgment is in your favour.\"}}]}<\/script><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Administrative court lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/administrative-court-lawyer-paris\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"The Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": \"Mo-Su 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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A challenge to a decision of the prefecture, the town hall, a ministry or a public body, a claim for compensation or an urgent procedure: before [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157188,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161347","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Administrative Court Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Administrative court lawyer in Paris: check your time limit, the admissibility of your application and urgent options. 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