{"id":2161339,"date":"2026-11-01T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161339"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:39:59","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:39:59","slug":"taxi-vtc-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/taxi-vtc-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Taxi and VTC lawyer in Paris: card, licence and platform disputes"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161339\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161339 elementor-2160717\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-taxi-vtc-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Professional card, taxi licence, platform and driver status<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Taxi and VTC lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> card, licence and platform disputes.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Withdrawal of a professional card, a contested parking authorisation, a prosecution for touting for fares (maraude), a contract with a platform or a radio dispatch operator: each driver's situation falls under a distinct regime. As taxi and VTC lawyers in Paris, the firm first identifies the applicable text and the competent authority.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">An administrative decision can in principle be challenged within two months of its notification. Keep the letter from the prefect or the town hall, the envelope and the platform's messages before taking any step.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-litige-agence-immobiliere-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-litige-agence-immobiliere-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-litige-agence-immobiliere-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-litige-agence-immobiliere-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">VTC and taxi drivers \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the decision you received, your professional card, the contract signed with the platform, the radio dispatch operator or the vehicle lessor, and your activity statements: the firm examines the legal basis and the available means of challenge.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. Your data is used only to process your request. <a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\">Privacy policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/form>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-press knp\">\n<style>\n    .kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:132s}@media (max-width:600px){.kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:96s}}\n    .knp .knp__piste:hover ul.knp__ruban,.knp.knp--ouvert ul.knp__ruban{animation-play-state:paused}\n    .knp .knp__piste:has(button:focus-visible) ul.knp__ruban{animation:none}\n    .knp button.knp__logo{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:100%;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .2s ease}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:hover{transform:scale(1.05)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:active{transform:scale(.97)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:focus-visible{outline:2px solid 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p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">Watch the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n        <div class=\"knp__piste\"><ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Taxi and VTC lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>VTC or taxi driver: <em>the points that decide the outcome<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Transport law \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>taxi and VTC lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Passenger transport<\/li><li>Platforms and licences<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar, can act for VTC (private hire with driver) drivers, taxi drivers and holders of taxi parking authorisations.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">A driver rarely faces a single rule. One and the same difficulty can combine the Transport Code, employment law, commercial law and administrative litigation, with different time limits and different judges.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm first checks who took the decision: a prefect, a town hall, a platform, a radio dispatch operator or a vehicle lessor. This point, set against the real conditions of the relationship, determines the competent court, the evidence to gather and the time limit to meet.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The professional card<\/h3><p>Issued by the administrative authority, it requires conditions of fitness and good repute; its withdrawal follows a procedure that the firm checks.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The taxi licence<\/h3><p>The parking authorisation follows its own rules on transfer, leasing of the business (location-g\u00e9rance) and actual operation, and failure to comply with them can lead to its withdrawal.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The link with the platform<\/h3><p>A driver's status depends on the real conditions of work: instructions, supervision and sanctions are assessed on the documents, not on the title of the contract.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Booking, card, licence: <em>the applicable rules<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four sets of rules govern the activity of the driver of a private passenger transport service.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Without a parking authorisation, a VTC driver may neither pick up a customer on the public highway without a prior booking nor drive around looking for customers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3120-2 of the French Transport Code<\/a>), and, unless there is a new booking or a contract with the end customer, after each trip the driver returns to the base or to a place off the carriageway where parking is permitted (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029529985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029529985\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3122-9<\/a>). The Court of Cassation set aside a decision of a court of appeal that had ruled <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/61de7d4cfc57de8d136e0671\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">without analysing how the application works in practice<\/a>, and required it to examine whether the platform encouraged touting through its instructions (Cass. com., 12 January 2022, No. 20-11.139).<\/li>\n  <li>The driver holds a professional card issued by the administrative authority (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784441\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784441\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3120-2-2 of the Transport Code<\/a>), subject to conditions of fitness and good repute (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784444\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784444\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3120-2-1<\/a>). The card requires, in particular, a suitable driving licence and the absence from criminal record bulletin no. 2 of certain convictions listed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034389382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034389382\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 3120-8<\/a>.<\/li>\n  <li>A taxi is defined by the parking authorisation held by its owner or operator (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532082\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3121-1 of the Transport Code<\/a>). An authorisation issued since 1 October 2014 cannot be transferred and is valid for five years; an older licence allows the holder to put forward a successor for consideration after fifteen years of actual and continuous operation, or five years after a first transfer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532138\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3121-2<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>A registered driver is presumed not to be an employee, unless a permanent legal relationship of subordination is established by the facts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044056617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044056617\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 8221-6 of the Labour Code<\/a>). The Social Chamber requires the judge to find instructions, supervision and a power to sanction: it set aside a judgment that had recognised an employment contract <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62566d623b20a89542a2c16c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">on grounds held to be insufficient<\/a> (Cass. soc., 13 April 2022, No. 20-14.870).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A single driver may answer to the prefect for the card, to the criminal court for a transport offence and to the employment tribunal (conseil de prud'hommes) or, in Paris, the economic activities court (tribunal des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques) for the relationship with a platform.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, <em>depending on your situation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The documents to gather vary according to whether the difficulty comes from a public authority, a platform or a contracting party.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are a VTC or taxi driver<\/p><ul><li>Professional card, driving licence, registration in the register of operators and insurance certificate<\/li><li>Decision from the prefect or the report received, with the envelope or the notice of notification<\/li><li>Partnership contract, general terms and charter of the platform or the radio dispatch operator<\/li><li>Trip statements, connection history, suspension messages and income statements<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You hold or are buying a taxi licence<\/p><ul><li>Order granting the parking authorisation and date of the first transfer<\/li><li>Income tax returns and tax assessment notices proving actual and continuous operation<\/li><li>Contract for the transfer, leasing of the business (location-g\u00e9rance) or rental of the equipped vehicle<\/li><li>Correspondence with the town hall or the Paris police prefecture, and orders of withdrawal or warning<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not sign a leasing-of-the-business contract (location-g\u00e9rance) with a purchase option, or a promise to transfer a licence, before checking the date of issue and the length of operation of the authorisation.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Road transport<\/li><li>Commercial litigation<\/li><li>Employment law<\/li><li>Administrative litigation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Identify who made the decision, secure the time limit, then choose the court.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reading the decision and the contracts<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm notes the date of notification, the legal basis relied on, the signing authority and the contract clauses that govern suspension, termination or transfer.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Placing the case under the right regime<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Professional card, parking authorisation, prior booking rule or social status: each question points to a distinct text and a distinct court.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Informal or administrative appeal<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Depending on the case, a request for reasons, an informal administrative appeal to the prefect or a formal notice sent to the platform sets out the driver's position in writing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Bringing the case before the competent court<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Administrative court, criminal court, employment tribunal or commercial court: the firm prepares the filing, the documents and, if urgency justifies it, the urgent application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A mistake over jurisdiction wastes time: the Versailles court of appeal sent a taxi driver who had gone to the employment tribunal to the commercial court.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline <em>of a driver's dispute<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the decision received to the judgment, each stage has its own time limit.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Notice<\/p><p><strong>As soon as you receive it.<\/strong> Date the decision, keep the envelope or the screenshot of the message, and note the authority or company that issued it.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Gathering<\/p><p>Collect the card, contracts, trip statements, income tax returns and earlier exchanges with the administration or the platform.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Legal classification<\/p><p>The firm distinguishes the administrative measure, the criminal prosecution, the contractual termination and the question of social status.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Prior appeal<\/p><p>Informal administrative appeal to the prefect or the town hall, request for reasons, or formal notice sent to the platform or the contracting party.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Referral<\/p><p>A challenge before the court against an administrative decision must in principle be brought within two months; it may be accompanied by a suspension application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9-suspension) if urgency and a serious doubt as to lawfulness are established.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Decision<\/p><p>Annulment, compensation, requalification or dismissal: what follows depends on the documents produced and the judge's concrete assessment.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No step should rest on a single screenshot or a single email.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Author and basis of the measure: prefect, town hall, platform, radio dispatch operator or lessor, and the text cited in the decision.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Date of notification and the applicable time limit for challenge, whether administrative, criminal, employment or commercial.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Conditions of the professional card: driving licence, fitness, entries in criminal record bulletin no. 2 and regularity of the withdrawal procedure.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>History of the licence: date of issue, transfers, actual and continuous operation, successive contracts.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Real conditions of work: freedom to log on, price setting, instructions, supervision and sanctions applied.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The common driver configurations and the first priority in each.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>VTC professional card withdrawn by the prefect<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Withdrawal decision, documents showing fitness, any judgments of conviction, exchanges with the prefecture.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months in principle from notification to apply to the administrative court.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Informal administrative appeal or court challenge, and a suspension application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9-suspension) if urgency and a serious doubt are established.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Prosecution for picking up a customer without a booking<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Report, time-stamped booking confirmation, application history, journey made.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Prepare the defence as soon as the summons or the notice of fixed-penalty fine arrives.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Challenge the findings and produce evidence to the contrary in the forms provided by law.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Taxi licence bought but not transferable<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Deed of transfer, order granting the authorisation, the town hall's refusal, operating history.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Act quickly to limit the loss of business and preserve the evidence.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Depending on the length of operation accrued, seek annulment of the deed or the compulsory transfer of the licence once it has become transferable, together with compensation for the loss suffered.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Parking authorisation withdrawn for failure to operate<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Income tax returns, tax assessment notices, trip invoices, presence in the municipality.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months in principle for the action before the court against the order.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Challenge the ground, the procedure and the characterisation of actual operation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Access to the application suspended or deleted<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Platform notification, grounds relied on, trip history, income before and after.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Twelve months from notification if the termination of an employment contract is at issue.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Request for reasons, formal notice, then an action for requalification or compensation depending on status.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Taxi affiliated to a radio dispatch operator or renting its vehicle<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Affiliation contract, quality charter, rental contract, rules on the withdrawal of points.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Check the time limit that applies under the characterisation adopted before bringing any claim.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Assess the chances of requalification in light of the indicators of subordination. <\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>VTC and taxi drivers<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">14 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What conditions must be met to obtain a VTC or taxi driver's professional card?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Any driver who carries out private passenger transport for payment with a vehicle of fewer than ten seats must hold a professional card issued by the administrative authority (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784441\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784441\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3120-2-2 of the Transport Code<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784444\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784444\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3120-2-1<\/a> makes this card subject to conditions of professional fitness and good repute, which the implementing decree sets out. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054659832\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054659832\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 3120-6<\/a> thus requires a driving licence suited to the vehicle, whose probationary period has expired when the person enters the profession, a pass in a fitness test and compliance with the good repute condition. The same article requires the card to be issued within a maximum of three months of the application, and to be displayed visibly on the windscreen when the vehicle is used professionally. In practice, an application may fail on proof of fitness or on an entry in the criminal record. The firm checks the documents sent to the prefecture, the filing date and the reasons given for any refusal. A refusal that is not reasoned, or that rests on an inapplicable text or on a conviction absent from bulletin no. 2, can be challenged before the administrative court within the time limit for challenge.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does a conviction entered on the criminal record bar someone from working as a driver?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not just any conviction. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034389382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034389382\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 3120-8 of the Transport Code<\/a> covers only entries on bulletin no. 2 of the criminal record, and sets out a closed list. It includes a final conviction for a road offence punished by the loss of half of the points on the driving licence, driving without a licence or despite its annulment, refusal to return the licence after invalidation, and a serious-crime sentence or a sentence of at least six months' imprisonment for an offence of theft, fraud, breach of trust, intentional violence against the person, sexual assault, arms trafficking, extortion or an offence under drug legislation. A conviction outside this list, or a conviction that does not appear on bulletin no. 2, does not meet this condition. The person concerned can obtain from the public prosecutor disclosure of the full extract of their record, without receiving a copy (Article 777-2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). The firm first examines the judgments of conviction, the nature of the offence and the length of the sentence, then checks whether the refusal or withdrawal of the card really rests on one of the cases provided for.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the prefect withdraw my VTC driver's professional card?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. Where the rules applicable to the profession are breached, the administrative authority may give the driver a warning or withdraw the professional card temporarily or permanently (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745438\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745438\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3124-11 of the Transport Code<\/a>). A card may also be withdrawn because the conditions for issuing it were not met: the Douai administrative court of appeal thus dismissed the application of a driver whose card had been withdrawn for lack of sufficient professional experience, because the payslips from driving work were contradicted by the driver's tax returns, which showed full-time employment as a mechanic over the same period (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000045378417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000045378417\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CAA Douai, 2nd ch., 15 March 2022, No. 21DA00818<\/a>). This unfavourable decision shows that the consistency of the documents matters as much as their number. The challenge is brought before the administrative court, in principle within two months of notification (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). If the loss of the card deprives the driver of income, a suspension application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9-suspension) can be made, provided that urgency and a serious doubt as to the lawfulness of the decision are shown (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 521-1 of the same code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a VTC driver wait for a customer on the public highway between two trips?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No, unless there is a prior booking. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3120-2 of the Transport Code<\/a> prohibits a driver who does not hold a parking authorisation from picking up a customer on the public highway without a booking, from stopping, parking or driving around looking for customers, and from parking near railway stations and airport terminals beyond the period set by decree. After each booked service, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029529985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029529985\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3122-9<\/a> requires the driver to return to the operator's place of business or to a parking place off the carriageway, unless there is a new booking or a contract with the end customer. The Criminal Chamber held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/656590d30844fd8318dd7663\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this failure necessarily leads the driver to park or drive around<\/a> while waiting for a trip, which constitutes the unlawful practice of the activity of taxi operator (Cass. crim., 28 November 2023, No. 22-80.577). In that case, the conviction of the company and of two individuals for complicity in that offence became final, the quashing relating only to another offence and to the sentences. A driver who is prosecuted must therefore be able to justify, trip by trip, the booking that precedes each pick-up and where he or she was between two assignments.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What penalties does a driver face for carrying a customer without a booking or without a card?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In the wording applicable since 27 June 2026, Article L. 3124-12 of the Transport Code punishes with three years' imprisonment and a fine of \u20ac45,000 hiring out a vehicle by the seat without a prior booking, picking up a customer on the public highway without a booking, soliciting a customer with a view to such a pick-up or offering such a service for sale, or carrying out transport without the professional card corresponding to the activity. Individuals also face suspension of the driving licence for up to five years, immobilisation of the vehicle for up to one year, its confiscation and a ban from entering certain places. The same text provides for a fixed-penalty fine for an offence (amende forfaitaire d\u00e9lictuelle) of \u20ac500, reduced to \u20ac400 and increased to \u20ac1,000. L\u00e9gifrance gives an end date for this version of 1 January 2029, when a new wording will take over: the date of the facts therefore determines the text applied. The firm checks the report, whether the booking was real, the time-stamping in the application and the capacity of the officers. It also considers whether it is advisable to accept or contest the fixed-penalty fine, because payment extinguishes the criminal proceedings and then closes off any discussion of the reality of the facts alleged.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a booking application show customers the position of available VTCs?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3120-2, III, of the Transport Code<\/a> prohibits VTC drivers and booking centres from informing a customer, before booking, of both the location and the availability of a vehicle situated on the public highway. This rule protects the activity reserved for taxis. In the dispute between a VTC company and the Transopco platform, the Commercial Chamber clarified that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/685ce26c0c5506317f3be864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">this text does not require that the customer be able to select a specific vehicle<\/a>: it is enough that the customer knows the position and availability of the nearest cars before ordering (Cass. com., 25 June 2025, No. 23-22.430). In the same decision it recalled that \u201cFailure to comply with a regulation in carrying on a commercial activity constitutes an act of unfair competition, since it necessarily gives its author an undue competitive advantage\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/685ce26c0c5506317f3be864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 25 June 2025, No. 23-22.430<\/a>). The platform's appeal to the Court of Cassation was dismissed. For the driver, the consequence is twofold: the platform's log-on instructions may expose the driver to prosecution, and they may also serve as evidence in a debate on the driver's status. The firm analyses screenshots of the application and the terms of the partnership contract.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a taxi licence be sold or bought in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It depends on the date the parking authorisation was issued. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532138\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3121-2 of the Transport Code<\/a> makes authorisations issued after the law of 1 October 2014 non-transferable, valid for five years and renewable. The holder of an older licence may put forward a successor for consideration to the competent authority, in Paris the police prefecture, provided that the licence has been operated actually and continuously for fifteen years from its issue, or five years from the first transfer. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745458\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745458\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3121-3<\/a> provides for exceptions where a business operating several licences ceases activity, in insolvency proceedings, in the event of permanent incapacity or on death. Where these conditions are not met, the buyer faces a refusal of transfer. In a case where the municipalities had refused the transfer of two licences sold before the end of the required period of operation, the Bordeaux court of appeal found that they had become transferable on the day it ruled, ordered their compulsory transfer to the buyer, and ordered the sellers to compensate the buyer for financial, commercial and moral loss (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6929fc9ab3dd52896a84dc25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Bordeaux, 2nd civil ch., 27 November 2025, No. 22\/03085<\/a>). Before any promise is signed, the firm checks the order of issue, the history of transfers, the evidence of operation and the agreement of the administrative authority.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the leasing of the business (location-g\u00e9rance) of a taxi parking authorisation permitted?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Only for licences issued before 1 October 2014. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745452\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3121-1-2 of the Transport Code<\/a> requires the holder to operate the authorisation personally, but for these older licences allows operation by employees, by a lessee-manager to whom the authorisation and the vehicle are leased together under the rules of the Commercial Code, or by a workers' production cooperative holding the authorisations that rents the taxi to its authorised members. The contract must nevertheless correspond to a genuine lease. The Paris court of appeal requalified a business leasing contract with a purchase option, noting that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6aa4ddf2195da062e062706a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">the contract concealed a disguised transfer of the licence<\/a>: a high security deposit, fees credited against the price, the option to substitute a third party and a commitment to transfer at the end of the contract (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 4 ch. 10, 10 September 2026, No. 22\/10246). It drew the financial consequences provided for in an earlier agreement between the parties. This analysis is a warning to lessor and lessee alike: an arrangement that circumvents the conditions for transfer can be called into question. The firm examines the economic balance of the contract, the date the licence was issued and the authorisation given by the administration before anything is signed.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the town hall withdraw a taxi licence that is not being operated?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028534381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028534381\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 3124-1 of the Transport Code<\/a> allows the authority that issued the parking authorisation to give a warning or to withdraw it temporarily or permanently where it is not operated actually or continuously, or in the event of a serious or repeated breach of the regulations. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030048433\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030048433\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 3121-6<\/a> provides that this operation is proved by income tax returns, tax assessment notices or any other means defined by order of the competent authority. The Toulouse administrative court of appeal dismissed the application of a holder whose licence, entrusted to a lessee-manager, had been withdrawn: the tax returns of the operating company established an economic activity, but not actual operation within the municipality, for lack of regular presence of the vehicle (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000050935954\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000050935954\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CAA Toulouse, 3rd ch., 31 December 2024, No. 23TL01072<\/a>). This unfavourable decision underlines that the proof must be localised and continuous. The firm therefore assembles, for the whole period under review, trip invoices, taximeter readings, parking evidence and tax returns, before challenging the order before the administrative court.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a taxi driver affiliated to a radio dispatch operator be recognised as an employee?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It is possible in theory, but the proof required is demanding. A registered driver is presumed to be independent, and must show that he or she worked under a permanent legal relationship of subordination (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044056617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044056617\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 8221-6 of the Labour Code<\/a>). The Versailles court of appeal rejected the claim of a driver affiliated to a radio dispatch operator, holding that \u201cthe existence of economic dependence, assuming it was alleged and shown, is not enough in itself to establish a relationship of subordination\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67932e3d20da87ff5e011283\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, social ch. 4-2, 23 January 2025, No. 24\/01856<\/a>). The court held that the requirements of courtesy and comfort imposed by the quality charter were inherent in the taxi trade, so that the withdrawal of points in the event of a breach did not reveal an organised service. It confirmed that the employment tribunal lacked jurisdiction and referred the case to the commercial court. This unfavourable outcome does not rule out every action: it requires showing precise instructions on how trips are carried out, effective supervision and sanctions that go beyond the mere performance of a commercial contract. The firm compares the affiliation contract, the charter and the actual practice before choosing the court.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does choosing your own hours and working for several applications rule out employee status?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not on its own, but these factors weigh heavily. In the Uber case decided on 4 March 2020, the Social Chamber approved a court of appeal that had held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca56cd0a790c1ec36ddc07\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">freedom to choose one's working days and hours did not rule out subordination<\/a>, the logged-on driver being part of a service organised by the platform (Cass. soc., 4 March 2020, No. 19-13.316). The outcome remains an assessment of the facts. The Bordeaux court of appeal rejected the requalification sought by another driver, holding that \u201cthe possibility of setting a price, even a maximum one, unilaterally does not establish a relationship of subordination\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69837459cdc6046d47e61f1f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Bordeaux, social ch. A, 3 February 2026, No. 25\/00573<\/a>), since the driver could refuse trips, use other applications and serve his or her own customers. This judgment is unfavourable to the driver and designated the commercial court. The case is therefore built on the facts specific to the driver: instructions received, imposed routes, fare corrections, disconnections after refusals, a monitored cancellation rate. The firm lists these elements from the application history and the messages received.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What changes with the European platform work directive from 2 December 2026?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32024L2831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Directive (EU) 2024\/2831<\/a> of 23 October 2024 requires Member States to establish a legal presumption of an employment relationship where facts indicating direction and control are found. Under its Article 5, the platform that wants to rebut this presumption must then prove that the relationship is not an employment relationship. The presumption must be a procedural facilitation and must not increase the burden on the worker. Article 29 sets 2 December 2026 as the transposition deadline. For contractual relationships in progress on 2 December 2026, Article 5(6) limits the presumption to the period starting on that date, and recital 33 states that earlier periods remain governed by the law then applicable. As of 1 November 2026, Article L. 8221-6 of the Labour Code as published on L\u00e9gifrance keeps the wording in force since 1 January 2023; the French transposition measures and their effective date remain to be checked on the day of the action. The driver must therefore distinguish between periods: before 2 December 2026, the burden of proving the relationship of subordination rests on the driver under current case law. The firm follows the transposition text and its conditions of entry into force before settling on a requalification strategy.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The platform has suspended my access: what should I check before acting?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The first question concerns the driver's status, because it determines the court and the time limit. If the driver is independent, the Transport Code guarantees that no penalty follows the refusal of a trip, and the platform may neither suspend nor end the relationship for that reason alone (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045525868\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045525868\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 1326-2 of the Transport Code<\/a>). The same text requires the platform to tell the driver, when it offers a service, the distance, the destination and the guaranteed minimum price, after deduction of commission fees. Terminating an established commercial relationship without sufficient written notice can also make the platform liable (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054716237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054716237\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code<\/a>). If the driver maintains that he or she was in reality an employee, the action relating to the termination is subject to a limitation period of twelve months from its notification (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036762126\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036762126\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 1471-1 of the Labour Code<\/a>). The next step is to identify the ground relied on: a customer's report, an expired document, a withdrawn professional card, a suspicion of fraud. A suspension based on the expiry of the card or of the insurance can be settled by regularising the document. The firm asks for the reasons in writing, reconstructs the income history and chooses between regularisation, negotiation and legal action.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a taxi driver obtain compensation against a competitor that ignores the regulations?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, on the ground of unfair competition, but the quantification of the loss remains debated. In the litigation arising from the UberPop service, the Commercial Chamber accepted that compensation may be assessed by taking into account the undue advantage the wrongdoer gave itself by escaping costly regulation, adjusted according to the respective business volumes. It added that \u201cWhere the author of the unfair practice proves that the competitor has suffered neither loss, nor lost profit, nor loss of a chance to avoid a loss or make a gain, it is liable only to compensate moral loss, which is irrebuttably presumed\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67f615a63b0cdae54cf3d7ea\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 April 2025, No. 23-22.122<\/a>). It therefore set aside the awards made for the economic loss of taxi drivers, the court of appeal having found that their turnover had not fallen during the period in question. The outcome is partly unfavourable to the taxi drivers claiming: the moral loss remains, but economic loss requires proof. The firm gathers comparative turnover figures, the period of the practices and evidence of the undue competitive advantage before quantifying the claim.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745346\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 3120-2 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">prior booking, touting and information on location<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784441\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039784441\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 3120-2-2 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">driver's professional card<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034389382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000034389382\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 3120-8 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">convictions that bar practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029529985\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029529985\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 3122-9 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">return to base after the trip<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000029532138\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 3121-2 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">transfer and duration of the parking authorisation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745452\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745452\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 3121-1-2 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">personal operation and leasing of the business<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028534381\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028534381\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 3124-1 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">warning and withdrawal of the parking authorisation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745438\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033745438\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 3124-11 of the Transport Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">withdrawal of the professional card<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044056617\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044056617\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 8221-6 of the Labour Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">presumption of non-employee status<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32024L2831\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Directive (EU) 2024\/2831<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">platform work, presumption of an employment relationship<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/transport-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Transport law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/road-transport-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Road transport<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/logistics-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Logistics<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/commercial-litigation-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial litigation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A card, a licence or an account at stake? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the decision you received, your contracts and your activity statements: the firm identifies the applicable regime, the time limit to meet and the competent court.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What conditions must be met to obtain a VTC or taxi driver's professional card?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Any driver who carries out private passenger transport for payment with a vehicle of fewer than ten seats must hold a professional card issued by the administrative authority (Article L. 3120-2-2 of the Transport Code). Article L. 3120-2-1 makes this card subject to conditions of professional fitness and good repute, which the implementing decree sets out. Article R. 3120-6 thus requires a driving licence suited to the vehicle, whose probationary period has expired when the person enters the profession, a pass in a fitness test and compliance with the good repute condition. The same article requires the card to be issued within a maximum of three months of the application, and to be displayed visibly on the windscreen when the vehicle is used professionally. In practice, an application may fail on proof of fitness or on an entry in the criminal record. The firm checks the documents sent to the prefecture, the filing date and the reasons given for any refusal. A refusal that is not reasoned, or that rests on an inapplicable text or on a conviction absent from bulletin no. 2, can be challenged before the administrative court within the time limit for challenge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does a conviction entered on the criminal record bar someone from working as a driver?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not just any conviction. Article R. 3120-8 of the Transport Code covers only entries on bulletin no. 2 of the criminal record, and sets out a closed list. It includes a final conviction for a road offence punished by the loss of half of the points on the driving licence, driving without a licence or despite its annulment, refusal to return the licence after invalidation, and a serious-crime sentence or a sentence of at least six months' imprisonment for an offence of theft, fraud, breach of trust, intentional violence against the person, sexual assault, arms trafficking, extortion or an offence under drug legislation. A conviction outside this list, or a conviction that does not appear on bulletin no. 2, does not meet this condition. The person concerned can obtain from the public prosecutor disclosure of the full extract of their record, without receiving a copy (Article 777-2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure). The firm first examines the judgments of conviction, the nature of the offence and the length of the sentence, then checks whether the refusal or withdrawal of the card really rests on one of the cases provided for.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the prefect withdraw my VTC driver's professional card?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Where the rules applicable to the profession are breached, the administrative authority may give the driver a warning or withdraw the professional card temporarily or permanently (Article L. 3124-11 of the Transport Code). A card may also be withdrawn because the conditions for issuing it were not met: the Douai administrative court of appeal thus dismissed the application of a driver whose card had been withdrawn for lack of sufficient professional experience, because the payslips from driving work were contradicted by the driver's tax returns, which showed full-time employment as a mechanic over the same period (CAA Douai, 2nd ch., 15 March 2022, No. 21DA00818). This unfavourable decision shows that the consistency of the documents matters as much as their number. The challenge is brought before the administrative court, in principle within two months of notification (Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice). If the loss of the card deprives the driver of income, a suspension application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9-suspension) can be made, provided that urgency and a serious doubt as to the lawfulness of the decision are shown (Article L. 521-1 of the same code).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a VTC driver wait for a customer on the public highway between two trips?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, unless there is a prior booking. Article L. 3120-2 of the Transport Code prohibits a driver who does not hold a parking authorisation from picking up a customer on the public highway without a booking, from stopping, parking or driving around looking for customers, and from parking near railway stations and airport terminals beyond the period set by decree. After each booked service, Article L. 3122-9 requires the driver to return to the operator's place of business or to a parking place off the carriageway, unless there is a new booking or a contract with the end customer. The Criminal Chamber held that this failure necessarily leads the driver to park or drive around while waiting for a trip, which constitutes the unlawful practice of the activity of taxi operator (Cass. crim., 28 November 2023, No. 22-80.577). In that case, the conviction of the company and of two individuals for complicity in that offence became final, the quashing relating only to another offence and to the sentences. A driver who is prosecuted must therefore be able to justify, trip by trip, the booking that precedes each pick-up and where he or she was between two assignments.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What penalties does a driver face for carrying a customer without a booking or without a card?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In the wording applicable since 27 June 2026, Article L. 3124-12 of the Transport Code punishes with three years' imprisonment and a fine of \u20ac45,000 hiring out a vehicle by the seat without a prior booking, picking up a customer on the public highway without a booking, soliciting a customer with a view to such a pick-up or offering such a service for sale, or carrying out transport without the professional card corresponding to the activity. Individuals also face suspension of the driving licence for up to five years, immobilisation of the vehicle for up to one year, its confiscation and a ban from entering certain places. The same text provides for a fixed-penalty fine for an offence (amende forfaitaire d\u00e9lictuelle) of \u20ac500, reduced to \u20ac400 and increased to \u20ac1,000. L\u00e9gifrance gives an end date for this version of 1 January 2029, when a new wording will take over: the date of the facts therefore determines the text applied. The firm checks the report, whether the booking was real, the time-stamping in the application and the capacity of the officers. It also considers whether it is advisable to accept or contest the fixed-penalty fine, because payment extinguishes the criminal proceedings and then closes off any discussion of the reality of the facts alleged.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a booking application show customers the position of available VTCs?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article L. 3120-2, III, of the Transport Code prohibits VTC drivers and booking centres from informing a customer, before booking, of both the location and the availability of a vehicle situated on the public highway. This rule protects the activity reserved for taxis. In the dispute between a VTC company and the Transopco platform, the Commercial Chamber clarified that this text does not require that the customer be able to select a specific vehicle: it is enough that the customer knows the position and availability of the nearest cars before ordering (Cass. com., 25 June 2025, No. 23-22.430). In the same decision it recalled that \u201cFailure to comply with a regulation in carrying on a commercial activity constitutes an act of unfair competition, since it necessarily gives its author an undue competitive advantage\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 25 June 2025, No. 23-22.430). The platform's appeal to the Court of Cassation was dismissed. For the driver, the consequence is twofold: the platform's log-on instructions may expose the driver to prosecution, and they may also serve as evidence in a debate on the driver's status. The firm analyses screenshots of the application and the terms of the partnership contract.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a taxi licence be sold or bought in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It depends on the date the parking authorisation was issued. Article L. 3121-2 of the Transport Code makes authorisations issued after the law of 1 October 2014 non-transferable, valid for five years and renewable. The holder of an older licence may put forward a successor for consideration to the competent authority, in Paris the police prefecture, provided that the licence has been operated actually and continuously for fifteen years from its issue, or five years from the first transfer. Article L. 3121-3 provides for exceptions where a business operating several licences ceases activity, in insolvency proceedings, in the event of permanent incapacity or on death. Where these conditions are not met, the buyer faces a refusal of transfer. In a case where the municipalities had refused the transfer of two licences sold before the end of the required period of operation, the Bordeaux court of appeal found that they had become transferable on the day it ruled, ordered their compulsory transfer to the buyer, and ordered the sellers to compensate the buyer for financial, commercial and moral loss (CA Bordeaux, 2nd civil ch., 27 November 2025, No. 22\/03085). Before any promise is signed, the firm checks the order of issue, the history of transfers, the evidence of operation and the agreement of the administrative authority.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the leasing of the business (location-g\u00e9rance) of a taxi parking authorisation permitted?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Only for licences issued before 1 October 2014. Article L. 3121-1-2 of the Transport Code requires the holder to operate the authorisation personally, but for these older licences allows operation by employees, by a lessee-manager to whom the authorisation and the vehicle are leased together under the rules of the Commercial Code, or by a workers' production cooperative holding the authorisations that rents the taxi to its authorised members. The contract must nevertheless correspond to a genuine lease. The Paris court of appeal requalified a business leasing contract with a purchase option, noting that the contract concealed a disguised transfer of the licence: a high security deposit, fees credited against the price, the option to substitute a third party and a commitment to transfer at the end of the contract (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 4 ch. 10, 10 September 2026, No. 22\/10246). It drew the financial consequences provided for in an earlier agreement between the parties. This analysis is a warning to lessor and lessee alike: an arrangement that circumvents the conditions for transfer can be called into question. The firm examines the economic balance of the contract, the date the licence was issued and the authorisation given by the administration before anything is signed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the town hall withdraw a taxi licence that is not being operated?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Article L. 3124-1 of the Transport Code allows the authority that issued the parking authorisation to give a warning or to withdraw it temporarily or permanently where it is not operated actually or continuously, or in the event of a serious or repeated breach of the regulations. Article R. 3121-6 provides that this operation is proved by income tax returns, tax assessment notices or any other means defined by order of the competent authority. The Toulouse administrative court of appeal dismissed the application of a holder whose licence, entrusted to a lessee-manager, had been withdrawn: the tax returns of the operating company established an economic activity, but not actual operation within the municipality, for lack of regular presence of the vehicle (CAA Toulouse, 3rd ch., 31 December 2024, No. 23TL01072). This unfavourable decision underlines that the proof must be localised and continuous. The firm therefore assembles, for the whole period under review, trip invoices, taximeter readings, parking evidence and tax returns, before challenging the order before the administrative court.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a taxi driver affiliated to a radio dispatch operator be recognised as an employee?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is possible in theory, but the proof required is demanding. A registered driver is presumed to be independent, and must show that he or she worked under a permanent legal relationship of subordination (Article L. 8221-6 of the Labour Code). The Versailles court of appeal rejected the claim of a driver affiliated to a radio dispatch operator, holding that \u201cthe existence of economic dependence, assuming it was alleged and shown, is not enough in itself to establish a relationship of subordination\u201d (our translation) (CA Versailles, social ch. 4-2, 23 January 2025, No. 24\/01856). The court held that the requirements of courtesy and comfort imposed by the quality charter were inherent in the taxi trade, so that the withdrawal of points in the event of a breach did not reveal an organised service. It confirmed that the employment tribunal lacked jurisdiction and referred the case to the commercial court. This unfavourable outcome does not rule out every action: it requires showing precise instructions on how trips are carried out, effective supervision and sanctions that go beyond the mere performance of a commercial contract. The firm compares the affiliation contract, the charter and the actual practice before choosing the court.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does choosing your own hours and working for several applications rule out employee status?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not on its own, but these factors weigh heavily. In the Uber case decided on 4 March 2020, the Social Chamber approved a court of appeal that had held that freedom to choose one's working days and hours did not rule out subordination, the logged-on driver being part of a service organised by the platform (Cass. soc., 4 March 2020, No. 19-13.316). The outcome remains an assessment of the facts. The Bordeaux court of appeal rejected the requalification sought by another driver, holding that \u201cthe possibility of setting a price, even a maximum one, unilaterally does not establish a relationship of subordination\u201d (our translation) (CA Bordeaux, social ch. A, 3 February 2026, No. 25\/00573), since the driver could refuse trips, use other applications and serve his or her own customers. This judgment is unfavourable to the driver and designated the commercial court. The case is therefore built on the facts specific to the driver: instructions received, imposed routes, fare corrections, disconnections after refusals, a monitored cancellation rate. The firm lists these elements from the application history and the messages received.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What changes with the European platform work directive from 2 December 2026?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Directive (EU) 2024\/2831 of 23 October 2024 requires Member States to establish a legal presumption of an employment relationship where facts indicating direction and control are found. Under its Article 5, the platform that wants to rebut this presumption must then prove that the relationship is not an employment relationship. The presumption must be a procedural facilitation and must not increase the burden on the worker. Article 29 sets 2 December 2026 as the transposition deadline. For contractual relationships in progress on 2 December 2026, Article 5(6) limits the presumption to the period starting on that date, and recital 33 states that earlier periods remain governed by the law then applicable. As of 1 November 2026, Article L. 8221-6 of the Labour Code as published on L\u00e9gifrance keeps the wording in force since 1 January 2023; the French transposition measures and their effective date remain to be checked on the day of the action. The driver must therefore distinguish between periods: before 2 December 2026, the burden of proving the relationship of subordination rests on the driver under current case law. The firm follows the transposition text and its conditions of entry into force before settling on a requalification strategy.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The platform has suspended my access: what should I check before acting?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The first question concerns the driver's status, because it determines the court and the time limit. If the driver is independent, the Transport Code guarantees that no penalty follows the refusal of a trip, and the platform may neither suspend nor end the relationship for that reason alone (Article L. 1326-2 of the Transport Code). The same text requires the platform to tell the driver, when it offers a service, the distance, the destination and the guaranteed minimum price, after deduction of commission fees. Terminating an established commercial relationship without sufficient written notice can also make the platform liable (Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code). If the driver maintains that he or she was in reality an employee, the action relating to the termination is subject to a limitation period of twelve months from its notification (Article L. 1471-1 of the Labour Code). The next step is to identify the ground relied on: a customer's report, an expired document, a withdrawn professional card, a suspicion of fraud. A suspension based on the expiry of the card or of the insurance can be settled by regularising the document. The firm asks for the reasons in writing, reconstructs the income history and chooses between regularisation, negotiation and legal action.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a taxi driver obtain compensation against a competitor that ignores the regulations?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, on the ground of unfair competition, but the quantification of the loss remains debated. In the litigation arising from the UberPop service, the Commercial Chamber accepted that compensation may be assessed by taking into account the undue advantage the wrongdoer gave itself by escaping costly regulation, adjusted according to the respective business volumes. It added that \u201cWhere the author of the unfair practice proves that the competitor has suffered neither loss, nor lost profit, nor loss of a chance to avoid a loss or make a gain, it is liable only to compensate moral loss, which is irrebuttably presumed\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 9 April 2025, No. 23-22.122). It therefore set aside the awards made for the economic loss of taxi drivers, the court of appeal having found that their turnover had not fallen during the period in question. The outcome is partly unfavourable to the taxi drivers claiming: the moral loss remains, but economic loss requires proof. 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Withdrawal of a professional card, a contested parking authorisation, a prosecution for touting for fares (maraude), a contract with a platform or a radio dispatch operator: each driver&#8217;s situation falls under a distinct regime. As taxi [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157161,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161339","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Taxi and VTC Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Taxi and VTC lawyer Paris: professional card withdrawn, taxi licence, platform suspension or driver status. Call the firm to set out your options.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/taxi-vtc-lawyer-paris\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Taxi and VTC lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Taxi and VTC lawyer Paris: professional card withdrawn, taxi licence, platform suspension or driver status. 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