{"id":2161323,"date":"2026-11-01T23:11:41","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161323"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:45:38","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:45:38","slug":"industrial-property-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/industrial-property-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Industrial property lawyer in Paris: taking stock of patents, trade marks, designs"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161323\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161323 elementor-2160708\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-propriete-industrielle-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Patents, trade marks, designs and models: ownership, registers, deadlines, contracts<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Industrial property lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> taking stock of patents, trade marks, designs.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A company often uses more creations than it has protected, and sometimes holds fewer titles than it believes. As an industrial property lawyer in Paris, the firm maps your patents, trade marks, designs and models: the true owner, the state of the registers of the French Intellectual Property Office (INPI), the deadlines to meet and the contracts that bind each title.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">An unrecorded assignment, an unpaid annuity or a trade mark left in the founder's name can deprive the company of its right to bring an action. Gather the registration certificates and the contracts before any fundraising, sale or infringement action.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Industrial property \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the list of known titles, the INPI certificates, the assignment or licence deeds and the creation contracts: the firm reviews ownership, the state of the registers and the upcoming deadlines.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Industrial property lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Industrial property: <em>what the inventory reveals<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Intellectual property \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What an <em>industrial property lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Intellectual property<\/li><li>Patents, trade marks, designs<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, avocat at the Paris Bar, advises companies on industrial property and on the transfer of their titles between companies, directors, employees and service providers.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">An industrial property portfolio reads as three overlapping layers: the title granted or registered, the national register that records its movements, and then the contracts that govern its use. The firm checks that these three layers match for every patent, trade mark, design or model of the company.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The issue is procedural as much as economic. The Court of Cassation holds that the acquirer of a patent is not admissible to bring an infringement action as long as the deed has not been recorded, and that a trade mark owner recorded on the register is admissible to bring one. An accurate map of rights therefore conditions the defence, the negotiation and the sale of the company.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The right owner<\/h3><p>A filing in the name of the director, of a former company or of a service provider creates a gap between the user and the owner, which only a written assignment or an ownership claim can correct.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Up-to-date registers<\/h3><p>Assignments, licences and pledges become enforceable against third parties only once they are recorded on the national registers kept by the INPI, except against a third party who acquired rights after the deed with knowledge of it.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Deadlines met<\/h3><p>Patent annuities, ten-yearly trade mark renewals, five-yearly design extensions: a missed deadline can extinguish a right that the company believed secure.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Patent, trade mark, design: <em>the rules that set the value of the portfolio<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Five rules decide what each line of the inventory is really worth.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Any act that transfers or modifies rights in a patent must be recorded in the National Patent Register to be enforceable against third parties (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-9 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The commercial chamber of the Court of Cassation infers from this that \u201cas long as the transfer has not been recorded in the national patent register, the successor in title cannot rely on the rights arising from the deed that transferred ownership of the patent to them\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6628a05cb2cb67000826a353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 24 April 2024, No. 22-22.999<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Ownership of a trade mark is acquired by registration, for ten years, renewable indefinitely (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-1<\/a>), and any transfer must be recorded in the National Trade Mark Register (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381630\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-7<\/a>). The Court of Cassation quashed a court of appeal \u201cwhich ruled on the existence of the right relied on, which goes to the merits of the infringement claim and not to the admissibility of the action\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ab38322c27382d099072c57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 23 September 2026, No. 24-20.689<\/a>), the recorded owner being admissible to bring an action.<\/li>\n  <li>For a design or model, protection arises from registration and the applicant is presumed to be the beneficiary, unless proven otherwise (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279337\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 511-9<\/a>). According to the Court of Cassation, \u201cThe presumption arising from this provision in favour of the applicant can be rebutted only where a claim of ownership of the design or model is made by the natural person or persons who created it\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65b9f07f8452800008b2b33f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 31 January 2024, No. 22-20.409<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Patent assignments and licences must be evidenced in writing, on pain of nullity (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-8<\/a>). An employer that holds the right to the patent for an invention made in the course of the employee's assigned duties (invention de mission) may assign it: \u201cNothing prevents the latter from assigning that right to a third party\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/61d5456fd1f0ab051874905c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 5 January 2022, No. 19-22.030<\/a>), provided that the classification as an invention made in the course of assigned duties is established.<\/li>\n  <li>The owner of a patent who does not pay the annual fee forfeits their rights (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-22<\/a>). The owner of a trade mark who, without proper reason, has not put it to genuine use for five years is liable to revocation for the goods or services concerned (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-5<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The inventory does not stop at the certificates. It compares each title with the register, with actual use and with the contracts signed, because these discrepancies can compromise the exercise or the maintenance of rights.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>The documents that make it possible to <em>map the titles<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The map is built from the titles, the deeds through which they have moved and the evidence of use.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are taking stock of your rights<\/p><ul><li>Filing, registration or grant certificates, extracts from the registers of the INPI, the EPO, the EUIPO or the WIPO<\/li><li>Employment, service, development and design contracts from which the creations arose<\/li><li>Assignment deeds, licences and pledges, with proof that they have been recorded<\/li><li>Evidence of annuities, renewals and actual use of each trade mark<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are buying, financing or selling the company<\/p><ul><li>List of titles declared by the seller or the target company, with their numbers and owners<\/li><li>Intellectual property warranties provided for in the draft deed, agreement or contribution agreement<\/li><li>Licences, distribution agreements and coexistence agreements attached to the trade marks<\/li><li>Past or pending oppositions, formal notices, and actions for nullity or revocation<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not sign a transfer of shares, of a business or of assets without first reconciling the list of announced rights with the national registers: an expired title, a missing title or one recorded in a third party's name changes the price and the warranties.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Patents<\/li><li>Trade marks<\/li><li>Designs<\/li><li>Due diligence<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>conducts the inventory<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Identify, reconcile, correct, then organise the use of the titles.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Identifying creations and signs<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm starts from the real business: products sold, processes used, trade names, shapes and packaging. It then separates what rests on a title from what has none.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Reconciling titles and registers<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">For each title, it checks the registered owner, the expiry date, the claims or goods covered and the deeds already recorded, noting each discrepancy with the factual situation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Correcting discrepancies<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Depending on the case, it prepares the written assignment deed and its recordal request, the regularisation of an employee's invention, a renewal or the claim for recovery of a fraudulent filing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Organising use<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">It drafts or reviews licences, warranty clauses and agreements between group companies, so that the use of each title matches its ownership.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A useful map is kept up to date: each assignment, licence or new filing is entered with its recordal date and its next deadline.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The deadlines <em>of a portfolio of titles<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each title follows its own time limits, which accumulate within a single company.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Filing<\/p><p><strong>Before any disclosure or placing on the market.<\/strong> The filing sets the starting point of the terms: twenty years for a patent (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573176\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-2<\/a>), ten years renewable for a trade mark, five years extendable for a design.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Patent annuities<\/p><p>The annual fee is due every year. Late payment remains possible for six months with a surcharge; failing that, forfeiture takes effect on the date of the unpaid instalment.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Use of trade marks<\/p><p>Five years without genuine use expose the trade mark to revocation for the goods or services that are not used.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Design extensions<\/p><p>Every five years, extension keeps the design or model in force, up to a limit of twenty-five years, subject to the specific rules for filings made before 1 October 2001 and to the ten-year term provided for certain spare parts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043975026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043975026\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 513-1<\/a>).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Trade mark renewals<\/p><p>Every ten years, the trade mark must be renewed by its owner, failing which protection ends.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Capital transaction<\/p><p>Before a fundraising, a sale or a contribution, the inventory is updated and missing recordals are regularised.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>title by title<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each line of the inventory answers the same questions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Registered owner: is the person on the register the one who uses, finances or resells the right?<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Chain of rights: is each assignment in writing, granted by the right assignor and recorded on the national register?<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Deadlines: have annuities, renewals and extensions been paid, and when does the next one fall due?<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Scope: do the claims, classes of goods and filed representations cover what is actually sold?<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Contracts: do licences, pledges, coexistence agreements or warranties limit the unrestricted disposal of the title?<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>correction<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent gaps between the map of titles and the reality of the company.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Trade mark filed in the founder's name<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Registration certificate, extract from the register and evidence of use by the company.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> To be regularised before any transfer of shares, fundraising or action against a competitor.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Written assignment from the founder to the company, then recordal in the National Trade Mark Register.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Patent acquired, assignment not recorded<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Written assignment deed and extract from the National Patent Register.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Without recordal, the infringement action is inadmissible; recordal during the proceedings regularises the action, but it is better to make it before issuing the writ of summons.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Recordal request, then an action including earlier facts if the deed so provides.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Design created by an outside agency<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Service contract, invoices, dated source files and filing certificate.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Before filing or, failing that, before asserting the design against a competitor.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Written assignment of the creator's rights and filing or recordal in the company's name.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Invention developed by an employee<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Employment contract, job description, invention disclosure and laboratory notebooks.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> As soon as the invention is disclosed, before the application is filed.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Classification of the invention: filing in the employer's name and additional remuneration for an invention made in the course of assigned duties, attribution of the title against a fair price in the cases provided for other inventions.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Forgotten patent annuity<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Decision notified by the INPI, payment statements and correspondence with the agent.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Six months' grace to pay with a surcharge; after that, an application for restoration within two months of the end of the impediment.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Application for restoration if there is a legitimate excuse; failing that, a re-examination of the protection.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Trade mark little used or not used<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Dated invoices, catalogues and advertisements, sorted by product and by year.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> The five-year period without genuine use is assessed product by product.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> For the future: resumption of real use, narrowing of the specification or a new targeted filing, which counts only from its own date.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>industrial property<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Why take stock of a company's patents, trade marks and designs?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Because industrial property cannot be presumed from use. A company may have sold for years a product whose shape was never filed, use a trade mark registered in its founder's name, or operate a process patented by a dissolved subsidiary. The inventory consists in reconciling three sources: what the company uses, what the national registers show and what the contracts provide.<\/p><p>These gaps have specific effects. Any act transferring a patent must be recorded on the register to be enforceable against third parties (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-9 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>), and the Court of Cassation refuses the acquirer's infringement action as long as that recordal is missing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6628a05cb2cb67000826a353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 24 April 2024, No. 22-22.999<\/a>). A trade mark not used for five years is exposed to revocation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-5<\/a>), and a patent whose annuity is not paid lapses (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-22<\/a>).<\/p><p>Finally, the inventory is also useful for transactions. Before a fundraising, a contribution or a sale, the investor or buyer asks for the list of titles and warranties. A map prepared in advance makes it possible to regularise recordals, correct owners and set warranties that match the real situation, rather than discovering the gaps during the negotiation.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Our trade mark is registered in the founder's name: can the company rely on it?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Ownership of a trade mark is acquired by registration (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-1 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). If the certificate names the founder personally, the founder is the owner, even where the company alone has used the trade mark from the outset. The company then uses it only with the founder's authorisation, the existence and scope of which must be established, since it is the founder who can assign, license or pledge the trade mark.<\/p><p>The fix is an assignment of the founder's rights to the company. The rights attached to a trade mark may be transferred in whole or in part (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381638\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-1<\/a>), and the transfer must be recorded in the National Trade Mark Register to be enforceable against third parties (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381630\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-7<\/a>). The deed states the price or that the transfer is made without payment, the trade marks concerned by their number and, where relevant, the fate of pending actions.<\/p><p>This regularisation becomes urgent before an investor comes in or the shares are sold, which generally require an ownership warranty. It is also urgent before an action against a competitor. The commercial chamber holds that the owner recorded on the register is admissible to bring an infringement action, any discussion of the chain of rights being a matter for the examination of the merits (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ab38322c27382d099072c57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 23 September 2026, No. 24-20.689<\/a>). The firm therefore first checks who appears on the register.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>We bought a patent: can we act against an infringer before recording the assignment?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. The assignment deed, which must be in writing on pain of nullity (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>), becomes enforceable against third parties only once it is recorded in the National Patent Register (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-9<\/a>). The Court of Cassation draws a clear procedural consequence: as long as the recordal has not been made, the acquirer is not admissible to bring an infringement action. That plea of inadmissibility can nevertheless be cured during the proceedings, and the commercial chamber quashed the judgment that then limited compensation to acts after the recordal.<\/p><p>The recordal then opens a wider action than is commonly thought. In the same decision, the commercial chamber accepts that the successor in title, once recorded, may claim compensation for acts committed since the transfer and, \u201cif the deed transferring the rights so specifies, for the harm caused to them by acts committed before the transfer\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6628a05cb2cb67000826a353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 24 April 2024, No. 22-22.999<\/a>). The drafting of the deed therefore matters as much as its recordal.<\/p><p>In practice, the firm checks the date of the deed, the signature of the recorded assignor, the precise description of the patent and of any foreign patents of the same family, then the recordal date. Where the infringer has already been identified, the recordal request preferably precedes the writ of summons, and the assignment deed expressly provides for the transfer of actions arising before the assignment. For designs and models, recordal in the national register likewise governs the enforceability of transfers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298710\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298710\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 513-3<\/a>), but the applicant also benefits from a statutory presumption, set out in the next question.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>An agency designed our product: who owns the registered design?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The Code sets a presumption in favour of the applicant: protection of a design or model is acquired by registration, and the person who filed the application is regarded as the beneficiary, unless proven otherwise (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279337\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 511-9 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). If the company filed the design in its own name, it therefore has a solid basis to act against copies.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation has clarified the scope of this presumption. It quashed a judgment that denied the applicant the right to bring an infringement action on the ground that the assignment it relied on had not been published in the national register, recalling that \u201cThe presumption arising from this provision in favour of the applicant can be rebutted only where a claim of ownership of the design or model is made by the natural person or persons who created it\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65b9f07f8452800008b2b33f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 31 January 2024, No. 22-20.409<\/a>).<\/p><p>The risk therefore comes from the creator. The designer or agency that considers the filing to have been made in fraud of its rights may claim ownership in court, within five years of publication of the registration; if the applicant was acting in bad faith at the time of publication or acquisition, that five-year period runs only from the expiry of the protection (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717121\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717121\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 511-10<\/a>). The inventory looks for the service contract, checks that it contains a written assignment of rights in the creations delivered and, failing that, has an assignment signed before any sensitive use.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who owns an invention developed by an employee?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Article <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">L. 611-7 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> distinguishes according to the mission. Inventions made in the performance of a contract that includes an inventive mission corresponding to the employee's actual duties, or of studies and research explicitly entrusted to the employee, belong to the employer. The employee-inventor is then entitled to additional remuneration, the terms of which are set by the collective agreement, the company agreement or the contract. Other inventions belong to the employee, although the employer may in certain cases be awarded the title against a fair price.<\/p><p>An invention made in the course of assigned duties becomes an asset of the employer, which may transfer it: \u201cNothing prevents the latter from assigning that right to a third party\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/61d5456fd1f0ab051874905c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 5 January 2022, No. 19-22.030<\/a>). The appeal to the Court of Cassation by the employee, who disputed the assignee's right, was dismissed.<\/p><p>In that case, the invention had been classified as an invention made in the course of assigned duties, and the employer's intangible assets had then been sold; the assignee was able to rely on that classification against the employee who claimed the patent. The inventory must therefore follow the chain back to the original employer and check two points: the nature of the invention in light of the employee's actual duties, and the effective transfer of the right to the patent at each stage. The firm gathers the employment contract, the real description of duties, the invention disclosure and the acquisition deed, before any filing or assignment of the patent.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens if a patent annuity has not been paid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An owner who does not pay the annual fee within the prescribed period forfeits their rights; forfeiture takes effect on the date of the unpaid instalment and is recorded by a decision of the Director of the INPI, published and notified to the patentee (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-22 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Before it comes to that, an annuity unpaid on its due date can still validly be paid within a six-month grace period, with a surcharge (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019910654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019910654\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 612-19<\/a>).<\/p><p>After that grace period, the only remedy is an application for restoration, on narrow conditions. The applicant must show a legitimate excuse and submit the application to the Director General of the INPI within two months of the end of the impediment, and in any event within one year after the grace period expires; restoration also requires payment of the fees due within the regulatory period (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 612-16<\/a>).<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation applies these time limits strictly. It held that \u201cnotification of the decision recording the forfeiture of a patent, whether made to the patentee or to its agent, ends the legitimate excuse\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/646478035c7899d0f88f899a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 May 2023, No. 22-10.744<\/a>), and dismissed the appeal of a patentee whose application was late. That decision is unfavourable to the owner: the default of its agent did not protect it. The inventory therefore notes each deadline, the agent responsible for payment and the address to which the INPI sends its decisions.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a trade mark we no longer use still be asserted against a competitor?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It remains on the register as long as revocation has not been ordered, but an action becomes fragile. An owner who, without proper reason, has not put the trade mark to genuine use for the goods or services designated, during an uninterrupted period of five years, is liable to revocation of their rights (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-5 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The provision treats as use any use made with the owner's consent, in particular by a licensee.<\/p><p>Revocation is assessed product by product. Where a broad specification is used for only some of the goods, the commercial chamber states that \u201cthe court must examine whether the category covered by the registration of the trade mark can be divided, objectively and non-arbitrarily, into autonomous and coherent sub-categories\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68242db9eaabb276d1616de1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 14 May 2025, No. 23-21.296<\/a>). The owner may thus keep the sub-category in use and lose the rest.<\/p><p>The inventory therefore sorts evidence of use by trade mark, by product and by year: invoices, catalogues, advertisements, dated website captures. When a trade mark is no longer used, it is better to know before asserting it: at the defendant's request, the infringement action is inadmissible if the owner does not prove genuine use during the five years preceding the claim, for the goods relied on, or proper reasons for non-use (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039378229\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039378229\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 716-4-3<\/a>). For the future, the firm can propose a genuine resumption of use, a narrowing of the specification or a more targeted filing; use resumed in the three months preceding an application for revocation, after the owner has learned that it might be made, does not prevent it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039393747\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039393747\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 716-3<\/a>), and a new filing counts only from its own date.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can we recover a trade mark filed by a third party who knew about our business?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Through an ownership claim. If registration was applied for in fraud of a third party's rights or in breach of a legal or contractual obligation, the person who considers that they have a right in the trade mark may claim ownership in court (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-6 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Unless the applicant acted in bad faith, the action is subject to a limitation period of five years from publication of the registration application.<\/p><p>Bad faith therefore removes the limitation period, and the courts must examine it concretely. The Court of Cassation quashed a judgment that had held, in order to dismiss the fraud, that \u201cthe desire to protect one's surname, when it is used in the course of business, is in itself a legitimate aim\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691597ab5cc9fa7cae5ac130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 24-14.355<\/a>). It held those grounds unsuitable for ruling out bad faith where the applicant knew the sign was already in use by a third-party company, and quashed for lack of legal basis.<\/p><p>Knowledge of prior use is thus one indication of bad faith among others, established by dated documents: business relations, contracts, emails, joint attendance at a trade fair. The inventory makes it possible to spot such competing filings early, before the five-year period runs out, and to check that an ownership claim is the right route, rather than an action for nullity based on an earlier right.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the seller of a trade mark later challenge its validity?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In principle, no. The seller remains bound by the warranty arising from a personal act, and any contrary agreement is void (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441798\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1628 of the French Civil Code<\/a>). The commercial chamber recalls that \u201cthe assignor of rights in a trade mark is bound in the terms of Article 1628 of the Civil Code\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65deda9b7f398b00089bf802\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 28 February 2024, No. 22-23.833<\/a>), so that the assignor cannot seek revocation of the assigned trade mark for deceptiveness, a claim aimed at evicting the acquirer.<\/p><p>The same decision reserves an exception: \u201cthe warranty in favour of the assignee ceases when the eviction is due to the assignee's own fault\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65deda9b7f398b00089bf802\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 28 February 2024, No. 22-23.833<\/a>). The assignor can therefore act if relying on wrongful facts occurring after the assignment and attributable to the acquirer. On that point, the Court of Cassation rejected the first ground and referred a question for a preliminary ruling to the Court of Justice of the European Union on the revocation of a trade mark consisting of a designer's name. The decision therefore did not settle that second question. The Court of Justice answered it on 18 December 2025: EU law does not preclude revocation of a trade mark consisting of a fashion designer's surname where, in light of all the circumstances, its use leads the average consumer wrongly to believe that the designer took part in designing the products (<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:62024CJ0168\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CJEU, 18 December 2025, PMJC, C-168\/24<\/a>). Assessment of those circumstances is for the national court.<\/p><p>For the acquirer, the inventory checks the standing of the recorded assignor, the scope of the warranty provided in the deed and the conditions of use that could mislead the public. For the assignor, it identifies the clauses that govern future use of their name.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can our company name lead to the annulment of a trade mark filed after it?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, where it constitutes an earlier right and there is a risk of confusion. The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cthe owner of an earlier right may bring an action for nullity of the registered trade mark if there is a risk of confusion in the mind of the public, even where the owner of the contested trade mark holds a right older than that of the third party challenging it\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/659e41055537980008846f71\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 10 January 2024, No. 22-21.716<\/a>). The applicant's appeal was dismissed: the outcome is unfavourable to the applicant.<\/p><p>Time, however, works against the inactive owner. A person who has tolerated for five consecutive years the use of a later registered trade mark, knowing of that use, can no longer seek its nullity for the goods or services concerned, unless the filing was made in bad faith (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039377714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039377714\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 716-2-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation applied this time bar to the owner of a trade mark with a reputation, who \u201ccan no longer seek nullity of the later trade mark, nor oppose its use for the goods or services for which the later trade mark has been used\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/665fffbc2bde7b00080c313c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 5 June 2024, No. 23-15.380<\/a>), an outcome unfavourable to the owner.<\/p><p>The inventory therefore lists the company's unregistered signs, company name, trade name, shop sign, and monitors neighbouring filings, so as to act before that period expires.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who can renew a trade mark whose ownership is being claimed in court?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A trade mark is registered for ten years, renewable indefinitely (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-1 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Today, the renewal declaration comes from the owner recorded on the register or from an authorised person (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490690\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 712-24<\/a>), which creates a difficulty when ownership is disputed for several years. In a case decided under the rules prior to the Order of 13 November 2019 and the Decree of 9 December 2019, the Court of Cassation noted that \u201cthe time limits for declaring the renewal of a trade mark, provided for in Article R. 712-24, 1\u00b0, of the Intellectual Property Code, are open only to the owner recorded on the national trade mark register\u201d (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ef380d10fb86995ec6ea60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 October 2025, No. 24-10.651<\/a>).<\/p><p>The claimant had succeeded after more than thirteen years of proceedings, by which time the trade mark had expired. The commercial chamber held the loss of the claimant's right to be disproportionate and moved the starting point of the renewal period to the recordal of the transfer ordered by the court, before annulling the INPI's decision of inadmissibility.<\/p><p>This solution, given in the particular circumstances of the case, does not remove the need to monitor deadlines. Where a claim or an assignment is pending, the inventory notes the trade mark's expiry date, the person recorded and the entry of the action on the register. The firm can then arrange renewal by the recorded owner or provide, in the agreement with the opposing party, who renews and on whose behalf.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must licences and pledges appear on the map of rights?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, because they limit the unrestricted disposal of the title and condition legal actions. Rights in a trade mark may be licensed on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis and pledged (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381638\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381638\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-1 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>); rights in a patent may be the subject of licences of the same kind, evidenced in writing on pain of nullity (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-8<\/a>). These deeds must be recorded in the national register to be enforceable against third parties.<\/p><p>A licence also changes who may bring which actions. For a patent, the exclusive licensee may bring an infringement action, unless otherwise stipulated, provided the owner is informed beforehand; a non-exclusive licensee may do so only if the contract expressly allows it, and subject to the same prior notice (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891114\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 615-2<\/a>). For a trade mark, the licensee acts with the owner's consent, unless otherwise stipulated, and any party to the licence may intervene to obtain compensation for its own harm (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039378218\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039378218\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 716-4-2<\/a>).<\/p><p>The inventory therefore lists each licence, its term, territory, exclusivity, recordal date and the clause on actions. It also identifies jointly owned patents, whose statutory regime allows each co-owner to use the invention or grant a non-exclusive licence, subject to fair compensation of the co-owners who neither use it themselves nor have granted a licence; the draft non-exclusive licence must also be notified to the others together with an offer to sell the share at a fixed price, each of them being able to oppose it within three months by buying that share (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-29<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does the preliminary review of a portfolio of titles work?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The preliminary review offered on this page, at the fee of \u20ac80 incl. VAT, covers the documents you send: list of known titles, certificates, assignment or licence deeds, creation contracts and, if a transaction is being prepared, the draft deed or agreement. Reda Kohen reviews these documents and sends a first written analysis within 24 to 48 business hours.<\/p><p>For each title submitted, this analysis sets out the points to check or correct first: registered owner, unrecorded deeds, imminent deadline, scope to be confirmed, missing clause in a creation contract. It also flags creations in use that do not appear to be covered by any title and the questions that require an additional register extract.<\/p><p>The review does not replace the full inventory where the portfolio includes many titles, several countries or old contracts. It does, however, make it possible to gauge the scale of the work, to prioritise regularisations and to decide whether a recordal, an assignment or a renewal should be started without delay. Any follow-up is covered by a separate fee agreement, drawn up after this first reading.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 613-9  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">recordal of deeds in the National Patent Register<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 613-8  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">patent assignment and licence, writing required<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 613-22  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">forfeiture for non-payment of the annuity<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 612-16  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">application for restoration<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 611-7  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">employee inventions<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 712-1  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">acquisition and term of a trade mark<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381630\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381630\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 714-7  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">recordal in the National Trade Mark Register<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 714-5  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">revocation for lack of genuine use<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 712-6  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">claim to a trade mark filed in fraud<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279337\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279337\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 511-9  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">presumption in favour of the applicant for a design or model<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298710\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298710\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 513-3  of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">recordal in the National Designs Register<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441798\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441798\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1628 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">seller's warranty for personal acts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/intellectual-property-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Intellectual property<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/patent-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Patents<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/trademark-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Trade mark law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/industrial-design-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Designs and models<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/due-diligence-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Legal due diligence<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>Titles to be identified before a transaction? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the list of your patents, trade marks, designs and models, with the deeds through which they have moved: the firm checks the owner, the state of the registers and the upcoming deadlines.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why take stock of a company's patents, trade marks and designs?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because industrial property cannot be presumed from use. A company may have sold for years a product whose shape was never filed, use a trade mark registered in its founder's name, or operate a process patented by a dissolved subsidiary. The inventory consists in reconciling three sources: what the company uses, what the national registers show and what the contracts provide. These gaps have specific effects. Any act transferring a patent must be recorded on the register to be enforceable against third parties (Article L. 613-9 of the Intellectual Property Code), and the Court of Cassation refuses the acquirer's infringement action as long as that recordal is missing (Cass. com., 24 April 2024, No. 22-22.999). A trade mark not used for five years is exposed to revocation (Article L. 714-5), and a patent whose annuity is not paid lapses (Article L. 613-22). Finally, the inventory is also useful for transactions. Before a fundraising, a contribution or a sale, the investor or buyer asks for the list of titles and warranties. A map prepared in advance makes it possible to regularise recordals, correct owners and set warranties that match the real situation, rather than discovering the gaps during the negotiation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Our trade mark is registered in the founder's name: can the company rely on it?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ownership of a trade mark is acquired by registration (Article L. 712-1 of the Intellectual Property Code). If the certificate names the founder personally, the founder is the owner, even where the company alone has used the trade mark from the outset. The company then uses it only with the founder's authorisation, the existence and scope of which must be established, since it is the founder who can assign, license or pledge the trade mark. The fix is an assignment of the founder's rights to the company. The rights attached to a trade mark may be transferred in whole or in part (Article L. 714-1), and the transfer must be recorded in the National Trade Mark Register to be enforceable against third parties (Article L. 714-7). The deed states the price or that the transfer is made without payment, the trade marks concerned by their number and, where relevant, the fate of pending actions. This regularisation becomes urgent before an investor comes in or the shares are sold, which generally require an ownership warranty. It is also urgent before an action against a competitor. The commercial chamber holds that the owner recorded on the register is admissible to bring an infringement action, any discussion of the chain of rights being a matter for the examination of the merits (Cass. com., 23 September 2026, No. 24-20.689). The firm therefore first checks who appears on the register.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"We bought a patent: can we act against an infringer before recording the assignment?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The assignment deed, which must be in writing on pain of nullity (Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code), becomes enforceable against third parties only once it is recorded in the National Patent Register (Article L. 613-9). The Court of Cassation draws a clear procedural consequence: as long as the recordal has not been made, the acquirer is not admissible to bring an infringement action. That plea of inadmissibility can nevertheless be cured during the proceedings, and the commercial chamber quashed the judgment that then limited compensation to acts after the recordal. The recordal then opens a wider action than is commonly thought. In the same decision, the commercial chamber accepts that the successor in title, once recorded, may claim compensation for acts committed since the transfer and, \u201cif the deed transferring the rights so specifies, for the harm caused to them by acts committed before the transfer\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 24 April 2024, No. 22-22.999). The drafting of the deed therefore matters as much as its recordal. In practice, the firm checks the date of the deed, the signature of the recorded assignor, the precise description of the patent and of any foreign patents of the same family, then the recordal date. Where the infringer has already been identified, the recordal request preferably precedes the writ of summons, and the assignment deed expressly provides for the transfer of actions arising before the assignment. For designs and models, recordal in the national register likewise governs the enforceability of transfers (Article L. 513-3), but the applicant also benefits from a statutory presumption, set out in the next question.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"An agency designed our product: who owns the registered design?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Code sets a presumption in favour of the applicant: protection of a design or model is acquired by registration, and the person who filed the application is regarded as the beneficiary, unless proven otherwise (Article L. 511-9 of the Intellectual Property Code). If the company filed the design in its own name, it therefore has a solid basis to act against copies. The Court of Cassation has clarified the scope of this presumption. It quashed a judgment that denied the applicant the right to bring an infringement action on the ground that the assignment it relied on had not been published in the national register, recalling that \u201cThe presumption arising from this provision in favour of the applicant can be rebutted only where a claim of ownership of the design or model is made by the natural person or persons who created it\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 31 January 2024, No. 22-20.409). The risk therefore comes from the creator. The designer or agency that considers the filing to have been made in fraud of its rights may claim ownership in court, within five years of publication of the registration; if the applicant was acting in bad faith at the time of publication or acquisition, that five-year period runs only from the expiry of the protection (Article L. 511-10). The inventory looks for the service contract, checks that it contains a written assignment of rights in the creations delivered and, failing that, has an assignment signed before any sensitive use.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owns an invention developed by an employee?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article L. 611-7 of the Intellectual Property Code distinguishes according to the mission. Inventions made in the performance of a contract that includes an inventive mission corresponding to the employee's actual duties, or of studies and research explicitly entrusted to the employee, belong to the employer. The employee-inventor is then entitled to additional remuneration, the terms of which are set by the collective agreement, the company agreement or the contract. Other inventions belong to the employee, although the employer may in certain cases be awarded the title against a fair price. An invention made in the course of assigned duties becomes an asset of the employer, which may transfer it: \u201cNothing prevents the latter from assigning that right to a third party\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 5 January 2022, No. 19-22.030). The appeal to the Court of Cassation by the employee, who disputed the assignee's right, was dismissed. In that case, the invention had been classified as an invention made in the course of assigned duties, and the employer's intangible assets had then been sold; the assignee was able to rely on that classification against the employee who claimed the patent. The inventory must therefore follow the chain back to the original employer and check two points: the nature of the invention in light of the employee's actual duties, and the effective transfer of the right to the patent at each stage. The firm gathers the employment contract, the real description of duties, the invention disclosure and the acquisition deed, before any filing or assignment of the patent.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens if a patent annuity has not been paid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An owner who does not pay the annual fee within the prescribed period forfeits their rights; forfeiture takes effect on the date of the unpaid instalment and is recorded by a decision of the Director of the INPI, published and notified to the patentee (Article L. 613-22 of the Intellectual Property Code). Before it comes to that, an annuity unpaid on its due date can still validly be paid within a six-month grace period, with a surcharge (Article L. 612-19). After that grace period, the only remedy is an application for restoration, on narrow conditions. The applicant must show a legitimate excuse and submit the application to the Director General of the INPI within two months of the end of the impediment, and in any event within one year after the grace period expires; restoration also requires payment of the fees due within the regulatory period (Article L. 612-16). The Court of Cassation applies these time limits strictly. It held that \u201cnotification of the decision recording the forfeiture of a patent, whether made to the patentee or to its agent, ends the legitimate excuse\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 17 May 2023, No. 22-10.744), and dismissed the appeal of a patentee whose application was late. That decision is unfavourable to the owner: the default of its agent did not protect it. The inventory therefore notes each deadline, the agent responsible for payment and the address to which the INPI sends its decisions.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a trade mark we no longer use still be asserted against a competitor?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It remains on the register as long as revocation has not been ordered, but an action becomes fragile. An owner who, without proper reason, has not put the trade mark to genuine use for the goods or services designated, during an uninterrupted period of five years, is liable to revocation of their rights (Article L. 714-5 of the Intellectual Property Code). The provision treats as use any use made with the owner's consent, in particular by a licensee. Revocation is assessed product by product. Where a broad specification is used for only some of the goods, the commercial chamber states that \u201cthe court must examine whether the category covered by the registration of the trade mark can be divided, objectively and non-arbitrarily, into autonomous and coherent sub-categories\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 14 May 2025, No. 23-21.296). The owner may thus keep the sub-category in use and lose the rest. The inventory therefore sorts evidence of use by trade mark, by product and by year: invoices, catalogues, advertisements, dated website captures. When a trade mark is no longer used, it is better to know before asserting it: at the defendant's request, the infringement action is inadmissible if the owner does not prove genuine use during the five years preceding the claim, for the goods relied on, or proper reasons for non-use (Article L. 716-4-3). For the future, the firm can propose a genuine resumption of use, a narrowing of the specification or a more targeted filing; use resumed in the three months preceding an application for revocation, after the owner has learned that it might be made, does not prevent it (Article L. 716-3), and a new filing counts only from its own date.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can we recover a trade mark filed by a third party who knew about our business?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Through an ownership claim. If registration was applied for in fraud of a third party's rights or in breach of a legal or contractual obligation, the person who considers that they have a right in the trade mark may claim ownership in court (Article L. 712-6 of the Intellectual Property Code). Unless the applicant acted in bad faith, the action is subject to a limitation period of five years from publication of the registration application. Bad faith therefore removes the limitation period, and the courts must examine it concretely. The Court of Cassation quashed a judgment that had held, in order to dismiss the fraud, that \u201cthe desire to protect one's surname, when it is used in the course of business, is in itself a legitimate aim\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 24-14.355). It held those grounds unsuitable for ruling out bad faith where the applicant knew the sign was already in use by a third-party company, and quashed for lack of legal basis. Knowledge of prior use is thus one indication of bad faith among others, established by dated documents: business relations, contracts, emails, joint attendance at a trade fair. The inventory makes it possible to spot such competing filings early, before the five-year period runs out, and to check that an ownership claim is the right route, rather than an action for nullity based on an earlier right.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the seller of a trade mark later challenge its validity?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In principle, no. The seller remains bound by the warranty arising from a personal act, and any contrary agreement is void (Article 1628 of the French Civil Code). The commercial chamber recalls that \u201cthe assignor of rights in a trade mark is bound in the terms of Article 1628 of the Civil Code\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 28 February 2024, No. 22-23.833), so that the assignor cannot seek revocation of the assigned trade mark for deceptiveness, a claim aimed at evicting the acquirer. The same decision reserves an exception: \u201cthe warranty in favour of the assignee ceases when the eviction is due to the assignee's own fault\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 28 February 2024, No. 22-23.833). The assignor can therefore act if relying on wrongful facts occurring after the assignment and attributable to the acquirer. On that point, the Court of Cassation rejected the first ground and referred a question for a preliminary ruling to the Court of Justice of the European Union on the revocation of a trade mark consisting of a designer's name. The decision therefore did not settle that second question. The Court of Justice answered it on 18 December 2025: EU law does not preclude revocation of a trade mark consisting of a fashion designer's surname where, in light of all the circumstances, its use leads the average consumer wrongly to believe that the designer took part in designing the products (CJEU, 18 December 2025, PMJC, C-168\/24). Assessment of those circumstances is for the national court. For the acquirer, the inventory checks the standing of the recorded assignor, the scope of the warranty provided in the deed and the conditions of use that could mislead the public. For the assignor, it identifies the clauses that govern future use of their name.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can our company name lead to the annulment of a trade mark filed after it?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, where it constitutes an earlier right and there is a risk of confusion. The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cthe owner of an earlier right may bring an action for nullity of the registered trade mark if there is a risk of confusion in the mind of the public, even where the owner of the contested trade mark holds a right older than that of the third party challenging it\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 10 January 2024, No. 22-21.716). The applicant's appeal was dismissed: the outcome is unfavourable to the applicant. Time, however, works against the inactive owner. A person who has tolerated for five consecutive years the use of a later registered trade mark, knowing of that use, can no longer seek its nullity for the goods or services concerned, unless the filing was made in bad faith (Article L. 716-2-8 of the Intellectual Property Code). The Court of Cassation applied this time bar to the owner of a trade mark with a reputation, who \u201ccan no longer seek nullity of the later trade mark, nor oppose its use for the goods or services for which the later trade mark has been used\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 5 June 2024, No. 23-15.380), an outcome unfavourable to the owner. The inventory therefore lists the company's unregistered signs, company name, trade name, shop sign, and monitors neighbouring filings, so as to act before that period expires.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who can renew a trade mark whose ownership is being claimed in court?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A trade mark is registered for ten years, renewable indefinitely (Article L. 712-1 of the Intellectual Property Code). Today, the renewal declaration comes from the owner recorded on the register or from an authorised person (Article R. 712-24), which creates a difficulty when ownership is disputed for several years. In a case decided under the rules prior to the Order of 13 November 2019 and the Decree of 9 December 2019, the Court of Cassation noted that \u201cthe time limits for declaring the renewal of a trade mark, provided for in Article R. 712-24, 1\u00b0, of the Intellectual Property Code, are open only to the owner recorded on the national trade mark register\u201d (our translation) (Cass. com., 15 October 2025, No. 24-10.651). The claimant had succeeded after more than thirteen years of proceedings, by which time the trade mark had expired. The commercial chamber held the loss of the claimant's right to be disproportionate and moved the starting point of the renewal period to the recordal of the transfer ordered by the court, before annulling the INPI's decision of inadmissibility. This solution, given in the particular circumstances of the case, does not remove the need to monitor deadlines. Where a claim or an assignment is pending, the inventory notes the trade mark's expiry date, the person recorded and the entry of the action on the register. The firm can then arrange renewal by the recorded owner or provide, in the agreement with the opposing party, who renews and on whose behalf.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must licences and pledges appear on the map of rights?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, because they limit the unrestricted disposal of the title and condition legal actions. Rights in a trade mark may be licensed on an exclusive or non-exclusive basis and pledged (Article L. 714-1 of the Intellectual Property Code); rights in a patent may be the subject of licences of the same kind, evidenced in writing on pain of nullity (Article L. 613-8). These deeds must be recorded in the national register to be enforceable against third parties. A licence also changes who may bring which actions. For a patent, the exclusive licensee may bring an infringement action, unless otherwise stipulated, provided the owner is informed beforehand; a non-exclusive licensee may do so only if the contract expressly allows it, and subject to the same prior notice (Article L. 615-2). For a trade mark, the licensee acts with the owner's consent, unless otherwise stipulated, and any party to the licence may intervene to obtain compensation for its own harm (Article L. 716-4-2). The inventory therefore lists each licence, its term, territory, exclusivity, recordal date and the clause on actions. It also identifies jointly owned patents, whose statutory regime allows each co-owner to use the invention or grant a non-exclusive licence, subject to fair compensation of the co-owners who neither use it themselves nor have granted a licence; the draft non-exclusive licence must also be notified to the others together with an offer to sell the share at a fixed price, each of them being able to oppose it within three months by buying that share (Article L. 613-29).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does the preliminary review of a portfolio of titles work?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The preliminary review offered on this page, at the fee of \u20ac80 incl. VAT, covers the documents you send: list of known titles, certificates, assignment or licence deeds, creation contracts and, if a transaction is being prepared, the draft deed or agreement. Reda Kohen reviews these documents and sends a first written analysis within 24 to 48 business hours. For each title submitted, this analysis sets out the points to check or correct first: registered owner, unrecorded deeds, imminent deadline, scope to be confirmed, missing clause in a creation contract. It also flags creations in use that do not appear to be covered by any title and the questions that require an additional register extract. The review does not replace the full inventory where the portfolio includes many titles, several countries or old contracts. It does, however, make it possible to gauge the scale of the work, to prioritise regularisations and to decide whether a recordal, an assignment or a renewal should be started without delay. 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.elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 .elementor-heading-title {\n    line-height: 1.3 !important;\n    font-size: 0.85em !important;\n  }\n}\n@media (min-width: 1201px) {\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n    font-size: 0.95em;\n  }\n  \n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 h1,\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 h2,\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 h3,\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 h4,\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 h5,\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 h6,\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 .elementor-heading-title {\n    line-height: 1.35 !important;\n    font-size: 0.9em !important;\n  }\n}\n\/* M\u00e9dia queries pour le texte normal *\/\n@media (max-width: 768px) {\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n    line-height: 1.6;\n  }\n}\n@media (min-width: 769px) and (max-width: 1200px) {\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n    line-height: 1.65;\n  }\n}\n@media (min-width: 1201px) {\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n    line-height: 1.75;\n  }\n}\n\/* Filtre noir semi-transparent - \u00c9tat initial visible, maintenu au hover *\/\n\/* Z-INDEX 1 : au-dessus du flou mais en dessous du texte *\/\n.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836::before {\n  content: '';\n  position: absolute;\n  inset: 0;\n  background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.6);\n  backdrop-filter: blur(0px);\n  opacity: 1;\n  pointer-events: none;\n  z-index: 1;\n  transition: backdrop-filter 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1);\n  will-change: backdrop-filter;\n}\n\/* Brillance + flou - \u00c9tat initial invisible *\/\n\/* Z-INDEX 0 : en dessous de la teinte noire *\/\n.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836::after {\n  content: '';\n  position: absolute;\n  inset: 0;\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\n  box-shadow: \n    inset 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0),\n    inset -0.5px -0.5px 0.5px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0);\n  opacity: 0;\n  pointer-events: none;\n  z-index: 0;\n  transition: all 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1);\n}\n\/* ACTIVATION AU HOVER *\/\n.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:hover {\n  box-shadow: 0 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2), 0 0 20px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n  transform: translateY(-2px);\n}\n.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:hover::before {\n  backdrop-filter: blur(8px);\n}\n.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:hover::after {\n  background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.25);\n  box-shadow: \n    inset 0.5px 0.5px 0.5px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15),\n    inset -0.5px -0.5px 0.5px 0 rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.15);\n  opacity: 1;\n} \n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n    flex-shrink: 0 !important;\n    scroll-snap-align: start !important;\n    width: clamp(300px, 30vw, 400px) !important;\n    min-width: 300px !important;\n  }\n\n  @media (max-width: 767px) {\n    .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n      width: 350px !important;\n      min-width: 350px !important;\n      max-width: 350px !important;\n    }\n  }\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157105 post-2157105 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-business-france-vat-registration-fiscal-representative-challenge-abroad\/\">Your Foreign Business Owes French VAT Without a French Company: Registration, Fiscal Representative and How to Challenge the Bill From Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156579 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156579 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/viktor-forgacs-5j8nd3QpRbo-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156579 post-2156579 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-close-dissolution-liquidation-tax-radiation-abroad\/\">Closing Your French Company From Abroad: Voluntary Dissolution, Friendly Liquidation, Tax Clearance and Striking Off<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156527 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/mohamed-nohassi-vGTXy8FS7b0-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156527 post-2156527 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-subsidiary-insolvent-director-liability-45-days-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Goes Insolvent While You Live Abroad: 45-Day Filing, Director Liability and Sanctions Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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A company often uses more creations than it has protected, and sometimes holds fewer titles than it believes. As an industrial property lawyer in Paris, the firm maps your patents, trade marks, designs [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157176,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161323","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Industrial Property Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Industrial property lawyer Paris: Kohen Avocats maps your patents, trade marks and designs, checking owners, registers and deadlines. 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