{"id":2161285,"date":"2026-11-01T23:11:41","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161285"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:35:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:35:26","slug":"franchise-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/franchise-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Franchise lawyer in Paris: from disclosure document to exit"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161285\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161285 elementor-2160689\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-franchise-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Disclosure document, location, exclusivity zone, sale of the business and exit from the network<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Franchise<\/em> lawyer in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> from disclosure document to exit.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A franchise candidate commits their capital contribution, a commercial lease (bail commercial) and sometimes a personal guarantee on the strength of a pre-contractual disclosure document (document d'information pr\u00e9contractuelle, DIP) and a forecast. At Kohen Avocats, a franchise lawyer in Paris examines what the franchisor was required to disclose, what the chosen location is worth and the conditions under which the franchisee will one day be able to sell the business (fonds de commerce) or leave the brand.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">The franchisor must give the candidate a minimum of twenty days between delivery of the disclosure document, together with the draft contract, and signature or the first payment. Keep a record of each version received, of the forecasts and of the exchanges about the premises.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Franchise \u00b7 franchisee \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the DIP and its appendices, the draft contract, the forecast, the market study, the lease or the offer of premises and your exchanges with the network: the firm checks what is missing and what binds you.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. Your data is used only to process your request. <a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\">Privacy policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/form>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-press knp\">\n<style>\n    .kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:132s}@media (max-width:600px){.kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:96s}}\n    .knp .knp__piste:hover ul.knp__ruban,.knp.knp--ouvert ul.knp__ruban{animation-play-state:paused}\n    .knp .knp__piste:has(button:focus-visible) ul.knp__ruban{animation:none}\n    .knp button.knp__logo{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:100%;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .2s ease}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:hover{transform:scale(1.05)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:active{transform:scale(.97)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:focus-visible{outline:2px solid 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r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">Watch the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n        <div class=\"knp__piste\"><ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse ?\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/produits-android\/maison-connectee\/climatiseur\/3196305_goutte-a-goutte-et-inondation-que-faire-quand-la-climatisation-du-voisin-ruine-votre-terrasse\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 la grille de lecture juridique publi\u00e9e par le cabinet sur les condensats de climatisation en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"magicmaman\":{\"nom\":\"Magicmaman\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Vous vivez en immeuble et vous n\u2019avez toujours pas de chauffage cet automne ? Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Franchise lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Franchisee: <em>the document, the premises, the exit<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Business law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>franchise lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Business law<\/li><li>Franchise and distribution networks<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, avocat at the Paris Bar, advises and defends franchisees and candidates joining a network, from the first document received to leaving the brand.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">A franchise is often decided on three documents: the pre-contractual disclosure document, the forecast for the outlet and the offer of premises. The firm reads them together, because an announced turnover only makes sense in light of the precise location, the territory granted and the rent that will have to be paid.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The review then covers the life of the contract and its end: territorial exclusivity, approval of a buyer when the business is sold, the common expiry date of the contracts linked to the shop and clauses that purport to restrict activity after departure. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 341-2 of the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce)<\/a> strictly regulates the latter in retail trade.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Reading the DIP as evidence<\/h3><p>Each item required by Article R. 330-1 of the French Commercial Code is checked against the facts: exits from the network, the local state of the market, outlets already present in the zone.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Tying the figure to the premises<\/h3><p>A forecast is judged on its method and on the location to which it applies, not only on the gap observed after the shop opens.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Preparing the exit from the outset<\/h3><p>Approval of the buyer, duration, common expiry date and post-contractual clauses determine the real value of the business that the franchisee will be able to sell.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Information, consent, exclusivity: <em>the rules that protect the franchisee<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Five rules govern the analysis of a franchisee's file, before and after signature.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>A network that entrusts its brand or sign in exchange for exclusivity must provide sincere information in a document handed over, with the draft contract, at least twenty days before commitment (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 330-3 of the French Commercial Code<\/a>). Its content is set by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 330-1 of the French Commercial Code<\/a>: the general and local state of the market, the list of operators, the number of businesses that left the network in the previous year, and outlets already present in the area of operation.<\/li>\n  <li>A gap in the document does not, on its own, annul the contract: the Versailles Court of Appeal recalls that such a failing \"only results in the nullity of the franchise contract if it had the effect of vitiating the franchisee's consent\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6516716b788aac83189eac36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12e ch., 28 September 2023, No. 21\/00561<\/a>). The franchisee must therefore establish a mistake or fraudulent misrepresentation (dol) within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040901\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040901\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Articles 1130<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829827\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">1137 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a>.<\/li>\n  <li>Where omissions are intentional and concern the health of the network, the Court of Cassation requires the consequences to be drawn: it set aside a judgment that refused nullity although the concealed information, notably exits from the network, was such as to deter the franchisee from contracting (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6297029965ec7ea9d4f0dcdc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 June 2022, No. 21-16.481<\/a>). The same decision recalls that the forecast accounts provided must be sound.<\/li>\n  <li>The exclusivity zone is a contractual commitment whose scope is read from the contract. The Paris Court of Appeal ordered termination at the franchisor's fault where it had granted another shop of the brand a territory encroaching on that of the complaining operator (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65bb48cc1712fc000885e9a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 31 January 2024, No. 22\/05121<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>In retail trade, contracts concluded with the network for the operation of a single shop and containing clauses that limit the operator's commercial freedom must provide for a common expiry date, the statutory commercial lease, the association contract and company contracts being excluded (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984809\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 341-1 of the French Commercial Code<\/a>), and any clause that restrains the former operator's activity falls, unless the network proves that four cumulative conditions are met (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 341-2<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The date the DIP was delivered, the version of the forecast and the exchanges about the premises are far more easily shown by dated writings. A franchisee who signs without keeping these documents deprives themselves of most of their case.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>Documents to gather according to <em>your situation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The same network produces very different files depending on whether the contract is yet to be signed or the exit is being prepared.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are a franchise candidate<\/p><ul><li>Dated DIP with all its appendices, the franchisor's accounts and the list of network members<\/li><li>Draft contract, zone reservation contract and proof of any sum already paid<\/li><li>Forecast supplied by the network, market study, financing plan and replies from banks<\/li><li>Offer of premises, draft lease, site plans and exchanges about the choice of location<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are operating and preparing to exit<\/p><ul><li>Franchise contract, amendments, contracts linked to the shop and the current commercial lease<\/li><li>Annual accounts and actual figures compared with the initial forecast, month by month if possible<\/li><li>Letters about the exclusivity zone, neighbouring openings, the website or the breaches alleged<\/li><li>Draft sale, the franchisor's letter of approval or refusal and the buyer's offer<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not serve notice of termination, change brand or sell the business before checking the expiry date of the linked contracts, the approval clause and the clauses that apply after departure.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Commercial leases<\/li><li>Sale of a business<\/li><li>Commercial contracts<\/li><li>Insolvency proceedings<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>acts for the franchisee<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Reading the commitments in the order in which they will take effect: information, premises, operation, departure.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reconstructing the pre-contractual timeline<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Dates of delivery of the DIP and the draft contract, successive versions of the forecast, payment of a zone reservation: the firm checks that the twenty-day period was observed and what each document said on the day of signature.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Checking the DIP against the real network<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The items required by Article R. 330-1 are compared with public information and with operators' accounts: exits from the network, recent openings, the local state of the market around the chosen address.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Testing the premises and the zone<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The forecast is set against the location, the rent and the zone granted. The firm looks into who chose the site, on what data, and what the contract actually promises on exclusivity.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Organising the exit or the action<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Depending on the file: negotiating an amicable exit, applying for approval of a buyer, an action for nullity or for liability, or defending against termination and post-contractual clauses.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A gap between forecast and actual turnover is not enough. The case rests on the franchisor's method, the information it held and what the franchisee could verify for themselves.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>A franchisee's path <em>from entry to departure<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each stage leaves documents that will be useful later, when selling or challenging.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Receipt of the DIP<\/p><p><strong>At least twenty days before signing.<\/strong> Date the delivery, keep the complete document and its appendices, and note any empty items or items deferred to later.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Choice of premises<\/p><p>Keep the studies, visits, plans and messages showing who proposed, approved or rejected each location.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Signing the contracts<\/p><p>Franchise contract, contracts linked to the shop, commercial lease and guarantees: note their durations and expiry dates.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Operation<\/p><p>Track actual turnover against the forecast and document any encroachment on the zone, whether by a neighbouring opening or by the network's website.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Sale or end of the contract<\/p><p>Apply for approval of the buyer in the form provided for, or prepare the exit in light of the expiry date and the post-contractual clauses.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Possible challenge<\/p><p>Action for nullity, termination or liability within the five-year period of Article 2224 of the French Civil Code, which, for nullity, runs from discovery of the mistake or fraudulent misrepresentation (Article 1144).<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before any step<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A franchisee's case is often won or lost on documents gathered before signature.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Delivery period: an interval of at least twenty days between receipt of the DIP and the draft contract, on the one hand, and signature or payment of a reservation, on the other.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Content of the DIP: local state of the market, exits from the network in the previous year, outlets already present in the zone, expenditure specific to the brand.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Forecast: author, method, comparison data and fit with the location actually operated.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Exclusivity: area of operation or customer base, the place of the network's website, prohibition of active solicitation by other franchisees.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Exit: clause approving the buyer, common expiry date of the linked contracts, non-competition and non-re-affiliation after departure.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Six situations common among franchisees, and the priority for each.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>DIP incomplete on the local market<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Dated document, empty or generic appendices, exchanges showing what the franchisor knew about the zone.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Five years: from discovery of the fraudulent misrepresentation or mistake for nullity, from knowledge of the facts for liability.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Establish the effect of the gap on consent, then seek nullity or compensation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Turnover far below the forecast<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> The network's forecast, actual accounts, method of calculation and comparison data used.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Gather the accounts from the first full financial year.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Show that the forecast lacked a sound basis, not merely the gap observed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Location unsuited to the concept<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Exchanges on the choice of site, the network's role with the landlord, plans and findings on visibility.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Preserve the evidence before any move or closure.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Look for fault in the support given and quantify the loss of a chance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Opening or poaching within the zone<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Contract, plan of the zone, proof of active solicitation or of a competing outlet of the brand.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> React in writing as soon as the first breach is noticed.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice, then termination or damages depending on seriousness.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Sale of the business blocked<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Approval clause, complete request sent in the required form, letter of refusal and its reasons.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Comply with the notification periods provided for in the contract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Challenge a refusal not justified by the network's legitimate interests.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Non-competition clause after departure<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Wording of the clause, duration, scope, know-how actually transferred, contracts linked to the shop.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Analyse the clause before the end of the contract or before any new brand.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Have it established that it is deemed unwritten or void, or limit its scope.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>franchise and franchisees<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Which documents should be reviewed before signing a franchise contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Three sets deserve a cross-reading: the pre-contractual disclosure document and its appendices, the draft contract with the contracts linked to the shop, then the forecast and the offer of premises. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 330-3 of the French Commercial Code<\/a> requires the disclosure document and the draft contract to be provided at least twenty days before signature or, where applicable, before payment of a sum demanded to reserve a zone. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 330-1<\/a> details the expected content, notably the general and local state of the market and the presentation of the network. The firm first checks the dates, then the consistency between the items. An announced turnover is compared with the planned rent, the surface area, the zone granted and the results of other operators. Personal guarantees, supply commitments and the duration of the linked contracts are also part of the review, because they determine what the franchisee risks in the event of failure. This preliminary reading makes it possible to negotiate a clause, request missing information or withdraw before the capital contribution has been committed and the lease signed.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The DIP does not present the local market for my location: is the contract void?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not automatically. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 330-1 of the French Commercial Code<\/a> requires a presentation of the general and local state of the market, but nullity requires that the failing vitiated consent. The Versailles Court of Appeal puts it this way: such a failing \"only results in the nullity of the franchise contract if it had the effect of vitiating the franchisee's consent\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6516716b788aac83189eac36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12e ch., 28 September 2023, No. 21\/00561<\/a>). In that case, the appendix intended for the local market study had been left empty and the franchisor had kept silent about the competitive difficulties of its network; the court annulled the contract for fraudulent misrepresentation and ordered repayment of the entry fee, without awarding damages. The case therefore rests on three points: what was missing, what the franchisor knew, and what the franchisee genuinely did not know. The candidate's experience in the sector and their own studies can weaken the argument. The firm reconstructs these elements before choosing between an action for nullity, a claim for compensation or a negotiated exit.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The DIP is silent on franchisees who left the network: what are the consequences?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The number of businesses that left the network in the year preceding the year the document was delivered is one of the mandatory items, the document stating whether the contract expired, was terminated or was annulled (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 330-1, 5\u00b0 c, of the French Commercial Code<\/a>). This information speaks directly to the health of the brand. The Court of Cassation set aside a judgment that had refused to annul a contract although the judges had themselves noted the franchisor's intention to conceal matters revealing the seriousness of the risks of failure; it held that it followed that this information was such as to deter the franchisee from contracting (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6297029965ec7ea9d4f0dcdc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 June 2022, No. 21-16.481<\/a>). The omission then becomes fraudulent misrepresentation within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829827\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1137 of the French Civil Code<\/a>, which covers the intentional concealment of decisive information. The firm checks the list of operators provided, cross-checks it against public registers and recorded closures, then assesses whether the missing information would have changed the decision to join the network.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>My turnover is far below the forecast prepared for my premises: what can I hold against the franchisor?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The franchisor is not obliged to provide a forecast, but the one it supplies must be sincere: the Court of Cassation reads Article L. 330-3 with this qualification, \"the forecast accounts that may be provided having to be serious in nature\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6297029965ec7ea9d4f0dcdc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 June 2022, No. 21-16.481<\/a>). The gap alone is not enough. For a shop opened in a shopping centre under construction, the Paris Court of Appeal held that this gap \"does not in itself constitute proof of a lack of seriousness or of unrealism in the forecast\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/628f1979ac8a8451aa1cdc30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 25 May 2022, No. 20\/00505<\/a>). The reasoning therefore turns on method: comparison data, surface area, catchment area, rent and the assumptions used. Who produced the figure also matters. In another case, unfavourable to the franchisee, the same court noted that the candidate had had her own forecast statement prepared by her chartered accountant and had visited the shopping gallery; it rejected all her claims (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62b4061aab84a078c04ecf8b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 22 June 2022, No. 20\/12547<\/a>). The firm reconstructs the origin of each version of the forecast before characterising a mistake, fraudulent misrepresentation or fault.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The franchisor helped me choose the premises: is it liable for a poor location?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It can be, without the contract necessarily being annulled. In a case decided by the Paris Court of Appeal, the head of the network had assisted the operators in choosing premises on the lower level of a shopping centre, with little visibility and surrounded by brands unrelated to the targeted clientele. The court refused nullity, finding that the operators had sufficient information and a long time to reflect. It nevertheless held that the head of the network \"misjudged the real potential of this location in view of the forecast turnover\" (our translation) and ordered it to pay \u20ac40,000 to each of the two spouses for the loss of a chance of making better use of their funds (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/628f1979ac8a8451aa1cdc30\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 25 May 2022, No. 20\/00505<\/a>). The useful evidence concerns the network's concrete role: contact with the landlord, author of the studies, approval of the site in committee. The firm gathers the exchanges, the marketing plans presented before signature and the actual state of the site after opening, to distinguish an accepted commercial risk from an error of judgement attributable to the franchisor.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>I have not yet found premises after signing: what are the risks?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Depending on its wording, the contract may make certain obligations payable from signature, before any opening of the shop. In a case where the franchisee had not found premises, the Paris Court of Appeal found no breach by the franchisor, which had provided the initial training, \"installation assistance not being possible in the absence of chosen premises\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/672ca83e660489ed11980eef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 6 November 2024, No. 22\/19164<\/a>). It then upheld termination at the franchisee's fault, the franchisee not having paid the initial fee despite several reminders, and ordered the franchisee to pay it, given the clause making it payable from signature, the territorial exclusivity conferred, the training provided and effective access to the know-how (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/672ca83e660489ed11980eef\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 6 November 2024, No. 22\/19164<\/a>). The award of damages was only reduced, from \u20ac42,000 to \u20ac9,000. This decision, unfavourable to the franchisee, shows the value of linking, from the negotiation stage, the entry into force of the financial obligations to signature of the lease, or of providing for a condition precedent. The firm also examines sums paid to reserve a zone: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 330-3<\/a> requires that what they secure in return and the fate of the sum in the event of withdrawal be set out in writing.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What exactly does my exclusivity zone protect?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Everything depends on the wording. An exclusivity of location prevents the franchisor from setting up another outlet of the brand in the zone; it does not necessarily reserve all the customers in the area. The Paris Court of Appeal held that a franchisee holding a contractual territory \"should only be able to count on the absence of active solicitation to capture customers by the other franchisees of the network in that same territory\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6788a225b815c30a4df70b08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 January 2025, No. 23\/05877<\/a>). In the absence of proof of such solicitation, the court set aside the order against the franchisor to pay \u20ac91,075 made at first instance: a decision unfavourable to the franchisee. Conversely, where the contract grants an exclusive right to use the brand in a zone defined by a plan, granting a territory that encroaches on that zone is a serious fault; the same court ordered termination at the franchisor's fault, noting that it had set two shops of the brand in competition in the same geographical zone (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65bb48cc1712fc000885e9a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 31 January 2024, No. 22\/05121<\/a>). The firm therefore reads the contract clause, its map appendices and what the entry fee secures in return before alleging a breach.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The network's website directs my customers to another franchisee: does this infringe my exclusivity?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The answer depends on what the contract promises regarding the internet. In the case decided on 15 January 2025 by the Paris Court of Appeal, the contract required the franchisor to state the address of the franchisee's centre on the network's website, and the franchisor did not dispute having altered the geolocation for several months so as to direct customers to the centre closest to their home, regardless of the areas of operation. The court nevertheless recalled that the exclusivity granted concerned location and dismissed the claim for lack of proof of active solicitation by another franchisee, noting that the franchisee \"should only be able to count on the absence of active solicitation to capture customers\" (our translation) in its territory (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6788a225b815c30a4df70b08\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 January 2025, No. 23\/05877<\/a>). The evidence must therefore be built: dated screenshots of the site, a mystery customer's journey, figures by municipality, emails from redirected prospects. The firm also checks whether the contract contains a clause specific to the internet, which may support a claim separate from the one based on territorial exclusivity.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>I am selling my business: can the franchisor refuse my buyer?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, if the contract provides for approval, but this right has limits. The Montpellier Court of Appeal recalls that the franchise contract does not automatically follow the business, \"the franchise contract not being an element of the business, unlike the commercial lease\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/681aedf9cb8879064b78e2ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Montpellier, ch. com., 6 May 2025, No. 23\/05066<\/a>). It adds that \"this right of approval of the franchisor is limited by any abuse that might be made of it\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/681aedf9cb8879064b78e2ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Montpellier, ch. com., 6 May 2025, No. 23\/05066<\/a>); in that case, unfavourable to the seller, the refusal was based on a price inconsistent with the results and on the investment needed to bring the premises into line with the concept, and it was held to be legitimate. The Versailles Court of Appeal ruled the other way in a case on approval of a new corporate officer, treated by the contract as a change of control: a few old and minor failings, an isolated hygiene incident and unproven complaints did not justify the refusal, because this right \"must be justified by imperatives relating to the safeguarding of its legitimate commercial interests\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/627df98d0d41e0057d43e7e4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12e ch., 12 May 2022, No. 20\/05822<\/a>). Termination was found to be at the franchisor's fault. The firm therefore prepares a complete request, within the contractual time limits, with the buyer's financial supporting documents, so that only the grounds stated in the refusal can be argued.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does my commercial lease follow the fate of the franchise contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>These are two separate contracts. The lease belongs to the franchisee's business and is transferred with it: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 145-16 of the French Commercial Code<\/a> deems unwritten any clause that would prohibit the tenant from assigning the lease to the buyer of its business. The franchise contract, for its part, remains subject to its own assignment and approval clauses (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/681aedf9cb8879064b78e2ca\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Montpellier, ch. com., 6 May 2025, No. 23\/05066<\/a>). In retail trade, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984809\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 341-1<\/a> requires a common expiry date for all contracts concluded with the network for the operation of a single shop, and termination of one amounts to termination of the others; this provision, however, excludes from its scope the commercial lease whose duration is governed by statute. In practice, the end of the franchise does not bring down the lease, but it may leave the franchisee holding premises that can no longer be operated under the brand, with clauses that limit their activity. The firm examines together the duration of the lease, the expiry date of the franchise and the supply or management-lease contracts attached to it, before any decision to leave.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>After I leave the network, can I continue an activity in the same premises?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Often yes, because the law strongly limits post-contractual clauses in retail trade, subject to the date of the contract. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 341-2 of the French Commercial Code<\/a> deems unwritten any clause that restricts the former operator's activity, unless the party relying on it proves four conditions: competing goods or services, limitation to the land and premises operated, being indispensable to protecting the substantial, specific and secret know-how transferred under the contract, and a duration limited to one year. In a convenience-store case, the Court of Cassation dismissed the appeal against an urgent-application judgment which had held that a five-year clause within a five-kilometre radius could not be regarded as lawful with the clarity required, because it \"was not limited to the land and premises from which the operator carried on its activity during the term of the contract and exceeded one year after termination of the contract\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6644506fb94eb60008b3d0f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 May 2024, No. 23-10.696<\/a>). The burden of proof lies on the network. This provision, applicable since 6 August 2016, is not applied to all older clauses: the Paris Court of Appeal disapplied it for a contract signed in 2014 and reviewed the clause against the case-law requirement of proportionality (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6645a37698cdd000080653d2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 May 2024, No. 22\/06182<\/a>). The firm checks that the contract falls within the scope of the provision, analyses the know-how actually transferred and, where appropriate, prepares the change of brand without reusing the network's signs.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the franchisor prohibit me from selling online or buying from other franchisees?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>These prohibitions fall under competition law and must be justified. The Paris Court of Appeal upheld a franchise contract in the dietary advice sector, holding that the exclusive supply obligation was indispensable to the network's identity. It did, however, annul, on the basis of the rules prohibiting anti-competitive agreements, the prohibition on selling the products on the internet and the prohibition on buying and reselling between franchisees, then, for disproportion in light of the franchisor's legitimate interests, the post-contractual non-competition clause extended to the whole of France; the contract was not void, \"but only the clauses prohibiting sale of the products on the internet and between franchisees as well as the post-contractual non-competition clause\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6645a37698cdd000080653d2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 May 2024, No. 22\/06182<\/a>). The court noted that the franchisor did not explain why resale between franchisees applying the same know-how should be prohibited. The firm tests each restriction against its concrete justification: nature of the products, health or regulatory requirements, real protection of the know-how. An annulled clause may release the franchisee both during performance and after exit.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the entry fee refunded if the contract is annulled?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Annulment erases the contract retroactively and requires each party to return what it received (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041243\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041243\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1178 of the French Civil Code<\/a>). In the Speed Rabbit Pizza case decided by the Versailles Court of Appeal, nullity for fraudulent misrepresentation led to repayment of the \u20ac15,000 paid as entry fee, with interest, and to annulment of the manager's personal guarantee (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6516716b788aac83189eac36\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12e ch., 28 September 2023, No. 21\/00561<\/a>). The same decision, however, refused the damages claimed: repayment does not automatically cover operating losses. Nor is every nullity assured. The Court of Cassation dismissed the appeal brought by spouses and by the liquidator of their franchisee company, leaving to the lower courts the assessment that \"the franchisor's breach of its pre-contractual duty of information had not vitiated consent\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a859a34195da062e02f41f0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 18 February 2026, No. 24-21.399<\/a>). This unfavourable decision recalls that an established breach may have no effect on validity. The five-year period of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2224 of the French Civil Code<\/a> runs, for an action for nullity based on mistake or fraudulent misrepresentation, only from the day they were discovered (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040957\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1144 of the French Civil Code<\/a>); for an action in liability, it starts from the day the franchisee knew or ought to have known the facts enabling them to act. Before acting, the firm therefore assesses what can be recovered and what will have to be proved in liability.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006231936\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 330-3 of the French Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">pre-contractual information and the twenty-day period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048909604\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 330-1 of the French Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">content of the disclosure document<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984809\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984809\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 341-1 of the French Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">common expiry date of the contracts linked to the shop<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030984811\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 341-2 of the French Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">post-contractual clauses in retail trade<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047591361\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 145-16 of the French Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">assignment of the lease with the business<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007138\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032007138\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1112-1 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">general duty of information<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040846\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040846\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1132 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">mistake as to essential qualities<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829827\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829827\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1137 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">fraudulent misrepresentation and intentional concealment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040957\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040957\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1144 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">starting point of the time limit for an action for nullity for mistake or fraudulent misrepresentation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041243\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041243\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1178 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">effects of nullity and restitution<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1224 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">termination for sufficiently serious non-performance<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 2224 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">five-year limitation period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Business law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/distribution-agreement-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Distribution agreements<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/commercial-lease-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial lease<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/fonds-de-commerce-sale-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Sale of a business<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/insolvency-proceedings-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Insolvency proceedings<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A disclosure document to check, premises to validate, an exit to prepare? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the disclosure document, the contract, the forecast and the documents on the premises: the firm identifies what binds the franchisee and the appropriate response.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which documents should be reviewed before signing a franchise contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Three sets deserve a cross-reading: the pre-contractual disclosure document and its appendices, the draft contract with the contracts linked to the shop, then the forecast and the offer of premises. Article L. 330-3 of the French Commercial Code requires the disclosure document and the draft contract to be provided at least twenty days before signature or, where applicable, before payment of a sum demanded to reserve a zone. Article R. 330-1 details the expected content, notably the general and local state of the market and the presentation of the network. The firm first checks the dates, then the consistency between the items. An announced turnover is compared with the planned rent, the surface area, the zone granted and the results of other operators. Personal guarantees, supply commitments and the duration of the linked contracts are also part of the review, because they determine what the franchisee risks in the event of failure. This preliminary reading makes it possible to negotiate a clause, request missing information or withdraw before the capital contribution has been committed and the lease signed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The DIP does not present the local market for my location: is the contract void?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not automatically. Article R. 330-1 of the French Commercial Code requires a presentation of the general and local state of the market, but nullity requires that the failing vitiated consent. The Versailles Court of Appeal puts it this way: such a failing \\\"only results in the nullity of the franchise contract if it had the effect of vitiating the franchisee's consent\\\" (our translation) ( CA Versailles, 12e ch., 28 September 2023, No. 21\/00561 ). In that case, the appendix intended for the local market study had been left empty and the franchisor had kept silent about the competitive difficulties of its network; the court annulled the contract for fraudulent misrepresentation and ordered repayment of the entry fee, without awarding damages. The case therefore rests on three points: what was missing, what the franchisor knew, and what the franchisee genuinely did not know. The candidate's experience in the sector and their own studies can weaken the argument. The firm reconstructs these elements before choosing between an action for nullity, a claim for compensation or a negotiated exit.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The DIP is silent on franchisees who left the network: what are the consequences?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The number of businesses that left the network in the year preceding the year the document was delivered is one of the mandatory items, the document stating whether the contract expired, was terminated or was annulled ( Article R. 330-1, 5\u00b0 c, of the French Commercial Code ). This information speaks directly to the health of the brand. The Court of Cassation set aside a judgment that had refused to annul a contract although the judges had themselves noted the franchisor's intention to conceal matters revealing the seriousness of the risks of failure; it held that it followed that this information was such as to deter the franchisee from contracting ( Cass. com., 1 June 2022, No. 21-16.481 ). The omission then becomes fraudulent misrepresentation within the meaning of Article 1137 of the French Civil Code , which covers the intentional concealment of decisive information. The firm checks the list of operators provided, cross-checks it against public registers and recorded closures, then assesses whether the missing information would have changed the decision to join the network.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"My turnover is far below the forecast prepared for my premises: what can I hold against the franchisor?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The franchisor is not obliged to provide a forecast, but the one it supplies must be sincere: the Court of Cassation reads Article L. 330-3 with this qualification, \\\"the forecast accounts that may be provided having to be serious in nature\\\" (our translation) ( Cass. com., 1 June 2022, No. 21-16.481 ). The gap alone is not enough. For a shop opened in a shopping centre under construction, the Paris Court of Appeal held that this gap \\\"does not in itself constitute proof of a lack of seriousness or of unrealism in the forecast\\\" (our translation) ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 25 May 2022, No. 20\/00505 ). The reasoning therefore turns on method: comparison data, surface area, catchment area, rent and the assumptions used. Who produced the figure also matters. In another case, unfavourable to the franchisee, the same court noted that the candidate had had her own forecast statement prepared by her chartered accountant and had visited the shopping gallery; it rejected all her claims ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 22 June 2022, No. 20\/12547 ). The firm reconstructs the origin of each version of the forecast before characterising a mistake, fraudulent misrepresentation or fault.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The franchisor helped me choose the premises: is it liable for a poor location?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It can be, without the contract necessarily being annulled. In a case decided by the Paris Court of Appeal, the head of the network had assisted the operators in choosing premises on the lower level of a shopping centre, with little visibility and surrounded by brands unrelated to the targeted clientele. The court refused nullity, finding that the operators had sufficient information and a long time to reflect. It nevertheless held that the head of the network \\\"misjudged the real potential of this location in view of the forecast turnover\\\" (our translation) and ordered it to pay \u20ac40,000 to each of the two spouses for the loss of a chance of making better use of their funds ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 25 May 2022, No. 20\/00505 ). The useful evidence concerns the network's concrete role: contact with the landlord, author of the studies, approval of the site in committee. The firm gathers the exchanges, the marketing plans presented before signature and the actual state of the site after opening, to distinguish an accepted commercial risk from an error of judgement attributable to the franchisor.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"I have not yet found premises after signing: what are the risks?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Depending on its wording, the contract may make certain obligations payable from signature, before any opening of the shop. In a case where the franchisee had not found premises, the Paris Court of Appeal found no breach by the franchisor, which had provided the initial training, \\\"installation assistance not being possible in the absence of chosen premises\\\" (our translation) ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 6 November 2024, No. 22\/19164 ). It then upheld termination at the franchisee's fault, the franchisee not having paid the initial fee despite several reminders, and ordered the franchisee to pay it, given the clause making it payable from signature, the territorial exclusivity conferred, the training provided and effective access to the know-how ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 6 November 2024, No. 22\/19164 ). The award of damages was only reduced, from \u20ac42,000 to \u20ac9,000. This decision, unfavourable to the franchisee, shows the value of linking, from the negotiation stage, the entry into force of the financial obligations to signature of the lease, or of providing for a condition precedent. The firm also examines sums paid to reserve a zone: Article L. 330-3 requires that what they secure in return and the fate of the sum in the event of withdrawal be set out in writing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What exactly does my exclusivity zone protect?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Everything depends on the wording. An exclusivity of location prevents the franchisor from setting up another outlet of the brand in the zone; it does not necessarily reserve all the customers in the area. The Paris Court of Appeal held that a franchisee holding a contractual territory \\\"should only be able to count on the absence of active solicitation to capture customers by the other franchisees of the network in that same territory\\\" (our translation) ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 January 2025, No. 23\/05877 ). In the absence of proof of such solicitation, the court set aside the order against the franchisor to pay \u20ac91,075 made at first instance: a decision unfavourable to the franchisee. Conversely, where the contract grants an exclusive right to use the brand in a zone defined by a plan, granting a territory that encroaches on that zone is a serious fault; the same court ordered termination at the franchisor's fault, noting that it had set two shops of the brand in competition in the same geographical zone ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 31 January 2024, No. 22\/05121 ). The firm therefore reads the contract clause, its map appendices and what the entry fee secures in return before alleging a breach.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The network's website directs my customers to another franchisee: does this infringe my exclusivity?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The answer depends on what the contract promises regarding the internet. In the case decided on 15 January 2025 by the Paris Court of Appeal, the contract required the franchisor to state the address of the franchisee's centre on the network's website, and the franchisor did not dispute having altered the geolocation for several months so as to direct customers to the centre closest to their home, regardless of the areas of operation. The court nevertheless recalled that the exclusivity granted concerned location and dismissed the claim for lack of proof of active solicitation by another franchisee, noting that the franchisee \\\"should only be able to count on the absence of active solicitation to capture customers\\\" (our translation) in its territory ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 January 2025, No. 23\/05877 ). The evidence must therefore be built: dated screenshots of the site, a mystery customer's journey, figures by municipality, emails from redirected prospects. The firm also checks whether the contract contains a clause specific to the internet, which may support a claim separate from the one based on territorial exclusivity.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"I am selling my business: can the franchisor refuse my buyer?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, if the contract provides for approval, but this right has limits. The Montpellier Court of Appeal recalls that the franchise contract does not automatically follow the business, \\\"the franchise contract not being an element of the business, unlike the commercial lease\\\" (our translation) ( CA Montpellier, ch. com., 6 May 2025, No. 23\/05066 ). It adds that \\\"this right of approval of the franchisor is limited by any abuse that might be made of it\\\" (our translation) ( CA Montpellier, ch. com., 6 May 2025, No. 23\/05066 ); in that case, unfavourable to the seller, the refusal was based on a price inconsistent with the results and on the investment needed to bring the premises into line with the concept, and it was held to be legitimate. The Versailles Court of Appeal ruled the other way in a case on approval of a new corporate officer, treated by the contract as a change of control: a few old and minor failings, an isolated hygiene incident and unproven complaints did not justify the refusal, because this right \\\"must be justified by imperatives relating to the safeguarding of its legitimate commercial interests\\\" (our translation) ( CA Versailles, 12e ch., 12 May 2022, No. 20\/05822 ). Termination was found to be at the franchisor's fault. The firm therefore prepares a complete request, within the contractual time limits, with the buyer's financial supporting documents, so that only the grounds stated in the refusal can be argued.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does my commercial lease follow the fate of the franchise contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"These are two separate contracts. The lease belongs to the franchisee's business and is transferred with it: Article L. 145-16 of the French Commercial Code deems unwritten any clause that would prohibit the tenant from assigning the lease to the buyer of its business. The franchise contract, for its part, remains subject to its own assignment and approval clauses ( CA Montpellier, ch. com., 6 May 2025, No. 23\/05066 ). In retail trade, Article L. 341-1 requires a common expiry date for all contracts concluded with the network for the operation of a single shop, and termination of one amounts to termination of the others; this provision, however, excludes from its scope the commercial lease whose duration is governed by statute. In practice, the end of the franchise does not bring down the lease, but it may leave the franchisee holding premises that can no longer be operated under the brand, with clauses that limit their activity. The firm examines together the duration of the lease, the expiry date of the franchise and the supply or management-lease contracts attached to it, before any decision to leave.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"After I leave the network, can I continue an activity in the same premises?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Often yes, because the law strongly limits post-contractual clauses in retail trade, subject to the date of the contract. Article L. 341-2 of the French Commercial Code deems unwritten any clause that restricts the former operator's activity, unless the party relying on it proves four conditions: competing goods or services, limitation to the land and premises operated, being indispensable to protecting the substantial, specific and secret know-how transferred under the contract, and a duration limited to one year. In a convenience-store case, the Court of Cassation dismissed the appeal against an urgent-application judgment which had held that a five-year clause within a five-kilometre radius could not be regarded as lawful with the clarity required, because it \\\"was not limited to the land and premises from which the operator carried on its activity during the term of the contract and exceeded one year after termination of the contract\\\" (our translation) ( Cass. com., 15 May 2024, No. 23-10.696 ). The burden of proof lies on the network. This provision, applicable since 6 August 2016, is not applied to all older clauses: the Paris Court of Appeal disapplied it for a contract signed in 2014 and reviewed the clause against the case-law requirement of proportionality ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 May 2024, No. 22\/06182 ). The firm checks that the contract falls within the scope of the provision, analyses the know-how actually transferred and, where appropriate, prepares the change of brand without reusing the network's signs.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the franchisor prohibit me from selling online or buying from other franchisees?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"These prohibitions fall under competition law and must be justified. The Paris Court of Appeal upheld a franchise contract in the dietary advice sector, holding that the exclusive supply obligation was indispensable to the network's identity. It did, however, annul, on the basis of the rules prohibiting anti-competitive agreements, the prohibition on selling the products on the internet and the prohibition on buying and reselling between franchisees, then, for disproportion in light of the franchisor's legitimate interests, the post-contractual non-competition clause extended to the whole of France; the contract was not void, \\\"but only the clauses prohibiting sale of the products on the internet and between franchisees as well as the post-contractual non-competition clause\\\" (our translation) ( CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 4, 15 May 2024, No. 22\/06182 ). The court noted that the franchisor did not explain why resale between franchisees applying the same know-how should be prohibited. The firm tests each restriction against its concrete justification: nature of the products, health or regulatory requirements, real protection of the know-how. An annulled clause may release the franchisee both during performance and after exit.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the entry fee refunded if the contract is annulled?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Annulment erases the contract retroactively and requires each party to return what it received ( Article 1178 of the French Civil Code ). In the Speed Rabbit Pizza case decided by the Versailles Court of Appeal, nullity for fraudulent misrepresentation led to repayment of the \u20ac15,000 paid as entry fee, with interest, and to annulment of the manager's personal guarantee ( CA Versailles, 12e ch., 28 September 2023, No. 21\/00561 ). The same decision, however, refused the damages claimed: repayment does not automatically cover operating losses. Nor is every nullity assured. The Court of Cassation dismissed the appeal brought by spouses and by the liquidator of their franchisee company, leaving to the lower courts the assessment that \\\"the franchisor's breach of its pre-contractual duty of information had not vitiated consent\\\" (our translation) ( Cass. com., 18 February 2026, No. 24-21.399 ). This unfavourable decision recalls that an established breach may have no effect on validity. The five-year period of Article 2224 of the French Civil Code runs, for an action for nullity based on mistake or fraudulent misrepresentation, only from the day they were discovered ( Article 1144 of the French Civil Code ); for an action in liability, it starts from the day the franchisee knew or ought to have known the facts enabling them to act. 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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