{"id":2161281,"date":"2026-11-01T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161281"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:41:29","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:41:29","slug":"bank-fraud-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/bank-fraud-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Bank fraud lawyer in Paris: getting your bank to refund a fraudulent transfer"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161281\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161281 elementor-2160690\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-fraude-bancaire-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Unauthorised transfer, fake bank details, CEO fraud \u00b7 refund and the bank's liability<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Bank fraud<\/em> lawyer in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> getting your bank to refund a fraudulent transfer.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A transfer from your account to a fraudster does not always call for the same response. If you did not order it, the bank must in principle refund it without delay. If you ordered it yourself on the strength of fake bank details or a fake manager, the claim rests on a different basis and requires different evidence. A bank fraud lawyer in Paris starts by establishing which of the two applies.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">Report the transfer to the bank in writing as soon as you discover it, and immediately ask for the funds to be recalled. The maximum period of thirteen months runs from the date of the debit, and a professional agreement may provide for a different one, but every day reduces the chances of recovering the money from the recipient's bank.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Fraudulent transfers \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the account statements, the transfer order, the exchanges with the fraudster, the bank details you received and the bank's reply: the firm will examine how the transfer is characterised and the basis for your claim.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Bank fraud lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Fraudulent transfer: <em>what determines the refund<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Crypto and fintech \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>bank fraud lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Banking law<\/li><li>Transfer fraud<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar, can act in disputes between an account holder and their bank following a fraudulent transfer.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The first question is not one of negligence but of consent. A transfer you did not order falls under a refund regime provided for by the Monetary and Financial Code (Code mon\u00e9taire et financier); a transfer you ordered yourself, even if deceived, is in principle an authorised transaction within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-6<\/a>. Validating, on a security pretext, a transaction initiated by the fraudster is not necessarily enough to make it authorised (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-23<\/a>).<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm therefore first examines where the order came from, the identifier used, the point at which the IBAN was changed and what the bank saw before executing it. This characterisation determines the provision relied on, the burden of proof and the bank against which to act.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Unauthorised transfer<\/h3><p>The payer's bank refunds before the end of the business day following the report, unless it has reasonable grounds to suspect fraud by the customer and notifies the Banque de France of those grounds (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Transfer made under deception<\/h3><p>The regime for unauthorised transactions does not apply. The claim rests on an apparent anomaly, an order drafted by the bank or the verification of the beneficiary.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The beneficiary's bank<\/h3><p>It is not the victim's contractual counterparty. Its liability is argued in tort, on the basis of the conditions under which the credited account was opened and operated.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Unauthorised transfer or transfer you agreed to: <em>the rules that apply<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules govern the bank's response and the strategy of the claim.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>A payer who has consented to the order makes the transaction authorised, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-6 of the Monetary and Financial Code<\/a>, and the Commercial Chamber has accordingly held to be authorised transfers ordered by an employee \u201cwho thought she was acting on the instruction of one of the directors, using the secure payment system provided by the bank\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6811bb2512a37cea68763c9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 30 April 2025, No. 24-11.255<\/a>) (our translation), which ruled out a refund under Article L. 133-18.<\/li>\n  <li>Where the bank's liability is sought for an unauthorised or incorrectly executed transaction, \u201conly the liability regime defined in Articles L. 133-18 to L. 133-24 of the Monetary and Financial Code applies\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6787b9b46ab05acc8d83149d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 January 2025, No. 23-15.437<\/a>) (our translation). This regime excludes an ordinary-law action based on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010123\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010123\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-1 of the Civil Code<\/a> for the same facts.<\/li>\n  <li>A transfer executed to the IBAN supplied by the customer is deemed correctly executed with regard to the beneficiary designated by that identifier (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-21<\/a>). In a fake-bank-details fraud, the Court of Cassation quashed the ruling ordering the bank to pay \u201cwhile it noted that the payment transactions had been executed in accordance with the unique identifiers supplied\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a44adf2cdc6046d476b8488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-15.283<\/a>) (our translation).<\/li>\n  <li>For an authorised transfer, the bank remains bound by a contractual duty of vigilance, limited to apparent anomalies: it must alert its customer \u201conly where there are apparent anomalies that a normally diligent professional could easily detect\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691d845002bad2f30af40a15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 19 November 2025, No. 24-17.780<\/a>) (our translation). The Commercial Chamber applies this requirement strictly.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The same fraudster can produce two different regimes: the transaction the fraudster initiated directly from your online banking area, even if you were led to validate it, and the transfer the fraudster persuaded you to order to the fraudster's account. The case is built transfer by transfer.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send depending on <em>the origin of the transfer<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The documents differ depending on whether you dispute having ordered the transfer or you validated it under deception.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Situation A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You did not order the transfer<\/p><ul><li>Account statements showing the debit and its date<\/li><li>Written report to the bank, with its date of receipt<\/li><li>Log of connections, beneficiary additions and validations requested from the bank<\/li><li>Messages, calls or emails received before the debit, and the receipt for the criminal complaint<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Situation B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You validated the transfer while being deceived<\/p><ul><li>Transfer order, with the beneficiary name and IBAN entered<\/li><li>Bank details received, invoice or email showing the changed details, with their headers<\/li><li>Beneficiary verification message displayed when you entered the transfer, if it was kept<\/li><li>Request for recall of the funds, the bank's reply and the history of the account's usual transactions<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not delete the email carrying the fake bank details or the fraudster's messages: the headers and timestamps often make it possible to date the substitution of the IBAN and to identify the compromised mailbox.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Fake bank details fraud<\/li><li>CEO fraud<\/li><li>Fake investment<\/li><li>Recipient bank<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>handles a fraudulent transfer<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Characterise each transaction, preserve the chances of recovery, then choose the right debtor.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reconstructing the chain of the order<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">For each transfer, the firm establishes who initiated it, through which channel, with which identifier and after which authentication. This timeline decides the applicable regime.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Preserving the funds<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The request for recall is sent to the issuing bank without waiting, and a criminal complaint for fraud within the meaning of Article 313-1 of the French Criminal Code (Code p\u00e9nal) is filed so that requisitions can be made on the recipient account.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>A reasoned complaint to the bank<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The complaint relies on the appropriate provision: refund of the unauthorised transaction, the repayment provided for where the beneficiary was not verified, or a breach of vigilance on an order showing an apparent anomaly.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Mediation or legal action<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">A consumer may refer the matter to the banking ombudsman at no charge. Failing agreement, the firm prepares the action against the payer's bank and, where appropriate, against the beneficiary's bank.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A complaint that relies on negligence or vigilance for an unauthorised transfer is on the wrong ground: the special regime is exclusive, and it is for the bank to prove authentication and gross negligence.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline <em>of a claim after a fraudulent transfer<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the debit being noticed to the refund or the judge's decision.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Discovery of the debit<\/p><p><strong>The same day.<\/strong> Block online access, report the transaction to the bank in writing and ask for the funds to be recalled.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Complaint<\/p><p>File a criminal complaint for fraud, enclosing the statements, the recipient IBAN and the exchanges with the perpetrator.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">The bank's reply<\/p><p>For an unauthorised transaction, the refund is due before the end of the business day following the report.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Written claim<\/p><p>If the bank refuses, a reasoned complaint asks for the proof of authentication and the connection logs to be provided.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Mediation<\/p><p>A consumer may refer the matter to their bank's ombudsman at no charge after a written complaint, no later than one year after it, as long as the dispute has not been submitted to a court (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032224802\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032224802\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 612-2 of the Consumer Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Legal action<\/p><p>Where the report was made without delay and within thirteen months of the debit at the latest, the action for a refund remains open within the ordinary-law limitation period.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before writing to the bank<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each argument must match the regime that actually applies.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Origin of the order: entered by you, by an authorised employee, by the fraudster from your online area, or drafted by the bank itself.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Identifier used: IBAN supplied by you, IBAN changed before or after the order, whether or not the beneficiary verification flagged a name match.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Authentication: method of validation, registered device, beneficiary addition, and the evidence the bank can produce.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Time limits: date of the debit, date of the report, recall of the funds, and the starting point of the limitation period for the action.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Debtor: the payer's bank, the beneficiary's bank, the perpetrator identified by the criminal investigation, or several of them.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Six common configurations of fraudulent transfer and the priority for each.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Transfer issued from your online area without your involvement<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Connection logs, beneficiary addition, method of authentication and dated report.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Prompt report, within thirteen months of the debit.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Demand the refund of the unauthorised transaction and proof of authentication.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Payment of an invoice to fake bank details<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Email carrying the bank details, headers, the order entered, beneficiary verification message.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Immediate recall of the funds, before the recipient account is emptied.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Check whether the bank complied with beneficiary verification and identify the recipient bank.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>CEO fraud in a company<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Banking authorisations, remote banking agreement, orders placed and history of flows.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Complaint and recall of the funds as soon as the fraud is discovered; check the reporting period set by the agreement.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Show an apparent anomaly in light of the authorisations and the account's habits.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Fake investment financed by transfers<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Transfer orders, country of the recipient accounts, profile and habits of the account.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Five-year limitation period for the action in contractual liability.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Assess the apparent anomaly seriously before acting, as the case law is demanding.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Transfer order drafted by the bank<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Document drawn up at the branch, signature, IBAN entered by the bank and its inconsistencies.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Keep the original of the order from the first exchange.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Act on ordinary-law grounds where the bank did not confine itself to executing the order.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Recipient account opened under a false identity<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Complaint, dropped case or investigation, account details and information on how it was opened.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Five-year limitation period from knowledge of the facts; the criminal investigation serves to obtain information on the account.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Seek the beneficiary bank's liability in tort on specific facts.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>bank fraud and fraudulent transfers<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What is the difference between an unauthorised transfer and a transfer made under deception?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Everything depends on who gave the order. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-6 of the Monetary and Financial Code (Code mon\u00e9taire et financier)<\/a>, the payer's consent is enough to make the transaction authorised. If the fraudster initiated the transfer from your online banking area, the transaction is not authorised: the bank must refund under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18<\/a>, unless it establishes that the account holder acted fraudulently or was grossly negligent. If you yourself entered and validated the transfer because a fake supplier or a fake manager asked you to, the transaction remains authorised, even if your consent was obtained by a ruse. The Court of Cassation so held for transfers made by an employee \u201cwho thought she was acting on the instruction of one of the directors, using the secure payment system provided by the bank\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6811bb2512a37cea68763c9c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 30 April 2025, No. 24-11.255<\/a>) (our translation), and the company's appeal to the Court of Cassation was dismissed. This distinction is not theoretical. It determines the provision relied on, the burden of proof and the chances of a refund. The fraudster's obtaining of validation for a transaction the fraudster initiated does not necessarily make it authorised, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-23<\/a>: the Court of Cassation then examines the payer's gross negligence. A single case may therefore combine transfers ordered by the victim and transactions initiated by the fraudster.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>I paid an invoice to fake bank details sent by email: must the bank refund me?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In principle no, on the basis of the Monetary and Financial Code alone. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-21<\/a> deems a transfer made in accordance with the IBAN supplied by the customer to have been correctly executed. In a case involving falsified bank details, the court of appeal had ordered the bank to pay, holding that the payers had consented only in respect of the true creditor. The Commercial Chamber quashed that decision \u201cwhile it noted that the payment transactions had been executed in accordance with the unique identifiers supplied\u201d by the customers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a44adf2cdc6046d476b8488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-15.283<\/a>) (our translation). It recalls, following the Court of Justice, that the limitation of liability applies even where the IBAN does not match the name of the beneficiary indicated. This decision is unfavourable to victims, and you need to know that before writing to the bank. A claim remains possible on other grounds: failure to verify the beneficiary for a transfer made after 9 October 2025, a payment order drafted by the bank itself, or fault by the bank that holds the fraudster's account. The text also requires your bank to endeavour to recover the funds.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must the bank check that the beneficiary's name matches the IBAN?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>For a long time, the answer in principle was no for the payer's bank. European Union law holds that a bank which executes the transfer on the identifier supplied does not incur liability if the name on the order does not match the account holder. The Court of Cassation recalled this in holding that \u201cthe limitation of the payment service provider's liability, provided for by that provision, applies\u201d in that situation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a44adf2cdc6046d476b8488\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-15.283<\/a>) (our translation). The landscape has changed for euro transfers. Since 9 October 2025, banks in the euro area must offer the beneficiary verification provided for by <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32024R0886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 5c of Regulation (EU) No 260\/2012, inserted by Regulation (EU) 2024\/886<\/a>. Before you authorise the transfer, your bank queries the beneficiary's bank and alerts you to a lack of match or a close match. The check does not prevent you from paying, but it shifts the discussion: if the bank did not provide this service and the transaction is incorrectly executed for that reason, it must refund the amount transferred without delay. If you went ahead despite an alert, its liability is on the other hand harder to establish.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does beneficiary verification change for a recent fraudulent transfer?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It creates a new argument for euro transfers ordered since 9 October 2025. <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32024R0886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 5c of Regulation (EU) No 260\/2012<\/a> requires the payer's bank to check, before authorisation, that the IBAN and the name entered match, whichever channel is used: app, website or branch. For an order handed in on paper, the check takes place on receipt, unless you are not present at that moment. Where there is a discrepancy, it must inform you that the funds could be paid into an account that does not belong to the beneficiary indicated. Paragraph 8 of that article provides for two consequences. A bank that followed the procedure is not liable for a transfer executed to the wrong beneficiary on an inaccurate identifier. A bank that did not follow it, where that failure results in an incorrectly executed transaction, must refund the amount transferred to the payer without delay. The evidence therefore becomes concrete: a screenshot of the entry screen, the message received, the verification log that the bank must be able to produce. A company that sends its transfers in batches may have opted out of this service; this must be checked in its agreement before building the claim. For a transfer made before 9 October 2025, this obligation cannot be relied on.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must the bank alert me to a large and unusual transfer?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not necessarily. For an authorised transfer, the bank remains bound by a duty of vigilance, but it is also bound not to interfere in its customer's affairs. The Court of Cassation requires apparent anomalies that a normally diligent professional could easily detect. It quashed a judgment that had found fault in the execution of a transfer abroad ordered by a retired person of modest income, noting that the judges had ruled \u201con grounds unsuited to establishing the existence of apparent anomalies, the court of appeal did not give its decision a legal basis\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69835756cdc6046d47e1b881\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 February 2026, No. 24-19.196<\/a>) (our translation). In another case of transfers to a fake investment, it approved the appeal judges who held that \u201cthe international nature of the transfers in dispute, their sometimes large amounts, their number and the short period over which they were executed do not constitute anomalies\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69c38854cdc6046d47dcc570\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 25 March 2026, No. 24-18.093<\/a>) (our translation). These decisions are unfavourable to victims. The amount or the unusual nature is not enough: there must be an objective inconsistency in the order itself, its medium or its circumstances. The firm looks for these specific elements before relying on vigilance, rather than arguing an unusual nature that the case law rejects.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>My company has suffered CEO fraud: what claims are there against the bank?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>CEO fraud most often leads to authorised transfers, since they are made by an authorised employee using the bank's tools. The automatic refund under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18<\/a> is then ruled out. The claim rests on the contractual duty of vigilance, and the Court of Cassation specifies that the special regime \u201capplies only to unauthorised or incorrectly executed payment transactions\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691d845002bad2f30af40a15\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 19 November 2025, No. 24-17.780<\/a>) (our translation). In that case, which concerned a transfer of 231,078 euros ordered by a company to a Hungarian bank, it nonetheless quashed the judgment in the company's favour, because a large transfer abroad had already been ordered previously. The authorisations given to the accountant, the ceiling set by the remote banking agreement and the history of flows therefore weigh heavily. For a company, the agreement may also set a different reporting period and derogate from the rules on evidence and the sharing of losses (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-24<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294418\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294418\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-2<\/a>). The situation is different if the order did not come from an authorised person. The Commercial Chamber held that, in the case of an unauthorised transaction, \u201conly the liability regime of the payment service provider provided for by the Monetary and Financial Code applies, to the exclusion of the ordinary law of contractual liability\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6983575ccdc6046d47e1b911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 February 2026, No. 24-22.320<\/a>) (our translation). The company's internal failings could then not be held against it on ordinary-law grounds.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A transfer left my account without my ordering it: what must the bank do?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-18<\/a>, it refunds you as soon as it is informed, and before the end of the following business day, restoring the account to the state it would have been in had the transaction never taken place. It avoids this only if it has serious grounds to suspect that you yourself acted fraudulently, and if it sends those grounds in writing to the Banque de France. A late refund carries interest at the legal rate increased by five to fifteen points depending on the length of the delay. A refusal based on gross negligence does not relieve the bank of the need to produce evidence: under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-23<\/a>, it first establishes that the transaction was authenticated, recorded and accounted for, and then provides evidence of the alleged negligence, use of the instrument not being enough by itself. In practice, ask in writing for the connection logs, the date on which the beneficiary was added and the method of validation of each transaction. A reply that merely asserts that the transaction was validated with your credentials does not meet this requirement.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the bank refuse a refund by accusing me of fraud?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Only if it has serious grounds to suspect that the account holder acted fraudulently, and provided it sends those grounds in writing to the Banque de France. The fraud in question is that of the account holder, not that of the fraudster. In a case decided on 30 September 2026, a customer disputed a transfer executed on the strength of a false document produced by the beneficiary. The court of appeal had held her challenge to be fraudulent, on the ground that she had approved the method used by a text message. The Court of Cassation set aside that analysis, because the message validated the transfer to enforce a civil judgment and not to pay fees, \u201cwhich ruled out the fraudulent nature of her request for the return of the funds\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6abcc15cc27382d0990895b2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 30 September 2026, No. 25-16.643<\/a>) (our translation). This decision recalls that suspicion of fraud must rest on specific facts, and that a good-faith challenge cannot be recharacterised as fraud in order to avoid an immediate refund. If the bank relies on this ground, ask it on what evidence it is based and whether it was actually sent to the Banque de France.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>I gave my codes to a fake adviser: am I denied any refund?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not automatically, but the answer is never settled in advance. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-19<\/a> leaves all losses with the payer where they failed, deliberately or through gross negligence, in the duty to protect their security data provided for by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430501\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-16<\/a>. The same article reserves a protection: unless the payer acted fraudulently, they bear no financial consequences if their bank did not require the strong authentication provided for by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047293281\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047293281\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-44<\/a>. Trial courts sometimes rule out gross negligence as soon as the call appeared to come from the bank's number. The Court of Cassation rejects this shortcut. On 9 September 2026, it set aside a judgment in the customer's favour, made \u201con a peremptory ground ruling out the payer's gross negligence when approached by a telephone call\u201d from a person presenting themselves as a bank employee (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6aa137b1195da062e0d0e082\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 9 September 2026, No. 25-15.038<\/a>) (our translation). The judges must examine specifically whether the voluntary disclosure of the identifier and access code and the validation of transactions that the payer had not initiated amounted to gross negligence. This decision is unfavourable to victims in that it closes the door on an automatic principle. It also requires the bank to address the facts: what the fraudster already knew, the content of the messages received and the exact nature of the validations requested.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I request a recall of the funds, and what can the recipient bank do?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A recall of funds is a request that your bank sends to the beneficiary's bank to obtain the return of the transfer. It must be made the same day, in writing, with the amount, the date, the recipient IBAN and the receipt for the criminal complaint as soon as there is one. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-21<\/a> requires the payer's bank to endeavour to recover the funds where the identifier supplied was inaccurate, and the beneficiary's bank to give it all useful information. If this fails, your bank must give you, on request, the information it holds in order to document a legal claim. This last point is often overlooked, although it makes it possible to identify the holder of the credited account. The return of the funds assumes that they are still available: the recipient bank cannot return a balance that has already been moved elsewhere. This is why the criminal complaint for fraud, within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006418192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006418192\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 313-1 of the Criminal Code<\/a>, must follow without delay, so that investigators can obtain information on the account and, where appropriate, have the sums still there seized.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can action be taken against the bank that opened the fraudster's account?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, but in tort under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1240 of the Civil Code<\/a>, since the victim has no contract with that bank, and with demanding proof. The Paris Court of Appeal held an online bank liable after a transfer paid into an account that the fraudster presented as that of the owner of a property offered for rent, whose identity the fraudster had stolen, holding that \u201cthe bank would thus have opened an account on the strength of documents that are necessarily forgeries, which is enough to engage its liability unless it shows that those documents were absolutely beyond suspicion, which it does not do\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65f3f397f487cb0008aca747\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 4, ch. 9-A, 14 March 2024, No. 22\/10891<\/a>) (our translation). It relied on the obligation to identify the customer before entering into a relationship, set out in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041592220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041592220\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 561-5 of the Monetary and Financial Code<\/a>. This is a case-specific outcome. Another chamber of the Paris Court of Appeal rejected in 2025 the claim of a saver who was the victim of a fake investment, noting that \u201cproof of fault by Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale in opening the account that received the funds has not been provided\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691ed59c0faf9858cdf7ee47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 19 November 2025, No. 24\/04988<\/a>) (our translation). It recalls that the obligations in Articles L. 561-5 to L. 561-22 \u201chave the sole purpose of combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism, so that victims of fraudulent conduct cannot rely on them to claim damages from the financial institution\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691ed59c0faf9858cdf7ee47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 19 November 2025, No. 24\/04988<\/a>) (our translation). This action therefore requires information on the account, which often only the criminal investigation or a court measure can obtain.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the thirteen-month period also apply to legal action against the bank?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 133-24<\/a> requires an unauthorised transaction to be reported promptly, within a maximum of thirteen months after the debit, failing which the right to a refund is lost, unless the bank did not make information on the transaction available to you. This period concerns the report, not the summons. The Court of Cassation so held on 1 July 2026: an account holder who reported within that period \u201cmay bring an action for a refund against the payment service provider within the ordinary-law period\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a44ade4cdc6046d476b80eb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-16.495<\/a>) (our translation). It quashed the judgment that had declared the action time-barred because the summons had been served more than thirteen months after the transfers. The ordinary-law period is in principle the five-year period in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2224 of the Civil Code<\/a>, running from the day the account holder knew, or should have known, the facts. The rule protects a victim who reacted quickly but negotiated for a long time. It does not dispense with reporting promptly: the requirement of a report without delay remains in the text, and a late reaction weakens both the refund and the recovery of the funds.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the bank be held at fault for a transfer order that it prepared itself?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, and it is one of the few routes open for a transfer the customer consented to. Where the bank merely executes the order on the IBAN supplied, the special regime excludes ordinary law. The Court of Cassation again so held in a case where the IBANs supplied contained BIC codes of other banks: Article L. 133-5 \u201chas neither the purpose nor the effect of allowing the payment service provider's liability to be engaged on the basis of national ordinary law\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a0d4ceccdc6046d47462ed5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 20 May 2026, No. 25-14.005<\/a>) (our translation). This decision is unfavourable to the victim. The position is different where the bank drafted the order itself. In a judgment dismissing the appeal on 4 March 2026, the Commercial Chamber upheld the ruling against a bank that had drawn up the order submitted for its customers' signature, where the bank identification details showed \u201capparent and manifest inconsistencies that left no doubt, for a normally diligent professional, that the identifier was a crude forgery\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69a7e422cdc6046d4774136a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 March 2026, No. 25-11.959<\/a>) (our translation). The branch's role in preparing the transfer must therefore be established precisely: printed document, entry by the adviser, retention of the original.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430447\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code, Art. L. 133-6<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">transaction authorised by the payer's consent<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000046194314\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code, Art. L. 133-18<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">refund of the unauthorised transaction<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430527\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code, Art. L. 133-19<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">losses borne by the payer, gross negligence<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037294405\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code, Art. L. 133-21<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">unique identifier and recovery of funds<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430567\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code, Art. L. 133-23<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">bank's proof of authentication<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430562\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code, Art. L. 133-24<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">report within thirteen months<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32024R0886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Regulation (EU) 2024\/886, Article 5c inserted into Regulation (EU) No 260\/2012<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">verification of the beneficiary of a transfer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430643\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000035430643\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Monetary and Financial Code, Art. L. 316-1<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">banking mediation at no charge for the consumer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1240 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">liability in tort<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006418192\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006418192\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 313-1 of the Criminal Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">fraud<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/fintech-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Crypto and fintech<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/banking-law-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Banking law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/blocked-investments-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Blocked investments<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/crypto-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Crypto disputes<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A fraudulent transfer that the bank refuses to refund? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the account statements, the transfer order, the exchanges with the fraudster and the bank's reply: the firm characterises the transaction and indicates the appropriate claim.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the difference between an unauthorised transfer and a transfer made under deception?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Everything depends on who gave the order. Under Article L. 133-6 of the Monetary and Financial Code (Code mon\u00e9taire et financier), the payer's consent is enough to make the transaction authorised. If the fraudster himself initiated the transfer from your online banking area, the transaction is not authorised: the bank must refund under Article L. 133-18, unless it establishes that the account holder acted fraudulently or was grossly negligent. If you yourself entered and validated the transfer because a fake supplier or a fake manager asked you to, the transaction remains authorised, even if your consent was obtained by a ruse. The Court of Cassation so held for transfers made by an employee \u201cwho thought she was acting on the instruction of one of the directors, using the secure payment system provided by the bank\u201d (Cass. com., 30 April 2025, No. 24-11.255) (our translation), and the company's appeal to the Court of Cassation was dismissed. This distinction is not theoretical. It determines the provision relied on, the burden of proof and the chances of a refund. The fraudster's obtaining of validation for a transaction he himself initiated does not necessarily make it authorised, under Article L. 133-23: the Court of Cassation then examines the payer's gross negligence. A single case may therefore combine transfers ordered by the victim and transactions initiated by the fraudster.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"I paid an invoice to fake bank details sent by email: must the bank refund me?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In principle no, on the basis of the Monetary and Financial Code alone. Article L. 133-21 deems a transfer made in accordance with the IBAN supplied by the customer to have been correctly executed. In a case involving falsified bank details, the court of appeal had ordered the bank to pay, holding that the payers had consented only in respect of the true creditor. The Commercial Chamber quashed that decision \u201cwhile it noted that the payment transactions had been executed in accordance with the unique identifiers supplied\u201d by the customers (Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-15.283) (our translation). It recalls, following the Court of Justice, that the limitation of liability applies even where the IBAN does not match the name of the beneficiary indicated. This decision is unfavourable to victims, and you need to know that before writing to the bank. A claim remains possible on other grounds: failure to verify the beneficiary for a transfer made after 9 October 2025, a payment order drafted by the bank itself, or fault by the bank that holds the fraudster's account. The text also requires your bank to endeavour to recover the funds.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must the bank check that the beneficiary's name matches the IBAN?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"For a long time, the answer in principle was no for the payer's bank. European Union law holds that a bank which executes the transfer on the identifier supplied does not incur liability if the name on the order does not match the account holder. The Court of Cassation recalled this in holding that \u201cthe limitation of the payment service provider's liability, provided for by that provision, applies\u201d in that situation (Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-15.283) (our translation). The landscape has changed for euro transfers. Since 9 October 2025, banks in the euro area must offer the beneficiary verification provided for by Article 5c of Regulation (EU) No 260\/2012, inserted by Regulation (EU) 2024\/886. Before you authorise the transfer, your bank queries the beneficiary's bank and alerts you to a lack of match or a close match. The check does not prevent you from paying, but it shifts the discussion: if the bank did not provide this service and the transaction is incorrectly executed for that reason, it must refund the amount transferred without delay. If you went ahead despite an alert, its liability is on the other hand harder to establish.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does beneficiary verification change for a recent fraudulent transfer?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It creates a new argument for euro transfers ordered since 9 October 2025. Article 5c of Regulation (EU) No 260\/2012 requires the payer's bank to check, before authorisation, that the IBAN and the name entered match, whichever channel is used: app, website or branch. For an order handed in on paper, the check takes place on receipt, unless you are not present at that moment. Where there is a discrepancy, it must inform you that the funds could be paid into an account that does not belong to the beneficiary indicated. Paragraph 8 of that article provides for two consequences. A bank that followed the procedure is not liable for a transfer executed to the wrong beneficiary on an inaccurate identifier. A bank that did not follow it, where that failure results in an incorrectly executed transaction, must refund the amount transferred to the payer without delay. The evidence therefore becomes concrete: a screenshot of the entry screen, the message received, the verification log that the bank must be able to produce. A company that sends its transfers in batches may have opted out of this service; this must be checked in its agreement before building the claim. For a transfer made before 9 October 2025, this obligation cannot be relied on.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must the bank alert me to a large and unusual transfer?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not necessarily. For an authorised transfer, the bank remains bound by a duty of vigilance, but it is also bound not to interfere in its customer's affairs. The Court of Cassation requires apparent anomalies that a normally diligent professional could easily detect. It quashed a judgment that had found fault in the execution of a transfer abroad ordered by a retired person of modest income, noting that the judges had ruled \u201con grounds unsuited to establishing the existence of apparent anomalies, the court of appeal did not give its decision a legal basis\u201d (Cass. com., 4 February 2026, No. 24-19.196) (our translation). In another case of transfers to a fake investment, it approved the appeal judges who held that \u201cthe international nature of the transfers in dispute, their sometimes large amounts, their number and the short period over which they were executed do not constitute anomalies\u201d (Cass. com., 25 March 2026, No. 24-18.093) (our translation). These decisions are unfavourable to victims. The amount or the unusual nature is not enough: there must be an objective inconsistency in the order itself, its medium or its circumstances. The firm looks for these specific elements before relying on vigilance, rather than arguing an unusual nature that the case law rejects.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"My company has suffered CEO fraud: what claims are there against the bank?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"CEO fraud most often leads to authorised transfers, since they are made by an authorised employee using the bank's tools. The automatic refund under Article L. 133-18 is then ruled out. The claim rests on the contractual duty of vigilance, and the Court of Cassation specifies that the special regime \u201capplies only to unauthorised or incorrectly executed payment transactions\u201d (Cass. com., 19 November 2025, No. 24-17.780) (our translation). In that case, which concerned a transfer of 231,078 euros ordered by a company to a Hungarian bank, it nonetheless quashed the judgment in the company's favour, because a large transfer abroad had already been ordered previously. The authorisations given to the accountant, the ceiling set by the remote banking agreement and the history of flows therefore weigh heavily. For a company, the agreement may also set a different reporting period and derogate from the rules on evidence and the sharing of losses (Article L. 133-24, Article L. 133-2). The situation is different if the order did not come from an authorised person. The Commercial Chamber held that, in the case of an unauthorised transaction, \u201conly the liability regime of the payment service provider provided for by the Monetary and Financial Code applies, to the exclusion of the ordinary law of contractual liability\u201d (Cass. com., 4 February 2026, No. 24-22.320) (our translation). The company's internal failings could then not be held against it on ordinary-law grounds.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A transfer left my account without my ordering it: what must the bank do?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Under Article L. 133-18, it refunds you as soon as it is informed, and before the end of the following business day, restoring the account to the state it would have been in had the transaction never taken place. It avoids this only if it has serious grounds to suspect that you yourself acted fraudulently, and if it sends those grounds in writing to the Banque de France. A late refund carries interest at the legal rate increased by five to fifteen points depending on the length of the delay. A refusal based on gross negligence does not relieve the bank of the need to produce evidence: under Article L. 133-23, it first establishes that the transaction was authenticated, recorded and accounted for, and then provides evidence of the alleged negligence, use of the instrument not being enough by itself. In practice, ask in writing for the connection logs, the date on which the beneficiary was added and the method of validation of each transaction. A reply that merely asserts that the transaction was validated with your credentials does not meet this requirement.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the bank refuse a refund by accusing me of fraud?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Only if it has serious grounds to suspect that the account holder acted fraudulently, and provided it sends those grounds in writing to the Banque de France. The fraud in question is that of the account holder, not that of the fraudster. In a case decided on 30 September 2026, a customer disputed a transfer executed on the strength of a false document produced by the beneficiary. The court of appeal had held her challenge to be fraudulent, on the ground that she had approved the method used by a text message. The Court of Cassation set aside that analysis, because the message validated the transfer to enforce a civil judgment and not to pay fees, \u201cwhich ruled out the fraudulent nature of her request for the return of the funds\u201d (Cass. com., 30 September 2026, No. 25-16.643) (our translation). This decision recalls that suspicion of fraud must rest on specific facts, and that a good-faith challenge cannot be recharacterised as fraud in order to avoid an immediate refund. If the bank relies on this ground, ask it on what evidence it is based and whether it was actually sent to the Banque de France.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"I gave my codes to a fake adviser: am I denied any refund?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not automatically, but the answer is never settled in advance. Article L. 133-19 leaves all losses with the payer where they failed, deliberately or through gross negligence, in the duty to protect their security data provided for by Article L. 133-16. The same article reserves a protection: unless the payer acted fraudulently, they bear no financial consequences if their bank did not require the strong authentication provided for by Article L. 133-44. Trial courts sometimes rule out gross negligence as soon as the call appeared to come from the bank's number. The Court of Cassation rejects this shortcut. On 9 September 2026, it set aside a judgment in the customer's favour, made \u201con a peremptory ground ruling out the payer's gross negligence when approached by a telephone call\u201d from a person presenting themselves as a bank employee (Cass. com., 9 September 2026, No. 25-15.038) (our translation). The judges must examine specifically whether the voluntary disclosure of the identifier and access code and the validation of transactions that the payer had not initiated amounted to gross negligence. This decision is unfavourable to victims in that it closes the door on an automatic principle. It also requires the bank to address the facts: what the fraudster already knew, the content of the messages received and the exact nature of the validations requested.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I request a recall of the funds, and what can the recipient bank do?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A recall of funds is a request that your bank sends to the beneficiary's bank to obtain the return of the transfer. It must be made the same day, in writing, with the amount, the date, the recipient IBAN and the receipt for the criminal complaint as soon as there is one. Article L. 133-21 requires the payer's bank to endeavour to recover the funds where the identifier supplied was inaccurate, and the beneficiary's bank to give it all useful information. If this fails, your bank must give you, on request, the information it holds in order to document a legal claim. This last point is often overlooked, although it makes it possible to identify the holder of the credited account. The return of the funds assumes that they are still available: the recipient bank cannot return a balance that has already been moved elsewhere. This is why the criminal complaint for fraud, within the meaning of Article 313-1 of the Criminal Code, must follow without delay, so that investigators can obtain information on the account and, where appropriate, have the sums still there seized.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can action be taken against the bank that opened the fraudster's account?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, but in tort under Article 1240 of the Civil Code, since the victim has no contract with that bank, and with demanding proof. The Paris Court of Appeal held an online bank liable after a transfer paid into an account that the fraudster presented as that of the owner of a property offered for rent, whose identity the fraudster had stolen, holding that \u201cthe bank would thus have opened an account on the strength of documents that are necessarily forgeries, which is enough to engage its liability unless it shows that those documents were absolutely beyond suspicion, which it does not do\u201d (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 4, ch. 9-A, 14 March 2024, No. 22\/10891) (our translation). It relied on the obligation to identify the customer before entering into a relationship, set out in Article R. 561-5 of the Monetary and Financial Code. This is a case-specific outcome. Another chamber of the Paris Court of Appeal rejected in 2025 the claim of a saver who was the victim of a fake investment, noting that \u201cproof of fault by Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 G\u00e9n\u00e9rale in opening the account that received the funds has not been provided\u201d (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 19 November 2025, No. 24\/04988) (our translation). It recalls that the obligations in Articles L. 561-5 to L. 561-22 \u201chave the sole purpose of combating money laundering and the financing of terrorism, so that victims of fraudulent conduct cannot rely on them to claim damages from the financial institution\u201d (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 6, 19 November 2025, No. 24\/04988) (our translation). This action therefore requires information on the account, which often only the criminal investigation or a court measure can obtain.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the thirteen-month period also apply to legal action against the bank?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Article L. 133-24 requires an unauthorised transaction to be reported promptly, within a maximum of thirteen months after the debit, failing which the right to a refund is lost, unless the bank did not make information on the transaction available to you. This period concerns the report, not the summons. The Court of Cassation so held on 1 July 2026: an account holder who reported within that period \u201cmay bring an action for a refund against the payment service provider within the ordinary-law period\u201d (Cass. com., 1 July 2026, No. 25-16.495) (our translation). It quashed the judgment that had declared the action time-barred because the summons had been served more than thirteen months after the transfers. The ordinary-law period is in principle the five-year period in Article 2224 of the Civil Code, running from the day the account holder knew, or should have known, the facts. The rule protects a victim who reacted quickly but negotiated for a long time. It does not dispense with reporting promptly: the requirement of a report without delay remains in the text, and a late reaction weakens both the refund and the recovery of the funds.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the bank be held at fault for a transfer order that it prepared itself?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, and it is one of the few routes open for a transfer the customer consented to. Where the bank merely executes the order on the IBAN supplied, the special regime excludes ordinary law. The Court of Cassation again so held in a case where the IBANs supplied contained BIC codes of other banks: Article L. 133-5 \u201chas neither the purpose nor the effect of allowing the payment service provider's liability to be engaged on the basis of national ordinary law\u201d (Cass. com., 20 May 2026, No. 25-14.005) (our translation). This decision is unfavourable to the victim. The position is different where the bank drafted the order itself. In a judgment dismissing the appeal on 4 March 2026, the Commercial Chamber upheld the ruling against a bank that had drawn up the order submitted for its customers' signature, where the bank identification details showed \u201capparent and manifest inconsistencies that left no doubt, for a normally diligent professional, that the identifier was a crude forgery\u201d (Cass. com., 4 March 2026, No. 25-11.959) (our translation). 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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A transfer from your account to a fraudster does not always call for the same response. If you did not order it, the bank must in principle refund it [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157182,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161281","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Bank Fraud Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Bank fraud lawyer in Paris: unauthorised transfer, fake bank details or CEO fraud. Find out what determines a refund. 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