{"id":2161279,"date":"2026-11-01T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161279"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:44:14","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:44:14","slug":"civil-service-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/civil-service-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil service lawyer in Paris: health, career and discipline"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161279\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161279 elementor-2160688\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-fonction-publique-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Long-term sick leave, service-related accident, career, sanctions: State, local authority and hospital civil servants<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Civil service lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> health, career and discipline.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">For a civil service lawyer in Paris, the starting point is always the decision itself. A refusal of long-term sick leave (cong\u00e9 de longue maladie), a contested service-related accident, an imposed transfer, a harsh appraisal report or a sanction: every individual decision taken against a public employee is governed by precise rules, foremost among them the General Civil Service Code (Code g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de la fonction publique), and, where it adversely affects the employee, it can be challenged before the administrative court within short time limits.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">The time limit for challenging an individual decision is in principle two months from its notification. Keep the order, its envelope or the acknowledgement of receipt, and the medical or disciplinary opinions that preceded it.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-trouble-de-voisinage-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Public employees \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the contested order, its notification, the opinions of the medical board or the disciplinary board and your exchanges with the human resources department: the firm will examine the time limit, the procedure followed and the grounds worth raising.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. Your data is used only to process your request. <a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\">Privacy policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/form>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-press knp\">\n<style>\n    .kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:132s}@media (max-width:600px){.kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:96s}}\n    .knp .knp__piste:hover ul.knp__ruban,.knp.knp--ouvert ul.knp__ruban{animation-play-state:paused}\n    .knp .knp__piste:has(button:focus-visible) ul.knp__ruban{animation:none}\n    .knp button.knp__logo{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:100%;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .2s ease}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:hover{transform:scale(1.05)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:active{transform:scale(.97)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:focus-visible{outline:2px solid 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse ?\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/produits-android\/maison-connectee\/climatiseur\/3196305_goutte-a-goutte-et-inondation-que-faire-quand-la-climatisation-du-voisin-ruine-votre-terrasse\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 la grille de lecture juridique publi\u00e9e par le cabinet sur les condensats de climatisation en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"magicmaman\":{\"nom\":\"Magicmaman\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Vous vivez en immeuble et vous n\u2019avez toujours pas de chauffage cet automne ? Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Public law \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>civil service lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Public law<\/li><li>Public employees<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar, can act for civil servants and public employees who challenge a decision affecting their health, their career or their disciplinary position.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The employee often arrives with a pile of successive orders: placement on sick leave, move to half pay, medical opinion, then compulsory unpaid leave (disponibilit\u00e9 d'office) or a new posting. The firm puts these acts back in order, identifies the one that adversely affects the employee and checks, for each, the date of notification and the mention of the means of redress.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Towards the administration, a civil servant is in a statutory and regulatory position: their rights derive from the General Civil Service Code, supplemented by the specific statutes, not from a contract. The case is therefore built on the text applicable on the date of the decision, then on the administrative case law that clarifies how it is read.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The employee's health<\/h3><p>Long-term sick leave, extended sick leave, service-related accident and illness attributable to service: the classification determines the pay received and what follows in the career.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Career<\/h3><p>Transfer, change of posting, appraisal, confirmation in post and promotion: some measures can be challenged, others fall within the internal organisation of the service.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Discipline<\/h3><p>Three-year limitation period, access to the file, opinion of the disciplinary board and proportionality of the sanction: each safeguard is checked against the documents.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Sanction, health, career: <em>the rules behind a challenge<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Five rules govern most individual disputes of a public employee.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Any misconduct committed in the course of or in connection with duties exposes the civil servant to a sanction chosen from the four-group scale in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425388\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 533-1 of the General Civil Service Code<\/a>. No procedure may be started more than three years after the administration actually learned of the facts; the Council of State (Conseil d'\u00c9tat) holds that this period runs until the date on which the employee is properly notified that proceedings have been started, and has upheld the annulment of a sanction brought too late (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051794354\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051794354\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 24 June 2025, No. 476387<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Where the grounds are put before it, the court examines whether the alleged facts amount to misconduct, then whether the sanction chosen remains proportionate to the seriousness of the misconduct. The Council of State's review as cassation judge of this proportionality remains limited: in a case concerning the dismissal of a care assistant who was absent from her training for twenty-six days, the employee's appeal on points of law was rejected (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000046737257\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000046737257\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 13 December 2022, No. 452262<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Any accident occurring at the time and place of service is presumed to be attributable to service, unless there is personal misconduct or a particular circumstance detaching it from service (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424561\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-18<\/a>). For a heart attack suffered at the office, a prior state of health displaces the presumption only if it is the exclusive cause of the accident (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051921262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051921262\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 18 July 2025, No. 476311<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Long-term sick leave requires an illness that prevents the employee from performing their duties, requires prolonged treatment and care, and is disabling and of confirmed seriousness (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424589\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424589\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-6<\/a>). The administration consults the medical body but is not bound by its opinion, and an employee claiming compensation must establish the seriousness of the condition: a technical assistant's claim was rejected on that point (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051538830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051538830\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 30 April 2025, No. 472650<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>A measure that changes the posting without infringing statutory rights or fundamental rights and freedoms, and without loss of responsibilities or pay, is an internal organisational measure that cannot be challenged, unless it reflects discrimination. Conversely, a substantial reduction of responsibilities makes the change of posting open to challenge, as the Council of State held for an employee reassigned to the reception desk on returning from maternity leave (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000043867882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000043867882\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 13 July 2021, No. 430522<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The three-year disciplinary limitation period appears in Article L. 532-2 of the General Civil Service Code; it is cited in the version in force on 1 November 2026. L\u00e9gifrance indicates an end of validity for this article on 1 January 2029.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>Documents to gather according to <em>the decision received<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The case is read from the notified acts and the opinions that preceded them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Situation A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Your health is at issue<\/p><ul><li>Orders placing you on sick leave, long-term sick leave, extended sick leave or compulsory unpaid leave<\/li><li>Medical certificates, opinions of the medical board and reports of the approved doctors<\/li><li>Declaration of the accident or illness, witness statements and details of the place and time of the events<\/li><li>Pay slips showing the move to half pay or deductions<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Situation B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Your career or discipline is at issue<\/p><ul><li>Order of transfer, sanction, refusal of confirmation in post or removal from the register, with its notification<\/li><li>Summons, disciplinary report, opinion of the disciplinary board and the individual file as disclosed<\/li><li>Successive job descriptions, organisation charts and appraisal interview reports<\/li><li>Informal administrative appeals or hierarchical appeals already lodged and the administration's replies<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Keep proof of the date of receipt of each order. Without it, it becomes difficult to know which time limit is still running and which act can still be challenged.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Administrative law<\/li><li>Administrative court<\/li><li>State liability<\/li><li>Local authorities<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>examines your situation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Identify the act that adversely affects you, check the procedure, then choose the means of redress.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reconstructing the administrative chronology<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm sorts the orders, medical opinions, summonses and letters by date of notification, then identifies the decision that produces the contested effects.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Checking the text and the procedure<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Legal basis, competence of the signatory, consultation of the medical body or the disciplinary board, reasons given and disclosure of the file are checked act by act.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Administrative appeal or compensation claim<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Depending on the case, an informal administrative appeal interrupts the time limit, and a quantified prior claim is sent before any claim for money is brought before the court.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Application to the administrative court and urgent application<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm prepares the main application and, where the decision deprives the employee of pay or has an immediate effect, the application for suspension.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Unless a special statutory provision applies, a main application does not suspend the contested decision (Article L. 4 of the Code of Administrative Justice). Where the loss of pay is immediate, the urgent application for suspension (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9-suspension) is prepared at the same time as the application.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timetable <em>of a public employee's challenge<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the decision received to the administrative court's judgment.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Notification of the order<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> Note the date of receipt and check that the order states the means of redress and time limits.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Informal or hierarchical appeal<\/p><p><strong>Within two months.<\/strong> If lodged in time, it interrupts the time limit for court proceedings, which starts running again after the reply or the implied rejection.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Silence of the administration<\/p><p><strong>Two months after the appeal.<\/strong> Silence is in principle a rejection, and a new two-month period opens to apply to the court.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Prior compensation claim<\/p><p>Before claiming back pay or compensation, send the employer a quantified claim in order to obtain a decision.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Application and urgent application<\/p><p>The application falls in principle to the administrative court of the place of posting, or of the new posting after a transfer, or of the last posting after the end of duties (Article R. 312-12 of the Code of Administrative Justice); certain disputes of employees appointed by decree of the President of the Republic fall directly to the Council of State. An application for suspension may accompany the application if urgency justifies it.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Judgment and enforcement<\/p><p>Annulment may come with an injunction: reinstatement, re-examination of the request or reconstruction of the career.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Admissibility of the challenge is often decided before the merits.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Nature of the act: decision adversely affecting the employee or internal organisational measure, express decision or implied rejection.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Time limit: date of notification, statement of the means of redress and time limits, administrative appeal already lodged.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Status: tenured civil servant, probationer or contract employee, State, local authority or hospital branch.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Procedure: consultation of the medical board or the disciplinary board, disclosure of the file, reasons given.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Financial consequences: lost pay, half pay, deductions, back payments to be claimed through a prior claim.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>challenge<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent situations and the first priority in each.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Refusal of long-term sick leave<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Certificates from the treating doctor, opinion of the medical board, medical file describing the seriousness and duration of the treatment.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months after notification of the refusal, or after rejection of the informal administrative appeal.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Action for annulment for excess of power (recours pour exc\u00e8s de pouvoir) and, if the employee has been put on half pay, a prior compensation claim.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Accident at the workplace not recognised<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Declaration of the accident, working hours, witness statements, initial medical certificate recording the injuries.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Act as soon as attributability is refused, before the half-pay orders follow one after another.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Challenge the refusal by relying on the presumption in Article L. 822-18 and its limits.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Retirement on grounds of disability<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Medical opinions, adversarial expert reports, evidence of fitness at the date of the decision.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months after notification of the retirement order.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Dispute the permanent unfitness before the court, which exercises full review on this point.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Transfer or change of posting<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Job descriptions, organisation charts, level of responsibilities and pay before and after.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months, after first checking that the measure adversely affects the employee.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Challenge if responsibilities or pay are reduced; urgent application only if urgency is shown.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Disciplinary sanction<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Disciplinary report, file as disclosed, opinion of the disciplinary board, evidence on the facts alleged.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months; also check the three-year limitation period for disciplinary action.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Main application on the existence of the facts, their classification and proportionality, with an urgent application if the exclusion deprives the employee of pay.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Refusal of confirmation in post<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Probation reports, appraisals, exchanges with the tutor, observations submitted by the probationer.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months after notification of the decision ending the probationary period.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Review of the accuracy of the facts, of manifest error and of the absence of a disguised sanction.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>civil service law<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">14 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What cases does a civil service lawyer handle for a public employee?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A civil service lawyer acts on individual decisions that affect an employee's situation: placement on sick leave or refusal of long-term sick leave, refusal to recognise a service-related accident, compulsory unpaid leave, retirement on grounds of disability, transfer, appraisal report, refusal of confirmation in post, disciplinary sanction or removal from the register. What these cases have in common is that they are decided on precise provisions of the General Civil Service Code, then on the procedure followed by the employer.<\/p><p>The first task is to identify the act that really adversely affects the employee. A series of half-pay orders often flows from an initial refusal to recognise attributability to service; that refusal is what must be challenged first. The firm then checks the time limit: two months in principle, counted from notification (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>), provided that the notification states the means of redress and time limits (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-5<\/a>).<\/p><p>The firm also examines the status of the person concerned. The sick leave rules of the Code apply to civil servants; a contract employee falls under separate regulatory texts that must be identified before any analysis. This page deals mainly with tenured civil servants and probationers.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I obtain long-term sick leave when the administration refuses it?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Long-term sick leave is an entitlement for a serving civil servant where three conditions are met: the illness prevents them from performing their duties, it requires prolonged treatment and care, and it is disabling and of confirmed seriousness (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424589\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424589\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-6 of the General Civil Service Code<\/a>). Its maximum duration is three years (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424587\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424587\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-7<\/a>) and it may be taken continuously or in separate periods (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424583\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424583\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-9<\/a>).<\/p><p>The request rests on a certificate from the treating doctor, then on examination by the competent medical body. The Council of State recalls that the administration must obtain that opinion and then assess the request itself in the light of all the evidence, without being bound by the opinion given. In the same case, it held that it was for the employee, who was claiming compensation for the implied refusal of her leave, to establish the seriousness and disabling nature of her condition without lifting medical confidentiality; her appeal on points of law was rejected (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051538830\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051538830\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 30 April 2025, No. 472650<\/a>).<\/p><p>Preparing the medical file therefore matters as much as the challenge itself. The firm checks the certificates produced, the effective date requested, the opinions given and the decision taken, before choosing between an informal administrative appeal, an action for annulment for excess of power and a prior compensation claim.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What pay does a civil servant receive on sick leave, long-term sick leave (CLM) or extended sick leave (CLD)?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Pay depends on the leave granted, which is why classification matters. On ordinary sick leave, whose total duration may reach one year over twelve consecutive months (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424599\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424599\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-2<\/a>), the civil servant receives 90% of their salary for three months, then half for the following nine months (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051201136\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051201136\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-3<\/a>). This 90% rate applies to sick leave granted from 1 March 2025 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051173247\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051173247\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 189, V, of Law No. 2025-127 of 14 February 2025<\/a>).<\/p><p>On long-term sick leave, the civil servant receives full pay for one year, then half for the following two years, keeping the family supplement and the residence allowance; the same article allows this share to be raised to 60% by decree (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048840842\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000048840842\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-8<\/a>). For State civil servants, this 60% rate applies during the second and third years (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049853076\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049853076\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 28-1 of Decree No. 86-442 of 14 March 1986<\/a>). Extended sick leave covers five conditions listed by statute, including mental illness and cancer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424575\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424575\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-12<\/a>); it gives entitlement to three years of full pay then two years of half pay (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424569\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-15<\/a>).<\/p><p>Where the incapacity results from an accident or an illness attributable to service, temporary disability leave attributable to service maintains full pay until the employee returns to work or retires (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424553\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424553\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-22<\/a>). An employee wrongly placed on ordinary sick leave can thus lose several months of half pay: the firm quantifies that difference before making the claim for back pay.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is feeling unwell at the workplace a service-related accident?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The Code sets out a presumption: any accident occurring at the time and place of service, in the performance of duties or of an activity that is a normal extension of them, is presumed attributable to service, in the absence of personal misconduct or a particular circumstance detaching it from service (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424561\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-18<\/a>). The Council of State defines an accident as any event occurring on a specific date that resulted in an injury.<\/p><p>In the case of a heart attack in the office of a school bursar, the court of appeal had required a direct and certain link with the service; the Council of State set that judgment aside, holding that a prior state of health is a particular circumstance only if it is the exclusive cause of the accident (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051921262\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051921262\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 18 July 2025, No. 476311<\/a>). For a public highway enforcement officer who fell after feeling unwell on patrol, it held that starting the shift while feeling ill and allegations of taking medication not medically confirmed were not enough to rule out attributability; the municipality's refusal was annulled with final effect (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054970239\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054970239\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 9 October 2026, No. 498762<\/a>).<\/p><p>The evidence therefore concerns the time, the place, the activity under way, the injuries and their link with the event, the Council of State accepting an injury whatever its date of onset. The employer, for its part, must establish the personal misconduct or exclusive cause it relies on.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can depression be recognised as an illness attributable to service?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An illness not listed in the occupational disease tables can be recognised as attributable to service where the civil servant establishes that it is essentially and directly caused by the performance of duties and that it results in permanent incapacity at a rate set by decree (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424557\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 822-20<\/a>). Anxiety and depressive disorders most often fall into this category, which places the burden of proof on the employee.<\/p><p>Under the former Article 57 of the Law of 26 January 1984, the Council of State held that an illness is attributable to service if it has a direct link with the performance of duties or with working conditions likely to give rise to it, unless there is personal conduct by the employee or another circumstance detaching it from service. This requirement works both ways. In a case where a local authority engineer had obtained recognition of their depressive syndrome on appeal, the judgment was set aside because the court had failed to examine whether the oppositional attitude attributed to the employee was established and was the determining cause of the deterioration of their working conditions (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000044239119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000044239119\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 22 October 2021, No. 437254<\/a>). This decision is unfavourable to the employee.<\/p><p>The file must therefore describe working conditions through dated documents, place any prior history and the aggravation attributable to service, and anticipate the argument of personal conduct. The firm compares the medical opinions, internal emails and management decisions before formulating the request.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should I do if the administration is considering retirement on grounds of disability?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Before any retirement, a civil servant found unfit for their duties must have their post adapted where possible (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424489\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424489\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 826-1<\/a>). Failing that, they may be redeployed to another corps or category of posts, as a priority within their own administration (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424485\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 826-3<\/a>), and they are entitled to a redeployment preparation period of up to one year, with pay maintained (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424487\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424487\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 826-2<\/a>).<\/p><p>For a local authority or hospital civil servant, retirement on grounds of disability requires a definitive and absolute inability to continue their duties, and compulsory retirement takes place only at the end of sick leave, long-term sick leave and extended sick leave, except for an illness of a definitive and stabilised nature that cannot be treated (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049428950\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049428950\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 30 of Decree No. 2003-1306 of 26 December 2003<\/a>). The Council of State holds that the court exercises full review of this assessment and may take into account documents drawn up after the decision, provided they shed light on the actual state of health at its date. In the case decided, an expert assessment ordered by the court had concluded that there was no disabling condition, and the annulment of the retirement was upheld (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000044635909\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000044635909\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 29 December 2021, No. 437489<\/a>).<\/p><p>Once the procedure has begun, the employee may ask for disclosure of their medical file, produce the opinion of their own doctors and request an expert assessment. The firm also checks that redeployment was genuinely examined before the decision.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a transfer in the interest of the service be challenged?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In the State civil service, the competent authority makes transfers taking account of the needs of the service (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425744\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425744\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 512-18<\/a>), and requests are examined giving priority to certain situations, such as joining a spouse or the abolition of a post (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425742\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425742\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 512-19<\/a>). An imposed transfer is distinct from the sanction of compulsory transfer, which belongs to the second group of the disciplinary scale.<\/p><p>A challenge meets two obstacles. The first concerns the nature of the act: a mere change of posting that affects neither statutory rights, nor fundamental rights and freedoms, nor responsibilities, nor pay is an internal organisational measure that can be challenged only if it reflects discrimination, whereas a substantial reduction of responsibilities makes it open to challenge (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000043867882\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000043867882\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 13 July 2021, No. 430522<\/a>). The second concerns the court's review: in matters of transfer in the interest of the service, it sets aside the administration's assessment only in the event of manifest error.<\/p><p>The Council of State recalled this in annulling the suspension granted to a teacher transferred to a replacement zone, then rejecting the application for lack of established urgency: the transfer did not in itself have sufficient financial or personal consequences (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054551374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000054551374\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 28 July 2026, No. 512444<\/a>). This decision is unfavourable to the employee. The file must therefore document precisely the loss of responsibilities, any disguised disciplinary motive and the concrete effects of the measure.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the appraisal interview report be challenged?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The assessment of a civil servant's professional merit is based on an individual evaluation giving rise to a report that is communicated to them (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425580\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 521-1<\/a>). This report weighs on promotion in grade, performance-related pay and mobility; it may be the subject of a request for review and then of a challenge before the administrative court.<\/p><p>The court's review nevertheless remains limited as to the substance of the assessment. In a case concerning a principal administrative officer of the Ministry of the Interior, the Council of State held that the interview had to be conducted by the direct line manager in post on the date of the interview, even if that manager had not supervised the employee throughout the year assessed. It left to the court of appeal the assessment that an insufficient number of files against the objectives, and abnormally long processing times, were not vitiated by manifest error; the employee's appeal on points of law was rejected (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051303915\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051303915\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 6 March 2025, No. 493924<\/a>).<\/p><p>Challenging an appraisal therefore requires objective evidence: objectives set, resources available, actual workload, comparison with previous years. The firm first checks the competence of the assessor and the review procedure, then the consistency of the assessments with the documents.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a refusal of confirmation in post at the end of probation be annulled?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Persons recruited by competitive examination or without one complete a probationary period known as the stage (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044426760\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044426760\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 327-1<\/a>). The probationer is in a provisional situation, and the refusal to confirm them in post rests on an assessment of their aptitude and of how they perform their duties.<\/p><p>The Council of State specifies the extent of review: the court checks that the decision is not based on materially inaccurate facts, that it is vitiated neither by an error of law nor by manifest error in assessing professional inadequacy, that it is not a disguised sanction and that it is not vitiated by misuse of power. If the grounds also relate to disciplinary misconduct, the person concerned must have been given the opportunity to submit observations. In the case decided, it added that facts predating the probationary period could justify the refusal, and set aside the judgment that had upheld the annulment obtained by a research officer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051162793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051162793\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 12 February 2025, No. 494075<\/a>). This outcome is unfavourable to the probationer.<\/p><p>A challenge therefore requires disputing the facts themselves or showing that the decision in reality punishes conduct without adversarial procedure. The firm examines the probation reports, the interim appraisals and the observations submitted before the decision.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does the court review the seriousness of a disciplinary sanction?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The scale of sanctions has four groups, from warning to dismissal (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425388\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 533-1<\/a>). Any sanction heavier than those of the first group requires the prior reasoned opinion of the body sitting as a disciplinary board, and the sanction itself states its reasons (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425422\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425422\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 532-5<\/a>). The employee subject to the procedure obtains their complete individual file and may be assisted by the defenders of their choice (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000052323864\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000052323864\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 532-4<\/a>).<\/p><p>Where grounds to that effect are raised, the court checks three points in turn: whether the facts occurred, whether they amount to misconduct and whether the sanction is proportionate to the seriousness of the misconduct. The Council of State recalls this, while limiting its own review as cassation judge: proportionality is a matter for the courts that decide the facts, unless the outcome is out of proportion to the misconduct. In the case of a care assistant dismissed for twenty-six days of concealed absence during training, the court of appeal had rejected the complaint of abandonment of post but upheld the misconduct, and the employee's appeal on points of law was rejected (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000046737257\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000046737257\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 13 December 2022, No. 452262<\/a>).<\/p><p>The stakes therefore lie before the administrative court and the administrative court of appeal. The firm answers each complaint in turn, distinguishes established facts from mere allegations, and gathers the evidence of context, seniority and conduct in service that allows proportionality to be argued.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the administration punish old facts?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The General Civil Service Code confines disciplinary action to a period of three years. The employer must start the procedure within three years of the day on which it actually learned of the facts liable to a sanction, in their reality, nature and extent. The bringing of criminal proceedings against the civil servant stops that period running until the final criminal decision. These rules appear in Article L. 532-2, in force on 1 November 2026.<\/p><p>The Council of State clarified how this is calculated in a decision published in its reports. The period is measured between the actual knowledge of the facts and the date on which the employee is properly notified that the procedure has been started. A final criminal decision means one that has become irrevocable, and the period starts again for three years from that date, whatever date the administration is informed of it, unless it had until then known nothing of the facts. In the case decided, the information that proceedings had been started, received by the teacher after the deadline, was late, and the annulment of the sanction was upheld (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051794354\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000051794354\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 24 June 2025, No. 476387<\/a>).<\/p><p>The firm therefore reconstructs what the administration knew, since when, and on what exact date the letter starting the procedure was received.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a civil servant be removed from the register for abandonment of post without warning?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. The Code lists abandonment of post among the cases in which a civil servant may be dismissed (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425184\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425184\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 553-1<\/a>), but removal from the register requires prior formal notice. The Council of State requires a written document, notified to the employee, which sets a time limit for resuming duty and informs them of the risk of removal from the register without disciplinary procedure.<\/p><p>It adds a second condition drawn from the statute: every serving civil servant is entitled to receive, within a reasonable time, a posting corresponding to their grade. An employee whose post was abolished in a reorganisation and who has received no new posting cannot be regarded as having broken the link with the service of their own accord. The decree removing a chief engineer from the register was annulled on that ground, with an injunction to reinstate them and assign them to a post of their grade (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000048197382\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000048197382\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 11 October 2023, No. 464419<\/a>).<\/p><p>Where the absence is explained by sick leave, the situation must be examined with the certificates sent and any follow-up medical examinations. The firm checks the formal notice, its content, its date of receipt and the employee's posting situation on that date.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens if the order does not state the time limits for challenge?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The two-month time limit can be enforced against the employee only if the notification states the means of redress and time limits (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449946\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). This omission does not, however, leave an unlimited period. The Council of State holds that the principle of legal certainty precludes the indefinite challenge of an individual decision that has been notified or is known: the challenge must then be brought within a reasonable time which, save in particular circumstances, does not exceed one year after notification of the decision or the date on which the employee became definitely aware of it.<\/p><p>Applying this rule to a public employee can be severe. In the case decided, a tax inspector had applied to the court only in June 2014, more than two and a half years after becoming aware of appointment and regrading orders notified in 2011; his claim had been rejected as out of time, and his appeal on points of law was rejected (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000041555220\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000041555220\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 10 February 2020, No. 429343<\/a>). This decision is unfavourable to the employee.<\/p><p>An administrative appeal lodged within the time limit interrupts the time limit for court proceedings (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000031367829\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 411-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration<\/a>). The firm therefore dates each act, checks its notification and looks for any time remaining before costs are incurred.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a temporary exclusion from duties be suspended urgently?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The urgent applications judge may suspend a decision where urgency justifies it and a ground raises serious doubt as to its lawfulness (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 521-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/a>). The request accompanies a main application, because the suspension ends at the latest when the court rules on that application.<\/p><p>For an employee deprived of pay, the Council of State sets a useful presumption: a measure that deprives a public employee of all their remuneration for more than one month in principle causes serious and immediate harm to their situation, unless the employer justifies particular circumstances. It annulled the order that had required the employee to prove an upheaval in their living conditions, then suspended a temporary exclusion of two years, one year of it as a suspended term, imposed by a d\u00e9partement (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000050797408\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/ceta\/id\/CETATEXT000050797408\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">CE, 18 December 2024, No. 492519<\/a>).<\/p><p>This presumption does not apply to every measure: a transfer with no financial effect of its own does not, by itself, establish urgency. The firm therefore quantifies the loss of pay, gathers proof of resources and at the same time prepares the strongest ground of lawfulness.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424589\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424589\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 822-6 of the General Civil Service Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">conditions for long-term sick leave<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051201136\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051201136\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 822-3 of the General Civil Service Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">pay on ordinary sick leave<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424561\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424561\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 822-18 of the General Civil Service Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">presumption that a service-related accident is attributable to service<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424557\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424557\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 822-20 of the General Civil Service Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">illness contracted in service<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044424485\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 826-3 of the General Civil Service Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">redeployment for unfitness<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425388\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044425388\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 533-1 of the General Civil Service Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">scale of disciplinary sanctions<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039807005\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">two-month time limit for challenge<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449326\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 521-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">urgent application for suspension<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006449875\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 312-12 of the Code of Administrative Justice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">court with jurisdiction over employees' disputes<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/public-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Public law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/administrative-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Administrative law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/administrative-court-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Administrative court<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/state-liability-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">State liability<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/10\/13\/dossier-individuel-agent-public-consulter-rectifier-disciplinaire-cnil-juge-2026\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Public employee's individual file<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>Has an order affected your health or career? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the order, its notification and the opinions that preceded it: the firm will examine the time remaining, the procedure followed and the appropriate means of redress.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What cases does a civil service lawyer handle for a public employee?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A civil service lawyer acts on individual decisions that affect an employee's situation: placement on sick leave or refusal of long-term sick leave, refusal to recognise a service-related accident, compulsory unpaid leave, retirement on grounds of disability, transfer, appraisal report, refusal of confirmation in post, disciplinary sanction or removal from the register. What these cases have in common is that they are decided on precise provisions of the General Civil Service Code, then on the procedure followed by the employer. The first task is to identify the act that really adversely affects the employee. A series of half-pay orders often flows from an initial refusal to recognise attributability to service; that refusal is what must be challenged first. The firm then checks the time limit: two months in principle, counted from notification (Article R. 421-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice), provided that the notification states the means of redress and time limits (Article R. 421-5). The firm also examines the status of the person concerned. The sick leave rules of the Code apply to civil servants; a contract employee falls under separate regulatory texts that must be identified before any analysis. This page deals mainly with tenured civil servants and probationers.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can I obtain long-term sick leave when the administration refuses it?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Long-term sick leave is an entitlement for a serving civil servant where three conditions are met: the illness prevents them from performing their duties, it requires prolonged treatment and care, and it is disabling and of confirmed seriousness (Article L. 822-6 of the General Civil Service Code). Its maximum duration is three years (Article L. 822-7) and it may be taken continuously or in separate periods (Article L. 822-9). The request rests on a certificate from the treating doctor, then on examination by the competent medical body. The Council of State recalls that the administration must obtain that opinion and then assess the request itself in the light of all the evidence, without being bound by the opinion given. In the same case, it held that it was for the employee, who was claiming compensation for the implied refusal of her leave, to establish the seriousness and disabling nature of her condition without lifting medical confidentiality; her appeal on points of law was rejected (CE, 30 April 2025, No. 472650). Preparing the medical file therefore matters as much as the challenge itself. The firm checks the certificates produced, the effective date requested, the opinions given and the decision taken, before choosing between an informal administrative appeal, an action for annulment for excess of power and a prior compensation claim.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What pay does a civil servant receive on sick leave, long-term sick leave (CLM) or extended sick leave (CLD)?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Pay depends on the leave granted, which is why classification matters. On ordinary sick leave, whose total duration may reach one year over twelve consecutive months (Article L. 822-2), the civil servant receives 90% of their salary for three months, then half for the following nine months (Article L. 822-3). This 90% rate applies to sick leave granted from 1 March 2025 (Article 189, V, of Law No. 2025-127 of 14 February 2025). On long-term sick leave, the civil servant receives full pay for one year, then half for the following two years, keeping the family supplement and the residence allowance; the same article allows this share to be raised to 60% by decree (Article L. 822-8). For State civil servants, this 60% rate applies during the second and third years (Article 28-1 of Decree No. 86-442 of 14 March 1986). Extended sick leave covers five conditions listed by statute, including mental illness and cancer (Article L. 822-12); it gives entitlement to three years of full pay then two years of half pay (Article L. 822-15). Where the incapacity results from an accident or an illness attributable to service, temporary disability leave attributable to service maintains full pay until the employee returns to work or retires (Article L. 822-22). An employee wrongly placed on ordinary sick leave can thus lose several months of half pay: the firm quantifies that difference before making the claim for back pay.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is feeling unwell at the workplace a service-related accident?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Code sets out a presumption: any accident occurring at the time and place of service, in the performance of duties or of an activity that is a normal extension of them, is presumed attributable to service, in the absence of personal misconduct or a particular circumstance detaching it from service (Article L. 822-18). The Council of State defines an accident as any event occurring on a specific date that resulted in an injury. In the case of a heart attack in the office of a school bursar, the court of appeal had required a direct and certain link with the service; the Council of State set that judgment aside, holding that a prior state of health is a particular circumstance only if it is the exclusive cause of the accident (CE, 18 July 2025, No. 476311). For a public highway enforcement officer who fell after feeling unwell on patrol, it held that starting the shift while feeling ill and allegations of taking medication not medically confirmed were not enough to rule out attributability; the municipality's refusal was annulled with final effect (CE, 9 October 2026, No. 498762). The evidence therefore concerns the time, the place, the activity under way, the injuries and their link with the event, the Council of State accepting an injury whatever its date of onset. The employer, for its part, must establish the personal misconduct or exclusive cause it relies on.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can depression be recognised as an illness attributable to service?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An illness not listed in the occupational disease tables can be recognised as attributable to service where the civil servant establishes that it is essentially and directly caused by the performance of duties and that it results in permanent incapacity at a rate set by decree (Article L. 822-20). Anxiety and depressive disorders most often fall into this category, which places the burden of proof on the employee. Under the former Article 57 of the Law of 26 January 1984, the Council of State held that an illness is attributable to service if it has a direct link with the performance of duties or with working conditions likely to give rise to it, unless there is personal conduct by the employee or another circumstance detaching it from service. This requirement works both ways. In a case where a local authority engineer had obtained recognition of their depressive syndrome on appeal, the judgment was set aside because the court had failed to examine whether the oppositional attitude attributed to the employee was established and was the determining cause of the deterioration of their working conditions (CE, 22 October 2021, No. 437254). This decision is unfavourable to the employee. The file must therefore describe working conditions through dated documents, place any prior history and the aggravation attributable to service, and anticipate the argument of personal conduct. The firm compares the medical opinions, internal emails and management decisions before formulating the request.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should I do if the administration is considering retirement on grounds of disability?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Before any retirement, a civil servant found unfit for their duties must have their post adapted where possible (Article L. 826-1). Failing that, they may be redeployed to another corps or category of posts, as a priority within their own administration (Article L. 826-3), and they are entitled to a redeployment preparation period of up to one year, with pay maintained (Article L. 826-2). For a local authority or hospital civil servant, retirement on grounds of disability requires a definitive and absolute inability to continue their duties, and compulsory retirement takes place only at the end of sick leave, long-term sick leave and extended sick leave, except for an illness of a definitive and stabilised nature that cannot be treated (Article 30 of Decree No. 2003-1306 of 26 December 2003). The Council of State holds that the court exercises full review of this assessment and may take into account documents drawn up after the decision, provided they shed light on the actual state of health at its date. In the case decided, an expert assessment ordered by the court had concluded that there was no disabling condition, and the annulment of the retirement was upheld (CE, 29 December 2021, No. 437489). Once the procedure has begun, the employee may ask for disclosure of their medical file, produce the opinion of their own doctors and request an expert assessment. The firm also checks that redeployment was genuinely examined before the decision.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a transfer in the interest of the service be challenged?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In the State civil service, the competent authority makes transfers taking account of the needs of the service (Article L. 512-18), and requests are examined giving priority to certain situations, such as joining a spouse or the abolition of a post (Article L. 512-19). An imposed transfer is distinct from the sanction of compulsory transfer, which belongs to the second group of the disciplinary scale. A challenge meets two obstacles. The first concerns the nature of the act: a mere change of posting that affects neither statutory rights, nor fundamental rights and freedoms, nor responsibilities, nor pay is an internal organisational measure that can be challenged only if it reflects discrimination, whereas a substantial reduction of responsibilities makes it open to challenge (CE, 13 July 2021, No. 430522). The second concerns the court's review: in matters of transfer in the interest of the service, it sets aside the administration's assessment only in the event of manifest error. The Council of State recalled this in annulling the suspension granted to a teacher transferred to a replacement zone, then rejecting the application for lack of established urgency: the transfer did not in itself have sufficient financial or personal consequences (CE, 28 July 2026, No. 512444). This decision is unfavourable to the employee. The file must therefore document precisely the loss of responsibilities, any disguised disciplinary motive and the concrete effects of the measure.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the appraisal interview report be challenged?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The assessment of a civil servant's professional merit is based on an individual evaluation giving rise to a report that is communicated to them (Article L. 521-1). This report weighs on promotion in grade, performance-related pay and mobility; it may be the subject of a request for review and then of a challenge before the administrative court. The court's review nevertheless remains limited as to the substance of the assessment. In a case concerning a principal administrative officer of the Ministry of the Interior, the Council of State held that the interview had to be conducted by the direct line manager in post on the date of the interview, even if that manager had not supervised the employee throughout the year assessed. It left to the court of appeal the assessment that an insufficient number of files against the objectives, and abnormally long processing times, were not vitiated by manifest error; the employee's appeal on points of law was rejected (CE, 6 March 2025, No. 493924). Challenging an appraisal therefore requires objective evidence: objectives set, resources available, actual workload, comparison with previous years. The firm first checks the competence of the assessor and the review procedure, then the consistency of the assessments with the documents.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a refusal of confirmation in post at the end of probation be annulled?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Persons recruited by competitive examination or without one complete a probationary period known as the stage (Article L. 327-1). The probationer is in a provisional situation, and the refusal to confirm them in post rests on an assessment of their aptitude and of how they perform their duties. The Council of State specifies the extent of review: the court checks that the decision is not based on materially inaccurate facts, that it is vitiated neither by an error of law nor by manifest error in assessing professional inadequacy, that it is not a disguised sanction and that it is not vitiated by misuse of power. If the grounds also relate to disciplinary misconduct, the person concerned must have been given the opportunity to submit observations. In the case decided, it added that facts predating the probationary period could justify the refusal, and set aside the judgment that had upheld the annulment obtained by a research officer (CE, 12 February 2025, No. 494075). This outcome is unfavourable to the probationer. A challenge therefore requires disputing the facts themselves or showing that the decision in reality punishes conduct without adversarial procedure. The firm examines the probation reports, the interim appraisals and the observations submitted before the decision.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does the court review the seriousness of a disciplinary sanction?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The scale of sanctions has four groups, from warning to dismissal (Article L. 533-1). Any sanction heavier than those of the first group requires the prior reasoned opinion of the body sitting as a disciplinary board, and the sanction itself states its reasons (Article L. 532-5). The employee subject to the procedure obtains their complete individual file and may be assisted by the defenders of their choice (Article L. 532-4). Where grounds to that effect are raised, the court checks three points in turn: whether the facts occurred, whether they amount to misconduct and whether the sanction is proportionate to the seriousness of the misconduct. The Council of State recalls this, while limiting its own review as cassation judge: proportionality is a matter for the courts that decide the facts, unless the outcome is out of proportion to the misconduct. In the case of a care assistant dismissed for twenty-six days of concealed absence during training, the court of appeal had rejected the complaint of abandonment of post but upheld the misconduct, and the employee's appeal on points of law was rejected (CE, 13 December 2022, No. 452262). The stakes therefore lie before the administrative court and the administrative court of appeal. The firm answers each complaint in turn, distinguishes established facts from mere allegations, and gathers the evidence of context, seniority and conduct in service that allows proportionality to be argued.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the administration punish old facts?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The General Civil Service Code confines disciplinary action to a period of three years. The employer must start the procedure within three years of the day on which it actually learned of the facts liable to a sanction, in their reality, nature and extent. The bringing of criminal proceedings against the civil servant stops that period running until the final criminal decision. These rules appear in Article L. 532-2, in force on 1 November 2026. The Council of State clarified how this is calculated in a decision published in its reports. The period is measured between the actual knowledge of the facts and the date on which the employee is properly notified that the procedure has been started. A final criminal decision means one that has become irrevocable, and the period starts again for three years from that date, whatever date the administration is informed of it, unless it had until then known nothing of the facts. In the case decided, the information that proceedings had been started, received by the teacher after the deadline, was late, and the annulment of the sanction was upheld (CE, 24 June 2025, No. 476387). The firm therefore reconstructs what the administration knew, since when, and on what exact date the letter starting the procedure was received.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a civil servant be removed from the register for abandonment of post without warning?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The Code lists abandonment of post among the cases in which a civil servant may be dismissed (Article L. 553-1), but removal from the register requires prior formal notice. The Council of State requires a written document, notified to the employee, which sets a time limit for resuming duty and informs them of the risk of removal from the register without disciplinary procedure. It adds a second condition drawn from the statute: every serving civil servant is entitled to receive, within a reasonable time, a posting corresponding to their grade. An employee whose post was abolished in a reorganisation and who has received no new posting cannot be regarded as having broken the link with the service of their own accord. The decree removing a chief engineer from the register was annulled on that ground, with an injunction to reinstate them and assign them to a post of their grade (CE, 11 October 2023, No. 464419). Where the absence is explained by sick leave, the situation must be examined with the certificates sent and any follow-up medical examinations. The firm checks the formal notice, its content, its date of receipt and the employee's posting situation on that date.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens if the order does not state the time limits for challenge?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The two-month time limit can be enforced against the employee only if the notification states the means of redress and time limits (Article R. 421-5 of the Code of Administrative Justice). This omission does not, however, leave an unlimited period. The Council of State holds that the principle of legal certainty precludes the indefinite challenge of an individual decision that has been notified or is known: the challenge must then be brought within a reasonable time which, save in particular circumstances, does not exceed one year after notification of the decision or the date on which the employee became definitely aware of it. Applying this rule to a public employee can be severe. In the case decided, a tax inspector had applied to the court only in June 2014, more than two and a half years after becoming aware of appointment and regrading orders notified in 2011; his claim had been rejected as out of time, and his appeal on points of law was rejected (CE, 10 February 2020, No. 429343). This decision is unfavourable to the employee. An administrative appeal lodged within the time limit interrupts the time limit for court proceedings (Article L. 411-2 of the Code of Relations between the Public and the Administration). The firm therefore dates each act, checks its notification and looks for any time remaining before costs are incurred.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a temporary exclusion from duties be suspended urgently?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The urgent applications judge may suspend a decision where urgency justifies it and a ground raises serious doubt as to its lawfulness (Article L. 521-1 of the Code of Administrative Justice). The request accompanies a main application, because the suspension ends at the latest when the court rules on that application. For an employee deprived of pay, the Council of State sets a useful presumption: a measure that deprives a public employee of all their remuneration for more than one month in principle causes serious and immediate harm to their situation, unless the employer justifies particular circumstances. It annulled the order that had required the employee to prove an upheaval in their living conditions, then suspended a temporary exclusion of two years, one year of it as a suspended term, imposed by a d\u00e9partement (CE, 18 December 2024, No. 492519). This presumption does not apply to every measure: a transfer with no financial effect of its own does not, by itself, establish urgency. 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\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n  .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n    flex-shrink: 0 !important;\n    scroll-snap-align: start !important;\n    width: clamp(300px, 30vw, 400px) !important;\n    min-width: 300px !important;\n  }\n\n  @media (max-width: 767px) {\n    .elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n      width: 350px !important;\n      min-width: 350px !important;\n      max-width: 350px !important;\n    }\n  }\/* End custom CSS *\/<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157105 post-2157105 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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For a civil service lawyer in Paris, the starting point is always the decision itself. A refusal of long-term sick leave (cong\u00e9 de longue maladie), a contested service-related accident, an imposed transfer, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157188,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161279","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Civil Service Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Civil service lawyer Paris: Kohen Avocats challenges sick leave refusals, service accidents, transfers and sanctions. Call the firm.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/civil-service-lawyer-paris\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Civil Service Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Civil service lawyer Paris: Kohen Avocats challenges sick leave refusals, service accidents, transfers and sanctions. 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