{"id":2161271,"date":"2026-11-01T23:11:41","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161271"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:36:38","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:36:38","slug":"unpaid-invoice-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/unpaid-invoice-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Unpaid Invoice Lawyer in Paris: From the First Late Payment to an Enforceable Title"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161271\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161271 elementor-2160682\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-facture-impayee-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">One invoice, one debtor, a recovery route proportionate to the amount<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Unpaid invoice lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> from the first late payment to an enforceable title, without needless costs.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A client who does not pay, reminders left unanswered, a small sum or the balance of a building job: an unpaid invoice lawyer in Paris looks for the least costly route to an enforceable title, taking account of the 2026 reforms to the payment order (injonction de payer) and to debt recovery between traders.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">A payment order made on or after 1 September 2026 is void if it is not served within three months. Also check the date on which the service was completed: the limitation period may start running from that day, whatever the date of the invoice.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-droit-bancaire-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Unpaid invoice \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the invoice, the quotation or purchase order, the exchanges with the client and the reminders already sent: the firm examines the evidence of the debt, its limitation period and the most economical recovery route.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Business law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What an <em>unpaid invoice lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Business law<\/li><li>Invoice recovery<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer (avocat) at the Paris Bar, acts for businesses, craftspeople and independent professionals whose invoice remains unpaid despite reminders.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The case starts with a question of proportion: what the procedure will cost compared with the sum owed. An invoice for a few hundred euros is not handled like a disputed balance for building works, and the route available also depends on the debtor, whether a trader, another professional or a consumer.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm checks three points before taking any step: the evidence of the order and the price, the date on which the limitation period began to run, and whether there is a serious dispute about the service provided. The procedure chosen is then the one that leads to the enforceable title with the fewest steps possible.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The enforceable title as the objective<\/h3><p>Seizure to obtain payment requires a title: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025025644\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025025644\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 111-2 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures (Code des proc\u00e9dures civiles d'ex\u00e9cution)<\/a> reserves compulsory enforcement for a creditor holding a title evidencing a liquidated and due debt. Only protective measures may precede the title.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Ancillary sums due as of right<\/h3><p>Between professionals, late-payment penalties and the fixed recovery-cost indemnity are due without any reminder, under Article L. 441-10 of the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce) and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043197457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043197457\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article D. 441-5 of the Commercial Code<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The 2026 reforms<\/h3><p>The payment order is tightened for orders made on or after 1 September 2026, and a procedure without a judge has been created for invoices between traders, applicable at the end of the year.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Payment order, small claims, formal demand: <em>the applicable rules<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Five rules decide the shortest path between the invoice and the enforceable title.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>The payment order procedure is available where the debt arises from a contract and is for a determined amount (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1405 of the French Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The application states the sum, how it is calculated and its basis, and attaches the supporting documents (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200316\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1407 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). For orders made on or after 1 September 2026, service must take place within three months of their date, failing which the order is void (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497783\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1411 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000053493970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000053493970\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Decree No. 2026-96 of 16 February 2026<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Under the former six-month period, the Court of Cassation overturned a judgment that found acquiescence by a debtor who had made payments, recalling that \"the order for payment is void if it has not been served within six months of its date\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca651a5de6b64ddecc9653\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 17 October 2019, No. 18-18.759<\/a>) (our translation). Voluntary payments therefore do not replace service made within the period, now reduced to three months.<\/li>\n  <li>The debtor may lodge an objection within one month of service or, if service was not made on the debtor in person, within one month of the first document served in person or the first enforcement measure making the debtor's assets unavailable (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1416 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The order becomes an enforceable title only once that period and a period of two months following service have expired (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). If the debtor disputes the claim, the Court of Cassation recalls that \"the effect of the objection is to bring before the court the creditor's initial claim and the whole dispute\"; it overturned a judgment that had criticised the debtor for not producing the invoice (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6abe4a44c27382d0995f6b75\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 1 October 2026, No. 24-22.040<\/a>) (our translation).<\/li>\n  <li>For a contractual debt not exceeding \u20ac5,000 in principal and interest, a commissaire de justice (court-appointed enforcement officer) may conduct the simplified small-claims recovery procedure and issue an enforceable title if the debtor agrees (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039624858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039624858\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 125-1 of the same code<\/a>). Since 25 April 2026, this route excludes debts that have been invoiced between traders, and its costs remain payable by the creditor.<\/li>\n  <li>For an invoice between traders, Articles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935734\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">L. 126-1<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935742\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935742\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">L. 126-5<\/a> of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures, in force since 25 April 2026, provide for a formal demand to pay served by a commissaire de justice, then a record of non-contestation made enforceable by the clerk of the commercial court (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935740\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 126-4<\/a>). The debtor's challenge within one month ends the procedure (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935736\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 126-2<\/a>). The implementing regulatory provisions come into force only on 31 December 2026.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The amount of the invoice dictates the choice of route: a procedure heavier than the debt it pursues is paid for twice, in costs and in time.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, depending on <em>your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The payment order judge rules on the documents, without hearing the parties: the file must speak for itself.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are the creditor<\/p><ul><li>Invoice, signed quotation, purchase order or contract, accepted general terms<\/li><li>Evidence of performance: delivery note, acceptance report, report, emails approving the service<\/li><li>Reminders, formal notice and the client's replies, with their dates<\/li><li>Registration extract for the debtor and anything known about its solvency<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You receive the claim<\/p><ul><li>Disputed invoice, original order and agreed terms<\/li><li>Reservations, complaints or refusals addressed to the supplier, with their dates<\/li><li>Findings, photographs or reports establishing a defect or a delay<\/li><li>Document received: formal notice, formal demand, payment order and the date it was served<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A payment order that has been served opens a one-month period for lodging an objection: note the date of the document and the way it was delivered.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Recovery of commercial debts<\/li><li>Protective attachment and garnishment order<\/li><li>General terms of sale<\/li><li>Debtor in insolvency proceedings<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Check the debt, put the debtor on notice, choose the most economical route, then enforce.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Checking the debt and its evidence<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Order, price, performance and completion date: the firm reconstructs the chronology and identifies what is missing to convince a judge who will rule on the documents, without a hearing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Formal notice and quantifying the claim<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The formal notice states the sum, the time allowed and the consequences of non-payment; it causes default interest to run at the statutory rate (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042162\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042162\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1344 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035273\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1344-1 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Between professionals, it also quantifies the penalties and the fixed indemnity.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Choosing the most economical route<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Depending on the amount, the status of the debtor and the risk of a dispute: small claims with the debtor's agreement, a payment order, an urgent application for an interim payment (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9-provision) or, between traders from 31 December 2026, a formal demand to pay served by a commissaire de justice.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Service and enforcement<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm monitors the time limits for service and objection, then arranges with the commissaire de justice the appropriate enforcement measure, attachment of an account or of assets, as soon as the title is enforceable.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>If the debtor gives reason to fear that its assets will disappear, a protective attachment may be requested before any title, provided that a claim appearing well founded in principle and a threat to recovery are shown (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025026104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025026104\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 511-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline <em>of an unpaid invoice<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the missed due date to the title that allows seizure.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Due date passed<\/p><p><strong>From the very next day.<\/strong> Between professionals, late-payment penalties fall due on the day after the payment date stated on the invoice, with no reminder needed (Article L. 441-10 of the Commercial Code).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Reminder and formal notice<\/p><p>A dated letter, with the sum quantified and a time limit, puts the debtor on notice and causes default interest to run.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Choice of procedure<\/p><p>Agreement of the debtor before a commissaire de justice, application for a payment order or urgent application, depending on the amount and the state of the dispute.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Order and service<\/p><p>A payment order made on or after 1 September 2026 must be served within three months of its date.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Objection period<\/p><p>The debtor has one month after service; if service was not made in person, that month runs from the first document served in person or the first enforcement measure making the debtor's assets unavailable. Service also interrupts the limitation period.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Enforceable title and seizure<\/p><p>Without an objection, the order has the effect of an adversarial judgment (jugement contradictoire) at the expiry of the objection period and of two months following service.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before the first reminder<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A badly chosen procedure costs more than a well-documented invoice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Status of the debtor: trader, other professional or consumer, since it determines the limitation period and the procedures available.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Starting point of the limitation period: completion of the service or the due date stated on the invoice, in principle five years between professionals, unless a shorter special limitation period applies, and two years against a consumer.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Evidence of the contract and the price: signed quotation, purchase order, electronic exchanges, accepted general terms.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Possible dispute about the service: reservations, alleged defects or an ongoing expert assessment, which may make the obligation seriously contestable and block an urgent application for an interim payment.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Solvency of the debtor: accounts published or not, age of the arrears, response to reminders, any insolvency proceedings.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>recovery route<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Five common situations and the first decision to take.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Less than \u20ac5,000 owed by an individual or a non-trader professional<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Quotation or contract, invoice, proof of performance.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two years against a consumer, otherwise five years, from the time the facts enabling action were known.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Propose the small-claims procedure; if the debtor refuses, apply for a payment order.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Uncontested invoice between traders<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Purchase order, invoice, absence of any written complaint.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Five years in principle, unless a shorter special limitation period applies (Article L. 110-4 of the Commercial Code).<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Payment order today; formal demand to pay served by a commissaire de justice from 31 December 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Client who disputes the quality of the service<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Acceptance report, emails approving the work, technical report.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> A dispute does not interrupt the limitation period; acknowledgement by the debtor, a court claim, a protective measure or an act of compulsory enforcement does (Articles 2240, 2241 and 2244 of the Civil Code).<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Writ of summons on the merits rather than an urgent application for an interim payment, where appropriate after an investigative measure.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Silent debtor whose situation is deteriorating<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Unpublished accounts, unanswered reminders, age of the invoices.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Act before the funds disappear; the title must then be sought within one month following the carrying out of the measure.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Application for a protective attachment, then proceedings to obtain the enforceable title.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Payment order obtained<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Order, record of service and date of delivery.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Service within three months; objection possible within one month.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Have it served without delay then, if there is no objection, enforce once the two-month period has ended.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>unpaid invoice<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">12 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Is a single unpaid invoice worth consulting a lawyer about?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The law does not require it for the first step: the application for a payment order may be lodged with the court registry by the creditor personally or by any representative (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200316\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1407 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The value of a lawyer lies elsewhere, in the choice of route and in the quality of the file put before the judge. The payment order judge rules only on the documents produced and may reject the application, with no means of challenge for the creditor, who must then proceed by the ordinary routes; if the judge upholds it only in part, the creditor chooses between serving the order for the sum allowed and renouncing service in order to proceed by those same routes (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412560\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1409 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). A poorly documented application therefore wastes time and saves nothing. The firm begins with a preliminary review: it checks the evidence of the order and the price, the limitation period, the risk of a dispute and the client's solvency. It then advises whether a formal notice is enough, whether the small-claims procedure is available or whether an application is needed. For a small invoice, the answer may be that a well-constructed letter and a telephone reminder are worth more than a procedure. A formal notice depends on its content more than on its form. In a credit dispute, the Aix-en-Provence Court of Appeal held that \"it matters little that the formal notices in this case were not physically signed, since they fulfil that purpose\", provided that they stated the sum, the time allowed and the consequences of non-payment (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a2a493bcdc6046d47e69f0a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Aix-en-Provence, ch. 1-8, 10 June 2026, No. 23\/02328<\/a>) (our translation).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which route costs least for a small invoice?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Three routes can be compared. The first is amicable: a precise formal notice, which causes interest to run at the statutory rate without the creditor having to show any loss (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035273\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1344-1 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The second is the simplified small-claims recovery procedure, conducted by a commissaire de justice for a contractual debt not exceeding \u20ac5,000 in principal and interest (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039624858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039624858\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a>). If the debtor accepts the amount and the payment terms, the commissaire de justice issues an enforceable title directly; the costs remain payable by the creditor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a>). The debtor's failure to reply within one month amounts to an implied refusal (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039375490\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039375490\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 125-2 of the same code<\/a>). The third route is the payment order: the application is examined without a hearing and the order, once served and not met by an objection, has the effects of an adversarial judgment (jugement contradictoire) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The firm compares these routes in light of the amount, the status of the debtor and its attitude. Where the client acknowledges the debt but asks for time, an agreement before a commissaire de justice gives a title without a judge. Where it no longer replies, the payment order remains in practice the most direct route.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What has changed for payment orders since 1 September 2026?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000053493970\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/jorf\/id\/JORFTEXT000053493970\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Decree No. 2026-96 of 16 February 2026<\/a> amended four articles of the Code of Civil Procedure devoted to payment orders. Its changes apply to orders made on or after 1 September 2026. First, an order not served within three months of its date is void, instead of six months previously (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497783\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1411 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). Second, except before the commercial court, the court registry notifies the creditor of the objection lodged by the debtor within one month of receiving it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497786\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497786\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1415 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). In the event of an objection, the creditor must produce at the hearing the record of service or, if the order was not served in person, the first document served in person or the first enforcement measure making the assets unavailable, on pain of inadmissibility of its claims (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497789\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1418 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). Finally, the order becomes an enforceable title only at the expiry of the objection period and of a period of two months following service; if no notice of objection or invitation to pay a deposit has been received within that period, the creditor may proceed to compulsory enforcement (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). In practice, the creditor must have the order served quickly, keep the record of service and wait two months before seizing assets. The one-month objection period has not changed, including its postponement where service was not made in person: it then runs from the first document served in person or, failing that, from the first enforcement measure making the debtor's assets unavailable (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1416 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). An order made before 1 September 2026 remains subject to the former rules.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the procedure without a judge between traders already be used?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not yet as of 1 November 2026. Articles <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935734\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">L. 126-1<\/a> to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935742\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935742\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">L. 126-5 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a> have been in force since 25 April 2026, but the regulatory articles that organise the procedure, R. 126-1 et seq., come into force only on 31 December 2026. The procedure concerns a debt that has been invoiced between traders and is certain, liquidated and due. The commissaire de justice serves a formal demand to pay that describes the obligation, the amounts claimed and the one-month period for payment; a challenge by the debtor within that period ends the procedure, without depriving the creditor of the right to take legal action (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935736\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935736\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 126-2<\/a>). Failing full payment or a challenge, and no earlier than eight days after that period, the commissaire de justice draws up a record of non-contestation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935738\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935738\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 126-3<\/a>). The clerk of the commercial court makes it enforceable after checking that the procedure was regular; it must be served within six months and the debtor may oppose it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935740\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 126-4<\/a>). The costs are borne by the debtor (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935742\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935742\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 126-5<\/a>). For an uncontested invoice, this route will become an alternative to the payment order from the end of the year.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the small-claims procedure apply to an invoice between traders?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No, not since 25 April 2026. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a> now reserves the simplified small-claims recovery procedure for contractual or statutory debts that have not been invoiced between traders. For those, the legislature has created the procedure for recovering uncontested commercial debts, whose regulatory part will apply on 31 December 2026. Several pages still online present the small-claims procedure as open to any business: the rule has changed. It remains available where the creditor is a trader and the debtor is an individual, a liberal profession or an association, and where the creditor is not itself a trader. The ceiling remains \u20ac5,000 in principal and interest (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039624858\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039624858\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a>). The debtor's agreement, recorded by the commissaire de justice, suspends the limitation period; a refusal opens the way to court proceedings. A failure of this procedure also has a useful effect: it exempts the creditor from the prior attempt at conciliation required for claims not exceeding \u20ac5,000 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047539064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047539064\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 750-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is my invoice enough to prove what the client owes me?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A person claiming performance of an obligation must prove it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042341\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1353 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The invoice establishes what the creditor claims; on its own it does not show that the service was ordered and performed at the stated price. Between traders, commercial acts may be proved by any means (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006219127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006219127\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 110-3 of the Commercial Code<\/a>): purchase orders, emails, accepted quotations, delivery notes. On the basis of emails exchanged about a recruitment, the Paris Court of Appeal held that \"The existence of a contractual relationship with the company Fed is established, even though the company Devea did not sign the written contract submitted\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65af68a7b6c6260008b530ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 18 January 2024, No. 21\/17724<\/a>) (our translation). The client's silence does not carry the same weight: in a dispute over a change in the invoicing method, the Court of Cassation recalled that \"silence does not in itself amount to acceptance, unless particular circumstances allow it to be given that meaning\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67bebe8bab77563075a593d4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 26 February 2025, No. 23-21.063<\/a>) (our translation). An invoice received without protest is therefore not, on its own, an acceptance of its amount. Where an objection is lodged against a payment order, the burden of proof remains intact: the Court of Cassation overturned a judgment given \"when it was for the company Suez eau France to establish that its claim was well founded, the court, which reversed the burden of proof, infringed the aforementioned provision\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6abe4a44c27382d0995f6b75\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 1 October 2026, No. 24-22.040<\/a>) (our translation). The file must therefore bring together the order, the performance and the price before any application.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>When does the limitation period for an invoice start to run?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The period is in principle five years between traders or between traders and non-traders, unless a shorter special limitation period applies (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000027725867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000027725867\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 110-4 of the Commercial Code<\/a>), and two years for an action by a professional against a consumer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226897\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226897\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 218-2 of the Consumer Code<\/a>). Its starting point is the day on which the creditor knew, or should have known, the facts enabling it to act (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2224 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Case law draws from this a consequence unfavourable to creditors who are slow to invoice. In a judgment dismissing an appeal, the Court of Cassation approved a court of appeal that had held a supplier's action time-barred, on the ground that \"the client's obligation to pay arises at the time the service ordered was performed\", \"whatever the date on which it had decided to issue its invoice\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca5b69db77e732f3ddad05\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 26 February 2020, No. 18-25.036<\/a>) (our translation). Against a consumer, the first civil chamber aligned its position and held that \"the date of knowledge of the facts that enables the professional to bring its action must therefore be taken into account, and this may be characterised by the completion of the works or the performance of the services\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/60a4a9ddc489873ed5d1e277\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 19 May 2021, No. 20-12.520<\/a>) (our translation); it nevertheless set aside that new principle in that case, so as not to deprive the professional of access to a court, and used the date of the invoice. Where the invoice itself sets a due date, the starting point may be that date, the Court having approved a judgment noting: \"Having thus held that the seller had itself fixed the due date of its invoice at 19 April 2013\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/64895b1c6926a605db238d72\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 14 June 2023, No. 21-14.841<\/a>) (our translation). The debtor's acknowledgement of the debt interrupts the limitation period (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017366\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017366\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2240 of the Civil Code<\/a>), as does a court claim (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017098\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017098\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2241 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What interest and costs can be claimed on top of the amount of the invoice?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Against any debtor, damages for late payment consist of interest at the statutory rate from the formal notice (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010133\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010133\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-6 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Interest due for a full year may itself bear interest if the contract or the judge so provides (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035261\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035261\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1343-2 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Between professionals, Article L. 441-10 of the Commercial Code provides for late-payment penalties due on the day after the payment date, without any reminder, at the European Central Bank rate plus ten points, unless a contractual rate applies, which may not be lower than three times the statutory rate. It adds a fixed recovery-cost indemnity, set at \u20ac40 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043197457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043197457\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article D. 441-5 of the Commercial Code<\/a>). The Paris Court of Appeal held that \"the fixed recovery-cost indemnity is due for each invoice paid late or unpaid\", and that \"the penalties due under the aforementioned statutory and regulatory provisions do not constitute a penalty clause\"; it awarded an interim payment in respect of 427 invoices (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65321b299e4ea48318f5aeb7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1 ch. 2, 19 October 2023, No. 23\/03142<\/a>) (our translation). In another case, it applied to the sums due the European Central Bank rate plus ten points (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65af68a7b6c6260008b530ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 18 January 2024, No. 21\/17724<\/a>). Costs above \u20ac40 may be claimed on proof. The creditor may not, however, rely on these indemnities where the opening of insolvency proceedings prevents payment of the debt on its due date (same Article L. 441-10).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should I do if the client disputes the quality of the work invoiced?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A dispute changes the route to follow. The urgent applications judge grants an interim payment only if the existence of the obligation is not seriously contestable (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042597284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042597284\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 835 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006411463\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006411463\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 873 of the same code<\/a> before the commercial court). The Rouen Court of Appeal thus set aside an order requiring a project owner to pay an interim sum to the building contractor, holding that \"since the quality of the services performed by the Sas Logi habitat was disputed and an expert assessment had been ordered to determine the existence of defects, their origin and, where appropriate, the cost of remedying them, the obligation to pay the balance of the works was seriously contestable\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6916fc55e097417ee1bd1dc4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Rouen, 1re ch. civ., 12 November 2025, No. 25\/00435<\/a>) (our translation). That decision is unfavourable to the creditor: substantiated reservations or an ongoing expert assessment may amount to a serious dispute that blocks an interim payment, depending on their bearing on the sum claimed. The payment order remains possible, but an objection brings before the court the initial claim and the whole dispute (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200307\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1413 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>), with a full debate on the quality of the service. Where the dispute is genuine, a writ of summons on the merits, supported by the acceptance report, the exchanges approving the work and, if need be, a technical report, avoids an unnecessary step. The judge may also grant the debtor time to pay, up to a limit of two years (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035267\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035267\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1343-5 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The firm examines the dispute before choosing: a late criticism, arising after acceptance without reservation, does not carry the same weight as a complaint made during performance.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must conciliation be attempted before going to court for less than \u20ac5,000?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Before the judicial court (tribunal judiciaire), where a claim seeks payment of a sum not exceeding \u20ac5,000, it must be preceded by an attempt at conciliation, mediation or a participatory procedure, on pain of inadmissibility, which the judge may raise of the court's own motion (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047539064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047539064\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 750-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The text provides for several exemptions. One concerns a legitimate reason arising from manifest urgency, from circumstances making such an attempt impossible or requiring a decision to be given without the other party being heard, or from the unavailability of court conciliators beyond three months. Another concerns the creditor who has unsuccessfully started the simplified small-claims recovery procedure. The question arises above all for a writ of summons for payment of a small invoice: without a prior attempt or a justified exemption, the claim may be declared inadmissible, which wastes months. This requirement is specific to the judicial court: it does not apply to a claim brought before the commercial court. The firm therefore checks, before any filing, which exemption can be relied on and how to substantiate it, or arranges the quickest amicable attempt. For a small invoice, starting with the small-claims procedure has a twofold advantage: a title without a judge if the debtor agrees, an exemption from conciliation if the debtor refuses.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the client's accounts be frozen before there is a judgment?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, on two conditions. A creditor whose claim appears well founded in principle may ask the judge for authorisation to take a protective measure over the debtor's assets, if it shows circumstances that may threaten recovery (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025026104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025026104\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 511-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/a>). Prior authorisation is not necessary where the creditor already holds an enforceable title or a decision that is not yet enforceable, or in the event of non-payment of a cheque, an accepted bill of exchange or a promissory note (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049397773\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049397773\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 511-2 of the same code<\/a>). For invoices, the threat is shown by specific facts. The Paris enforcement judge upheld a protective attachment, noting \"the absence of published accounts for SAS RB CONSEILS, the absence of any reply to the formal notice, the payment of invoices by the clients without payment of the subcontractor it had used and the age of the invoices\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6851b3405dbd1b5d65c05f25\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TJ Paris, juge de l'ex\u00e9cution, 10 June 2025, No. 25\/80069<\/a>) (our translation). The measure does not remove the need to obtain a title afterwards: on pain of lapse, the creditor starts the procedure leading to it within one month following the carrying out of the measure (Article L. 511-4 of the same code; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044929356\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044929356\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 511-7 of the same code<\/a>). A protective attachment is useful where the debtor is solvent today but may not be tomorrow. It has a cost and may be challenged: the firm considers it where the elements of threat are present and the amount justifies it.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>The client has lodged an objection to the payment order: what happens?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An objection, lodged within one month of service (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1416 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>), suspends enforcement (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). It transforms the procedure: the court is seised of the creditor's initial claim and of the whole dispute (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200307\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044200307\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1413 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The Court of Cassation draws two consequences from this. First, \"the payment order, which is a decision only in the absence of an objection, could not take effect again\", so that the judgment given on the objection takes its place. Second, the creditor keeps the burden of proving its claim, and a court may not dismiss the debtor on the ground that it does not produce the invoice (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6abe4a44c27382d0995f6b75\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 1 October 2026, No. 24-22.040<\/a>) (our translation). For orders made since 1 September 2026, the creditor must also produce at the hearing the record of service or, failing service in person, one of the documents mentioned in the second paragraph of Article 1416, on pain of inadmissibility (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497789\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1418 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). Service does, however, benefit the creditor. The Court of Cassation holds that \"service of the payment order, which constitutes a summons, interrupts the limitation period for the claim and the time limit for bringing proceedings until the dispute is resolved\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69a9506ccdc6046d47947524\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 5 March 2026, No. 23-15.849<\/a>) (our translation). The firm therefore prepares the substantive file from the application onwards, as if an objection were to come.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1405 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">conditions for a payment order<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497783\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497783\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1411 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">service within three months<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006412571\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1416 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">one-month objection period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053497793\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">enforceable title after two months<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047539064\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000047539064\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 750-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">amicable attempt below \u20ac5,000<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053936531\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">small-claims procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935734\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000053935734\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 126-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">uncontested commercial debts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025026104\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000025026104\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 511-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">protective attachment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000027725867\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000027725867\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 110-4 of the Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">five-year limitation period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043197457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043197457\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article D. 441-5 of the Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">fixed indemnity of \u20ac40<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226897\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032226897\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 218-2 of the Consumer Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">two-year limitation period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035273\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035273\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1344-1 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">interest from formal notice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Business law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/debt-recovery-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Recovery of commercial debts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/bank-account-seizure-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Garnishment order<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/terms-of-sale-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">General terms of sale<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/consumer-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Consumer law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>An unpaid invoice to recover? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the invoice, the order and the exchanges with the client: the firm checks the evidence and the limitation period, then advises on the most economical route to an enforceable title.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a single unpaid invoice worth consulting a lawyer about?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The law does not require it for the first step: the application for a payment order may be lodged with the court registry by the creditor personally or by any representative (Article 1407 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The value of a lawyer lies elsewhere, in the choice of route and in the quality of the file put before the judge. The payment order judge rules only on the documents produced and may reject the application, with no means of challenge for the creditor, who must then proceed by the ordinary routes; if the judge upholds it only in part, the creditor chooses between serving the order for the sum allowed and renouncing service in order to proceed by those same routes (Article 1409 of the Code of Civil Procedure). A poorly documented application therefore wastes time and saves nothing. The firm begins with a preliminary review: it checks the evidence of the order and the price, the limitation period, the risk of a dispute and the client's solvency. It then advises whether a formal notice is enough, whether the small-claims procedure is available or whether an application is needed. For a small invoice, the answer may be that a well-constructed letter and a telephone reminder are worth more than a procedure. A formal notice depends on its content more than on its form. In a credit dispute, the Aix-en-Provence Court of Appeal held that \\\"it matters little that the formal notices in this case were not physically signed, since they fulfil that purpose\\\", provided that they stated the sum, the time allowed and the consequences of non-payment (CA Aix-en-Provence, ch. 1-8, 10 June 2026, No. 23\/02328) (our translation).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which route costs least for a small invoice?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Three routes can be compared. The first is amicable: a precise formal notice, which causes interest to run at the statutory rate without the creditor having to show any loss (Article 1344-1 of the Civil Code). The second is the simplified small-claims recovery procedure, conducted by a commissaire de justice for a contractual debt not exceeding \u20ac5,000 in principal and interest (Article R. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures). If the debtor accepts the amount and the payment terms, the commissaire de justice issues an enforceable title directly; the costs remain payable by the creditor (Article L. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures). The debtor's failure to reply within one month amounts to an implied refusal (Article R. 125-2 of the same code). The third route is the payment order: the application is examined without a hearing and the order, once served and not met by an objection, has the effects of an adversarial judgment (jugement contradictoire) (Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The firm compares these routes in light of the amount, the status of the debtor and its attitude. Where the client acknowledges the debt but asks for time, an agreement before a commissaire de justice gives a title without a judge. Where it no longer replies, the payment order remains in practice the most direct route.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What has changed for payment orders since 1 September 2026?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Decree No. 2026-96 of 16 February 2026 amended four articles of the Code of Civil Procedure devoted to payment orders. Its changes apply to orders made on or after 1 September 2026. First, an order not served within three months of its date is void, instead of six months previously (Article 1411 of the Code of Civil Procedure). Second, except before the commercial court, the court registry notifies the creditor of the objection lodged by the debtor within one month of receiving it (Article 1415 of the Code of Civil Procedure). In the event of an objection, the creditor must produce at the hearing the record of service or, if the order was not served in person, the first document served in person or the first enforcement measure making the assets unavailable, on pain of inadmissibility of its claims (Article 1418 of the Code of Civil Procedure). Finally, the order becomes an enforceable title only at the expiry of the objection period and of a period of two months following service; if no notice of objection or invitation to pay a deposit has been received within that period, the creditor may proceed to compulsory enforcement (Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure). In practice, the creditor must have the order served quickly, keep the record of service and wait two months before seizing assets. The one-month objection period has not changed, including its postponement where service was not made in person: it then runs from the first document served in person or, failing that, from the first enforcement measure making the debtor's assets unavailable (Article 1416 of the Code of Civil Procedure). An order made before 1 September 2026 remains subject to the former rules.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the procedure without a judge between traders already be used?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not yet as of 1 November 2026. Articles L. 126-1 to L. 126-5 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures have been in force since 25 April 2026, but the regulatory articles that organise the procedure, R. 126-1 et seq., come into force only on 31 December 2026. The procedure concerns a debt that has been invoiced between traders and is certain, liquidated and due. The commissaire de justice serves a formal demand to pay that describes the obligation, the amounts claimed and the one-month period for payment; a challenge by the debtor within that period ends the procedure, without depriving the creditor of the right to take legal action (Article L. 126-2). Failing full payment or a challenge, and no earlier than eight days after that period, the commissaire de justice draws up a record of non-contestation (Article L. 126-3). The clerk of the commercial court makes it enforceable after checking that the procedure was regular; it must be served within six months and the debtor may oppose it (Article L. 126-4). The costs are borne by the debtor (Article L. 126-5). For an uncontested invoice, this route will become an alternative to the payment order from the end of the year.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the small-claims procedure apply to an invoice between traders?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, not since 25 April 2026. Article L. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures now reserves the simplified small-claims recovery procedure for contractual or statutory debts that have not been invoiced between traders. For those, the legislature has created the procedure for recovering uncontested commercial debts, whose regulatory part will apply on 31 December 2026. Several pages still online present the small-claims procedure as open to any business: the rule has changed. It remains available where the creditor is a trader and the debtor is an individual, a liberal profession or an association, and where the creditor is not itself a trader. The ceiling remains \u20ac5,000 in principal and interest (Article R. 125-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures). The debtor's agreement, recorded by the commissaire de justice, suspends the limitation period; a refusal opens the way to court proceedings. A failure of this procedure also has a useful effect: it exempts the creditor from the prior attempt at conciliation required for claims not exceeding \u20ac5,000 (Article 750-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is my invoice enough to prove what the client owes me?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A person claiming performance of an obligation must prove it (Article 1353 of the Civil Code). The invoice establishes what the creditor claims; on its own it does not show that the service was ordered and performed at the stated price. Between traders, commercial acts may be proved by any means (Article L. 110-3 of the Commercial Code): purchase orders, emails, accepted quotations, delivery notes. On the basis of emails exchanged about a recruitment, the Paris Court of Appeal held that \\\"The existence of a contractual relationship with the company Fed is established, even though the company Devea did not sign the written contract submitted\\\" (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 18 January 2024, No. 21\/17724) (our translation). The client's silence does not carry the same weight: in a dispute over a change in the invoicing method, the Court of Cassation recalled that \\\"silence does not in itself amount to acceptance, unless particular circumstances allow it to be given that meaning\\\" (Cass. com., 26 February 2025, No. 23-21.063) (our translation). An invoice received without protest is therefore not, on its own, an acceptance of its amount. Where an objection is lodged against a payment order, the burden of proof remains intact: the Court of Cassation overturned a judgment given \\\"when it was for the company Suez eau France to establish that its claim was well founded, the court, which reversed the burden of proof, infringed the aforementioned provision\\\" (Cass. 2e civ., 1 October 2026, No. 24-22.040) (our translation). The file must therefore bring together the order, the performance and the price before any application.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When does the limitation period for an invoice start to run?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The period is in principle five years between traders or between traders and non-traders, unless a shorter special limitation period applies (Article L. 110-4 of the Commercial Code), and two years for an action by a professional against a consumer (Article L. 218-2 of the Consumer Code). Its starting point is the day on which the creditor knew, or should have known, the facts enabling it to act (Article 2224 of the Civil Code). Case law draws from this a consequence unfavourable to creditors who are slow to invoice. In a judgment dismissing an appeal, the Court of Cassation approved a court of appeal that had held a supplier's action time-barred, on the ground that \\\"the client's obligation to pay arises at the time the service ordered was performed\\\", \\\"whatever the date on which it had decided to issue its invoice\\\" (Cass. com., 26 February 2020, No. 18-25.036) (our translation). Against a consumer, the first civil chamber aligned its position and held that \\\"the date of knowledge of the facts that enables the professional to bring its action must therefore be taken into account, and this may be characterised by the completion of the works or the performance of the services\\\" (Cass. 1re civ., 19 May 2021, No. 20-12.520) (our translation); it nevertheless set aside that new principle in that case, so as not to deprive the professional of access to a court, and used the date of the invoice. Where the invoice itself sets a due date, the starting point may be that date, the Court having approved a judgment noting: \\\"Having thus held that the seller had itself fixed the due date of its invoice at 19 April 2013\\\" (Cass. com., 14 June 2023, No. 21-14.841) (our translation). The debtor's acknowledgement of the debt interrupts the limitation period (Article 2240 of the Civil Code), as does a court claim (Article 2241 of the Civil Code).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What interest and costs can be claimed on top of the amount of the invoice?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Against any debtor, damages for late payment consist of interest at the statutory rate from the formal notice (Article 1231-6 of the Civil Code). Interest due for a full year may itself bear interest if the contract or the judge so provides (Article 1343-2 of the Civil Code). Between professionals, Article L. 441-10 of the Commercial Code provides for late-payment penalties due on the day after the payment date, without any reminder, at the European Central Bank rate plus ten points, unless a contractual rate applies, which may not be lower than three times the statutory rate. It adds a fixed recovery-cost indemnity, set at \u20ac40 (Article D. 441-5 of the Commercial Code). The Paris Court of Appeal held that \\\"the fixed recovery-cost indemnity is due for each invoice paid late or unpaid\\\", and that \\\"the penalties due under the aforementioned statutory and regulatory provisions do not constitute a penalty clause\\\"; it awarded an interim payment in respect of 427 invoices (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1 ch. 2, 19 October 2023, No. 23\/03142) (our translation). In another case, it applied to the sums due the European Central Bank rate plus ten points (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 18 January 2024, No. 21\/17724). Costs above \u20ac40 may be claimed on proof. The creditor may not, however, rely on these indemnities where the opening of insolvency proceedings prevents payment of the debt on its due date (same Article L. 441-10).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should I do if the client disputes the quality of the work invoiced?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A dispute changes the route to follow. The urgent applications judge grants an interim payment only if the existence of the obligation is not seriously contestable (Article 835 of the Code of Civil Procedure; Article 873 of the same code before the commercial court). The Rouen Court of Appeal thus set aside an order requiring a project owner to pay an interim sum to the building contractor, holding that \\\"since the quality of the services performed by the Sas Logi habitat was disputed and an expert assessment had been ordered to determine the existence of defects, their origin and, where appropriate, the cost of remedying them, the obligation to pay the balance of the works was seriously contestable\\\" (CA Rouen, 1re ch. civ., 12 November 2025, No. 25\/00435) (our translation). That decision is unfavourable to the creditor: substantiated reservations or an ongoing expert assessment may amount to a serious dispute that blocks an interim payment, depending on their bearing on the sum claimed. The payment order remains possible, but an objection brings before the court the initial claim and the whole dispute (Article 1413 of the Code of Civil Procedure), with a full debate on the quality of the service. Where the dispute is genuine, a writ of summons on the merits, supported by the acceptance report, the exchanges approving the work and, if need be, a technical report, avoids an unnecessary step. The judge may also grant the debtor time to pay, up to a limit of two years (Article 1343-5 of the Civil Code). The firm examines the dispute before choosing: a late criticism, arising after acceptance without reservation, does not carry the same weight as a complaint made during performance.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must conciliation be attempted before going to court for less than \u20ac5,000?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Before the judicial court (tribunal judiciaire), where a claim seeks payment of a sum not exceeding \u20ac5,000, it must be preceded by an attempt at conciliation, mediation or a participatory procedure, on pain of inadmissibility, which the judge may raise of the court's own motion (Article 750-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The text provides for several exemptions. One concerns a legitimate reason arising from manifest urgency, from circumstances making such an attempt impossible or requiring a decision to be given without the other party being heard, or from the unavailability of court conciliators beyond three months. Another concerns the creditor who has unsuccessfully started the simplified small-claims recovery procedure. The question arises above all for a writ of summons for payment of a small invoice: without a prior attempt or a justified exemption, the claim may be declared inadmissible, which wastes months. This requirement is specific to the judicial court: it does not apply to a claim brought before the commercial court. The firm therefore checks, before any filing, which exemption can be relied on and how to substantiate it, or arranges the quickest amicable attempt. For a small invoice, starting with the small-claims procedure has a twofold advantage: a title without a judge if the debtor agrees, an exemption from conciliation if the debtor refuses.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the client's accounts be frozen before there is a judgment?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, on two conditions. A creditor whose claim appears well founded in principle may ask the judge for authorisation to take a protective measure over the debtor's assets, if it shows circumstances that may threaten recovery (Article L. 511-1 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures). Prior authorisation is not necessary where the creditor already holds an enforceable title or a decision that is not yet enforceable, or in the event of non-payment of a cheque, an accepted bill of exchange or a promissory note (Article L. 511-2 of the same code). For invoices, the threat is shown by specific facts. The Paris enforcement judge upheld a protective attachment, noting \\\"the absence of published accounts for SAS RB CONSEILS, the absence of any reply to the formal notice, the payment of invoices by the clients without payment of the subcontractor it had used and the age of the invoices\\\" (TJ Paris, juge de l'ex\u00e9cution, 10 June 2025, No. 25\/80069) (our translation). The measure does not remove the need to obtain a title afterwards: on pain of lapse, the creditor starts the procedure leading to it within one month following the carrying out of the measure (Article L. 511-4 of the same code; Article R. 511-7 of the same code). A protective attachment is useful where the debtor is solvent today but may not be tomorrow. It has a cost and may be challenged: the firm considers it where the elements of threat are present and the amount justifies it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"The client has lodged an objection to the payment order: what happens?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An objection, lodged within one month of service (Article 1416 of the Code of Civil Procedure), suspends enforcement (Article 1422 of the Code of Civil Procedure). It transforms the procedure: the court is seised of the creditor's initial claim and of the whole dispute (Article 1413 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The Court of Cassation draws two consequences from this. First, \\\"the payment order, which is a decision only in the absence of an objection, could not take effect again\\\", so that the judgment given on the objection takes its place. Second, the creditor keeps the burden of proving its claim, and a court may not dismiss the debtor on the ground that it does not produce the invoice (Cass. 2e civ., 1 October 2026, No. 24-22.040) (our translation). For orders made since 1 September 2026, the creditor must also produce at the hearing the record of service or, failing service in person, one of the documents mentioned in the second paragraph of Article 1416, on pain of inadmissibility (Article 1418 of the Code of Civil Procedure). Service does, however, benefit the creditor. The Court of Cassation holds that \\\"service of the payment order, which constitutes a summons, interrupts the limitation period for the claim and the time limit for bringing proceedings until the dispute is resolved\\\" (Cass. 2e civ., 5 March 2026, No. 23-15.849) (our translation). The firm therefore prepares the substantive file from the application onwards, as if an objection were to come.\"}}]}<\/script><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Unpaid invoice lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/unpaid-invoice-lawyer-paris\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"The Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": \"Mo-Su 00:00-24:00\"}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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A client who does not pay, reminders left unanswered, a small sum or the balance of a building job: an unpaid invoice lawyer in Paris looks for [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157182,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161271","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Unpaid Invoice Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Unpaid invoice lawyer in Paris: the firm checks your evidence and picks the cheapest route to an enforceable title. 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