{"id":2161243,"date":"2026-11-01T23:11:41","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161243"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:47:23","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:47:23","slug":"audiovisual-law-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/audiovisual-law-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Audiovisual law lawyer in Paris: securing the producer&#8217;s rights, from the author&#8217;s contract to the platform"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161243\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161243 elementor-2160669\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-droit-audiovisuel-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Producers of films, series and documentaries: contracts, chain of rights, platforms<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\">Audiovisual law <em>lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> securing the producer's rights, from the author's contract to the platform.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Option on a novel, contracts with screenwriters, the director, the composer and actors, co-production, pre-sale, sale to a video-on-demand service: the producer must be able to prove that they hold every right they exploit or sell. As an audiovisual law lawyer in Paris, the firm examines the chain of rights and the obligations that weigh on the producer after release.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">A buyer, a co-producer or a platform asks for proof of your rights, or an author demands accounts: gather the signed contracts, amendments and revenue statements before replying.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Audiovisual law \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the contracts with authors and performers, any option, the co-production agreement and the broadcaster's draft contract: the firm checks what you hold and what is missing.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. Your data is used only to process your request. <a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\">Privacy policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/form>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-press knp\">\n<style>\n    .kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:132s}@media (max-width:600px){.kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:96s}}\n    .knp .knp__piste:hover ul.knp__ruban,.knp.knp--ouvert ul.knp__ruban{animation-play-state:paused}\n    .knp .knp__piste:has(button:focus-visible) ul.knp__ruban{animation:none}\n    .knp button.knp__logo{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:100%;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .2s ease}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:hover{transform:scale(1.05)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:active{transform:scale(.97)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:focus-visible{outline:2px solid 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r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">Watch the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n        <div class=\"knp__piste\"><ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Audiovisual law lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Audiovisual production: <em>what the producer must be able to prove<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Intellectual property \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What an <em>audiovisual law lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Intellectual property<\/li><li>Audiovisual production and broadcasting<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, avocat at the Paris Bar, may act in intellectual property for production companies making films, series, documentaries and programmes for television channels and platforms.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Audiovisual law is viewed here from the producer's position. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">French Intellectual Property Code (Code de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle)<\/a> defines the producer as the person who takes the initiative and responsibility for making the work. The contract between the producer and the authors other than the composer in principle entails an assignment of the exclusive exploitation rights, unless the contract provides otherwise and subject to the reservations of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-24<\/a>, but the law also imposes obligations on the producer regarding remuneration, rendering of accounts and continuous exploitation.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm checks the contracts on which the producer's rights are founded, drafts or reviews those the producer must conclude, and analyses disputes raised by an author, a performer, a co-producer or an acquirer. This page does not cover the regulation of television channels or the investment obligations of platforms, which fall under other texts.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The chain of rights<\/h3><p>Each presumed co-author, each actor and each pre-existing element must be covered by a written contract whose scope of exploitation matches the sales envisaged.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Remuneration of authors<\/h3><p>Proportional remuneration for each mode of exploitation, on a defined basis, protects the contract against a claim of nullity.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Obligations after release<\/h3><p>Annual revenue statements, continuous exploitation, informing the co-authors one month before the contract is assigned to a third party: overlooking them weakens the producer's position.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Production contracts: <em>the rules on which the producer's rights are founded<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Five rules structure the relationship between the producer, the authors and the performers.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>The producer is the natural or legal person who takes the initiative and responsibility for making the work (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-23 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The Paris judicial court states: \u201cThe producer is the person who, beyond mere financing, plays the role of impetus, direction and coordination\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69dfdf70cdc6046d475df9fa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TJ Paris, 3rd ch. 3rd sect., 15 April 2026, No. 22\/11783<\/a>) (our translation). In that case, the director who had alone financed the filming equipment and directed the project rebutted the presumption drawn from the poster, which named an association, and was held entitled to present himself as the producer.<\/li>\n  <li>The following are presumed co-authors, unless proven otherwise: the author of the screenplay, of the adaptation, of the spoken text, of the specially composed music, and the director (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278887\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278887\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 113-7<\/a>). The contract between the producer and these authors, the composer excepted, entails an assignment of the exclusive exploitation rights, unless the contract provides otherwise (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-24<\/a>). Audiovisual production contracts must be evidenced in writing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-2<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Authors' remuneration is due for each mode of exploitation and, where the public pays a price to see a given work, it is proportional to that price (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859631\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-25<\/a>). The assignment must provide for appropriate and proportional remuneration, lump-sum remuneration being allowed only in the cases listed in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049579339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049579339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-4<\/a>.<\/li>\n  <li>The producer provides each author, at least once a year, with a statement of revenue for each mode of exploitation and must inform the co-authors at least one month before any assignment to a third party of the benefit of the audiovisual production contract (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-28<\/a>). The producer must seek continuous exploitation of the work, in accordance with the practices of the profession (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033688073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033688073\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-27<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The signing of the contract between a performer and a producer for the making of an audiovisual work amounts to authorisation to record, reproduce and communicate the performance to the public, with separate remuneration for each mode of exploitation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859376\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859376\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 212-4<\/a>). Where the producer had the initiative and responsibility for the first fixation of the images, the producer also holds, as a video recording producer, a neighbouring right in that fixation, rushes included (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279060\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 215-1<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The presumption of assignment does not remove the need for a written and precise contract: this is the document that the acquirer, the co-producer or the platform will ask for, and its remuneration clause is the first thing an author will challenge.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, depending on <em>your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The review covers signed contracts, not intentions or exchanges in principle.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You produce or co-produce the work<\/p><ul><li>Option and assignment contract for the adaptation rights, with its extension amendments and payment receipts<\/li><li>Contracts signed by the screenwriter, the adapter, the dialogue writer, the composer and the director<\/li><li>Contracts of the actors and musicians, music licences, archive material and extracts used<\/li><li>Co-production agreement, pre-sale, distribution mandate and the video-on-demand service's draft contract<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are buying a film, a catalogue or rights<\/p><ul><li>List of works, contracts with authors and performers supplied by the seller, warranties given<\/li><li>Deed of assignment, order of the supervisory judge (juge-commissaire) and evidence that the authors were informed, if the seller is in insolvency proceedings<\/li><li>Revenue statements sent to the authors and proof of payment of remuneration<\/li><li>Licences granted to third parties, territories, terms, exclusivities and windows already sold<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not sign a sale or licence agreement that warrants ownership of all the rights before matching each warranty to a signed contract: a warranty without supporting documents binds the producer towards the buyer.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Copyright law<\/li><li>Music law<\/li><li>Trade mark and title law<\/li><li>Distribution agreements<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Establish what the producer holds, correct what is missing, then negotiate or defend.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Inventory of the chain of rights<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm matches each presumed contributor, each actor and each pre-existing element to the relevant contract, then lists the documents that are missing or incomplete.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Review of sensitive clauses<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Scope of exploitation, remuneration by mode, basis of net receipts, retention of materials, final version: each clause is compared with the mandatory rules of the Code.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Amendments and negotiation<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm prepares rectifying amendments, reviews co-production, pre-sale or licence agreements, and quantifies the obligations that the buyer or the platform wants to transfer to the producer.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Responding to a dispute<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Request for accounts, nullity of a clause, termination, infringement or contested assignment: the firm checks the limitation period, proof of payment and the standing of each party before replying.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>An amendment signed before the sale can limit the acquirer's reservations and the price renegotiations that a missing document prompts.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The life of the rights <em>in an audiovisual work<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From development to exploitation, each stage leaves a document that the acquirer will ask for.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Development<\/p><p><strong>Before writing.<\/strong> Option on the pre-existing work, with a term, an exercise price and an expiry date that can be verified.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Writing<\/p><p>Contracts with screenwriters and adapters, signed before the texts are delivered, with a defined scope of exploitation.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Preparation and filming<\/p><p>Contracts with the director, actors and musicians, authorisations from the people filmed and for private locations.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Editing and delivery<\/p><p>Final version agreed with the director, list of materials retained, licences for music and archive material.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Sales<\/p><p>Pre-sale, co-production, distribution mandate, licence to a channel or a platform, in compliance with exploitation windows.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Exploitation<\/p><p>Annual revenue statements to the authors, viewing information received from platforms, informing the co-authors at least one month before any assignment to a third party of the benefit of the production contract.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before a sale or a dispute<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A warranty of ownership is only as good as the contracts that support it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Producer status: initiative, financial and artistic responsibility, credits and contracts concluded in the company's name.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Coverage of each presumed co-author and of the composer by a written contract, with the modes of exploitation actually sold.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Remuneration clause: percentage per mode, defined basis, guaranteed minimum distinguished from proportional remuneration.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Performance of obligations after release: revenue statements, payments, informing the co-authors one month before the contract is assigned to a third party.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Origin of the rights acquired: assignment work by work, information given to authors and co-producers if the seller was in insolvency proceedings.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The producer's common situations and the first priority in each.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>A platform asks for the chain of rights<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Signed contracts of each presumed co-author and of the actors, music and archive licences.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before the licence agreement and its warranties are signed.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Inventory, rectifying amendments and drafting of warranties limited to the rights that can be proven.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>An author demands accounts<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Revenue statements sent, proof of payment, assignment contracts with third parties.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Repeated failures over several years may justify termination for breach.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Reconstruct the accounts by mode of exploitation and regularise before any formal notice.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>An author challenges their remuneration clause<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Contract, definition of the basis, breakdown by mode of exploitation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Five years from the facts that were known or should have been known (Article 2224 of the French Civil Code); for the nullity of the clause, the Paris judicial court ran this period from signature, contract by contract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Analyse the risk of nullity and propose an amendment compliant with Articles L. 131-4 and L. 132-25.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>An actor objects to a new exploitation<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Signed contract or attendance sheet, purpose of the recording, remuneration provided for.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before release on the new service.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Check the authorisation under Article L. 212-4 and the remuneration due for that mode of exploitation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>The option on a novel is about to expire<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Option agreement, amendments, signature dates, extension invoices.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The option must be exercised before the agreed expiry date.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Exercise the option within the period or negotiate a written extension before expiry.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Buying a catalogue in liquidation<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Deed of assignment, order of the supervisory judge, registered letters to authors and co-producers.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The authors must be notified one month before the assignment decision.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Require a separate lot for each work and proof that the authors were informed before paying.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>audiovisual law and production<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">12 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Who is the producer of an audiovisual work?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The producer is the natural or legal person who takes the initiative and responsibility for making the work, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-23 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>. Financing alone is not enough. In a judgment of 15 April 2026, the Paris judicial court held that \u201cThe producer is the person who, beyond mere financing, plays the role of impetus, direction and coordination\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69dfdf70cdc6046d475df9fa\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TJ Paris, 3rd ch. 3rd sect., 15 April 2026, No. 22\/11783<\/a>) (our translation), and that the producer is vested with financial, commercial and artistic responsibilities. The court first recognised a presumption of producer status in favour of the association whose name appeared on the poster and at the start of the film. It held that presumption rebutted by the director's documents, which showed that he had alone financed the filming equipment, written the screenplay, directed the shoot and sought financing for post-production. The director nonetheless lost his case: he was declared inadmissible to sue in respect of the economic rights in the feature film for having failed to join the authors of the music, and his infringement claims were dismissed. For a production company, the lesson is twofold: what the poster and the credits say counts only until proven otherwise, and the contracts with authors, actors, technicians and financiers must be concluded in its name, with the credits matching that reality. Where a project was run through an association, an author-director or a sister company, the firm checks who actually incurred the expenses and signed the contracts before any sale.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the producer hold the authors' rights without a detailed assignment contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The contract between the producer and the authors of an audiovisual work, other than the composer, entails an assignment of the exclusive exploitation rights, unless the contract provides otherwise (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-24<\/a>). This presumption has real scope. In a judgment of 11 March 2020, the Court of Cassation approved a court of appeal that had held that, in order to contribute their rights to a collective management organisation, \u201cthe authors of these formats must not, at the time of joining, have already divested themselves of this right in favour of the producer\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca5a55233bb73181f375d7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 11 March 2020, No. 19-11.532<\/a>) (our translation). The organisation, which did not prove any contrary clause, was declared inadmissible. The presumption does not settle everything, however. Audiovisual production contracts must be evidenced in writing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-2<\/a>), and remuneration remains due for each mode of exploitation. A buyer or a platform will not be content with a presumption: it will want to see the signed contract of each presumed co-author. The firm therefore recommends treating the presumption as a safety net in the event of a dispute, not as a substitute for the contract.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the composer of the original music covered by the presumption of assignment?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-24<\/a> expressly excludes the author of the musical composition, with or without lyrics, from the presumption of assignment to the producer. The contract concluded with the composer must therefore itself provide for the rights assigned, the modes of exploitation and the remuneration, and it cannot deprive the composer, for exploitation in France, of the protection of Articles L. 131-4, L. 131-5 and L. 132-28, whatever law is chosen. A separate question is whether the composer is a co-author of the work. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278887\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278887\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 113-7<\/a> presumes the composer a co-author where the music was specially created for the work, but that presumption falls away in the face of proof to the contrary. In a judgment of 29 March 2023, the Court of Cassation recalled that \u201cA collaborative work is characterised by concerted participation and a shared inspiration\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6423d6e978684f04f5813f9d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 29 March 2023, No. 22-13.809<\/a>) (our translation). The composer, who had worked alone on the final version of a film commissioned without music, was not recognised as a co-author and the infringement action was dismissed. This reasoning remains fact-specific: the producer must keep the commission, the dates and the exchanges showing how the music was integrated.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How should the authors' remuneration clause be drafted so as not to expose the contract to nullity?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The assignment must provide for remuneration that is appropriate and proportional to receipts, lump-sum remuneration being allowed only in the limited cases of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049579339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049579339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-4<\/a>. In audiovisual matters, remuneration is due for each mode of exploitation and, where the public pays a price for a given work, it is proportional to that price (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859631\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-25<\/a>). A judgment of the Paris judicial court of 21 May 2025, unfavourable to the producer, shows the risk. A director's contracts based part of his remuneration on the producer's share of net receipts and referred, in one paragraph, to exploitation of the film by all other modes and processes, with no further detail. The court held the reference to the producer's share of net receipts contrary to Article L. 132-25, since the producer had not shown that it was impossible to know the public price excluding tax, and held the general formula to be indeterminate, then held that \u201cSince the remuneration clauses were substantial in the contracts at issue, the nullity of those clauses entails the nullity of the contracts\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/682e1ac700b5200436330393\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TJ Paris, 3rd ch. 3rd sect., 21 May 2025, No. 23\/08207<\/a>) (our translation). Two contracts were annulled. The claim relating to a third contract was declared time-barred, the period running, according to the court, from signature, but that contract was terminated by operation of its termination clause, the rendering of accounts having been found imprecise and incomplete. A safer clause distinguishes theatrical, television, video, pay-per-view video on demand and subscription video on demand, uses the price paid by the public excluding tax where it can be known, and reserves a different basis for cases where the producer can show that it cannot. The firm reviews these clauses before any sale of the film, while rectification by amendment is still possible.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What accounts must the producer render to the authors, and what is the risk of delay?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The producer provides the author and co-authors, at least once a year, with a statement of revenue for each mode of exploitation and, at their request, any supporting evidence, including a copy of the contracts concluded with third parties (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-28<\/a>). A failure to do so may ground a claim for termination. Concerning a commissioning and publishing contract for film music, governed by Articles L. 132-12 and L. 132-13, the Court of Cassation held on 5 June 2024 that \u201cprolonged breaches by the publisher of its obligations during the five years preceding the summons may justify termination of a contract concluded with the author\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/66615159bbc6ae00084dd4b5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 5 June 2024, No. 22-24.462<\/a>) (our translation). It set aside, to the publisher's detriment, the judgment that had declared the composer's claim time-barred. There is a limit for a joint work. The Bordeaux court of appeal held on 18 November 2025 that \u201cThe termination clause, which allows automatic termination of the contract in the event of a breach, does not derogate from the rule of unanimity for acts liable to affect the exploitation of the joint work\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691d8d5502bad2f30af521bc\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Bordeaux, 1st civ. ch., 18 November 2025, No. 25\/01622<\/a>) (our translation). The claimant co-author therefore could not alone obtain a halt to the exploitation, but the producer was ordered to pay additional royalties. The firm helps the producer reconstruct usable accounts before the claim becomes proceedings.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is an actor's contract enough to exploit the film on a platform?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The signing of the contract concluded between a performer and a producer for the making of an audiovisual work amounts to authorisation to record, reproduce and communicate the performance to the public (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859376\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859376\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 212-4<\/a>). On 16 February 2018, the plenary assembly of the Court of Cassation applied this provision to musicians who had signed an attendance sheet stating that the recording would be used for a television work. It approved the court of appeal for having deduced that \u201cthe INA did not have to seek a new authorisation for the exploitation of this work in a new form\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca9b727dee8290d47e8911\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. ass. pl\u00e9n., 16 February 2018, No. 16-14.292<\/a>) (our translation). The decision favours the producer and its successors in title, but it presupposes a signed document that identifies the work and the purpose of the recording. The same article requires separate remuneration for each mode of exploitation. Where neither the contract nor a collective agreement provides for it, it is set by reference to the scales of specific sector agreements (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859370\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859370\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 212-5<\/a>). Before release on a video-on-demand service, the firm therefore checks that each actor's contract exists, that it covers the work in question, and that remuneration for that mode is provided for or can be determined.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who owns the rushes and the offcuts?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The video recording producer is the person who has the initiative and responsibility for the first fixation of a sequence of images, and their authorisation is required before any reproduction or communication to the public (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279060\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 215-1<\/a>). The Court of Cassation applied this to unedited footage in a judgment of 16 June 2021, holding that \u201cthe video recording producer holds the right to authorise the reproduction, making available or communication to the public of unedited filming takes, or rushes, for which they had the initiative and responsibility for the first fixation\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/60c993fe7c5a5b81c05bdfc3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 16 June 2021, No. 19-21.663<\/a>) (our translation). It set aside the judgment that had declared the producer inadmissible for not having obtained the director's agreement, even though the contract provided for reciprocal authorisation for the exploitation of those rushes. The decision protects the producer against a third party who reuses filming footage, for example for another documentary or for training. It does not settle the rights of the authors and of the people filmed in that footage, which remain to be checked. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-24<\/a> also requires the production contract to list the materials retained and the arrangements for retaining them. The firm advises expressly covering rushes, separate sound tracks and intermediate versions in it.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should be checked before exercising an option on the adaptation rights in a novel?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Assignments of audiovisual adaptation rights must be made by written contract, in a document separate from the publishing contract for the book, and the assignee undertakes to seek exploitation and to pay proportional remuneration in the event of adaptation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-3<\/a>). The option contract sets the period during which the producer may exercise this right and the exercise price. The expiry date must be certain. In a judgment of 15 February 2023, unfavourable to the producer, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/63edd7fd865b2505dee64df6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris court of appeal<\/a> held that a production company had let the renewed option expire, then claimed to exercise it several weeks later with no payment and no financed project. It upheld the prohibition ordered at first instance and ordered the company to pay damages to the publisher on account of its late and bad-faith challenge. The firm therefore checks the starting point of each extension, the signature of all parties to the amendment, the publisher's chain of rights in the adaptation, and the effective date for exercise.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can the sharing of revenue in a co-production agreement be secured?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The sharing of revenue between co-producers rests first on their contract, which must name the delegated producer, define its powers and describe each share of revenue by mode of exploitation. Imprecise drafting is paid for at the time of sale. In the case decided by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/652a309c7ed1ea8318112538\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris court of appeal on 13 October 2023<\/a>, a co-producer claimed from the delegated producer a guaranteed minimum of one million euros on the sale of the film to a terrestrial television channel. The court of first instance had ordered the delegated producer to pay. The court of appeal interpreted the clause by reference to its title and its overall commercial purpose, held that this minimum presupposed an actual sale, and dismissed the co-producer's claim on this point, while upholding another order for one hundred thousand euros. The decision shows that a guaranteed minimum must say whether it is due in every case or only if exploitation takes place. The firm also reviews the order of recoupment of contributions, the rendering of accounts between co-producers, the decisions requiring joint agreement and the fate of the rights if one of them defaults.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What information must the producer obtain from a video-on-demand platform?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The contract authorising the communication of a work on an on-demand audiovisual media service must provide for the transmission to the assignor of the number of downloads, consultations or views, at least once a year (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043497498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043497498\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-28-1<\/a>). This obligation is distinct from that of the producer, who must send its authors a statement of revenue for each mode of exploitation under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-28<\/a>. In practice, a licence agreement providing a lump-sum price with no breakdown may complicate the allocation of revenue by mode that the producer must present to its authors. For a cinematographic work, the rights acquisition contract must also set the period after which the work may be made available, and a professional agreement may impose it on the signatories (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020908515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020908515\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 232-1 of the French Cinema and Moving Image Code<\/a>). The firm therefore reviews the platform's contract, checking the term, territory, exclusivity, the date on which rights open, audience reports and the allocation of ownership warranties between the producer and the service.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens to the rights in a film when the production company is in liquidation?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The safeguard proceedings or judicial reorganisation of the producer does not terminate the audiovisual production contract (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279011\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 132-30<\/a>). In the event of a sale of the business or liquidation, a separate lot must be drawn up for each work, and each author and co-producer must be notified by registered letter, on pain of nullity, one month before the decision. The authors have a right of pre-emption, unless a co-producer comes forward as acquirer. The acquirer is bound by the assignor's obligations, and the authors may request termination of the production contract when liquidation is ordered or when activity has ceased for more than three months. An acquirer who neglects these rules takes a real risk. In a judgment of 8 October 2025, the Paris court of appeal recalled that \u201cThe authorisation given by the supervisory judge to the liquidator of television companies to assign rights relating to films cannot have the effect of setting aside the mandatory rules of Article L. 132-30 of the Intellectual Property Code\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68e894a4d8f6cc6d55dd3f74\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 8 October 2025, No. 24\/11279<\/a>) (our translation). In the absence of proof that the authors had been informed, and given a global assignment of the catalogue, the company that exploited the videos online did not establish its neighbouring rights as producer: all its claims were dismissed. Before buying a film or a catalogue, the firm asks for the order of the supervisory judge, the list of lots and proof of the notifications.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the director object to a new edit intended for a platform?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The audiovisual work is deemed complete when the final version has been established by common agreement between the director, or the co-authors, and the producer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278895\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278895\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 121-5<\/a>). Any later modification of that version, by addition, deletion or change of an element, requires the agreement of the same persons, and the master of the final version may not be destroyed. The same article requires the director to be consulted before any transfer of the work to another type of medium with a view to another mode of exploitation. A shortened version for online broadcast, a new division into episodes or the removal of a scene for a territory therefore cannot be decided by the producer alone. The contract may organise the consultation procedure and the derivative versions provided for from the outset, but the presumption of assignment in Article L. 132-24 expressly reserves the rights that the author holds under Article L. 121-5. The firm advises listing, before the sale, the versions the buyer requires and obtaining the director's written agreement to each, with a precise description of the changes.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279001\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 132-23 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">definition of the producer of the audiovisual work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278887\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278887\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 113-7 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">presumed co-authors of the audiovisual work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043499641\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 132-24 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">presumption of assignment to the producer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 131-2 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">requirement of a written contract<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 131-3 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">delimitation of the rights assigned and audiovisual adaptation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049579339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000049579339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 131-4 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">proportional remuneration and lump-sum exceptions<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859631\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859631\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 132-25 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">remuneration by mode of exploitation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033688073\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000033688073\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 132-27 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">continuous exploitation of the work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859639\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 132-28 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">annual revenue statement and information of co-authors<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043497498\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043497498\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 132-28-1 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">viewing data from on-demand services<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279011\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 132-30 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">insolvency proceedings of the producer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278895\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278895\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 121-5 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">final version of the work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859376\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859376\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 212-4 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">performer's contract<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859370\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032859370\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 212-5 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">remuneration of performers by scales<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279060\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279060\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 215-1 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">neighbouring right of the video recording producer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017112\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 2224 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">five-year limitation period<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020908515\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020908515\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 232-1 of the French Cinema and Moving Image Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">time limit for video-on-demand exploitation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/intellectual-property-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Intellectual property<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/copyright-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Copyright law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/music-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Music law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/trademark-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Trade mark law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A sale, a co-production or an author's claim to prepare for? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the contracts with authors and performers, the co-production agreement and the buyer's draft contract: the firm sets out what you hold, what is missing and the order in which to regularise.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who is the producer of an audiovisual work?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The producer is the natural or legal person who takes the initiative and responsibility for making the work, under Article L. 132-23 of the French Intellectual Property Code. Financing alone is not enough. In a judgment of 15 April 2026, the Paris judicial court held that \u201cThe producer is the person who, beyond mere financing, plays the role of impetus, direction and coordination\u201d (TJ Paris, 3rd ch. 3rd sect., 15 April 2026, No. 22\/11783) (our translation), and that the producer is vested with financial, commercial and artistic responsibilities. The court first recognised a presumption of producer status in favour of the association whose name appeared on the poster and at the start of the film. It held that presumption rebutted by the director's documents, which showed that he had alone financed the filming equipment, written the screenplay, directed the shoot and sought financing for post-production. The director nonetheless lost his case: he was declared inadmissible to sue in respect of the economic rights in the feature film for having failed to join the authors of the music, and his infringement claims were dismissed. For a production company, the lesson is twofold: what the poster and the credits say counts only until proven otherwise, and the contracts with authors, actors, technicians and financiers must be concluded in its name, with the credits matching that reality. Where a project was run through an association, an author-director or a sister company, the firm checks who actually incurred the expenses and signed the contracts before any sale.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the producer hold the authors' rights without a detailed assignment contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The contract between the producer and the authors of an audiovisual work, other than the composer, entails an assignment of the exclusive exploitation rights, unless the contract provides otherwise (Article L. 132-24). This presumption has real scope. In a judgment of 11 March 2020, the Court of Cassation approved a court of appeal that had held that, in order to contribute their rights to a collective management organisation, \u201cthe authors of these formats must not, at the time of joining, have already divested themselves of this right in favour of the producer\u201d (Cass. 1re civ., 11 March 2020, No. 19-11.532) (our translation). The organisation, which did not prove any contrary clause, was declared inadmissible. The presumption does not settle everything, however. Audiovisual production contracts must be evidenced in writing (Article L. 131-2), and remuneration remains due for each mode of exploitation. A buyer or a platform will not be content with a presumption: it will want to see the signed contract of each presumed co-author. The firm therefore recommends treating the presumption as a safety net in the event of a dispute, not as a substitute for the contract.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the composer of the original music covered by the presumption of assignment?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Article L. 132-24 expressly excludes the author of the musical composition, with or without lyrics, from the presumption of assignment to the producer. The contract concluded with the composer must therefore itself provide for the rights assigned, the modes of exploitation and the remuneration, and it cannot deprive the composer, for exploitation in France, of the protection of Articles L. 131-4, L. 131-5 and L. 132-28, whatever law is chosen. A separate question is whether the composer is a co-author of the work. Article L. 113-7 presumes the composer a co-author where the music was specially created for the work, but that presumption falls away in the face of proof to the contrary. In a judgment of 29 March 2023, the Court of Cassation recalled that \u201cA collaborative work is characterised by concerted participation and a shared inspiration\u201d (Cass. 1re civ., 29 March 2023, No. 22-13.809) (our translation). The composer, who had worked alone on the final version of a film commissioned without music, was not recognised as a co-author and the infringement action was dismissed. This reasoning remains fact-specific: the producer must keep the commission, the dates and the exchanges showing how the music was integrated.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How should the authors' remuneration clause be drafted so as not to expose the contract to nullity?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The assignment must provide for remuneration that is appropriate and proportional to receipts, lump-sum remuneration being allowed only in the limited cases of Article L. 131-4. In audiovisual matters, remuneration is due for each mode of exploitation and, where the public pays a price for a given work, it is proportional to that price (Article L. 132-25). A judgment of the Paris judicial court of 21 May 2025, unfavourable to the producer, shows the risk. A director's contracts based part of his remuneration on the producer's share of net receipts and referred, in one paragraph, to exploitation of the film by all other modes and processes, with no further detail. The court held the reference to the producer's share of net receipts contrary to Article L. 132-25, since the producer had not shown that it was impossible to know the public price excluding tax, and held the general formula to be indeterminate, then held that \u201cSince the remuneration clauses were substantial in the contracts at issue, the nullity of those clauses entails the nullity of the contracts\u201d (TJ Paris, 3rd ch. 3rd sect., 21 May 2025, No. 23\/08207) (our translation). Two contracts were annulled. The claim relating to a third contract was declared time-barred, the period running, according to the court, from signature, but that contract was terminated by operation of its termination clause (clause r\u00e9solutoire), the rendering of accounts having been found imprecise and incomplete. A safer clause distinguishes theatrical, television, video, pay-per-view video on demand and subscription video on demand, uses the price paid by the public excluding tax where it can be known, and reserves a different basis for cases where the producer can show that it cannot. The firm reviews these clauses before any sale of the film, while rectification by amendment is still possible.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What accounts must the producer render to the authors, and what is the risk of delay?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The producer provides the author and co-authors, at least once a year, with a statement of revenue for each mode of exploitation and, at their request, any supporting evidence, including a copy of the contracts concluded with third parties (Article L. 132-28). A failure to do so may ground a claim for termination. Concerning a commissioning and publishing contract for film music, governed by Articles L. 132-12 and L. 132-13, the Court of Cassation held on 5 June 2024 that \u201cprolonged breaches by the publisher of its obligations during the five years preceding the summons may justify termination of a contract concluded with the author\u201d (Cass. 1re civ., 5 June 2024, No. 22-24.462) (our translation). It set aside, to the publisher's detriment, the judgment that had declared the composer's claim time-barred. There is a limit for a joint work. The Bordeaux court of appeal held on 18 November 2025 that \u201cThe termination clause, which allows automatic termination of the contract in the event of a breach, does not derogate from the rule of unanimity for acts liable to affect the exploitation of the joint work\u201d (CA Bordeaux, 1st civ. ch., 18 November 2025, No. 25\/01622) (our translation). The claimant co-author therefore could not alone obtain a halt to the exploitation, but the producer was ordered to pay additional royalties. The firm helps the producer reconstruct usable accounts before the claim becomes proceedings.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is an actor's contract enough to exploit the film on a platform?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The signing of the contract concluded between a performer and a producer for the making of an audiovisual work amounts to authorisation to record, reproduce and communicate the performance to the public (Article L. 212-4). On 16 February 2018, the plenary assembly of the Court of Cassation applied this provision to musicians who had signed an attendance sheet stating that the recording would be used for a television work. It approved the court of appeal for having deduced that \u201cthe INA did not have to seek a new authorisation for the exploitation of this work in a new form\u201d (Cass. ass. pl\u00e9n., 16 February 2018, No. 16-14.292) (our translation). The decision favours the producer and its successors in title, but it presupposes a signed document that identifies the work and the purpose of the recording. The same article requires separate remuneration for each mode of exploitation. Where neither the contract nor a collective agreement provides for it, it is set by reference to the scales of specific sector agreements (Article L. 212-5). Before release on a video-on-demand service, the firm therefore checks that each actor's contract exists, that it covers the work in question, and that remuneration for that mode is provided for or can be determined.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owns the rushes and the offcuts?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The video recording producer is the person who has the initiative and responsibility for the first fixation of a sequence of images, and their authorisation is required before any reproduction or communication to the public (Article L. 215-1). The Court of Cassation applied this to unedited footage in a judgment of 16 June 2021, holding that \u201cthe video recording producer holds the right to authorise the reproduction, making available or communication to the public of unedited filming takes, or rushes, for which they had the initiative and responsibility for the first fixation\u201d (Cass. 1re civ., 16 June 2021, No. 19-21.663) (our translation). It set aside the judgment that had declared the producer inadmissible for not having obtained the director's agreement, even though the contract provided for reciprocal authorisation for the exploitation of those rushes. The decision protects the producer against a third party who reuses filming footage, for example for another documentary or for training. It does not settle the rights of the authors and of the people filmed in that footage, which remain to be checked. Article L. 132-24 also requires the production contract to list the materials retained and the arrangements for retaining them. The firm advises expressly covering rushes, separate sound tracks and intermediate versions in it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should be checked before exercising an option on the adaptation rights in a novel?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Assignments of audiovisual adaptation rights must be made by written contract, in a document separate from the publishing contract for the book, and the assignee undertakes to seek exploitation and to pay proportional remuneration in the event of adaptation (Article L. 131-3). The option contract sets the period during which the producer may exercise this right and the exercise price. The expiry date must be certain. In a judgment of 15 February 2023, unfavourable to the producer, the Paris court of appeal held that a production company had let the renewed option expire, then claimed to exercise it several weeks later with no payment and no financed project. It upheld the prohibition ordered at first instance and ordered the company to pay damages to the publisher on account of its late and bad-faith challenge. The firm therefore checks the starting point of each extension, the signature of all parties to the amendment, the publisher's chain of rights in the adaptation, and the effective date for exercise.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can the sharing of revenue in a co-production agreement be secured?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The sharing of revenue between co-producers rests first on their contract, which must name the delegated producer, define its powers and describe each share of revenue by mode of exploitation. Imprecise drafting is paid for at the time of sale. In the case decided by the Paris court of appeal on 13 October 2023, a co-producer claimed from the delegated producer a guaranteed minimum of one million euros on the sale of the film to a terrestrial television channel. The court of first instance had ordered the delegated producer to pay. The court of appeal interpreted the clause by reference to its title and its overall commercial purpose, held that this minimum presupposed an actual sale, and dismissed the co-producer's claim on this point, while upholding another order for one hundred thousand euros. The decision shows that a guaranteed minimum must say whether it is due in every case or only if exploitation takes place. The firm also reviews the order of recoupment of contributions, the rendering of accounts between co-producers, the decisions requiring joint agreement and the fate of the rights if one of them defaults.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What information must the producer obtain from a video-on-demand platform?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The contract authorising the communication of a work on an on-demand audiovisual media service must provide for the transmission to the assignor of the number of downloads, consultations or views, at least once a year (Article L. 132-28-1). This obligation is distinct from that of the producer, who must send its authors a statement of revenue for each mode of exploitation under Article L. 132-28. In practice, a licence agreement providing a lump-sum price with no breakdown may complicate the allocation of revenue by mode that the producer must present to its authors. For a cinematographic work, the rights acquisition contract must also set the period after which the work may be made available, and a professional agreement may impose it on the signatories (Article L. 232-1 of the French Cinema and Moving Image Code). The firm therefore reviews the platform's contract, checking the term, territory, exclusivity, the date on which rights open, audience reports and the allocation of ownership warranties between the producer and the service.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens to the rights in a film when the production company is in liquidation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The safeguard proceedings or judicial reorganisation of the producer does not terminate the audiovisual production contract (Article L. 132-30). In the event of a sale of the business or liquidation, a separate lot must be drawn up for each work, and each author and co-producer must be notified by registered letter, on pain of nullity, one month before the decision. The authors have a right of pre-emption, unless a co-producer comes forward as acquirer. The acquirer is bound by the assignor's obligations, and the authors may request termination of the production contract when liquidation is ordered or when activity has ceased for more than three months. An acquirer who neglects these rules takes a real risk. In a judgment of 8 October 2025, the Paris court of appeal recalled that \u201cThe authorisation given by the supervisory judge to the liquidator of television companies to assign rights relating to films cannot have the effect of setting aside the mandatory rules of Article L. 132-30 of the Intellectual Property Code\u201d (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 8 October 2025, No. 24\/11279) (our translation). In the absence of proof that the authors had been informed, and given a global assignment of the catalogue, the company that exploited the videos online did not establish its neighbouring rights as producer: all its claims were dismissed. Before buying a film or a catalogue, the firm asks for the order of the supervisory judge, the list of lots and proof of the notifications.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the director object to a new edit intended for a platform?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The audiovisual work is deemed complete when the final version has been established by common agreement between the director, or the co-authors, and the producer (Article L. 121-5). Any later modification of that version, by addition, deletion or change of an element, requires the agreement of the same persons, and the master of the final version may not be destroyed. The same article requires the director to be consulted before any transfer of the work to another type of medium with a view to another mode of exploitation. A shortened version for online broadcast, a new division into episodes or the removal of a scene for a territory therefore cannot be decided by the producer alone. The contract may organise the consultation procedure and the derivative versions provided for from the outset, but the presumption of assignment in Article L. 132-24 expressly reserves the rights that the author holds under Article L. 121-5. The firm advises listing, before the sale, the versions the buyer requires and obtaining the director's written agreement to each, with a precise description of the changes.\"}}]}<\/script><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Audiovisual law lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/audiovisual-law-lawyer-paris\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"The Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": \"Mo-Su 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data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Option on a novel, contracts with screenwriters, the director, the composer and actors, co-production, pre-sale, sale to a video-on-demand service: the producer must be able to prove that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157176,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161243","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Audiovisual Law Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Audiovisual law lawyer in Paris for producers: chain of rights, author contracts, co-production and platform sales. 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