{"id":2161233,"date":"2026-11-01T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161233"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:41:20","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:41:20","slug":"it-contract-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-contract-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"IT contract lawyer in Paris: read, negotiate SLAs and prepare for reversibility"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161233\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161233 elementor-2160655\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-contrat-informatique-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">SaaS, managed services, hosting and licence agreements: read, negotiate, plan the exit<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>IT contract<\/em> lawyer in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> read, negotiate SLAs and prepare for reversibility.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Before you sign a SaaS subscription or a hosting, managed services or licence agreement, you need to know what the supplier is really promising, what it will pay if it fails and how you will recover your data on the day you leave. As an IT contract lawyer in Paris, the firm reviews the proposed contract and prepares the negotiation.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">A contract is negotiated before signature and an exit is prepared before notice is given. Keep the signed version, the attached general terms, the incident tickets and the availability reports.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">IT contracts \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the draft contract, the general terms, the service level annex and, where relevant, the current contract and its expiry date: the firm reviews the clauses that bind your company.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse ?\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/produits-android\/maison-connectee\/climatiseur\/3196305_goutte-a-goutte-et-inondation-que-faire-quand-la-climatisation-du-voisin-ruine-votre-terrasse\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 la grille de lecture juridique publi\u00e9e par le cabinet sur les condensats de climatisation en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"magicmaman\":{\"nom\":\"Magicmaman\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Vous vivez en immeuble et vous n\u2019avez toujours pas de chauffage cet automne ? Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"IT contract lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>IT contracts: <em>what the negotiation must achieve<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Digital law \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What an <em>IT contract lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Digital law<\/li><li>SaaS and managed services contracts<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer (avocat) at the Paris Bar: digital law, IT contracts and relations between customers and suppliers.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">An IT contract is read starting from the situations that will prove costly: the outage that drags on, the data that is lost, the project that is abandoned, the supplier you want to leave. The firm examines, clause by clause, what the proposed text provides for each of these situations and what it leaves unsaid.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Contracts lawfully entered into take the place of law for those who have made them (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040777\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040777\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1103 of the French Civil Code<\/a>). In an IT dispute governed by the law applicable before the 2016 reform, the Court of Cassation held: \"It follows from these provisions that where a contract is terminated for non-performance, clauses limiting compensation for the consequences of that non-performance remain applicable\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691595b65cc9fa7cae5a7086\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 22-22.225<\/a>). The cap accepted at signature therefore follows the customer into the dispute.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Measurable commitments<\/h3><p>The availability rate, response time, recovery time and measurement method must be written down so that a breach can one day be established.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Redress that remains real<\/h3><p>The cap, the list of excluded losses and the penalties determine what the customer will actually receive if the service stops or the data disappears.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>An exit organised from the outset<\/h3><p>Return of data, format, administrator access, assistance to the successor supplier and the fate of backups are settled at signature, not when notice is given.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Reading the proposed contract: <em>the rules that matter<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Six rules govern the reading of an IT contract before signature.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>General terms bind your company only if they were brought to its attention and accepted; where they conflict with the special terms, the special terms prevail (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040866\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1119 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation set aside a judgment that enforced a shortened limitation period clause against a client on the ground that \"the terms of the engagement letter did not establish that these general terms had been brought to the attention of\" the signatory and accepted by them (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a3235a7cdc6046d47933c2d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 June 2026, No. 24-22.736<\/a>). The case concerned a chartered accountant, but the rule applies to any reference to attached general terms.<\/li>\n  <li>Yet the general terms need not themselves be signed. For a hosting contract, the Versailles Court of Appeal held that the express reference to the general terms and their prior delivery \"are sufficient to establish tacit acceptance of these terms\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62873372c1d4e9057d612fdd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12th ch., 19 May 2022, No. 20\/05106<\/a>). A customer who signs only the special terms therefore does not, on that basis alone, escape a cap set out elsewhere.<\/li>\n  <li>Any clause that deprives the debtor's essential obligation of its substance is deemed unwritten (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041115\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1170 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The provision does not prohibit a cap: in the same Versailles judgment, the host had breached its recovery guarantee, but its cap of three months' billing was applied, and compensation was set at \u20ac8,497.20 for a claim of \u20ac64,629.60 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62873372c1d4e9057d612fdd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12th ch., 19 May 2022, No. 20\/05106<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The debtor is liable only for loss foreseeable at the time the contract was entered into, unless there is gross or intentional fault (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-3 of the Civil Code<\/a>). A list of excluded losses therefore takes effect: the Paris Court of Appeal ordered termination at the operator's fault, then held that \"the commercial loss, intended to compensate for lost profit and\/or lost turnover, is caught by clause 14.1, which excludes compensation for this type of loss\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a2ce847cdc6046d4723f951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 11, 12 June 2026, No. 24\/00786<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>A fixed penalty may be moderated by the judge if it is manifestly excessive, and a clause that prohibits this is deemed unwritten (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation nonetheless upheld a notice-period indemnity equal to ten per cent of turnover, holding that it \"does not appear disproportionate in that it has no deterrent character and is limited to maintaining the financial balance of the contract\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ca5a82892376614a83457f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 September 2025, No. 24-15.287<\/a>). The case concerned press distribution.<\/li>\n  <li>In case of doubt, a standard-form contract is interpreted against the party that proposed it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041260\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041260\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1190 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Between businesses, subjecting a counterparty to obligations that create a significant imbalance makes the person responsible liable (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054716237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054716237\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code<\/a>). These provisions serve in litigation; in negotiation, a clear and balanced clause remains the only reliable protection.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The signed contract is read together with all its annexes: general terms, service level annex, security policy, data processing agreement and price schedule. A favourable clause in one can be neutralised by another.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, depending on <em>your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The review covers the text that will be signed and the documents that complete it.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are about to sign<\/p><ul><li>Draft contract, purchase order or quotation, and all general terms referred to<\/li><li>Service level annex, service catalogue and schedule of penalties or credits<\/li><li>Personal data processing agreement and description of the hosting<\/li><li>Specifications, the supplier's response and the list of your non-negotiable requirements<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You want to leave or renegotiate<\/p><ul><li>Current contract, amendments, expiry date and notice period for non-renewal<\/li><li>Incident tickets, availability reports and correspondence on penalties<\/li><li>List of the data, backups, administrator accounts and licences held by the supplier<\/li><li>Name of the intended successor supplier and timetable for the planned migration<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not give notice of payment suspension, termination or refusal to renew until you have checked the term clause, the notice period and the form required for the notification.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>IT litigation<\/li><li>GDPR and subcontracting<\/li><li>Cybersecurity<\/li><li>Digital law<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Reading the text, measuring the risk, obtaining clauses that can be proved and enforced.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Mapping the contract<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm gathers all the contractual documents, establishes their order of priority and identifies references to general terms or policies that the supplier can change.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Scenario-based review<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Prolonged outage, data loss, late deployment, price increase, supplier failure and a move to a competitor: each scenario is tested against the existing clauses.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Negotiation list<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The requests are ranked as deal-breakers, important points and comfort points, with replacement wording proposed for each, so that the discussion with the supplier stays concrete.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Follow-up through to exit<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">During performance, the firm examines service reports, penalty claims, renewal and, when the time comes, the reversibility plan and the notice of termination.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A supplier will accept a precise, measurable clause more readily than a general demand for unlimited liability. Negotiation is better spent on figures and procedures.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The life of an IT contract, <em>from offer to exit<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each stage calls for a different check.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Offer and quotation<\/p><p><strong>Before any signature.<\/strong> Check which documents the quotation refers to, in particular the general terms and the policies the supplier publishes online.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Negotiation<\/p><p>Set the service levels, measurement method, penalties, cap, excluded losses, term and exit conditions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Going live<\/p><p>Keep the acceptance record, the configuration as delivered and the list of administrator access rights, which will serve as a reference in a dispute or on departure.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Performance<\/p><p>Review the availability reports every month, claim penalties in the manner provided for and document each incident in writing.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Expiry<\/p><p>Enter the notice deadline in a shared calendar: once it has passed, the contract may renew for a further full term.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Reversibility<\/p><p>Launch the exit plan with the successor supplier, obtain the data in the agreed format, check its integrity, then request the deletion certificate.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before signature<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A useful review answers precise questions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Contractual documents: complete list, order of priority, references to terms or policies that can be changed online.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Service levels: indicators, scope, excluded maintenance windows, measurement tool and the customer's access to the readings.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Redress: amount of the cap, excluded losses, interplay between penalties and damages, exceptions for gross fault.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Term: initial period, renewal, notice period and form of notice of non-renewal, effect of adding licences or equipment on the expiry date.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Exit: format and time limit for returning data, assistance to the successor supplier, handover of access, fate of backups, deletion certificate.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Six common configurations and the first priority in each.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>SaaS subscription offered on online general terms<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Dated version of the terms accepted, purchase order and any cross-reference.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before signature, while the negotiation is still open.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Have a fixed version annexed and negotiate the cap, unilateral amendment and exit clauses.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Hosting or managed services with a recovery guarantee<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Service annex, time-stamped tickets, availability reports and incident report.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Claim the penalties under the procedure and within the time limit set by the contract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice with a figure, application of the penalties, then discussion of redress above the cap if gross fault is established.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Data loss after an incident<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Contractual backup policy, retention period, log of the restorations attempted.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Preserve the logs immediately and ask in writing for the status of the backups.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Have the loss recorded, check the loss exclusions, consider an investigative measure.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Project stopped and subscription still invoiced<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Correspondence on progress, suspension notices, invoices and term clause.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Notify a clear position promptly, in the form provided for in the contract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Send formal notice or terminate in accordance with the clause, rather than suspending payment without notification.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Changing supplier<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Reversibility clause, inventory of data and access, successor supplier's timetable.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Launch the exit before notice is given, allowing for the successor supplier's own lead time.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Written reversibility plan, three-party meetings, handover record and deletion certificate.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Contract that renews with every addition<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Term and amendment clauses, history of additional orders.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before any new order or extension of scope.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Obtain agreement that the addition follows the expiry of the main contract, or challenge an open-ended commitment.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>IT contracts<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">14 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Which clauses should you start with when reading an IT contract proposed by the supplier?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Start with the article that lists the contractual documents and sets their order of priority. It says whether the general terms, the service annex, the security policy or a page published online form part of the contract. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040866\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1119 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a> makes the effect of general terms depend on their being brought to the other party's attention and accepted, and gives priority to the special terms where the two conflict. The Court of Cassation requires that this knowledge be established: it set aside a judgment in which \"the terms of the engagement letter did not establish that these general terms had been brought to the attention of\" the signatory (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a3235a7cdc6046d47933c2d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 June 2026, No. 24-22.736<\/a>). The lower courts are sometimes satisfied with little: an express reference and prior delivery were enough to make a host's cap enforceable (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62873372c1d4e9057d612fdd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12th ch., 19 May 2022, No. 20\/05106<\/a>). Then read, in this order, the liability clause, the service level annex, the term and the termination clause. These decide what your company will pay, receive or be able to recover when the relationship deteriorates. Finally, look for any clause allowing the supplier to change its terms or prices on its own, and ask for a dated version to be annexed to the signed contract.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do you draft an SLA whose breach can be proved?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A service level commitment is worth something only if it can be measured. Write down the indicator, for example a monthly availability rate, a response time or a recovery time, then the scope covered, the exclusions and the calculation period. The measurement method matters as much as the figure: who measures, with what tool, and how the customer gets access to the readings. In a hosting dispute, the Versailles Court of Appeal held that \"Claranet's essential obligation is to make the hosted data and applications available, with an availability rate of 99.5%\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62873372c1d4e9057d612fdd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, 12th ch., 19 May 2022, No. 20\/05106<\/a>). It found the incident report drafted by the host alone insufficient, for lack of outside corroboration, to establish the software cause it relied on to escape liability, recalling that \"no one can provide evidence for themselves\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62873372c1d4e9057d612fdd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same judgment<\/a>). The customer is therefore well advised to keep its own records: time-stamped tickets, monitoring screenshots, written exchanges. The contract can also provide for a monthly report signed by the supplier and a procedure for disputing it within a short time limit. Scheduled maintenance windows should be capped and announced in advance, failing which they absorb most of the downtime and strip the commitment of its practical value.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the judge reduce the penalties set out in the service annex?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A fixed sum payable on breach falls in principle under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-5 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a>. The judge may moderate it if it is manifestly excessive, or increase it if it is derisory, and may reduce it in proportion to the benefit obtained from partial performance. Any contrary clause is deemed unwritten. Unless performance has become definitively impossible, the penalty requires formal notice to the debtor. The characterisation does not depend on the name given to the clause: the Court of Cassation held that an indemnity intended to compensate on a fixed basis for failure to observe a notice period was a penalty clause, then applied it in full, on the ground that it \"does not appear disproportionate in that it has no deterrent character and is limited to maintaining the financial balance of the contract\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ca5a82892376614a83457f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 September 2025, No. 24-15.287<\/a>). That case concerned press distribution, not an IT contract. In practice, many service annexes provide for modest service credits, capped at a percentage of the fee and presented as the only compensation due. The point to negotiate is therefore twofold: the level of those credits, and whether or not they exclude compensation for the loss actually suffered in the event of a serious or repeated breach.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the liability cap still apply if the contract is terminated for breach?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. In a dispute between a software package publisher and its customer, the court of appeal had set aside the caps on the ground that the contracts had been wiped out. The Court of Cassation quashed that judgment, holding that \"It follows from these provisions that where a contract is terminated for non-performance, clauses limiting compensation for the consequences of that non-performance remain applicable\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691595b65cc9fa7cae5a7086\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 22-22.225<\/a>). The award against the publisher, which exceeded three million euros, was quashed on that point. This decision is unfavourable to a customer who thought it could shed the cap by obtaining termination. It was given under the provisions applicable before the 2016 reform, but it settles a question of general scope. Termination is therefore not enough to set the cap aside: its validity, its scope and the statutory or contractual exceptions must be examined. On validity, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041115\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1170 of the Civil Code<\/a> deems unwritten a clause that deprives the essential obligation of its substance; as a separate question, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-3<\/a> limits compensation to foreseeable loss, unless there is gross or intentional fault. The negotiation therefore turns on the amount of the cap, its basis of calculation, whether it is annual or per incident, and written exceptions for data loss, breach of confidentiality and security failures.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can you accept a clause that excludes loss of turnover or loss of data?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Such a clause is common and takes effect. The Paris Court of Appeal ordered termination of a telephony contract at the operator's fault, after several weeks of outage, but rejected the company's claim for commercial loss: \"the commercial loss, intended to compensate for lost profit and\/or lost turnover, is caught by clause 14.1, which excludes compensation for this type of loss\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a2ce847cdc6046d4723f951\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 11, 12 June 2026, No. 24\/00786<\/a>). The same clause excluded loss of data and damage to reputation. The judges considered that it did not release the operator from its obligation and did not deprive the customer of all compensation, so that no significant imbalance was shown. This decision is unfavourable to the customer. For a service that concerns your data, excluding loss of data amounts to excluding compensation for the main risk. It can be negotiated: deletion of the exclusion, a higher specific cap, or a quantified restoration obligation with a backup retention period. Loss of turnover can, for its part, be given a separate cap rather than a total exclusion, in particular where the service conditions the collection of payments or the taking of orders.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should a reversibility clause provide to be useful?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Reversibility means all the operations that allow the customer to take back its data, its access and the running of its system, alone or with a new supplier. Without a precise clause, the outgoing supplier's obligation remains limited. The Lyon Court of Appeal held that a host \"had first and foremost to transmit the data in its possession but was not responsible for configuring the new equipment chosen by a new supplier, any more than for setting up the new equipment\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/683009388c4038ee7673dc00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Lyon, 3rd ch. A, 22 May 2025, No. 21\/08139<\/a>). The customer, which claimed more than \u20ac64,000 in migration costs, was unsuccessful; the court noted that the new supplier had itself started late. Conversely, in a case brought by a customer whose managed services contract did not regulate the exit, the judge hearing the urgent application held that \"the lack of reversibility of the data prevents the migration, which is nonetheless essential, to another managed services provider\" and ordered the handover of access subject to a penalty payment (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69a44422cdc6046d472591bb\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TAE Marseille, r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, 17 June 2025, No. 2025R00202<\/a>). This was an order made urgently, at first instance. The clause should therefore set out the inventory of items returned, their format, the handover of administrator accounts and keys, the operating documentation, a period of assistance to the successor supplier, continuity of the service during the transition, and the price of these services. For personal data, <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 28 of Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 (GDPR)<\/a> already requires the processing contract to provide, at the controller's choice, for the deletion or return of the data at the end of the services, and for the destruction of existing copies, unless Union or Member State law requires them to be retained.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the supplier delete our data as soon as the contract is terminated?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A deletion-on-termination clause may take effect, but it cannot be read in isolation: the data retrieval rights that apply to the service, the controller's choice for personal data and statutory retention obligations all limit it. For a 2023 contract, the Paris Court of Appeal, ruling on an urgent application, refused an expert assessment requested by a company whose online backups had been erased. The general terms announced permanent deletion when the option was terminated, and the court noted that \"the contract does not impose on Nemoxia an archiving obligation, only a backup service was subscribed\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69d89339cdc6046d47bbe011\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1, ch. 2, 9 April 2026, No. 25\/11299<\/a>). The company had been informed several months in advance and could retrieve its files at any time; the action it contemplated was held to be manifestly bound to fail. This urgent-application decision is unfavourable to the customer and does not decide the merits, but it shows the weight of a deletion clause that has been accepted. Since 12 September 2025, for the data processing services it covers, Article 25 of <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854<\/a> requires a retrieval period of at least thirty calendar days after the transition period, which rules out immediate deletion within its scope. Before signing, distinguish backup, which protects against an incident, from archiving, which preserves data over the long term. Require a retrieval period after the end of the contract, prior notification before any deletion and a certificate of erasure. Before terminating, check that the new supplier has actually taken over and verified all the data.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the European Data Act change cloud and SaaS contracts?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, for data processing services within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854<\/a>, which has applied since 12 September 2025 under its Article 50. Article 23 prohibits the provider from imposing commercial, technical or contractual obstacles to switching provider. Article 25 requires a written contract providing in particular for a maximum notice period of two months to start the switch, a transition period of no more than thirty calendar days, except where technically impossible, reasonable assistance, an exhaustive list of exportable data, a period of at least thirty calendar days to retrieve the data, starting after the transition period, then full erasure of the customer's exportable data and digital assets at the end of that period or of a longer agreed period, once the switch has been completed. Article 29 limits switching charges to the costs directly incurred until 12 January 2027, then prohibits them from that date. The regulation contains other regimes and exceptions, and amendments were under discussion at European level in 2026; the version in force should be checked at the date of signature. For a customer, these rules provide a precise basis for negotiation: the proposed contract must already contain these clauses, and their absence is a point to raise before committing. For a software publisher or host, they require a review of the contract template and the schedule of exit charges.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can reversibility be charged on top of the subscription?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, where the contract provides for it and it is performed. The Paris Court of Appeal ordered a maintenance supplier's customer to pay the reversibility fee fixed by the contract, calculated on the average monthly remuneration. The customer argued that the services had not been performed, but the court recalled that \"it is for the party relying on the defence of non-performance to establish that non-performance\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62ba9a19fa6cd378c0fc7c16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 10, 27 June 2022, No. 20\/17603<\/a>). A steering committee had brought the two parties together, documentation had been delivered and the customer had raised no reservation within the period provided, which allowed the first-instance judges to infer tacit acceptance of the services (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62ba9a19fa6cd378c0fc7c16\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same judgment<\/a>). This decision is unfavourable to the customer. It suggests negotiating the price of reversibility at signature and defining its deliverables: exit plan, inventory, data transfer, documentation, handover sessions. The customer must then state its reservations in writing, within the contractual period, if it considers the service incomplete. For services within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854, Article 29 limits switching charges to the costs directly linked to the switch until 12 January 2027, then prohibits them; Article 31 exempts services custom-built for a customer and not offered on a large scale, and this prohibition does not, on its own, remove standard service fees or early termination penalties, which Article 29 treats separately.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can you stop paying for a software subscription that does not work yet?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Only on strict conditions. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041509\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041509\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1219 of the Civil Code<\/a> allows a party to refuse to perform its own obligation if the other party's non-performance is sufficiently serious, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041503\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1220<\/a> allows suspension in advance where it is clear that the other party will not perform when due and the consequences of that non-performance are sufficiently serious for the party suspending, which must give notice of it as soon as possible. In a human resources software case, the customer had put the project on hold a few days before going live, then signed with a competitor without terminating. The Paris Court of Appeal held that it \"fails to show sufficiently serious breaches by Peoplespheres justifying a defence of non-performance\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691ae14a5222181ceeb6c2ad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 11, 14 November 2025, No. 23\/10778<\/a>). It added that \"As BBL Transport terminated the contracts only by letter of 18 February 2022, they were tacitly renewed\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691ae14a5222181ceeb6c2ad\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same judgment<\/a>). The customer was ordered to pay \u20ac56,714.16. This decision, unfavourable to the customer, shows the order to follow: draw up a written list of the breaches, send formal notice, then terminate in the form provided for. An informal suspension leaves the contract, its due dates and its renewals running, even when the service is no longer used.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can you prevent an IT subscription from renewing when you did not want it to?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Where the parties continue to perform a fixed-term contract after its expiry, there is tacit renewal, which has the effects of a renewal (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041387\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041387\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1215 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Many contracts provide for it themselves, with notice of non-renewal to be sent several months before expiry. In a telephony case, a customer had signed a number portability mandate to another operator, but it was not proved that the supplier had been informed of it before expiry. The Court of Cassation approved the judgment holding that the client company \"remained bound by the contractual obligations laid down by the renewed contract\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/685ce1ae0c5506317f3be766\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 25 June 2025, No. 24-12.074<\/a>). The decision is unfavourable to the customer and is a reminder that changing supplier is not notice of non-renewal. In practice, enter the notice deadline as soon as you sign, give notice by a means that gives a verifiable date, and keep proof of receipt. In negotiation, ask for a short notice period, renewal for short periods, or the right to terminate at any time after the initial period. For an open-ended contract, either party may end it by observing the notice period provided or, failing that, a reasonable period (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041407\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1211 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is a term that restarts with every addition of licences or equipment valid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It can be challenged where it results in an endless commitment. In an evolving IT equipment rental contract, every change to the equipment restarted a forty-two-month period. The court of appeal had dismissed the complaint of a perpetual commitment. The Court of Cassation quashed that judgment, criticising it for not having examined whether this mechanism deprived the lessee of the ability to adapt its equipment to the needs of its business, \"unless it accepted the systematic renewal of the contract, thereby subjecting it to an infinite obligation\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/627b53724d359c057dd01ce4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 11 May 2022, No. 19-22.015<\/a>). The case was remitted: the Court did not itself hold that the commitment was perpetual, it required that point to be checked. The same mechanism is found in licence or subscription contracts where any extension of scope resets the term. Before signing, ask that additional orders follow the expiry of the main contract, or that they can be terminated with it. During performance, check the effect of an amendment or additional purchase order on the end date before signing it, because a modest addition can extend the whole contract.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is a clause prohibiting the hiring of the supplier's consultants valid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It is lawful if it remains proportionate. The Court of Cassation holds that a stipulation that interferes with freedom to work and freedom to conduct a business is valid only if it is proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected having regard to the purpose of the contract. In a judgment dismissing the appeal, it infers that \"a party relying on such a clause must show that it is proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected having regard to the purpose of the contract\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ab3832dc27382d099072e0e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 23 September 2026, No. 24-21.805<\/a>). The clause appeared in the rules of a hardware store group, not in an IT contract, but the reasoning applies to any non-solicitation clause agreed between businesses. Managed services and professional services contracts often contain them, together with an indemnity equal to several months' salary. For the customer, the risk is measured at the time of reversibility, when it wishes to take a consultant who knows the system in-house. The negotiation concerns the duration, the scope of the people covered, the exception for unsolicited applications and the amount of the indemnity. For the supplier, the clause must be justifiable by training investment or the protection of identified know-how.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does the firm's preliminary review of an IT contract work?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>You send the draft contract or the current contract, its annexes, the general terms referred to and a few lines on your project: the service concerned, the data processed, the timetable, any expiry date. The firm examines these documents and identifies the clauses that bind your company, in particular the service levels, the redress provided, the term and the exit conditions. The preliminary review offered on this page is charged at \u20ac80. It makes it possible to determine whether a full review, a negotiation list or an approach to the supplier is useful, and on which points. No other amount is quoted before the documents have been examined, because the scale of the work depends on the length of the contract, the number of annexes and the state of the negotiation. Your exchanges with the firm are covered by professional secrecy, so sensitive elements of the project can be shared without reservation. If your situation already involves a dispute, for example an abandoned project or a prolonged outage, the page on IT litigation sets out the courses of action. For personal data entrusted to the supplier, the GDPR page completes this analysis.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040866\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040866\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1119 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">general terms, conflicts and special terms<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041115\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1170 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">clause depriving the essential obligation of its substance<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1231-3 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">foreseeable loss, gross or intentional fault<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">contractual penalty and the judge's power to moderate it<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041387\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041387\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1215 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">tacit renewal<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041503\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041503\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1220 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">suspension in advance and notification<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32023R2854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854 (Data Act)<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">switching between data processing service providers (Articles 23, 25, 29 and 50)<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/HTML\/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Regulation (EU) 2016\/679, Article 28<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">processing contract, return or deletion of data<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/digital-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Digital law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-litigation-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">IT litigation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/information-technology-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">IT lawyer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/gdpr-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">GDPR<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/cybersecurity-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Cybersecurity<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>An IT contract to sign or to leave? Take stock <em>today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the draft contract, its annexes and your timetable: the firm examines the service commitments, the redress provided and the exit conditions before your company commits.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which clauses should you start with when reading an IT contract proposed by the supplier?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Start with the article that lists the contractual documents and sets their order of priority. It says whether the general terms, the service annex, the security policy or a page published online form part of the contract. Article 1119 of the French Civil Code (Code civil) makes the effect of general terms depend on their being brought to the other party's attention and accepted, and gives priority to the special terms where the two conflict. The Court of Cassation requires that this knowledge be established: it set aside a judgment in which \\\"the terms of the engagement letter did not establish that these general terms had been brought to the attention of\\\" the signatory (our translation) (Cass. com., 17 June 2026, No. 24-22.736). The lower courts are sometimes satisfied with little: an express reference and prior delivery were enough to make a host's cap enforceable (CA Versailles, 12th ch., 19 May 2022, No. 20\/05106). Then read, in this order, the liability clause, the service level annex, the term and the termination clause. These decide what your company will pay, receive or be able to recover when the relationship deteriorates. Finally, look for any clause allowing the supplier to change its terms or prices on its own, and ask for a dated version to be annexed to the signed contract.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do you draft an SLA whose breach can be proved?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A service level commitment is worth something only if it can be measured. Write down the indicator, for example a monthly availability rate, a response time or a recovery time, then the scope covered, the exclusions and the calculation period. The measurement method matters as much as the figure: who measures, with what tool, and how the customer gets access to the readings. In a hosting dispute, the Versailles Court of Appeal held that \\\"Claranet's essential obligation is to make the hosted data and applications available, with an availability rate of 99.5%\\\" (our translation) (CA Versailles, 12th ch., 19 May 2022, No. 20\/05106). It found the incident report drafted by the host alone insufficient, for lack of outside corroboration, to establish the software cause it relied on to escape liability, recalling that \\\"no one can provide evidence for themselves\\\" (our translation) (same judgment). The customer is therefore well advised to keep its own records: time-stamped tickets, monitoring screenshots, written exchanges. The contract can also provide for a monthly report signed by the supplier and a procedure for disputing it within a short time limit. Scheduled maintenance windows should be capped and announced in advance, failing which they absorb most of the downtime and strip the commitment of its practical value.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the judge reduce the penalties set out in the service annex?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A fixed sum payable on breach falls in principle under Article 1231-5 of the French Civil Code (Code civil). The judge may moderate it if it is manifestly excessive, or increase it if it is derisory, and may reduce it in proportion to the benefit obtained from partial performance. Any contrary clause is deemed unwritten. Unless performance has become definitively impossible, the penalty requires formal notice to the debtor. The characterisation does not depend on the name given to the clause: the Court of Cassation held that an indemnity intended to compensate on a fixed basis for failure to observe a notice period was a penalty clause, then applied it in full, on the ground that it \\\"does not appear disproportionate in that it has no deterrent character and is limited to maintaining the financial balance of the contract\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 17 September 2025, No. 24-15.287). That case concerned press distribution, not an IT contract. In practice, many service annexes provide for modest service credits, capped at a percentage of the fee and presented as the only compensation due. The point to negotiate is therefore twofold: the level of those credits, and whether or not they exclude compensation for the loss actually suffered in the event of a serious or repeated breach.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the liability cap still apply if the contract is terminated for breach?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. In a dispute between a software package publisher and its customer, the court of appeal had set aside the caps on the ground that the contracts had been wiped out. The Court of Cassation quashed that judgment, holding that \\\"It follows from these provisions that where a contract is terminated for non-performance, clauses limiting compensation for the consequences of that non-performance remain applicable\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 22-22.225). The award against the publisher, which exceeded three million euros, was quashed on that point. This decision is unfavourable to a customer who thought it could shed the cap by obtaining termination. It was given under the provisions applicable before the 2016 reform, but it settles a question of general scope. Termination is therefore not enough to set the cap aside: its validity, its scope and the statutory or contractual exceptions must be examined. On validity, Article 1170 of the Civil Code deems unwritten a clause that deprives the essential obligation of its substance; as a separate question, Article 1231-3 limits compensation to foreseeable loss, unless there is gross or intentional fault. The negotiation therefore turns on the amount of the cap, its basis of calculation, whether it is annual or per incident, and written exceptions for data loss, breach of confidentiality and security failures.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can you accept a clause that excludes loss of turnover or loss of data?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Such a clause is common and takes effect. The Paris Court of Appeal ordered termination of a telephony contract at the operator's fault, after several weeks of outage, but rejected the company's claim for commercial loss: \\\"the commercial loss, intended to compensate for lost profit and\/or lost turnover, is caught by clause 14.1, which excludes compensation for this type of loss\\\" (our translation) (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 11, 12 June 2026, No. 24\/00786). The same clause excluded loss of data and damage to reputation. The judges considered that it did not release the operator from its obligation and did not deprive the customer of all compensation, so that no significant imbalance was shown. This decision is unfavourable to the customer. For a service that concerns your data, excluding loss of data amounts to excluding compensation for the main risk. It can be negotiated: deletion of the exclusion, a higher specific cap, or a quantified restoration obligation with a backup retention period. Loss of turnover can, for its part, be given a separate cap rather than a total exclusion, in particular where the service conditions the collection of payments or the taking of orders.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should a reversibility clause provide to be useful?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Reversibility means all the operations that allow the customer to take back its data, its access and the running of its system, alone or with a new supplier. Without a precise clause, the outgoing supplier's obligation remains limited. The Lyon Court of Appeal held that a host \\\"had first and foremost to transmit the data in its possession but was not responsible for configuring the new equipment chosen by a new supplier, any more than for setting up the new equipment\\\" (our translation) (CA Lyon, 3rd ch. A, 22 May 2025, No. 21\/08139). The customer, which claimed more than \u20ac64,000 in migration costs, was unsuccessful; the court noted that the new supplier had itself started late. Conversely, in a case brought by a customer whose managed services contract did not regulate the exit, the judge hearing the urgent application held that \\\"the lack of reversibility of the data prevents the migration, which is nonetheless essential, to another managed services provider\\\" and ordered the handover of access subject to a penalty payment (our translation) (TAE Marseille, r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9, 17 June 2025, No. 2025R00202). This was an order made urgently, at first instance. The clause should therefore set out the inventory of items returned, their format, the handover of administrator accounts and keys, the operating documentation, a period of assistance to the successor supplier, continuity of the service during the transition, and the price of these services. For personal data, Article 28 of Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 (GDPR) already requires the processing contract to provide, at the controller's choice, for the deletion or return of the data at the end of the services, and for the destruction of existing copies, unless Union or Member State law requires them to be retained.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the supplier delete our data as soon as the contract is terminated?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A deletion-on-termination clause may take effect, but it cannot be read in isolation: the data retrieval rights that apply to the service, the controller's choice for personal data and statutory retention obligations all limit it. For a 2023 contract, the Paris Court of Appeal, ruling on an urgent application, refused an expert assessment requested by a company whose online backups had been erased. The general terms announced permanent deletion when the option was terminated, and the court noted that \\\"the contract does not impose on Nemoxia an archiving obligation, only a backup service was subscribed\\\" (our translation) (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1, ch. 2, 9 April 2026, No. 25\/11299). The company had been informed several months in advance and could retrieve its files at any time; the action it contemplated was held to be manifestly bound to fail. This urgent-application decision is unfavourable to the customer and does not decide the merits, but it shows the weight of a deletion clause that has been accepted. Since 12 September 2025, for the data processing services it covers, Article 25 of Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854 requires a retrieval period of at least thirty calendar days after the transition period, which rules out immediate deletion within its scope. Before signing, distinguish backup, which protects against an incident, from archiving, which preserves data over the long term. Require a retrieval period after the end of the contract, prior notification before any deletion and a certificate of erasure. Before terminating, check that the new supplier has actually taken over and verified all the data.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the European Data Act change cloud and SaaS contracts?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, for data processing services within the meaning of Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854, which has applied since 12 September 2025 under its Article 50. Article 23 prohibits the provider from imposing commercial, technical or contractual obstacles to switching provider. Article 25 requires a written contract providing in particular for a maximum notice period of two months to start the switch, a transition period of no more than thirty calendar days, except where technically impossible, reasonable assistance, an exhaustive list of exportable data, a period of at least thirty calendar days to retrieve the data, starting after the transition period, then full erasure of the customer's exportable data and digital assets at the end of that period or of a longer agreed period, once the switch has been completed. Article 29 limits switching charges to the costs directly incurred until 12 January 2027, then prohibits them from that date. The regulation contains other regimes and exceptions, and amendments were under discussion at European level in 2026; the version in force should be checked at the date of signature. For a customer, these rules provide a precise basis for negotiation: the proposed contract must already contain these clauses, and their absence is a point to raise before committing. For a software publisher or host, they require a review of the contract template and the schedule of exit charges.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can reversibility be charged on top of the subscription?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, where the contract provides for it and it is performed. The Paris Court of Appeal ordered a maintenance supplier's customer to pay the reversibility fee fixed by the contract, calculated on the average monthly remuneration. The customer argued that the services had not been performed, but the court recalled that \\\"it is for the party relying on the defence of non-performance to establish that non-performance\\\" (our translation) (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 10, 27 June 2022, No. 20\/17603). A steering committee had brought the two parties together, documentation had been delivered and the customer had raised no reservation within the period provided, which allowed the first-instance judges to infer tacit acceptance of the services (same judgment). This decision is unfavourable to the customer. It suggests negotiating the price of reversibility at signature and defining its deliverables: exit plan, inventory, data transfer, documentation, handover sessions. The customer must then state its reservations in writing, within the contractual period, if it considers the service incomplete. For services within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2023\/2854, Article 29 limits switching charges to the costs directly linked to the switch until 12 January 2027, then prohibits them; Article 31 exempts services custom-built for a customer and not offered on a large scale, and this prohibition does not, on its own, remove standard service fees or early termination penalties, which Article 29 treats separately.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can you stop paying for a software subscription that does not work yet?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Only on strict conditions. Article 1219 of the Civil Code allows a party to refuse to perform its own obligation if the other party's non-performance is sufficiently serious, and Article 1220 allows suspension in advance where it is clear that the other party will not perform when due and the consequences of that non-performance are sufficiently serious for the party suspending, which must give notice of it as soon as possible. In a human resources software case, the customer had put the project on hold a few days before going live, then signed with a competitor without terminating. The Paris Court of Appeal held that it \\\"fails to show sufficiently serious breaches by Peoplespheres justifying a defence of non-performance\\\" (our translation) (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5, ch. 11, 14 November 2025, No. 23\/10778). It added that \\\"As BBL Transport terminated the contracts only by letter of 18 February 2022, they were tacitly renewed\\\" (our translation) (same judgment). The customer was ordered to pay \u20ac56,714.16. This decision, unfavourable to the customer, shows the order to follow: draw up a written list of the breaches, send formal notice, then terminate in the form provided for. An informal suspension leaves the contract, its due dates and its renewals running, even when the service is no longer used.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can you prevent an IT subscription from renewing when you did not want it to?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Where the parties continue to perform a fixed-term contract after its expiry, there is tacit renewal, which has the effects of a renewal (Article 1215 of the Civil Code). Many contracts provide for it themselves, with notice of non-renewal to be sent several months before expiry. In a telephony case, a customer had signed a number portability mandate to another operator, but it was not proved that the supplier had been informed of it before expiry. The Court of Cassation approved the judgment holding that the client company \\\"remained bound by the contractual obligations laid down by the renewed contract\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 25 June 2025, No. 24-12.074). The decision is unfavourable to the customer and is a reminder that changing supplier is not notice of non-renewal. In practice, enter the notice deadline as soon as you sign, give notice by a means that gives a verifiable date, and keep proof of receipt. In negotiation, ask for a short notice period, renewal for short periods, or the right to terminate at any time after the initial period. For an open-ended contract, either party may end it by observing the notice period provided or, failing that, a reasonable period (Article 1211 of the Civil Code).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a term that restarts with every addition of licences or equipment valid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It can be challenged where it results in an endless commitment. In an evolving IT equipment rental contract, every change to the equipment restarted a forty-two-month period. The court of appeal had dismissed the complaint of a perpetual commitment. The Court of Cassation quashed that judgment, criticising it for not having examined whether this mechanism deprived the lessee of the ability to adapt its equipment to the needs of its business, \\\"unless it accepted the systematic renewal of the contract, thereby subjecting it to an infinite obligation\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 11 May 2022, No. 19-22.015). The case was remitted: the Court did not itself hold that the commitment was perpetual, it required that point to be checked. The same mechanism is found in licence or subscription contracts where any extension of scope resets the term. Before signing, ask that additional orders follow the expiry of the main contract, or that they can be terminated with it. During performance, check the effect of an amendment or additional purchase order on the end date before signing it, because a modest addition can extend the whole contract.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a clause prohibiting the hiring of the supplier's consultants valid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is lawful if it remains proportionate. The Court of Cassation holds that a stipulation that interferes with freedom to work and freedom to conduct a business is valid only if it is proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected having regard to the purpose of the contract. In a judgment dismissing the appeal, it infers that \\\"a party relying on such a clause must show that it is proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected having regard to the purpose of the contract\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 23 September 2026, No. 24-21.805). The clause appeared in the rules of a hardware store group, not in an IT contract, but the reasoning applies to any non-solicitation clause agreed between businesses. Managed services and professional services contracts often contain them, together with an indemnity equal to several months' salary. For the customer, the risk is measured at the time of reversibility, when it wishes to take a consultant who knows the system in-house. The negotiation concerns the duration, the scope of the people covered, the exception for unsolicited applications and the amount of the indemnity. For the supplier, the clause must be justifiable by training investment or the protection of identified know-how.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does the firm's preliminary review of an IT contract work?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"You send the draft contract or the current contract, its annexes, the general terms referred to and a few lines on your project: the service concerned, the data processed, the timetable, any expiry date. The firm examines these documents and identifies the clauses that bind your company, in particular the service levels, the redress provided, the term and the exit conditions. The preliminary review offered on this page is charged at \u20ac80. It makes it possible to determine whether a full review, a negotiation list or an approach to the supplier is useful, and on which points. No other amount is quoted before the documents have been examined, because the scale of the work depends on the length of the contract, the number of annexes and the state of the negotiation. Your exchanges with the firm are covered by professional secrecy, so sensitive elements of the project can be shared without reservation. If your situation already involves a dispute, for example an abandoned project or a prolonged outage, the page on IT litigation sets out the courses of action. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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