{"id":2161227,"date":"2026-11-01T23:11:41","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161227"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:41:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:41:26","slug":"trademark-registration-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/trademark-registration-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Trademark registration lawyer in Paris: secure your filing date"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161227\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161227 elementor-2160663\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-depot-de-marque-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Prior rights, classes, INPI, EUIPO and follow-up of the application through to registration<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Trademark registration<\/em> lawyer in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> prepare, file and secure your filing date.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A trademark application is prepared before the form is filled in: a trademark registration lawyer in Paris checks that the sign is distinctive and available, drafts a specification that matches the business, helps choose between the French intellectual property office (INPI), the EU Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) or an international registration, then monitors publication, observations and oppositions.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">The filing date fixes your rank against other applications. Do not disclose a new name, logo or slogan before checking that it is available and preparing a complete file.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Trademark registration \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the sign you have in mind, a description of the current and planned business, the countries concerned and, where relevant, any notification received from the INPI or the EUIPO: the firm will review whether the application is feasible and the risks already known.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" 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class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Trademark registration lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Trademark registration: <em>the steps that decide the protection<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Intellectual property \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>trademark registration lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Intellectual property<\/li><li>INPI and EUIPO filings<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar, can act to prepare a trademark application and to follow the related proceedings before the INPI and the EUIPO.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Filing is not an isolated formality. The firm first checks the distinctiveness of the sign in relation to the goods and services concerned, searches for prior rights, then drafts a specification that the business can actually use during the five years following publication of the registration.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The application can be filed by the applicant in person or by a representative, and lawyers are among the representatives exempt from providing a power of attorney (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490815\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490815\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 712-2 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). This page covers filing step by step; infringement litigation is dealt with on other pages of the practice area.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A distinctive sign<\/h3><p>The INPI rejects an application for a sign that is descriptive or lacks distinctive character, unless distinctiveness was acquired through use before filing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381560\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-7 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>An available sign<\/h3><p>An earlier trademark, company name, trade name or domain name may found an opposition within two months of publication (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-4 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A usable specification<\/h3><p>Protection applies to the goods and services designated, and each item not used for five years is exposed to revocation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-5 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Prior rights, classes, territory: <em>the rules of filing<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules govern the preparation of a trademark application.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>An application is given a filing date only if it contains the representation of the mark, the list of goods or services, the identification of the applicant and proof of payment of the fee (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381580\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-2 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The registration takes effect from that date for ten years, renewable indefinitely (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-1 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The sign must not be descriptive, customary or devoid of distinctive character (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 711-2 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation holds that the distinctive character of a sign is assessed in relation to the goods or services designated, and has set aside a judgment that had examined it only for online services (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65701d2c604055831871b031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 6 December 2023, No. 22-16.078<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The trademark must not infringe earlier rights having effect in France (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381537\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 711-3 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation accepts that an earlier company name, legally protected at the filing date, may be defended against a later trademark (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/659e41055537980008846f71\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 10 January 2024, No. 22-21.716<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>A filing made in bad faith is a ground of nullity (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 711-2, 11\u00b0, of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation holds that a filing made without any intention to use the mark can amount to such bad faith, and that no specific third party needs to be targeted (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691597ab5cc9fa7cae5ac130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 24-14.355<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The INPI checks that the application is in order and the absolute grounds for refusal, but does not search of its own motion for third parties' prior rights. These are raised only on their holders' initiative, by an opposition or an action for nullity: a registration obtained without incident therefore does not prove that the sign is available.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to gather, <em>depending on your situation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The specification and the prior-rights search are built from the actual business, not from a template list.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Situation A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are preparing an application<\/p><ul><li>The sign in all its forms: word, logo, colours, planned slogan<\/li><li>Description of the current business and of planned developments in the medium term<\/li><li>Countries of sale and launch timetable<\/li><li>Contracts with the graphic designer or agency that created the logo, and company name and domain names already reserved<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Situation B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Your application is being challenged<\/p><ul><li>Notification of irregularity or draft decision from the INPI, with its response deadline<\/li><li>Notice of opposition received and the earlier trademark relied on by the opponent<\/li><li>Evidence of use of your sign: invoices, catalogues, dated screenshots<\/li><li>Earlier exchanges with the opponent or with the author of an observation<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not let a deadline set by the INPI or the EUIPO pass without a response: depending on the procedure, silence may lead to rejection of the application or to acceptance of a proposed correction.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Trademark law<\/li><li>Industrial property<\/li><li>Domain names<\/li><li>Designs<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>handles the application<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Check before filing, file what will be used, and follow the application through to registration.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Examination of the sign<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm tests the sign against the grounds for refusal: descriptive, customary, deceptive or contrary to public policy, for each of the goods and services envisaged.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Prior-rights search<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">French, European Union and international trademarks designating France, company names, trade names and domain names are searched for identical and similar matches.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Specification and territory<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The specification is drafted class by class from the actual business; the choice between the INPI, the EUIPO or an international extension depends on the target markets and the risk of opposition.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Follow-up through to registration<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm monitors publication, responds to notifications of irregularity, analyses observations and oppositions, then sets up the calendar for use and renewal.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A prior-rights search is never an absolute guarantee: it reduces the risk and documents the applicant's good faith, which matters if the application is later challenged.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timetable <em>of a trademark registration in France<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the preliminary search to the first renewal, each step has its own time limit.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Search and drafting<\/p><p><strong>Before any disclosure.<\/strong> Check distinctiveness and availability, then settle the specification of goods and services and the territory.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Filing<\/p><p>The filing date is obtained when the application contains the items required by Article L. 712-2 and proof of payment of the fee.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Publication<\/p><p>An admissible application is published in the Official Industrial Property Bulletin within six weeks of its receipt (Article R. 712-8).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Observations and opposition<\/p><p>For two months after publication, third parties may submit observations or file an opposition (Articles L. 712-3 and L. 712-4).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">INPI decision<\/p><p>The INPI registers the mark, rejects it in whole or in part, or rules on the opposition after adversarial proceedings (Articles L. 712-5 and L. 712-7).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Use and renewal<\/p><p>Unless there are proper reasons, a French trademark is liable to revocation after five uninterrupted years without genuine use, the first period running from publication of its registration in the BOPI (Articles L. 714-5 and R. 712-23); renewal is declared in the year preceding expiry, with a six-month grace period (Article R. 712-24).<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before filing<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each check addresses a specific ground of refusal, opposition or nullity.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Distinctiveness of the sign for each good and service, assessed at the filing date and from the standpoint of the relevant public.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Prior rights: trademarks, company names, trade names, shop signs, domain names, copyright in a logo.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Holder of the application: company or individual, with the necessary creation and assignment contracts.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Specification: goods and services actually used or seriously envisaged, without mechanically copying class headings.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Territory: France, the European Union or countries designated by an international registration, in light of the markets and the risk of opposition.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Six situations that frequently arise when preparing or following an application.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>New trademark name before launch<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Dated prior-rights search, distinctiveness analysis and approved specification.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Preferably before any public disclosure of the name, as a precaution.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful step:<\/strong> French or European filing depending on the markets, with a targeted specification.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Logo created by a graphic designer or an agency<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Contract or deed assigning the copyright, dated source files.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before filing the figurative version.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful step:<\/strong> Regularise the assignment, then file in the name of the right holder.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Notification of irregularity from the INPI<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> The notification, the specification filed and any evidence of earlier use.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The response time limit set by the notification.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful step:<\/strong> Reasoned observations, narrowing of the specification or correction.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Opposition received after publication<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> The earlier trademark relied on, proof of its use, comparison of the signs and of the goods.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The time limits of the examination phase set by the INPI.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful step:<\/strong> Observations in reply, a request for proof of use if the opposing mark has been registered for more than five years, narrowing or a coexistence agreement.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Expansion into other EU countries<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Existing French trademark, target markets, European prior rights.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Six months after the first filing to claim its priority before the EUIPO.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful step:<\/strong> Filing of a European Union trademark or international extension.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Trademark filed by an associate or a former partner<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Key evidence:<\/strong> Chronology of use, articles of association, correspondence and publication date of the application.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Five years after publication to claim ownership, except in case of bad faith.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful step:<\/strong> Action to claim ownership or for nullity on grounds of a bad-faith filing.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>trademark registration<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">11 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What checks should be made before filing a trademark with the INPI?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Two separate checks come before any filing. The first concerns the sign itself: it must not describe a characteristic of the goods or services, nor have become customary, nor lack distinctive character, nor deceive the public (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 711-2 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The second concerns third-party rights: earlier trademarks, company names, trade names, shop signs, domain names whose reach is not merely local, and copyright in a logo. Article L. 711-3 gives an open list of these prior rights, and the Court of Cassation has confirmed that the list in the former text was not exhaustive, finding an infringement of the State's right in the name France against the France.com trademarks (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/624d2e1c12d01a2df91a32da\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 6 April 2022, No. 17-28.116<\/a>).<\/p><p>The search covers identical and similar matches in the French, European and international registers, then in the company and domain name registers. It is read product by product: against an ordinary earlier trademark, a similar sign is a problem only if the goods or services are identical or similar. A well-known mark, a copyright, a personality right or a geographical indication each follows its own conditions, as does a bad-faith filing. The firm records the search and its results, because they are then used to decide on the specification, the territory, or even the choice of another sign.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How should the list of goods and services be drafted for a trademark application?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The specification fixes the scope of the monopoly: registration confers a property right in the mark for the goods or services designated (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381604\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381604\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 713-1 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). It is drafted from the actual business and from seriously envisaged developments, class by class under the Nice Classification, with precise terms rather than whole class headings copied without examination.<\/p><p>Two risks frame this drafting. A specification that is too narrow leaves a neighbouring range unprotected, for example scented candles launched under the trademark of a cosmetics line that did not cover them. A specification that is too broad exposes each unused item to revocation after five years without genuine use (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 714-5 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>), and may, depending on the circumstances, support a bad-faith challenge where the applicant had no intention to use the mark. The Court of Cassation recalls that \"the registration of a trademark without the applicant having any intention of using it for the goods and services covered by that registration is capable of constituting bad faith\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691597ab5cc9fa7cae5ac130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 24-14.355<\/a>) (our translation). The firm therefore proposes a specification that can be justified item by item, and documents the projects that underpin the items not yet used.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Should I choose an INPI filing, a European Union trademark or an international registration?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The choice depends on the real markets and the risk of opposition. A French trademark filed with the INPI protects French territory. The European Union trademark, filed with the EUIPO, has unitary character: it has the same effect throughout the Union and can be registered, declared invalid or revoked only for the whole Union (<a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation (EU) 2017\/1001, Article 1<\/a>). A single prior right in one Member State can therefore defeat the entire European application, which calls for a wider search.<\/p><p>International registration goes through the WIPO and designates, country by country, the territories protected. The Court of Cassation draws a practical consequence: the international application or registration is deemed to have been made in each designated State, and \"the courts of a State that is not designated, even the one in whose territory the basic application or basic registration was made, have no jurisdiction to hear an application for annulment of all or part of the international trademark\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/66d804c68c253fd3db1c2ce7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 4 September 2024, No. 22-13.044<\/a>) (our translation). The firm compares the three routes in light of the commercial calendar, the prior rights identified and the countries where the business already sells.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long does the registration procedure take in France?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The duration depends mainly on incidents. An admissible application is published in the Official Industrial Property Bulletin within six weeks of its receipt by the INPI (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054367579\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054367579\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 712-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). A two-month period then opens during which anyone may submit observations on the validity of the sign (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381574\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381574\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-3 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>) and holders of prior rights may file an opposition (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-4 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/p><p>With no observation, no opposition and no objection from the examiner, the mark is then registered. A notification of irregularity, an opposition or a draft rejection adds an adversarial phase whose length depends on the exchanges. The opposition is examined in adversarial proceedings, and is deemed rejected if the Director General of the INPI has not ruled within the regulatory time limit (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381566\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381566\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-5 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The effects of registration nevertheless date back to the filing date, for ten years (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279687\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-1 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). For each file, the firm indicates the known deadlines and those that will depend on the INPI or on third parties.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How should I respond to a notification of irregularity or a draft rejection from the INPI?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The INPI rejects the application in whole or in part if the sign cannot constitute a trademark, lacks distinctive character, is exclusively descriptive or exclusively customary, unless distinctiveness was acquired through use before filing, or if an opposition is upheld (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381560\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-7 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The notification opens a period to submit observations or to correct the application, often by limiting the specification to the goods for which the objection does not apply.<\/p><p>The response must be complete from this stage. As regards a challenge to the decision of rejection, the Paris Court of Appeal recalls that such a challenge \"is not an appeal on the merits but an action for annulment without devolutive effect\", and that \"the court can rule only on the basis of the documents and arguments that were submitted to the Director General of the INPI\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6843c7b104d152325c83e92d\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 6 June 2025, No. 24\/02367<\/a>) (our translation). In that case, which went against the applicant, the partial refusal of the sign FIER D'ETRE PARISIEN was upheld and the new documents were set aside. The firm therefore gathers, before the time limit expires, the arguments on how the sign is perceived and the relevant evidence of use.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does a similar trademark already registered in another class prevent a filing?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not automatically, but a difference of class is not enough to rule out the risk. The conflict is assessed between the signs and between the goods or services, without stopping at the class number (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381537\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 711-3 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Two goods of different kinds may be held similar where they meet the same needs, are sold in the same outlets or are used together.<\/p><p>The Paris Court of Appeal held so in a case that went against the applicant: the application for RIMBAUD PARIS for clothing was blocked by an opposition based on an earlier RIMBAUD trademark covering perfumes and cosmetics, the court holding that \"a low degree of similarity between the goods or services may be offset by a high degree of similarity between the signs and vice versa\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67ef6c789a9834ffd825faaf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 2 April 2025, No. 23\/12289<\/a>) (our translation). The prior-rights search must therefore cover the classes close to the business, not just the main class. Where a risk appears, the firm considers narrowing the specification, modifying the sign, checking the use of the earlier trademark or requesting a coexistence agreement.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a company name or a domain name block a trademark application?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. An opposition may be based on a company name, or on a trade name, a shop sign or a domain name whose reach is not merely local, if there is a risk of confusion in the mind of the public (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-4 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). These rights do not appear in the trademark registers: a search limited to the INPI is not enough.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation states that \"the holder of a prior right may bring an action for nullity of the registered trademark if there is a risk of confusion in the mind of the public, even where the holder of the contested trademark has a right older than that of the third party challenging it\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/659e41055537980008846f71\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 10 January 2024, No. 22-21.716<\/a>) (our translation). In the case decided, regional companies were able to defend their company names against the trademark filed by a company of the same network. An applicant who considers that the third party tolerated its use must prove it: \"A party who raises time bar by acquiescence against an action for nullity of its trademark must show its honest and continuous use for more than five years, which cannot be inferred from its registration alone, together with the knowledge of that use held by the holder of the prior right who is being set against it\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/624d2e1c12d01a2df91a32da\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 6 April 2022, No. 17-28.116<\/a>) (our translation). This time bar requires five consecutive years of tolerance with knowledge of the use, and does not apply against a trademark filed in bad faith (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039377714\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039377714\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 716-2-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a slogan or a laudatory term be registered as a trademark?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A slogan can be registered if it is perceived as an indication of commercial origin, and not as a mere promotional message. The assessment concerns the sign taken as a whole, in relation to the goods and services concerned and the relevant public. The Court of Cassation holds that distinctive character \"is assessed at the filing date in light of the relevant public's knowledge of the contested term\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/65701d2c604055831871b031\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 6 December 2023, No. 22-16.078<\/a>) (our translation).<\/p><p>In a decision against the applicant, the Paris Court of Appeal dismissed the challenge to the refusal of the sign O.U.I - ORIGINAL UNIQUE INDIVIDUEL for cosmetics, noting that the string of adjectives would be understood as a slogan praising the products, and recalling that \"the Institute is not bound by its earlier decisions\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69c77483cdc6046d474308b5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 27 March 2026, No. 24\/15714<\/a>) (our translation). The past registration of comparable signs therefore guarantees nothing. The firm tests how the slogan is perceived, looks for a more arbitrary construction or gathers evidence of distinctiveness acquired through use before filing.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a name designating a regulated activity or a generic term be registered?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The sign must not be contrary to public policy or its use prohibited by law, and it must not be limited to the customary designation of the goods or services (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 711-2 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Such a characterisation is not automatic, however. The Court of Cassation has held that \"the fact that a term is the legal designation of a regulated activity is not enough to make it a sign contrary to public policy\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca2f83d78911701be90062\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 14 October 2020, No. 18-16.887<\/a>) (our translation).<\/p><p>In that case, the collective mark CR\u00c9DIT MUTUEL was upheld, the court of appeal having found, product by product, that the public perceived the sign as designating the commercial origin of the group's services, following long-standing and documented use. That outcome rests on distinctiveness acquired through use, established by documents and a survey; it does not allow a new generic term to be registered. For a business launching an activity, the firm generally advises against signs that describe the service and steers towards an arbitrary element, possibly combined with the descriptive term.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What can I do if a third party files your trademark before you, or in fraud of your rights?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Two routes exist. An action to claim ownership allows a person who considers that they have a right in the trademark to obtain its transfer where registration was applied for in fraud of their rights or in breach of a legal or contractual obligation; it is subject to a five-year limitation period from publication, unless the applicant acted in bad faith (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-6 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). An action for nullity for a bad-faith filing aims to remove the title and is not subject to any limitation period, save for statutory exceptions (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039377634\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039377634\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 716-2-6 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/p><p>These claims are not interchangeable: a claim for ownership leaves the trademark in place for the claimant and \"does not pursue the same ends as an application for nullity of such a filing, which aims to annul that industrial property title\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6979b30fcdc6046d47f26a00\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 28 January 2026, No. 24-14.760<\/a>) (our translation). The same decision accepts that bad faith may be established by a body of evidence without any risk of confusion being shown. The Court of Cassation adds that \"bad faith does not require, to be established, that a specific third party be targeted\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/691597ab5cc9fa7cae5ac130\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 24-14.355<\/a>) (our translation). The choice between the two routes is made in light of the chronology and of the interest in recovering or removing the title.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>When and how should a registered trademark be renewed?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Registration lasts ten years from the filing date and is renewable without limit, and may be limited to some of the goods or services designated; by contrast, a change to the sign or an extension of the list requires a new application (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042624341\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042624341\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 712-9 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The renewal declaration is filed in the year preceding expiry, with an additional period of six months on payment of a supplementary fee (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490690\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article R. 712-24 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The INPI informs the holder, but the absence of such information has no effect on expiry.<\/p><p>These time limits are strict. The Court of Cassation holds that \"The time limit for declaring the renewal of a trademark registration with the INPI is not contentious in nature\" and approves the exclusion of relief from forfeiture for that time limit (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ef380d10fb86995ec6ea60\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 October 2025, No. 24-10.651<\/a>) (our translation). It nevertheless set aside the rejection of renewal in the particular case of a claimant who could be entered in the register only after proceedings lasting more than thirteen years, by postponing the start of the time limit to that entry. This case-specific solution does not remove the need to monitor deadlines. The firm enters each date in the calendar and checks, before renewal, that the specification still matches actual use.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381542\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 711-2 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">absolute grounds for refusal and nullity, including bad faith<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381537\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381537\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 711-3 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">prior rights having effect in France<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381580\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381580\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 712-2 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">content of the application and filing date<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381569\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 712-4 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">opposition within two months of publication<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717103\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 712-6 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">claim for ownership of a trademark filed in fraud<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381560\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381560\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 712-7 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">total or partial rejection of the application<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381616\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 714-5 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">revocation for lack of genuine use<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490690\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039490690\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article R. 712-24 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">renewal time limits<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32017R1001\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Regulation (EU) 2017\/1001<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">European Union trademark<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/intellectual-property-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Intellectual property<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/trademark-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Trademark law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/industrial-property-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Industrial property<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/domain-name-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Domain names<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A trademark to prepare? Take stock <em>before filing<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the sign, the description of the business and the countries concerned: the firm will review distinctiveness, the known prior rights and the filing strategy.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What checks should be made before filing a trademark with the INPI?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Two separate checks come before any filing. The first concerns the sign itself: it must not describe a characteristic of the goods or services, nor have become customary, nor lack distinctive character, nor deceive the public (Article L. 711-2 of the Intellectual Property Code). The second concerns third-party rights: earlier trademarks, company names, trade names, shop signs, domain names whose reach is not merely local, and copyright in a logo. Article L. 711-3 gives an open list of these prior rights, and the Court of Cassation has confirmed that the list in the former text was not exhaustive, finding an infringement of the State's right in the name France against the France.com trademarks (Cass. com., 6 April 2022, No. 17-28.116). The search covers identical and similar matches in the French, European and international registers, then in the company and domain name registers. It is read product by product: against an ordinary earlier trademark, a similar sign is a problem only if the goods or services are identical or similar. A well-known mark, a copyright, a personality right or a geographical indication each follows its own conditions, as does a bad-faith filing. The firm records the search and its results, because they are then used to decide on the specification, the territory, or even the choice of another sign.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How should the list of goods and services be drafted for a trademark application?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The specification fixes the scope of the monopoly: registration confers a property right in the mark for the goods or services designated (Article L. 713-1 of the Intellectual Property Code). It is drafted from the actual business and from seriously envisaged developments, class by class under the Nice Classification, with precise terms rather than whole class headings copied without examination. Two risks frame this drafting. A specification that is too narrow leaves a neighbouring range unprotected, for example scented candles launched under the trademark of a cosmetics line that did not cover them. A specification that is too broad exposes each unused item to revocation after five years without genuine use (Article L. 714-5 of the Intellectual Property Code), and may, depending on the circumstances, support a bad-faith challenge where the applicant had no intention to use the mark. The Court of Cassation recalls that \\\"the registration of a trademark without the applicant having any intention of using it for the goods and services covered by that registration is capable of constituting bad faith\\\" (Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 24-14.355) (our translation). The firm therefore proposes a specification that can be justified item by item, and documents the projects that underpin the items not yet used.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Should I choose an INPI filing, a European Union trademark or an international registration?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The choice depends on the real markets and the risk of opposition. A French trademark filed with the INPI protects French territory. The European Union trademark, filed with the EUIPO, has unitary character: it has the same effect throughout the Union and can be registered, declared invalid or revoked only for the whole Union (Regulation (EU) 2017\/1001, Article 1). A single prior right in one Member State can therefore defeat the entire European application, which calls for a wider search. International registration goes through the WIPO and designates, country by country, the territories protected. The Court of Cassation draws a practical consequence: the international application or registration is deemed to have been made in each designated State, and \\\"the courts of a State that is not designated, even the one in whose territory the basic application or basic registration was made, have no jurisdiction to hear an application for annulment of all or part of the international trademark\\\" (Cass. com., 4 September 2024, No. 22-13.044) (our translation). The firm compares the three routes in light of the commercial calendar, the prior rights identified and the countries where the business already sells.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long does the registration procedure take in France?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The duration depends mainly on incidents. An admissible application is published in the Official Industrial Property Bulletin within six weeks of its receipt by the INPI (Article R. 712-8 of the Intellectual Property Code). A two-month period then opens during which anyone may submit observations on the validity of the sign (Article L. 712-3 of the Intellectual Property Code) and holders of prior rights may file an opposition (Article L. 712-4 of the Intellectual Property Code). With no observation, no opposition and no objection from the examiner, the mark is then registered. A notification of irregularity, an opposition or a draft rejection adds an adversarial phase whose length depends on the exchanges. The opposition is examined in adversarial proceedings, and is deemed rejected if the Director General of the INPI has not ruled within the regulatory time limit (Article L. 712-5 of the Intellectual Property Code). The effects of registration nevertheless date back to the filing date, for ten years (Article L. 712-1 of the Intellectual Property Code). For each file, the firm indicates the known deadlines and those that will depend on the INPI or on third parties.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How should I respond to a notification of irregularity or a draft rejection from the INPI?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The INPI rejects the application in whole or in part if the sign cannot constitute a trademark, lacks distinctive character, is exclusively descriptive or exclusively customary, unless distinctiveness was acquired through use before filing, or if an opposition is upheld (Article L. 712-7 of the Intellectual Property Code). The notification opens a period to submit observations or to correct the application, often by limiting the specification to the goods for which the objection does not apply. The response must be complete from this stage. As regards a challenge to the decision of rejection, the Paris Court of Appeal recalls that such a challenge \\\"is not an appeal on the merits but an action for annulment without devolutive effect\\\", and that \\\"the court can rule only on the basis of the documents and arguments that were submitted to the Director General of the INPI\\\" (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 6 June 2025, No. 24\/02367) (our translation). In that case, which went against the applicant, the partial refusal of the sign FIER D'ETRE PARISIEN was upheld and the new documents were set aside. The firm therefore gathers, before the time limit expires, the arguments on how the sign is perceived and the relevant evidence of use.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does a similar trademark already registered in another class prevent a filing?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not automatically, but a difference of class is not enough to rule out the risk. The conflict is assessed between the signs and between the goods or services, without stopping at the class number (Article L. 711-3 of the Intellectual Property Code). Two goods of different kinds may be held similar where they meet the same needs, are sold in the same outlets or are used together. The Paris Court of Appeal held so in a case that went against the applicant: the application for RIMBAUD PARIS for clothing was blocked by an opposition based on an earlier RIMBAUD trademark covering perfumes and cosmetics, the court holding that \\\"a low degree of similarity between the goods or services may be offset by a high degree of similarity between the signs and vice versa\\\" (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 2 April 2025, No. 23\/12289) (our translation). The prior-rights search must therefore cover the classes close to the business, not just the main class. Where a risk appears, the firm considers narrowing the specification, modifying the sign, checking the use of the earlier trademark or requesting a coexistence agreement.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a company name or a domain name block a trademark application?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. An opposition may be based on a company name, or on a trade name, a shop sign or a domain name whose reach is not merely local, if there is a risk of confusion in the mind of the public (Article L. 712-4 of the Intellectual Property Code). These rights do not appear in the trademark registers: a search limited to the INPI is not enough. The Court of Cassation states that \\\"the holder of a prior right may bring an action for nullity of the registered trademark if there is a risk of confusion in the mind of the public, even where the holder of the contested trademark has a right older than that of the third party challenging it\\\" (Cass. com., 10 January 2024, No. 22-21.716) (our translation). In the case decided, regional companies were able to defend their company names against the trademark filed by a company of the same network. An applicant who considers that the third party tolerated its use must prove it: \\\"A party who raises time bar by acquiescence against an action for nullity of its trademark must show its honest and continuous use for more than five years, which cannot be inferred from its registration alone, together with the knowledge of that use held by the holder of the prior right who is being set against it\\\" (Cass. com., 6 April 2022, No. 17-28.116) (our translation). This time bar requires five consecutive years of tolerance with knowledge of the use, and does not apply against a trademark filed in bad faith (Article L. 716-2-8 of the Intellectual Property Code).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a slogan or a laudatory term be registered as a trademark?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A slogan can be registered if it is perceived as an indication of commercial origin, and not as a mere promotional message. The assessment concerns the sign taken as a whole, in relation to the goods and services concerned and the relevant public. The Court of Cassation holds that distinctive character \\\"is assessed at the filing date in light of the relevant public's knowledge of the contested term\\\" (Cass. com., 6 December 2023, No. 22-16.078) (our translation). In a decision against the applicant, the Paris Court of Appeal dismissed the challenge to the refusal of the sign O.U.I - ORIGINAL UNIQUE INDIVIDUEL for cosmetics, noting that the string of adjectives would be understood as a slogan praising the products, and recalling that \\\"the Institute is not bound by its earlier decisions\\\" (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 27 March 2026, No. 24\/15714) (our translation). The past registration of comparable signs therefore guarantees nothing. The firm tests how the slogan is perceived, looks for a more arbitrary construction or gathers evidence of distinctiveness acquired through use before filing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a name designating a regulated activity or a generic term be registered?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The sign must not be contrary to public policy or its use prohibited by law, and it must not be limited to the customary designation of the goods or services (Article L. 711-2 of the Intellectual Property Code). Such a characterisation is not automatic, however. The Court of Cassation has held that \\\"the fact that a term is the legal designation of a regulated activity is not enough to make it a sign contrary to public policy\\\" (Cass. com., 14 October 2020, No. 18-16.887) (our translation). In that case, the collective mark CR\u00c9DIT MUTUEL was upheld, the court of appeal having found, product by product, that the public perceived the sign as designating the commercial origin of the group's services, following long-standing and documented use. That outcome rests on distinctiveness acquired through use, established by documents and a survey; it does not allow a new generic term to be registered. For a business launching an activity, the firm generally advises against signs that describe the service and steers towards an arbitrary element, possibly combined with the descriptive term.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What can I do if a third party files your trademark before you, or in fraud of your rights?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Two routes exist. An action to claim ownership allows a person who considers that they have a right in the trademark to obtain its transfer where registration was applied for in fraud of their rights or in breach of a legal or contractual obligation; it is subject to a five-year limitation period from publication, unless the applicant acted in bad faith (Article L. 712-6 of the Intellectual Property Code). An action for nullity for a bad-faith filing aims to remove the title and is not subject to any limitation period, save for statutory exceptions (Article L. 716-2-6 of the Intellectual Property Code). These claims are not interchangeable: a claim for ownership leaves the trademark in place for the claimant and \\\"does not pursue the same ends as an application for nullity of such a filing, which aims to annul that industrial property title\\\" (Cass. com., 28 January 2026, No. 24-14.760) (our translation). The same decision accepts that bad faith may be established by a body of evidence without any risk of confusion being shown. The Court of Cassation adds that \\\"bad faith does not require, to be established, that a specific third party be targeted\\\" (Cass. com., 13 November 2025, No. 24-14.355) (our translation). The choice between the two routes is made in light of the chronology and of the interest in recovering or removing the title.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When and how should a registered trademark be renewed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Registration lasts ten years from the filing date and is renewable without limit, and may be limited to some of the goods or services designated; by contrast, a change to the sign or an extension of the list requires a new application (Article L. 712-9 of the Intellectual Property Code). The renewal declaration is filed in the year preceding expiry, with an additional period of six months on payment of a supplementary fee (Article R. 712-24 of the Intellectual Property Code). The INPI informs the holder, but the absence of such information has no effect on expiry. These time limits are strict. The Court of Cassation holds that \\\"The time limit for declaring the renewal of a trademark registration with the INPI is not contentious in nature\\\" and approves the exclusion of relief from forfeiture for that time limit (Cass. com., 15 October 2025, No. 24-10.651) (our translation). It nevertheless set aside the rejection of renewal in the particular case of a claimant who could be entered in the register only after proceedings lasting more than thirteen years, by postponing the start of the time limit to that entry. This case-specific solution does not remove the need to monitor deadlines. The firm enters each date in the calendar and checks, before renewal, that the specification still matches actual use.\"}}]}<\/script><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Trademark registration lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/trademark-registration-lawyer-paris\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": \"Mo-Su 00:00-24:00\"}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div 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class: .elementor-element-bcaeb6b *\/.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-bcaeb6b {\n    position: absolute;\n    width: 0;\n    height: 0;\n    overflow: hidden;\n    opacity: 0;\n    pointer-events: none;\n  }\/* End custom CSS *\/\n\/* Start custom CSS for container, class: .elementor-element-5bca5836 *\/.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 {\n  position: relative;\n  box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.1);\n  transition: all 1.2s cubic-bezier(0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1);\n  \n  \/* Interlignage responsive pour le texte contenu *\/\n  line-height: clamp(1.5, 1.4 + 0.2vw, 1.8);\n  \n  \/* R\u00e9duction de la taille du texte normal *\/\n  font-size: 0.9em;\n}\n\/* Assurer que le contenu soit au-dessus des pseudo-\u00e9l\u00e9ments *\/\n.elementor-1983483 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > * {\n  position: relative;\n  z-index: 1;\n}\n\/* Interlignage + r\u00e9duction taille pour les titres *\/\n.elementor-1983483 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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