{"id":2161211,"date":"2026-11-01T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161211"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:42:54","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:42:54","slug":"it-litigation-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-litigation-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"IT litigation lawyer in Paris: failed projects, expert assessment, termination and quantifying loss"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161211\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161211 elementor-2160653\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-contentieux-informatique-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Failed project, ERP, bespoke software, application: expert assessment, termination, quantifying loss<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>IT litigation lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> failed projects, court-appointed expert assessment, termination and quantifying loss.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">An ERP that never goes live, an application delivered unusable, a bespoke development abandoned midway: as an IT litigation lawyer in Paris, the firm sees these disputes decided on three grounds in turn. Technical evidence first, often through an expert assessment. The fate of the contract next, between continuing and termination. The amount last, restitution and damages, item by item.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">Before uninstalling the solution, handing the recovery to another provider or serving notice of termination, keep the delivered versions, the access credentials and the project correspondence: a modification or an uninstallation can compromise the examination of the system's initial state.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">IT litigation \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the contract, its functional appendices, the schedules, the steering committee minutes, the tickets and the latest correspondence: the firm reviews the available evidence, the available routes out of the contract and the sums that can be claimed.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Digital law \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What an <em>IT litigation lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Digital law<\/li><li>IT project litigation<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer (avocat) at the Paris Bar, can act in disputes arising from failed IT projects: software package integration, bespoke development, mobile applications, platforms or management software.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm can act for the client company as well as for the software publisher or services company. It first examines what the contract promised, what the deliverables show and what each party did or failed to do during the project.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The strategy follows a precise order: establish the technical evidence, choose the fate of the contract, then quantify the loss. A poorly framed expert assessment, a termination served too early or a loss asserted without sufficient documents can overturn a case that is otherwise strong on the merits.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Technical evidence<\/h3><p>An expert's brief drafted around the real points of disagreement, the deposit paid into court on time, written observations filed during the expert's operations: an expert assessment is prepared like proceedings.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The fate of the contract<\/h3><p>Judicial termination, termination clause or notice of termination at the creditor's own risk: each route has its conditions, and an unjustified termination is paid for in damages.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Quantifying the loss<\/h3><p>Restitution on one side, loss on the other: sums to be returned are justified by the payments made and services exchanged, and each head of loss by its own documents and by its link with the non-performance found.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Expert assessment, termination, restitution: <em>the rules that decide<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules govern the exit from a failed IT project.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Evidence before trial rests on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile)<\/a>: the judge may order a measure of inquiry on application or in urgent proceedings where there is a legitimate reason to establish or preserve facts relevant to a future dispute. In an ERP replacement whose go-live had slipped, the president of the Paris economic activities court (tribunal des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques) instructed the expert to \"state whether the deadlines as contractually set could or could not technically be met\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69d09825cdc6046d470f9eb2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TAE Paris, r\u00e9f., 24 January 2025, No. 2024046137<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Termination follows <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1224 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a>: a termination clause, notice from the creditor where the non-performance is sufficiently serious, or a court decision. Outside cases of urgency, notice requires a prior formal notice announcing termination, and the creditor bears the burden of proving seriousness if the debtor disputes it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1226 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation penalises a termination \"from which it followed that the termination was unjustified and not merely abrupt\" (our translation) where no serious non-performance is established (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6799ceeeda62992b3320cee7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 29 January 2025, No. 23-17.795<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Restitution depends on the usefulness of the services: a solution that was only worth anything once completed gives rise to full restitution; if the services were useful as the contract was performed on both sides, nothing is returned for the period preceding the last service left without consideration (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041457\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1229 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The Court of Cassation holds that \"the acceptance of shared fault does not preclude restitution\" (our translation) in a dispute over a white-label mobile application (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6644506db94eb60008b3d0f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 May 2024, No. 23-13.990<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Damages cover the loss suffered and the profit lost (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010125\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010125\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-2 of the Civil Code<\/a>), within the limit of what could have been foreseen when the contract was concluded, except in cases of gross negligence or wilful misconduct (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-3 of the Civil Code<\/a>). The Toulouse court of appeal recalls that \"gross negligence is characterised by conduct of extreme seriousness bordering on wilful misconduct\" (our translation) and ruled out that characterisation for lack of supporting documents (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6926a17f77bf00d0f5e91a13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Restitution is not compensation: restitution puts the parties back in their previous position, whereas damages require a proven loss tied to a specific fault.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>The documents to gather depending on <em>your side of the project<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The same project produces two opposing cases: only dated documents decide between the versions.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are the client company<\/p><ul><li>Contract, functional appendices, commercial proposal and successive amendments or purchase orders<\/li><li>Schedules, steering committee minutes, tickets opened and the answers received<\/li><li>Delivered versions, test environments, access credentials and technical logs preserved as they stand<\/li><li>Paid invoices, internal time records, quotes or invoices from the replacement provider<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are the software publisher or integrator<\/p><ul><li>Reminders sent to the client, data or approvals awaited and left unanswered<\/li><li>Out-of-scope change requests, quotes proposed and any refusals<\/li><li>Incident tracking tables with opening and closing dates<\/li><li>Termination letter received, formal notice missing or incomplete, invoices left unpaid<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not cut off access, migrate data or destroy any environment until a bailiff's report or an expert assessment has fixed the state of the system.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>IT contracts<\/li><li>Court-appointed expert assessment<\/li><li>Termination clause<\/li><li>Economic loss<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>handles the case<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A four-step sequence, from securing the evidence to the final quantification.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reconstructing the project<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm arranges the documents by date, distinguishes contractual commitments from mere exchanges and identifies the points at which the project tipped.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Framing the technical evidence<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">A bailiff's report, an adversarial audit or a court-appointed expert assessment: the choice depends on what is disputed. If an expert assessment is necessary, the firm proposes a precise brief on causes, attribution and costs.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Choosing the fate of the contract<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Continuing with a deadline, termination by the judge or notice after formal notice: the firm checks the termination clause, the seriousness that can be demonstrated and the risk of a termination being held unjustified.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Quantifying and negotiating<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Restitution, replacement cost overrun, lost margin: each item is tied to a document. The quantified case also serves as a basis for a settlement where the parties have an interest in one.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>An inflated claim weakens the serious claim: judges readily set aside items asserted without supporting documents, even where the provider's fault is established.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>How <em>a failed project unfolds before the judge<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the first delays to the judgment on restitution and loss.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Delays and defects<\/p><p><strong>From the first slippages.<\/strong> Record in writing every blocking defect, every reminder and every missed delivery date.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Securing the evidence<\/p><p>Preserve versions, access credentials and environments; have the state of the system recorded before any takeover by a third party.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Formal notice<\/p><p>List the breaches, set a reasonable deadline and, where appropriate, announce termination in the absence of performance.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Expert assessment<\/p><p>Application under Article 145, payment of the deposit into court, meetings, written observations, then the report.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Action on the merits<\/p><p>Termination or performance, restitution and damages, supported by the report and the accounting documents.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Decision or agreement<\/p><p>The judge decides the fate of the contract, restitution and compensation; a settlement can be reached at any stage.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before any termination<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A badly prepared termination turns the creditor into a debtor.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Actual scope: what the contract, its appendices and the committee approvals required, and what amounted to changes to be invoiced.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Demonstrable seriousness: blocking defects, repeated delays, an unusable solution, established by documents and not by impressions.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Formalities: termination clause, formal notice announcing termination, reasonable deadline, whether or not there is a genuine urgency.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Client cooperation: answers to reminders, data supplied, contacts available throughout the project.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Quantification: sums paid, replacement costs, internal time and operating losses, each supported by a document.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>exit<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Six common configurations and the first priority in each.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>ERP whose go-live is repeatedly postponed<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Successive schedules, minutes, items expected from the client and whether they were supplied.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Act before a takeover by a third party makes examination impossible.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Expert assessment on deadlines, causes and attribution, then a decision on the contract.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Turnkey software delivered incomplete<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Contract describing an operational solution, report of a partial migration, requests for additional payment.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Serve formal notice as soon as completion is made conditional on a new quote.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Judicial termination and restitution of the sums paid if the solution is of no use.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Bespoke development that is unusable<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Technical audit, absent tests, incomplete documentation, documented deployment failures.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Serve notice of termination only after the formal notice provided for in the contract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Termination clause, restitution of deposits and defence against the provider's invoices.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Mobile application never put online<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Contractual timetable, user feedback, delays attributable to each party.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Assess your own share of the delay early, before terminating.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Restitution of the deposit despite shared fault, then allocation of responsibility.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Client who terminates without formal notice<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Reminders left unanswered, incidents closed, absence of urgency.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Challenge the termination quickly and claim the invoices due.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Have the termination held unjustified and obtain compensation for the lost profit.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Alleged operating loss<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Accounts, margins, internal time recorded, replacement quotes, opinion of a chartered accountant.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Timing:<\/strong> Gather the accounting documents during the expert assessment, not after the report.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Item-by-item quantification, with a financial assistant expert (sapiteur) if the brief provides for one.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>IT litigation<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Our IT project has failed: where do we start the case?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Start by fixing the facts before choosing a remedy. A failed-project case answers three questions: what was meant to be delivered, what actually was, and who caused the gap. Gather the contract and its functional appendices, the successive schedules, the committee minutes, the tickets and the emails that record both the requests and the answers. Keep the delivered versions and test environments intact, because a modification or an uninstallation can compromise the examination of their initial state. The choice of remedy comes next: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1217 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a> allows the creditor to suspend its own performance, to seek enforcement, to obtain a price reduction, to bring about termination or to claim damages, these remedies being cumulative where they remain compatible. The chronology must also show your own cooperation. In a software package dispute, the Lyon court of appeal rejected the complaints of a client that had stopped answering the publisher's reminders, holding that \"While it is true that Val Software was subject to an enhanced obligation of best efforts, that obligation could only be met if the client answered its requests for improvement of the software\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a9fb154195da062e09e0012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916<\/a>). The firm reconstructs this thread document by document before any letter to the opposing party.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>When should we seek a court-ordered IT expert assessment before any trial?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>When the cause of the failures is disputed and the evidence risks disappearing. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile)<\/a> authorises a measure of inquiry before any trial, on application or in urgent proceedings, if a legitimate reason justifies establishing or preserving evidence of facts on which the outcome of the dispute will depend; in the wording applicable since 1 September 2025, it leaves the applicant the choice between the court deciding the merits and the court of the place where the measure is to be carried out. That reason must be proved. The Court of Cassation recalls that \"The assessment of the legitimate reason within the meaning of this provision falls within the sovereign discretion of the trial judge\" (our translation) and approved a refusal of a measure based on mere suspicions with no specific fact (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fd871791a5fed8c660cf88c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 10 December 2020, No. 19-22.619<\/a>). Conversely, in an ERP replacement whose launch had been delayed, the urgent applications judge of the Paris economic activities court ordered an expert assessment, specifying that the measure \"must be strictly limited to establishing or preserving evidence\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69d09825cdc6046d470f9eb2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TAE Paris, r\u00e9f., 24 January 2025, No. 2024046137<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410394\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410394\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 263<\/a> also reserves expert assessment for cases where a factual finding or a consultation would not suffice. If the judge grants an application for an expert assessment made before trial, the time limit for acting is suspended, then resumes from the day the measure was carried out, and may not then be less than six months (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017360\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017360\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 2239 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should the expert's brief contain in a failed project?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The brief must target the points that are genuinely disputed, failing which the report will miss the mark. The judge appoints a technician to inform the court on questions of fact (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410362\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410362\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 232 of the French Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>): it is therefore for the parties to propose precise questions. In an integration project, the useful questions concern the state and conformity of the deliverables against the specifications, the causes of the delays, what each party was to supply, the attribution of the defects and the cost of a recovery. The urgent applications judge of the Paris economic activities court (tribunal des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques) accordingly asked the expert to \"state whether the deadlines as contractually set could or could not technically be met\" (our translation), and to state which items the client was to hand over to allow the configuration work (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/69d09825cdc6046d470f9eb2\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TAE Paris, r\u00e9f., 24 January 2025, No. 2024046137<\/a>). Where quantification requires financial competence, the expert may obtain the opinion of another technician in a speciality distinct from their own (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410417\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410417\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 278<\/a>). This is no minor point: in the case decided by the Toulouse court of appeal, the assistant expert (sapiteur) appointed on the loss had been challenged by the claimant, which then refused to pay the deposit, so that the expert could not assess the loss (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6926a17f77bf00d0f5e91a13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664<\/a>). The firm drafts a proposed brief and defends it at the hearing.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens if a party does not pay the expert's deposit into court?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The judge sets a deposit on account of the expert's fees and designates the party that must pay it into court, within the time limit the judge sets (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410403\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410403\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 269 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). Failing payment, the appointment lapses, unless extended or relief from lapse is granted for a legitimate reason; the proceedings continue, but the judge may draw any consequence from the abstention or refusal (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410407\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 271<\/a>). These consequences are real. In a bespoke development worth \u20ac810,000 excl. VAT, the Paris court of appeal noted that \"since Finance Factory did not pay the fees called by the expert, the expert was unable to carry out the first assignment that was decisive for the court\" (our translation), then relied on the client's private audit and on the project correspondence to confirm termination and order restitution of \u20ac480,000 (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ad75eae7a10202137e85dc1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211<\/a>). A refusal to pay the deposit can also turn against the claimant: the Toulouse court of appeal reminded a company that had refused to pay the deposit that \"It is therefore for it to justify its loss and the direct causal link with the sole fault found against SA Orange\" (our translation), and rejected its claims for lost customers and turnover (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6926a17f77bf00d0f5e91a13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664<\/a>). Before giving up an expert assessment for cost reasons, weigh this evidential risk.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is a private audit enough to prove the project failed?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It is useful, but rarely sufficient on its own. The judge may rely only on documents the parties have been able to discuss in adversarial proceedings (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410109\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The Court of Cassation infers from this that, while the judge must examine a document properly produced, the judge \"may not rely exclusively on a non-judicial expert report carried out at the request of one of the parties\" (our translation); it so held in an inheritance dispute, but the rule applies to any report commissioned by one party alone (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/678787b1012a55caa6d166fd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 15 January 2025, No. 22-21.949<\/a>). A private audit must therefore be corroborated. In the Finance Factory case, the Paris court of appeal accepted the findings of the client's audit firm, which noted in particular the instability of the application, erroneous calculations, the absence of tests and incomplete documentation, because the provider's emails did not contradict them and the court-appointed expert assessment could not take place because of the provider (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ad75eae7a10202137e85dc1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211<\/a>). Conversely, a report made too late loses its force: the Lyon court of appeal denied any probative value to a report drawn up after the termination, when the client no longer had access to the software (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a9fb154195da062e09e0012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916<\/a>). The firm has the audit carried out before termination and puts it, as soon as possible, to the other party's observations.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a court-appointed IT expert report be challenged?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, during the expert's operations and then before the judge, but on distinct grounds. During the assessment, the expert must take the parties' written observations into consideration, attach them to the opinion if the parties so request and indicate what follow-up was given to them; the expert is not required to take into account those filed after the deadline set, except for a serious and duly justified cause reported to the judge, and the last written observations must briefly restate the earlier ones, failing which these are deemed abandoned (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410415\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 276 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). These observations, known as dires, are the moment to discuss method, tests and attribution. After the report is filed, nullity of the report is governed by the regime for procedural acts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410301\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410301\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 175<\/a>): it requires, in principle, proof of a prejudice caused by the irregularity (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410221\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410221\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 114<\/a>). The Toulouse court of appeal accordingly rejected the application of a telecoms operator that complained that the expert had not answered its observations, after noting that \"The court notes that SA Orange does not specify what prejudice it suffered after the expert report was filed\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6926a17f77bf00d0f5e91a13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664<\/a>). The most effective challenge therefore often remains technical: showing, with documents, that the expert did not examine a decisive point, or that the conclusions do not follow from the findings. The firm prepares the observations as the meetings proceed rather than on the eve of the report.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Judicial termination or termination by notice: which to choose?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Termination can always be sought from the judge (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041467\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041467\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1227 of the Civil Code<\/a>), who may also grant the debtor a period of grace or award only damages (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041462\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041462\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1228<\/a>). Notice is quicker but at the creditor's own risk: outside cases of urgency, it requires a prior formal notice expressly announcing termination, then a reasoned notice, and it is for the creditor to establish the seriousness of the breach when the debtor goes to court (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1226<\/a>). The risk is concrete. The Lyon court of appeal confirmed termination at the sole fault of a client that had ended a software package contract with immediate effect, without formal notice or urgency, while the publisher was awaiting its answers (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a9fb154195da062e09e0012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916<\/a>). The Court of Cassation specifies, in a consultancy dispute unrelated to IT, that a termination without serious non-performance is wrongful in itself: the court of appeal could not characterise it as merely abrupt, \"from which it followed that the termination was unjustified and not merely abrupt\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6799ceeeda62992b3320cee7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 29 January 2025, No. 23-17.795<\/a>). If the creditor relies on a termination clause, termination requires, unless otherwise stipulated, an unsuccessful formal notice expressly mentioning the clause (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041477\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041477\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1225 of the Civil Code<\/a>); this route remains distinct from judicial termination and from notice. The firm chooses the judicial route where seriousness is arguable, and reserves notice for documented failures.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does shared fault prevent us from recovering the deposit paid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No, and this is the main lesson of a white-label mobile application dispute. The client had paid a deposit of \u20ac62,640; the court of appeal had pronounced termination at shared fault and refused any restitution. The Court of Cassation quashed that judgment on the ground that \"the acceptance of shared fault does not preclude restitution\" (our translation), and required the judge to examine each party's share of responsibility and each party's loss before rejecting the claims for damages (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6644506db94eb60008b3d0f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 May 2024, No. 23-13.990<\/a>). The same judgment contains a ruling unfavourable to the client: the complaint of failure to advise was rejected, because \"the competence of Amarris enabled it to appreciate the exact scope of the technical characteristics of the goods and services supplied to it\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6644506db94eb60008b3d0f7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 May 2024, No. 23-13.990<\/a>). On remand, the Paris court of appeal held that \"The fault committed by a contracting party giving rise to the termination of the contract does not preclude its right to restitution\" (our translation), confirmed restitution of the \u20ac62,640, then allocated responsibility at 70% to the provider and 30% to the client (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/698ecb56cdc6046d472a3c81\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726<\/a>). Holding against the client the delay in developing its interface and a termination without the formal notice required by the contract, the court ordered it to pay the provider \u20ac31,800 in damages, while awarding it \u20ac9,097.13, so that after set-off it remained a debtor for \u20ac22,702.87. Restitution and compensation are therefore calculated separately.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What sums are returned after termination of an IT contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It all depends on the usefulness the services had before completion. If the solution was of interest only once fully delivered, each party returns what it received; if the services were useful as the contract was performed on both sides, nothing is returned for the period preceding the last service left without consideration, which is then termed r\u00e9siliation rather than r\u00e9solution (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041457\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1229 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Restitution of a service is made in value, assessed as at the date it was supplied (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035828\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032035828\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1352-8<\/a>). In a caterer dispute unrelated to IT, the Court of Cassation set aside a refusal to return a deposit, the court of appeal having ruled so \"although it noted that the services that were the subject of the contract had not been performed\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/63c79f00da31367c908eb90c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 18 January 2023, No. 21-16.812<\/a>). Applied to IT projects, the rule leads to full restitution where nothing usable was delivered: the Paris court of appeal ordered restitution of \u20ac32,628.01 for management software presented as turnkey, left unfinished after a partial data migration (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/692aac55afcd9ba2a737ab40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 28 November 2025, No. 23\/12938<\/a>), and of \u20ac480,000 for a bespoke development never delivered on the terms of the contract (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ad75eae7a10202137e85dc1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211<\/a>). The firm first characterises the economics of the contract, licence, integration or maintenance, because it governs the extent of restitution.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is the loss from a failed IT project quantified?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Item by item, distinguishing what falls under restitution from what falls under compensation. A defaulting debtor answers for the loss it caused the creditor and the profit it deprived it of (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010125\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010125\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-2 of the Civil Code<\/a>), but, except in cases of gross negligence or wilful misconduct, only for the damage that could have been foreseen when the contract was concluded (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-3<\/a>). Gross negligence remains exceptional: the Toulouse court of appeal ruled it out, recalling that \"gross negligence is characterised by conduct of extreme seriousness bordering on wilful misconduct\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6926a17f77bf00d0f5e91a13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664<\/a>). The usual items are the extra cost of recovery by another provider, keeping the old system running, licences paid for without use and operating loss. To have the obligation performed by a third party at the debtor's expense, the creditor must first give formal notice, then act within a reasonable time and at a reasonable cost as well (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041492\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041492\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1222 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Lost profit is measured in margin, not in turnover: on remand after cassation, the Paris court of appeal held that \"The exploitation of the licences is a profit of which Smartpush was deprived and whose compensation equals the margin loss likely to have been made\" (our translation), applying a 50% margin weighted by the client's share of responsibility (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/698ecb56cdc6046d472a3c81\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726<\/a>). The firm builds the quantification with the accounting documents and, if needed, a chartered accountant.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can internal hours lost on the project be compensated?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>They can, provided they are justified. In the mobile application dispute, the Paris court of appeal awarded the client \u20ac1,250.97 for the time its employees devoted to the project, on a count justified by the number of people involved (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/698ecb56cdc6046d472a3c81\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726<\/a>), after applying its share of responsibility. Conversely, in the turnkey management software dispute, the Paris court of appeal ordered restitution of the price while rejecting the \u20ac10,000 claimed for the mobilisation of teams, the client having claimed \"without however producing supporting documents enabling the reality of the corresponding consideration to be assessed\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/692aac55afcd9ba2a737ab40\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 28 November 2025, No. 23\/12938<\/a>). In the Finance Factory case, the same chamber rejected a claim of \u20ac349,182 for internal and external costs incurred to no purpose, noting that the client had subsequently been able to develop its application without justifying the price or the expenses incurred (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ad75eae7a10202137e85dc1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211<\/a>). It added that \"the costs it also incurred to establish proof of its loss fall to be assessed under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure\" (our translation), that is, a sum fixed in equity for the costs of the proceedings (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045268436\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045268436\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). To avoid such rejections, you need timesheets contemporaneous with the project, the identity of the people assigned, their salary cost and proof that this time was lost rather than reused. The firm gathers these items as soon as the dispute opens.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Lost turnover or loss of chance: what does the judge accept?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The judge accepts the profit of which the breach deprived the company, provided the causal link is demonstrated. A growth projection is not enough. In the case decided by the Toulouse court of appeal, the company claimed that it had expected growth of 12.11% and had suffered a decline of 4.89%; the court held that the link between the slowdowns of its business software and that development was not established, other causes appearing in the documents (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6926a17f77bf00d0f5e91a13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664<\/a>). Where the hoped-for result remains uncertain, the loss takes the form of a loss of chance. The Court of Cassation holds, in a share-transfer dispute unrelated to IT, that \"compensation for a loss of chance must be measured by the chance lost and cannot be equal to the advantage that the chance would have provided had it materialised\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67d12f55a74c455c1adcab57\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 12 March 2025, No. 23-16.460<\/a>). A missed commercial launch, a lost client contract or a cost saving not achieved are lost profit where their realisation is established, and loss of chance where it remained uncertain: in the latter case only, compensation is measured by the chance lost, and not by the whole gain. The firm bases this assessment on comparative accounting data, on existing commercial commitments and, where the brief allows, on the opinion of a financial assistant expert (sapiteur) appointed in the expert assessment.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the provider obtain compensation when the client terminates without sufficient grounds?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. A provider that suffers an unjustified termination can claim the invoices that have fallen due, then compensation for the loss suffered and the profit lost. The Court of Cassation set aside a judgment that had limited compensation to the abrupt nature of the termination, although no serious non-performance was established, \"from which it followed that the termination was unjustified and not merely abrupt\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6799ceeeda62992b3320cee7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 29 January 2025, No. 23-17.795<\/a>). In the mobile application dispute, the Paris court of appeal, having set the client's share in the termination at 30%, notably because of a termination without the contractual formal notice, awarded the provider \u20ac31,800 for the deposit excl. VAT that was used and then returned and for its lost margin over three years of licences (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/698ecb56cdc6046d472a3c81\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726<\/a>). The Lyon court of appeal confirmed termination at the sole fault of a client that had stopped answering the publisher's reminders before terminating with immediate effect (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a9fb154195da062e09e0012\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916<\/a>). The provider's defence rests on its reminders, its priced proposals, incident tracking and proof of out-of-scope requests. The firm also checks the limitation-of-liability clause and the caps provided in the contract, which can work in both directions.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">measure of inquiry before any trial<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410415\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410415\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 276 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">parties' observations during the expert assessment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410407\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410407\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 271 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">failure to pay the deposit into court<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1224 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">the three routes to termination<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041472\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1226 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">termination by notice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041457\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041457\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1229 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">effects of termination and restitution<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010125\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010125\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1231-2 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">loss suffered and profit lost<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010127\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1231-3 of the Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">foreseeable damage, gross negligence or wilful misconduct<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/digital-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Digital law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-contract-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">IT contracts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/information-technology-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">IT lawyer<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/cybersecurity-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Cybersecurity<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A failed IT project to resolve? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the contract, the correspondence and the project deliverables: the firm examines the evidence to preserve, the route out of the contract and the quantification that can be defended.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Our IT project has failed: where do we start the case?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Start by fixing the facts before choosing a remedy. A failed-project case answers three questions: what was meant to be delivered, what actually was, and who caused the gap. Gather the contract and its functional appendices, the successive schedules, the committee minutes, the tickets and the emails that record both the requests and the answers. Keep the delivered versions and test environments intact, because a modification or an uninstallation can compromise the examination of their initial state. The choice of remedy comes next: Article 1217 of the French Civil Code (Code civil) allows the creditor to suspend its own performance, to seek enforcement, to obtain a price reduction, to bring about termination or to claim damages, these remedies being cumulative where they remain compatible. The chronology must also show your own cooperation. In a software package dispute, the Lyon court of appeal rejected the complaints of a client that had stopped answering the publisher's reminders, holding that \\\"While it is true that Val Software was subject to an enhanced obligation of best efforts, that obligation could only be met if the client answered its requests for improvement of the software\\\" (our translation) (CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916). The firm reconstructs this thread document by document before any letter to the opposing party.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When should we seek a court-ordered IT expert assessment before any trial?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"When the cause of the failures is disputed and the evidence risks disappearing. Article 145 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile) authorises a measure of inquiry before any trial, on application or in urgent proceedings, if a legitimate reason justifies establishing or preserving evidence of facts on which the outcome of the dispute will depend; in the wording applicable since 1 September 2025, it leaves the applicant the choice between the court deciding the merits and the court of the place where the measure is to be carried out. That reason must be proved. The Court of Cassation recalls that \\\"The assessment of the legitimate reason within the meaning of this provision falls within the sovereign discretion of the trial judge\\\" (our translation) and approved a refusal of a measure based on mere suspicions with no specific fact (Cass. 2e civ., 10 December 2020, No. 19-22.619). Conversely, in an ERP replacement whose launch had been delayed, the urgent applications judge of the Paris economic activities court ordered an expert assessment, specifying that the measure \\\"must be strictly limited to establishing or preserving evidence\\\" (our translation) (TAE Paris, r\u00e9f., 24 January 2025, No. 2024046137). Article 263 also reserves expert assessment for cases where a factual finding or a consultation would not suffice. If the judge grants an application for an expert assessment made before trial, the time limit for acting is suspended, then resumes from the day the measure was carried out, and may not then be less than six months (Article 2239 of the Civil Code).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should the expert's brief contain in a failed project?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The brief must target the points that are genuinely disputed, failing which the report will miss the mark. The judge appoints a technician to inform the court on questions of fact (Article 232 of the French Code of Civil Procedure): it is therefore for the parties to propose precise questions. In an integration project, the useful questions concern the state and conformity of the deliverables against the specifications, the causes of the delays, what each party was to supply, the attribution of the defects and the cost of a recovery. The urgent applications judge of the Paris economic activities court (tribunal des activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques) accordingly asked the expert to \\\"state whether the deadlines as contractually set could or could not technically be met\\\" (our translation), and to state which items the client was to hand over to allow the configuration work (TAE Paris, r\u00e9f., 24 January 2025, No. 2024046137). Where quantification requires financial competence, the expert may obtain the opinion of another technician in a speciality distinct from their own (Article 278). This is no minor point: in the case decided by the Toulouse court of appeal, the assistant expert (sapiteur) appointed on the loss had been challenged by the claimant, which then refused to pay the deposit, so that the expert could not assess the loss (CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664). The firm drafts a proposed brief and defends it at the hearing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens if a party does not pay the expert's deposit into court?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The judge sets a deposit on account of the expert's fees and designates the party that must pay it into court, within the time limit the judge sets (Article 269 of the Code of Civil Procedure). Failing payment, the appointment lapses, unless extended or relief from lapse is granted for a legitimate reason; the proceedings continue, but the judge may draw any consequence from the abstention or refusal (Article 271). These consequences are real. In a bespoke development worth \u20ac810,000 excl. VAT, the Paris court of appeal noted that \\\"since Finance Factory did not pay the fees called by the expert, the expert was unable to carry out the first assignment that was decisive for the court\\\" (our translation), then relied on the client's private audit and on the project correspondence to confirm termination and order restitution of \u20ac480,000 (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211). A refusal to pay the deposit can also turn against the claimant: the Toulouse court of appeal reminded a company that had refused to pay the deposit that \\\"It is therefore for it to justify its loss and the direct causal link with the sole fault found against SA Orange\\\" (our translation), and rejected its claims for lost customers and turnover (CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664). Before giving up an expert assessment for cost reasons, weigh this evidential risk.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a private audit enough to prove the project failed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is useful, but rarely sufficient on its own. The judge may rely only on documents the parties have been able to discuss in adversarial proceedings (Article 16 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The Court of Cassation infers from this that, while the judge must examine a document properly produced, the judge \\\"may not rely exclusively on a non-judicial expert report carried out at the request of one of the parties\\\" (our translation); it so held in an inheritance dispute, but the rule applies to any report commissioned by one party alone (Cass. 1re civ., 15 January 2025, No. 22-21.949). A private audit must therefore be corroborated. In the Finance Factory case, the Paris court of appeal accepted the findings of the client's audit firm, which noted in particular the instability of the application, erroneous calculations, the absence of tests and incomplete documentation, because the provider's emails did not contradict them and the court-appointed expert assessment could not take place because of the provider (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211). Conversely, a report made too late loses its force: the Lyon court of appeal denied any probative value to a report drawn up after the termination, when the client no longer had access to the software (CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916). The firm has the audit carried out before termination and puts it, as soon as possible, to the other party's observations.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a court-appointed IT expert report be challenged?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, during the expert's operations and then before the judge, but on distinct grounds. During the assessment, the expert must take the parties' written observations into consideration, attach them to the opinion if the parties so request and indicate what follow-up was given to them; the expert is not required to take into account those filed after the deadline set, except for a serious and duly justified cause reported to the judge, and the last written observations must briefly restate the earlier ones, failing which these are deemed abandoned (Article 276 of the Code of Civil Procedure). These observations, known as dires, are the moment to discuss method, tests and attribution. After the report is filed, nullity of the report is governed by the regime for procedural acts (Article 175): it requires, in principle, proof of a prejudice caused by the irregularity (Article 114). The Toulouse court of appeal accordingly rejected the application of a telecoms operator that complained that the expert had not answered its observations, after noting that \\\"The court notes that SA Orange does not specify what prejudice it suffered after the expert report was filed\\\" (our translation) (CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664). The most effective challenge therefore often remains technical: showing, with documents, that the expert did not examine a decisive point, or that the conclusions do not follow from the findings. The firm prepares the observations as the meetings proceed rather than on the eve of the report.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Judicial termination or termination by notice: which to choose?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Termination can always be sought from the judge (Article 1227 of the Civil Code), who may also grant the debtor a period of grace or award only damages (Article 1228). Notice is quicker but at the creditor's own risk: outside cases of urgency, it requires a prior formal notice expressly announcing termination, then a reasoned notice, and it is for the creditor to establish the seriousness of the breach when the debtor goes to court (Article 1226). The risk is concrete. The Lyon court of appeal confirmed termination at the sole fault of a client that had ended a software package contract with immediate effect, without formal notice or urgency, while the publisher was awaiting its answers (CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916). The Court of Cassation specifies, in a consultancy dispute unrelated to IT, that a termination without serious non-performance is wrongful in itself: the court of appeal could not characterise it as merely abrupt, \\\"from which it followed that the termination was unjustified and not merely abrupt\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 29 January 2025, No. 23-17.795). If the creditor relies on a termination clause, termination requires, unless otherwise stipulated, an unsuccessful formal notice expressly mentioning the clause (Article 1225 of the Civil Code); this route remains distinct from judicial termination and from notice. The firm chooses the judicial route where seriousness is arguable, and reserves notice for documented failures.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does shared fault prevent us from recovering the deposit paid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, and this is the main lesson of a white-label mobile application dispute. The client had paid a deposit of \u20ac62,640; the court of appeal had pronounced termination at shared fault and refused any restitution. The Court of Cassation quashed that judgment on the ground that \\\"the acceptance of shared fault does not preclude restitution\\\" (our translation), and required the judge to examine each party's share of responsibility and each party's loss before rejecting the claims for damages (Cass. com., 15 May 2024, No. 23-13.990). The same judgment contains a ruling unfavourable to the client: the complaint of failure to advise was rejected, because \\\"the competence of Amarris enabled it to appreciate the exact scope of the technical characteristics of the goods and services supplied to it\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 15 May 2024, No. 23-13.990). On remand, the Paris court of appeal held that \\\"The fault committed by a contracting party giving rise to the termination of the contract does not preclude its right to restitution\\\" (our translation), confirmed restitution of the \u20ac62,640, then allocated responsibility at 70% to the provider and 30% to the client (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726). Holding against the client the delay in developing its interface and a termination without the formal notice required by the contract, the court ordered it to pay the provider \u20ac31,800 in damages, while awarding it \u20ac9,097.13, so that after set-off it remained a debtor for \u20ac22,702.87. Restitution and compensation are therefore calculated separately.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What sums are returned after termination of an IT contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It all depends on the usefulness the services had before completion. If the solution was of interest only once fully delivered, each party returns what it received; if the services were useful as the contract was performed on both sides, nothing is returned for the period preceding the last service left without consideration, which is then termed r\u00e9siliation rather than r\u00e9solution (Article 1229 of the Civil Code). Restitution of a service is made in value, assessed as at the date it was supplied (Article 1352-8). In a caterer dispute unrelated to IT, the Court of Cassation set aside a refusal to return a deposit, the court of appeal having ruled so \\\"although it noted that the services that were the subject of the contract had not been performed\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 18 January 2023, No. 21-16.812). Applied to IT projects, the rule leads to full restitution where nothing usable was delivered: the Paris court of appeal ordered restitution of \u20ac32,628.01 for management software presented as turnkey, left unfinished after a partial data migration (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 28 November 2025, No. 23\/12938), and of \u20ac480,000 for a bespoke development never delivered on the terms of the contract (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211). The firm first characterises the economics of the contract, licence, integration or maintenance, because it governs the extent of restitution.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How is the loss from a failed IT project quantified?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Item by item, distinguishing what falls under restitution from what falls under compensation. A defaulting debtor answers for the loss it caused the creditor and the profit it deprived it of (Article 1231-2 of the Civil Code), but, except in cases of gross negligence or wilful misconduct, only for the damage that could have been foreseen when the contract was concluded (Article 1231-3). Gross negligence remains exceptional: the Toulouse court of appeal ruled it out, recalling that \\\"gross negligence is characterised by conduct of extreme seriousness bordering on wilful misconduct\\\" (our translation) (CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664). The usual items are the extra cost of recovery by another provider, keeping the old system running, licences paid for without use and operating loss. To have the obligation performed by a third party at the debtor's expense, the creditor must first give formal notice, then act within a reasonable time and at a reasonable cost as well (Article 1222 of the Civil Code). Lost profit is measured in margin, not in turnover: on remand after cassation, the Paris court of appeal held that \\\"The exploitation of the licences is a profit of which Smartpush was deprived and whose compensation equals the margin loss likely to have been made\\\" (our translation), applying a 50% margin weighted by the client's share of responsibility (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726). The firm builds the quantification with the accounting documents and, if needed, a chartered accountant.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can internal hours lost on the project be compensated?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"They can, provided they are justified. In the mobile application dispute, the Paris court of appeal awarded the client \u20ac1,250.97 for the time its employees devoted to the project, on a count justified by the number of people involved (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726), after applying its share of responsibility. Conversely, in the turnkey management software dispute, the Paris court of appeal ordered restitution of the price while rejecting the \u20ac10,000 claimed for the mobilisation of teams, the client having claimed \\\"without however producing supporting documents enabling the reality of the corresponding consideration to be assessed\\\" (our translation) (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 28 November 2025, No. 23\/12938). In the Finance Factory case, the same chamber rejected a claim of \u20ac349,182 for internal and external costs incurred to no purpose, noting that the client had subsequently been able to develop its application without justifying the price or the expenses incurred (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 11, 16 October 2026, No. 22\/07211). It added that \\\"the costs it also incurred to establish proof of its loss fall to be assessed under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure\\\" (our translation), that is, a sum fixed in equity for the costs of the proceedings (Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure). To avoid such rejections, you need timesheets contemporaneous with the project, the identity of the people assigned, their salary cost and proof that this time was lost rather than reused. The firm gathers these items as soon as the dispute opens.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Lost turnover or loss of chance: what does the judge accept?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The judge accepts the profit of which the breach deprived the company, provided the causal link is demonstrated. A growth projection is not enough. In the case decided by the Toulouse court of appeal, the company claimed that it had expected growth of 12.11% and had suffered a decline of 4.89%; the court held that the link between the slowdowns of its business software and that development was not established, other causes appearing in the documents (CA Toulouse, 2e ch., 25 November 2025, No. 23\/02664). Where the hoped-for result remains uncertain, the loss takes the form of a loss of chance. The Court of Cassation holds, in a share-transfer dispute unrelated to IT, that \\\"compensation for a loss of chance must be measured by the chance lost and cannot be equal to the advantage that the chance would have provided had it materialised\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 12 March 2025, No. 23-16.460). A missed commercial launch, a lost client contract or a cost saving not achieved are lost profit where their realisation is established, and loss of chance where it remained uncertain: in the latter case only, compensation is measured by the chance lost, and not by the whole gain. The firm bases this assessment on comparative accounting data, on existing commercial commitments and, where the brief allows, on the opinion of a financial assistant expert (sapiteur) appointed in the expert assessment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the provider obtain compensation when the client terminates without sufficient grounds?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. A provider that suffers an unjustified termination can claim the invoices that have fallen due, then compensation for the loss suffered and the profit lost. The Court of Cassation set aside a judgment that had limited compensation to the abrupt nature of the termination, although no serious non-performance was established, \\\"from which it followed that the termination was unjustified and not merely abrupt\\\" (our translation) (Cass. com., 29 January 2025, No. 23-17.795). In the mobile application dispute, the Paris court of appeal, having set the client's share in the termination at 30%, notably because of a termination without the contractual formal notice, awarded the provider \u20ac31,800 for the deposit excl. VAT that was used and then returned and for its lost margin over three years of licences (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 5, 12 February 2026, No. 24\/09726). The Lyon court of appeal confirmed termination at the sole fault of a client that had stopped answering the publisher's reminders before terminating with immediate effect (CA Lyon, 3e ch. A, 2 July 2026, No. 22\/05916). The provider's defence rests on its reminders, its priced proposals, incident tracking and proof of out-of-scope requests. 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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An ERP that never goes live, an application delivered unusable, a bespoke development abandoned midway: as an IT litigation lawyer in Paris, the firm sees these disputes decided on three [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157158,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161211","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>IT Litigation Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"IT litigation lawyer in Paris for failed ERP, bespoke software and app projects: evidence, termination, restitution and damages. 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