{"id":2161201,"date":"2026-11-01T23:35:54","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:35:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161201"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:38:04","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:38:04","slug":"mobile-app-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/mobile-app-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Mobile app lawyer in Paris: developer contract, user data and app stores"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161201\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161201 elementor-2160641\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-application-mobile-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Development contract, source code, personal data, App Store and Google Play<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Mobile app lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> developer contract, user data and app stores.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">You are launching a mobile app and entrusting it to an agency, a freelance developer or an employee. A mobile app lawyer in Paris looks first at three questions that decide what follows: what the contractor must deliver, who owns the code and the rights, and who is answerable for the data collected and for the rules imposed by the App Store and Google Play.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">Before signing the quotation or paying the balance, check that the contract describes the deliverable, the acceptance testing, the handover of the source code and the assignment of rights. Without a written agreement, paying the invoices does not transfer the copyright.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-indivision-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Mobile app \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the quotation or development contract, the specifications, your exchanges with the contractor and, where relevant, the messages received from the stores: the firm will examine the chain of rights and each party's obligations.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. Your data is used only to process your request. <a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms<\/a> \u00b7 <a href=\"\/politique-de-confidentialite\/\">Privacy policy<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/form>\n      <\/div>\n      <\/div><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-press knp\">\n<style>\n    .kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:132s}@media (max-width:600px){.kcv-press.knp ul.knp__ruban{animation-duration:96s}}\n    .knp .knp__piste:hover ul.knp__ruban,.knp.knp--ouvert ul.knp__ruban{animation-play-state:paused}\n    .knp .knp__piste:has(button:focus-visible) ul.knp__ruban{animation:none}\n    .knp button.knp__logo{all:unset;box-sizing:border-box;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;height:100%;cursor:pointer;transition:transform .2s ease}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:hover{transform:scale(1.05)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:active{transform:scale(.97)}\n    .knp button.knp__logo:focus-visible{outline:2px solid 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p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" 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class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Mobile app lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Creating an app: <em>what the contract must settle<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Digital law \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>mobile app lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Digital law<\/li><li>Apps and software<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar, can act for project owners, start-ups and SMEs having a mobile app developed, as well as for the developers and agencies who build it.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">An app brings together three legal frameworks that do not overlap. The development contract sets what is owed and when. Copyright in the software determines who may use, modify and resell the code. Personal data law identifies who is answerable for what the app collects on the user's phone.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">On 17 December 2025, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versailles Court of Appeal<\/a> held that an agency had breached its obligation to deliver a conforming product by delivering an app affected by disconnections, unexpected crashes and non-functioning geolocation. The same decision rules out any obligation to hand over the source code in the absence of a clause, and reminds the publisher that it must itself find out about data regulation. The firm starts from these three points to read your project.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The deliverable and acceptance<\/h3><p>A quotation with no agreed timetable or acceptance criteria leaves the judge with little to measure a delay or a non-conformity against.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The code and the rights<\/h3><p>Assigning copyright in software requires a written document that lists each right assigned and sets out its scope, duration and territory.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The data and the stores<\/h3><p>The publisher of the app is, in principle, responsible for data processing, and publication depends on rules set by Apple and Google.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Developer, code, data: <em>the applicable rules<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Five rules govern the creation of an app, from signing the quotation to going live.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278875\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 112-2 of the French Intellectual Property Code (Code de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle)<\/a>, software, including its preparatory design material, is a work of the mind, protected by the mere fact of its creation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042814694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042814694\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 111-1<\/a>). The Court of Cassation holds that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6079813a9ba5988459c4a386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a legal entity cannot be an author<\/a> and sets aside the judgment that had accepted this in favour of a company whose shareholders had written the software (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6079813a9ba5988459c4a386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 15 January 2015, No. 13-23.566<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The economic rights in software created by an employee in the course of their duties vest in the employer (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279818\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 113-9<\/a>). For an external contractor, transfer requires a written document (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-2<\/a>) that mentions each right assigned separately and sets the field of its use (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-3<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The development contract is performed according to its terms: if it is not performed, the client may suspend its own performance, seek enforcement in kind, a price reduction, termination or damages (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1217 of the French Civil Code<\/a>). Termination requires a sufficiently serious failure to perform (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1224<\/a>), which the Versailles Court of Appeal found for an unstable app (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>Reading or writing information on the user's phone, through a tracker or a third-party development kit, requires clear information and consent, unless the operation is strictly necessary for the service requested (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037813978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037813978\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 82 of the Act of 6 January 1978<\/a>). A contractor that hosts or maintains the data acts as a processor and must be bound by the contract provided for in <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 28 of the GDPR<\/a>.<\/li>\n  <li>App stores are online intermediation services within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32019R1150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation (EU) 2019\/1150<\/a>. Its Article 4 requires the reasons for a restriction or suspension to be set out on a durable medium, and thirty days' notice to be given before terminating the whole of the service, subject to the exceptions it lists.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Full payment of the invoices does not, on its own, transfer copyright in the code: only a precise written assignment does so, and it is negotiated before delivery.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, depending on <em>your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The contract, the chronology of deliveries and the written exchanges make it possible to say who owes what.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are having an app developed<\/p><ul><li>Signed quotation, development contract, the contractor's general terms and amendments<\/li><li>Specifications, mock-ups, functional flow and dated change requests<\/li><li>Versions delivered, bug reports, acceptance records and paid invoices<\/li><li>Access to the Apple and Google developer accounts, the code repository and the hosting<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You are developing for a client<\/p><ul><li>Accepted offer, timetable sent and evidence of whether it was accepted<\/li><li>Materials supplied by the client, delays in approval and out-of-scope requests<\/li><li>Deliveries, client feedback, store releases and unpaid invoices<\/li><li>Clauses on ownership, source code handover, limitation of liability and data subcontracting<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not delete a code repository, change the access to a developer account or shut down a server before the version in dispute and the related exchanges have been preserved.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>IT contracts<\/li><li>Personal data<\/li><li>Online commerce<\/li><li>Commercial contracts<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Securing the project before signature, then dealing with any dispute that arises.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reading the quotation and the contract<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm checks what is promised: features, target platforms, timetable, acceptance criteria, maintenance and the terms for handing over the code.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Organising the chain of rights<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">It identifies who writes the code, whether an employee, a shareholder or a contractor, and drafts or reviews the assignment clause in line with Articles L. 131-2 and L. 131-3.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Allocating the roles on data<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">It distinguishes the publisher as controller, the contractor as processor and the providers of third-party kits, then aligns the contract and the consent screens.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Dealing with a blockage or a dispute<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Non-conforming app, withheld code, rejection by a store or a report by a competitor: formal notice, investigative measure or action on the merits, depending on the documents.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A timetable sent by email binds the contractor only if it was accepted. The Versailles Court of Appeal refused to find a delay for this reason.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The stages <em>of an app project<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the specifications to publication, each stage leaves a useful record.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Framing<\/p><p><strong>Before the quotation.<\/strong> Draw up the specifications, the target platforms and the data the app will collect, with their purpose.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Contract<\/p><p>Have a contract signed that sets the deliverable, the timetable, acceptance, the price, the assignment of rights and the handover of the code.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Development<\/p><p>Keep the validated mock-ups, change requests and additional quotations, which often explain a delay.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceptance<\/p><p>Test each version, record defects in writing and do not sign off acceptance without reservations if defects persist.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Publication<\/p><p>Open the developer accounts in the publisher's name and prepare the privacy policy and the information the stores require.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Operation<\/p><p>Provide for maintenance, hosting and reversibility, so that you can change contractor without losing the app.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No claim should rest on a quotation that was read too quickly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Contractual scope: accepted offer, whether the timetable was accepted, signed amendments and additional quotations.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Nature of the obligation: a promised result or mere best efforts, according to the terms of the contract.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Ownership of rights: actual author of the code, status as employee or contractor, written assignment and scope of the rights assigned.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Each party's role on data: publisher, processor, third-party kit provider, and the contract that binds them.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Accounts and access: developer account, code repository, hosting and domain name opened in the name of the right holder.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The common configurations make it possible to set the first priority of the case.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>App delivered unstable or incomplete<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Versions delivered, bug reports, acceptance exchanges and an audit by another developer.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Freeze the version in dispute before a third party takes over the code.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice, then a claim for compensation or termination if the failure to perform is sufficiently serious.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Contractor withholding the source code<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Code handover clause, paid invoices and the access you already hold.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Check whether the contract makes handover conditional on full payment.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Negotiate handover against payment or apply to the court, bearing in mind that an urgent application requires an obligation that is not seriously contestable.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Copyright never assigned<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Contract, invoices, code repository history and the identity of the developers.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Regularise before a fundraising, a sale or a change of contractor.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Draw up a deed of assignment in line with Articles L. 131-2 and L. 131-3.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Data collected without consent<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> List of third-party kits integrated, permissions requested and information screens.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Correct before the next update is published on the stores.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Review the information given, the way consent is obtained and the subcontracting contract.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>App rejected or suspended by a store<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> The platform's message, the grounds given and the rules applicable at the date of rejection.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Act within the platform's internal complaint procedure.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Answer the grounds, rely on Article 4 of Regulation 2019\/1150 and prepare a court route if necessary.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Report by a competitor to Apple or Google<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> The complaint passed on by the store, decisions already given on the trade mark and exchanges with the complainant.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Respond quickly, before removal is decided.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Contest the complaint and, if it is manifestly unfounded, seek its withdrawal under a daily penalty by urgent application.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>mobile apps<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">14 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Do I need a written contract with the developer of my mobile app?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An accepted quotation may be enough to form the contract, but the lack of a precise written agreement tends to prove costly when a dispute arises. In the case decided by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versailles Court of Appeal on 17 December 2025<\/a>, the relationship rested on an accepted commercial offer, with no detailed agreement. The court refused to find a delay because the timetable sent afterwards by email had not been formally accepted and therefore had not become part of the contract. It also noted that the agency had not undertaken to hand over the source code, as the offer did not mention it. A useful contract describes the features and target platforms, the timetable, the acceptance procedure, the price and its instalments, maintenance, the handover of the code and the assignment of copyright. The assignment is valid only in writing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032042977\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-2 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). The firm reviews the quotation before signature, proposes the missing clauses and checks consistency between the offer, the contractor's general terms and the exchanges that have already taken place.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who owns the code of an app developed by a contractor?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Software is protected by copyright (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278875\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 112-2<\/a>), and the rights arise in the person who created it. An independent contractor remains the rights holder until the rights are assigned in a written document that mentions each right separately and sets the field of its use (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 131-3<\/a>). The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67f9f6fb190d73a10ce27db6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colmar Court of Appeal<\/a> so held on 9 April 2025 against a client company, finding that no deed of assignment was shown and that \"payment by it of invoices for services is not sufficient either\" to give it rights (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67f9f6fb190d73a10ce27db6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Colmar, ch. 1 A, 9 April 2025, No. 24\/01625<\/a>). The decision went against the client: the rights in the programming were recognised as belonging to the contractor who had directed the development. Paying for the service is therefore not the same as acquiring the right to modify, adapt or transfer the code. The firm reconstructs the chain of rights from the contract, the invoices and the code repository history, then prepares the missing deed of assignment.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must the developer hand over the source code of the app to me?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It must do so if the contract provides for it, and on the terms the contract sets. On 17 December 2025 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versailles Court of Appeal<\/a> noted that an agency \"did not contractually undertake to hand over to the company Appli.s the source codes of the application\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627<\/a>), as the offer contained no mention to that effect; it had, however, transmitted the archives, which was enough to dismiss any complaint on that point. In another case, the contract provided that the source code and the architecture would become the client's property on full payment. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ba70e6f88a95946839922f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris Court of Appeal<\/a> refused, in urgent proceedings, to order the handover of the code and of the administration rights over the hosting account, noting a clause \"which makes their communication subject to full payment of the services\" (our translation) while invoices remained unpaid (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ba70e6f88a95946839922f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1 ch. 3, 4 September 2025, No. 24\/20021<\/a>). This outcome went against the client and stems from the urgent applications judge, who does not rule on an obligation that is seriously contestable. A well-drafted handover clause specifies the format, the documentation, the time of handover, the access to the accounts and what happens to the code in the event of early termination.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is my company automatically the rights holder of the app written by its shareholders?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. The Court of Cassation holds that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6079813a9ba5988459c4a386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">a legal entity<\/a> cannot be an author, and it sets aside the judgment that had declared a company the sole author of two software programs on the ground that they were the product of its shareholders' work (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6079813a9ba5988459c4a386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 15 January 2015, No. 13-23.566<\/a>, published in the Bulletin). The ground for setting aside is brief: the court of appeal had ruled in this way \"whereas a legal entity cannot be an author\" (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6079813a9ba5988459c4a386\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 15 January 2015<\/a>) (our translation). For a start-up, the consequence is concrete. If a founder wrote the code without being an employee, the company has rights only if a deed of assignment in line with Articles L. 131-2 and L. 131-3 transfers them to it. If the founder is an employee and the code is created in the course of their duties, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279818\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 113-9<\/a> vests the economic rights in the employer. The firm checks the status of each contributor, whether there are contributions in kind, and the documents to be signed before a fundraising or a sale.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the contractor developing the app bound to achieve a result?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It all depends on the terms of the contract. In a dispute over the development of the interface of a restaurant app, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/666bde584f86b000081181ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versailles Court of Appeal<\/a> held, in light of provisions under which the contractor undertook to take the greatest care, that \"the company Hello Pomelo was bound by an obligation of means, not an obligation of result\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/666bde584f86b000081181ce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 13 June 2024, No. 22\/02244<\/a>). The client therefore had to prove fault, and the court upheld the judgment that had dismissed its claim. This decision went against the client. It also stresses that the contract made the engagement depend on materials supplied by the client, notably a mock-up that had changed during the project. Conversely, an app delivered with failures affecting its major functions was held to be non-conforming (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627<\/a>). Drafting therefore matters: a fixed-price commitment on a described scope, measurable acceptance criteria and a list of the materials the client must supply make proof simpler for everyone.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should I do if the delivered app does not work?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>On 17 December 2025, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versailles Court of Appeal<\/a> held that connection problems, unexpected crashes and non-functioning geolocation, persisting after the app went live, amounted to a breach of the obligation to deliver a conforming product. It wrote: \"These failures amount to a breach by the company Agence4 conseil of its obligation to deliver a conforming product\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627<\/a>). As the contract had already ended, the court did not order termination, but ordered the agency to pay \u20ac41,376 in damages, the sum the client had spent to no purpose, the development having had to be redone from scratch. Claims for loss of opportunity and loss of turnover were, however, rejected for lack of proof. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1217 of the French Civil Code (Code civil)<\/a> opens several responses: suspension of payment, enforcement in kind, price reduction, termination and damages. The first step is to document the defects version by version, then to serve formal notice on the contractor to correct them within a set period. If the origin of the defects is disputed, an investigative measure may be requested before any proceedings (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the French Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>). The firm first checks that acceptance was not signed off without reservations, which weakens the challenge.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who is responsible for the personal data collected by the app?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In principle, the publisher, that is, the business that decides to publish the app and to set its purposes. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versailles Court of Appeal<\/a> recalled this in refusing to fault the agency for a failure to give legal advice: it was for the client, \"as controller of the personal data of the app's users, to find out about the regulations applicable to its activity\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627<\/a>). On this point, the decision went against the client. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnil.fr\/sites\/cnil\/files\/2024-09\/recommandation-applications-mobiles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">recommendation of the French data protection authority (CNIL) on mobile apps<\/a>, published on 24 September 2024, distinguishes the roles: a developer who merely supplies the code is neither controller nor processor, one who hosts the data or carries out maintenance acts as a processor, and one who processes the data for its own purposes becomes a separate controller. The CNIL recommends that the contract require the developer to build in data protection from the outset. The processor must be bound by the contract provided for in <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 28 of the GDPR<\/a>. The firm maps the data flows, characterises each party and brings the contract into line with these roles.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does my app need to obtain consent for trackers and third-party kits?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, with exceptions. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037813978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037813978\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 82 of the Act of 6 January 1978<\/a> requires clear and complete information, then consent, before any information is read or written on the user's phone. It exempts only operations whose exclusive purpose is electronic communication or which are strictly necessary for the service requested by the user. Depending on their purpose, advertising identifiers, audience measurement tools and third-party development kits may therefore require this consent. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnil.fr\/sites\/cnil\/files\/2024-09\/recommandation-applications-mobiles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNIL recommendation of 24 September 2024<\/a> asks the publisher to check the kits it integrates, and the developer to help identify and configure them. Operating system permissions, such as access to location or contacts, do not replace this consent where it is required. Apple's tracking framework was also penalised by a decision of the Competition Authority of 31 March 2025, recalled by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6972c5fbcdc6046d475d25fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris urgent applications judge<\/a>, who refused on 20 January 2026 to order its modification at the request of trade associations, holding that \"it is not within the powers of the urgent applications judge to substitute itself for the latter or for the court of appeal, seised of an appeal against the decision\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6972c5fbcdc6046d475d25fe\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TJ Paris, r\u00e9f., 20 January 2026, No. 25\/56453<\/a>). The firm reviews the list of kits, the screens and the privacy policy before publication.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is my app's design protected against copying?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It may be protected by copyright, provided it is original, and the burden of proving that originality lies on the person relying on it. On 3 December 2025, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/697af1cacdc6046d470ec5a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris judicial court<\/a> rejected the claim of a company that asserted rights in an app interface made of rounded-corner thumbnails arranged in columns. It held that \"this combination does not result in an interface that stands out from the common stock of app graphical interfaces\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/697af1cacdc6046d470ec5a6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TJ Paris, 3e ch. 3e sect., 3 December 2025, No. 24\/00995<\/a>). The alternative claim in unfair competition and parasitism was also rejected, and the claimant company was ordered to pay the costs of the proceedings. This decision went against the publisher who said it had been copied. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67f9f6fb190d73a10ce27db6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Colmar Court of Appeal<\/a> recalls, citing the Court of Justice of the European Union, that the graphical interface is not a form of expression of the computer program and therefore does not benefit from the protection specific to software: any protection falls under ordinary copyright and requires originality. Before launch, keep the dated mock-ups, the successive versions and the identity of the graphic designers, and provide for the assignment of their rights. These documents serve both to prove priority and to show originality.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the buyer of an app use it without the developer's consent?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The exploitation right of the author of software covers, in principle, any reproduction (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278919\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278919\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 122-6 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044365559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044365559\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 122-6-1<\/a> provides an exception for a person who has the right to use the software. On 14 May 2025 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6825816b60bc8fffffa90789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation<\/a> recalled that \"temporary reproductions of software, in whole or in part, by any means or in any form, do not require the author's authorisation where they are necessary to enable the software to be used in accordance with its intended purpose by the person entitled to use it\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6825816b60bc8fffffa90789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 1re civ., 14 May 2025, No. 23-20.217<\/a>). It dismissed the appeal of the company that had designed the programs and complained that competitors were running them through their own interfaces. The decision went against the author of the software. For a developer, the lesson is contractual: if use is to be restricted, a written licence must say so, failing which use in accordance with the intended purpose remains permitted. For a client, it confirms that a right of use does not carry a right to modify or resell the code.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should I do if the App Store or Google Play suspends or removes my app?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>App stores fall within the scope of <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32019R1150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Regulation (EU) 2019\/1150<\/a>, which protects business users of online intermediation services. Its Article 4 requires the platform to set out on a durable medium the reasons for a restriction or suspension, at the latest when it takes effect. For termination of the whole of the service, the statement of reasons must be sent thirty days beforehand, unless there is a legal obligation, an overriding reason or repeated breaches of the general terms. The same article provides for a remedy through the internal complaint-handling procedure, and for reinstatement without undue delay if the platform reverses its decision. The first response therefore lies in the complaint: understanding the exact ground, citing the platform rule at issue, correcting what can be corrected and producing the relevant documents. Keep the rejection messages, the version submitted and the exchanges with the review teams. The firm analyses the ground invoked, drafts the complaint and, if the block persists, assesses the court route and the competent court in light of the platform's terms.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a competitor have my app removed by complaining to Apple?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It can file a complaint, but a manifestly unfounded complaint can be fought in court. On 14 December 2022 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/639ad0838484a305d494bd64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Paris Court of Appeal<\/a> upheld the order requiring a company to withdraw, under a penalty of \u20ac10,000 per day, the complaint it had filed with the Apple Store against a competitor's app (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/639ad0838484a305d494bd64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1 ch. 3, 14 December 2022, No. 22\/06002<\/a>). It noted that \"The company Bioserenity reported an infringement of its industrial property rights, without the slightest restriction or reservation, while knowing that this complaint exposed the company Biosency to the removal of its app\" (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/639ad0838484a305d494bd64\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, 14 December 2022<\/a>). A judgment had already ruled out any infringement of the trade marks relied on. The court did, however, refuse the publication measures and the interim compensation, for lack of proof of non-material harm. In practice, the publisher targeted must respond quickly to the platform, produce the relevant decisions and titles, then apply to the urgent applications judge if the report persists. The choice of the app's name also warrants a prior-rights search, a trade mark being a sign used to distinguish goods or services (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381546\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039381546\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 711-1 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a user withdraw after a purchase in the app?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A consumer who buys at a distance has, in principle, a right of withdrawal, but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563170\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 221-28 of the French Consumer Code (Code de la consommation)<\/a> excludes it, in point 13\u00b0, for digital content not supplied on a tangible medium whose performance began before the end of the withdrawal period. Where the consumer has to pay, the exclusion requires that the consumer previously gave express consent to this early performance, acknowledged that the right will be lost, and that the trader provided confirmation of this agreement. These conditions translate into screens: a separate consent box, a clear statement of the loss of the right and a confirmation message. Where the purchase goes through the store's payment system, the platform's terms add to the publisher's and must be read together. If one of these conditions is missing, the exception does not apply and the right of withdrawal remains. Keep a time-stamped record of each consent obtained in the app. The firm reviews the purchase journey, the general terms and the statements displayed before validation, so that the exception can be relied on and the publisher can justify it.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Should data subcontracting be provided for in the development contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, as soon as the developer or agency hosts the app, administers the database or works on live data for maintenance. It then acts on behalf of the publisher, and <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Article 28 of the GDPR<\/a> requires a contract setting the subject matter, duration, nature and purpose of the processing, the type of data, the categories of data subjects and the obligations and rights of the controller. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnil.fr\/sites\/cnil\/files\/2024-09\/recommandation-applications-mobiles.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CNIL recommendation on mobile apps<\/a> adds that the developer acting as processor keeps a record, supervises its own sub-processors and assists the publisher with data subjects' rights and security. The contract must also deal with the end of the relationship: return or deletion of the data, transfer of the hosting and access to the accounts. In the case decided by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6943a2f975782d5f06840940\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Versailles Court of Appeal<\/a>, the former agency's server was shut down nearly six months after the end of the relationship, after several alerts sent to the new contractor, and the difficulties of taking over were not attributed to it. A dated reversibility clause and a list of the access to be transferred avoid this kind of loss.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278875\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278875\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 112-2 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">software as a work of the mind<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279818\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279818\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 113-9 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">software created by an employee<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006278958\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 131-3 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">formal requirements for assigning rights<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044365559\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044365559\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 122-6-1 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">rights of the lawful user of software<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036829854\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1217 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">remedies for non-performance of a contract<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041482\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 1224 of the French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">termination for sufficiently serious non-performance<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037813978\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000037813978\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 82 of Act No. 78-17 of 6 January 1978<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">trackers and consent<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563170\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000044563170\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 221-28 of the French Consumer Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">exceptions to the right of withdrawal<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32016R0679\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 (GDPR), Article 28<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">processing contract<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art\" href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/FR\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX:32019R1150\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Regulation (EU) 2019\/1150, Article 4<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">suspension and termination by a platform<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/digital-law-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Digital law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/it-contract-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">IT contracts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/gdpr-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">GDPR and personal data<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/e-commerce-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Online commerce<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/commercial-contracts-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial contracts<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area of the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A mobile app project to secure? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the quotation, the contract and the exchanges with the developer: the firm identifies the rights to be obtained, each party's obligations and the appropriate response.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do I need a written contract with the developer of my mobile app?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An accepted quotation may be enough to form the contract, but the lack of a precise written agreement tends to prove costly when a dispute arises. In the case decided by the Versailles Court of Appeal on 17 December 2025, the relationship rested on an accepted commercial offer, with no detailed agreement. The court refused to find a delay because the timetable sent afterwards by email had not been formally accepted and therefore had not become part of the contract. It also noted that the agency had not undertaken to hand over the source code, as the offer did not mention it. A useful contract describes the features and target platforms, the timetable, the acceptance procedure, the price and its instalments, maintenance, the handover of the code and the assignment of copyright. The assignment is valid only in writing (Article L. 131-2 of the French Intellectual Property Code). The firm reviews the quotation before signature, proposes the missing clauses and checks consistency between the offer, the contractor's general terms and the exchanges that have already taken place.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who owns the code of an app developed by a contractor?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Software is protected by copyright (Article L. 112-2), and the rights arise in the person who created it. An independent contractor remains the rights holder until the rights are assigned in a written document that mentions each right separately and sets the field of its use (Article L. 131-3). The Colmar Court of Appeal so held on 9 April 2025 against a client company, finding that no deed of assignment was shown and that \\\"payment by it of invoices for services is not sufficient either\\\" to give it rights (our translation) (CA Colmar, ch. 1 A, 9 April 2025, No. 24\/01625). The decision went against the client: the rights in the programming were recognised as belonging to the contractor who had directed the development. Paying for the service is therefore not the same as acquiring the right to modify, adapt or transfer the code. The firm reconstructs the chain of rights from the contract, the invoices and the code repository history, then prepares the missing deed of assignment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must the developer hand over the source code of the app to me?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It must do so if the contract provides for it, and on the terms the contract sets. On 17 December 2025 the Versailles Court of Appeal noted that an agency \\\"did not contractually undertake to hand over to the company Appli.s the source codes of the application\\\" (our translation) (CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627), as the offer contained no mention to that effect; it had, however, transmitted the archives, which was enough to dismiss any complaint on that point. In another case, the contract provided that the source code and the architecture would become the client's property on full payment. The Paris Court of Appeal refused, in urgent proceedings, to order the handover of the code and of the administration rights over the hosting account, noting a clause \\\"which makes their communication subject to full payment of the services\\\" (our translation) while invoices remained unpaid (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1 ch. 3, 4 September 2025, No. 24\/20021). This outcome went against the client and stems from the urgent applications judge, who does not rule on an obligation that is seriously contestable. A well-drafted handover clause specifies the format, the documentation, the time of handover, the access to the accounts and what happens to the code in the event of early termination.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is my company automatically the rights holder of the app written by its shareholders?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The Court of Cassation holds that a legal entity cannot be an author, and it sets aside the judgment that had declared a company the sole author of two software programs on the ground that they were the product of its shareholders' work (Cass. 1re civ., 15 January 2015, No. 13-23.566, published in the Bulletin). The ground for setting aside is brief: the court of appeal had ruled in this way \\\"whereas a legal entity cannot be an author\\\" (Cass. 1re civ., 15 January 2015) (our translation). For a start-up, the consequence is concrete. If a founder wrote the code without being an employee, the company has rights only if a deed of assignment in line with Articles L. 131-2 and L. 131-3 transfers them to it. If the founder is an employee and the code is created in the course of their duties, Article L. 113-9 vests the economic rights in the employer. The firm checks the status of each contributor, whether there are contributions in kind, and the documents to be signed before a fundraising or a sale.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the contractor developing the app bound to achieve a result?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It all depends on the terms of the contract. In a dispute over the development of the interface of a restaurant app, the Versailles Court of Appeal held, in light of provisions under which the contractor undertook to take the greatest care, that \\\"the company Hello Pomelo was bound by an obligation of means, not an obligation of result\\\" (our translation) (CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 13 June 2024, No. 22\/02244). The client therefore had to prove fault, and the court upheld the judgment that had dismissed its claim. This decision went against the client. It also stresses that the contract made the engagement depend on materials supplied by the client, notably a mock-up that had changed during the project. Conversely, an app delivered with failures affecting its major functions was held to be non-conforming (CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627). Drafting therefore matters: a fixed-price commitment on a described scope, measurable acceptance criteria and a list of the materials the client must supply make proof simpler for everyone.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should I do if the delivered app does not work?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"On 17 December 2025, the Versailles Court of Appeal held that connection problems, unexpected crashes and non-functioning geolocation, persisting after the app went live, amounted to a breach of the obligation to deliver a conforming product. It wrote: \\\"These failures amount to a breach by the company Agence4 conseil of its obligation to deliver a conforming product\\\" (our translation) (CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627). As the contract had already ended, the court did not order termination, but ordered the agency to pay \u20ac41,376 in damages, the sum the client had spent to no purpose, the development having had to be redone from scratch. Claims for loss of opportunity and loss of turnover were, however, rejected for lack of proof. Article 1217 of the French Civil Code (Code civil) opens several responses: suspension of payment, enforcement in kind, price reduction, termination and damages. The first step is to document the defects version by version, then to serve formal notice on the contractor to correct them within a set period. If the origin of the defects is disputed, an investigative measure may be requested before any proceedings (Article 145 of the French Code of Civil Procedure). The firm first checks that acceptance was not signed off without reservations, which weakens the challenge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who is responsible for the personal data collected by the app?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In principle, the publisher, that is, the business that decides to publish the app and to set its purposes. The Versailles Court of Appeal recalled this in refusing to fault the agency for a failure to give legal advice: it was for the client, \\\"as controller of the personal data of the app's users, to find out about the regulations applicable to its activity\\\" (our translation) (CA Versailles, ch. com. 3-1, 17 December 2025, No. 22\/00627). On this point, the decision went against the client. The recommendation of the French data protection authority (CNIL) on mobile apps, published on 24 September 2024, distinguishes the roles: a developer who merely supplies the code is neither controller nor processor, one who hosts the data or carries out maintenance acts as a processor, and one who processes the data for its own purposes becomes a separate controller. The CNIL recommends that the contract require the developer to build in data protection from the outset. The processor must be bound by the contract provided for in Article 28 of the GDPR. The firm maps the data flows, characterises each party and brings the contract into line with these roles.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does my app need to obtain consent for trackers and third-party kits?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, with exceptions. Article 82 of the Act of 6 January 1978 requires clear and complete information, then consent, before any information is read or written on the user's phone. It exempts only operations whose exclusive purpose is electronic communication or which are strictly necessary for the service requested by the user. Depending on their purpose, advertising identifiers, audience measurement tools and third-party development kits may therefore require this consent. The CNIL recommendation of 24 September 2024 asks the publisher to check the kits it integrates, and the developer to help identify and configure them. Operating system permissions, such as access to location or contacts, do not replace this consent where it is required. Apple's tracking framework was also penalised by a decision of the Competition Authority of 31 March 2025, recalled by the Paris urgent applications judge, who refused on 20 January 2026 to order its modification at the request of trade associations, holding that \\\"it is not within the powers of the urgent applications judge to substitute itself for the latter or for the court of appeal, seised of an appeal against the decision\\\" (our translation) (TJ Paris, r\u00e9f., 20 January 2026, No. 25\/56453). The firm reviews the list of kits, the screens and the privacy policy before publication.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is my app's design protected against copying?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It may be protected by copyright, provided it is original, and the burden of proving that originality lies on the person relying on it. On 3 December 2025, the Paris judicial court rejected the claim of a company that asserted rights in an app interface made of rounded-corner thumbnails arranged in columns. It held that \\\"this combination does not result in an interface that stands out from the common stock of app graphical interfaces\\\" (our translation) (TJ Paris, 3e ch. 3e sect., 3 December 2025, No. 24\/00995). The alternative claim in unfair competition and parasitism was also rejected, and the claimant company was ordered to pay the costs of the proceedings. This decision went against the publisher who said it had been copied. The Colmar Court of Appeal recalls, citing the Court of Justice of the European Union, that the graphical interface is not a form of expression of the computer program and therefore does not benefit from the protection specific to software: any protection falls under ordinary copyright and requires originality. Before launch, keep the dated mock-ups, the successive versions and the identity of the graphic designers, and provide for the assignment of their rights. These documents serve both to prove priority and to show originality.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the buyer of an app use it without the developer's consent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The exploitation right of the author of software covers, in principle, any reproduction (Article L. 122-6 of the French Intellectual Property Code). Article L. 122-6-1 provides an exception for a person who has the right to use the software. On 14 May 2025 the Court of Cassation recalled that \\\"temporary reproductions of software, in whole or in part, by any means or in any form, do not require the author's authorisation where they are necessary to enable the software to be used in accordance with its intended purpose by the person entitled to use it\\\" (our translation) (Cass. 1re civ., 14 May 2025, No. 23-20.217). It dismissed the appeal of the company that had designed the programs and complained that competitors were running them through their own interfaces. The decision went against the author of the software. For a developer, the lesson is contractual: if use is to be restricted, a written licence must say so, failing which use in accordance with the intended purpose remains permitted. For a client, it confirms that a right of use does not carry a right to modify or resell the code.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should I do if the App Store or Google Play suspends or removes my app?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"App stores fall within the scope of Regulation (EU) 2019\/1150, which protects business users of online intermediation services. Its Article 4 requires the platform to set out on a durable medium the reasons for a restriction or suspension, at the latest when it takes effect. For termination of the whole of the service, the statement of reasons must be sent thirty days beforehand, unless there is a legal obligation, an overriding reason or repeated breaches of the general terms. The same article provides for a remedy through the internal complaint-handling procedure, and for reinstatement without undue delay if the platform reverses its decision. The first response therefore lies in the complaint: understanding the exact ground, citing the platform rule at issue, correcting what can be corrected and producing the relevant documents. Keep the rejection messages, the version submitted and the exchanges with the review teams. The firm analyses the ground invoked, drafts the complaint and, if the block persists, assesses the court route and the competent court in light of the platform's terms.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a competitor have my app removed by complaining to Apple?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It can file a complaint, but a manifestly unfounded complaint can be fought in court. On 14 December 2022 the Paris Court of Appeal upheld the order requiring a company to withdraw, under a penalty of \u20ac10,000 per day, the complaint it had filed with the Apple Store against a competitor's app (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 1 ch. 3, 14 December 2022, No. 22\/06002). It noted that \\\"The company Bioserenity reported an infringement of its industrial property rights, without the slightest restriction or reservation, while knowing that this complaint exposed the company Biosency to the removal of its app\\\" (our translation) (CA Paris, 14 December 2022). A judgment had already ruled out any infringement of the trade marks relied on. The court did, however, refuse the publication measures and the interim compensation, for lack of proof of non-material harm. In practice, the publisher targeted must respond quickly to the platform, produce the relevant decisions and titles, then apply to the urgent applications judge if the report persists. The choice of the app's name also warrants a prior-rights search, a trade mark being a sign used to distinguish goods or services (Article L. 711-1 of the French Intellectual Property Code).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a user withdraw after a purchase in the app?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A consumer who buys at a distance has, in principle, a right of withdrawal, but Article L. 221-28 of the French Consumer Code (Code de la consommation) excludes it, in point 13\u00b0, for digital content not supplied on a tangible medium whose performance began before the end of the withdrawal period. Where the consumer has to pay, the exclusion requires that the consumer previously gave express consent to this early performance, acknowledged that the right will be lost, and that the trader provided confirmation of this agreement. These conditions translate into screens: a separate consent box, a clear statement of the loss of the right and a confirmation message. Where the purchase goes through the store's payment system, the platform's terms add to the publisher's and must be read together. If one of these conditions is missing, the exception does not apply and the right of withdrawal remains. Keep a time-stamped record of each consent obtained in the app. The firm reviews the purchase journey, the general terms and the statements displayed before validation, so that the exception can be relied on and the publisher can justify it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Should data subcontracting be provided for in the development contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, as soon as the developer or agency hosts the app, administers the database or works on live data for maintenance. It then acts on behalf of the publisher, and Article 28 of the GDPR requires a contract setting the subject matter, duration, nature and purpose of the processing, the type of data, the categories of data subjects and the obligations and rights of the controller. The CNIL recommendation on mobile apps adds that the developer acting as processor keeps a record, supervises its own sub-processors and assists the publisher with data subjects' rights and security. The contract must also deal with the end of the relationship: return or deletion of the data, transfer of the hosting and access to the accounts. In the case decided by the Versailles Court of Appeal, the former agency's server was shut down nearly six months after the end of the relationship, after several alerts sent to the new contractor, and the difficulties of taking over were not attributed to it. 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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You are launching a mobile app and entrusting it to an agency, a freelance developer or an employee. A mobile app lawyer in Paris looks first at three questions that decide what [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157158,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161201","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Mobile App Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Mobile app lawyer Paris: developer contract, source code ownership, user data and app store disputes. 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