{"id":2161199,"date":"2026-11-01T23:11:41","date_gmt":"2026-11-01T22:11:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161199"},"modified":"2026-11-04T19:37:58","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T18:37:58","slug":"patent-lawyer-paris","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/patent-lawyer-paris\/","title":{"rendered":"Patent lawyer in Paris: file, license or assign an SME&#8217;s invention"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161199\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161199 elementor-2160646\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59a e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5bd59a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5bd59aw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5bd59aw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"expertise-fr-avocat-brevet-paris-20261101\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Inventive SME: filing, licensing, assigning or contributing a patent<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Patent<\/em> lawyer in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> file, license or assign an SME's invention.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A prototype shown to a customer too early, an employee engineer claiming the invention, a licence signed with no guaranteed minimum, an assignment never recorded at the French intellectual property office (INPI): the value of a patent is often decided outside the courtroom, in the order of the steps taken and the drafting of the deeds. From the viewpoint of a patent lawyer in Paris, this page follows an SME that files, exploits, licenses or assigns its invention.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">Before any public presentation, fundraising or industrial discussion, check the filing date, the confidentiality agreement signed and the due date of the next annual fee: a disclosure or a missed payment can cost you the patent.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-20261025.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3-expertises\/kohen-fr-assurance-paysage-1080-20261025.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Patent \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Send the application or patent, the search report, the confidentiality agreements, the inventors' employment contracts and the draft licence or assignment: the firm will review the SME's rights and the deeds to be secured.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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p.knp__watchlink{margin:0 0 2px;padding:0;line-height:17px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos{gap:5px;padding:0;border:0;border-radius:0;background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:11.5px;letter-spacing:.02em;line-height:17px;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover{background:none;box-shadow:none;transform:none}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos:hover span{text-decoration:underline;text-underline-offset:3px}.kcv-press.knp a.knp__videos svg{width:13px;height:13px}.knp .knp__vc{display:none}@media (max-width:900px){.kcv-press.knp .knp__vl{display:none}.kcv-press.knp .knp__vc{display:inline}}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.knp a.knp__videos{transition:none}.knp a.knp__videos:hover{transform:none}}<\/style><p class=\"knp__watchlink\"><a class=\"knp__videos\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/media\/\" aria-label=\"Watch the videos and their transcripts\"><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 20 20\" aria-hidden=\"true\" focusable=\"false\"><circle cx=\"10\" cy=\"10\" r=\"9\" fill=\"#1F4FA8\"\/><path d=\"M8.3 6.4v7.2l5.6-3.6z\" fill=\"#fff\"\/><\/svg><span class=\"knp__vl\">Watch the videos and their transcripts<\/span><span class=\"knp__vc\">Videos<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n        <div class=\"knp__piste\"><ul class=\"knp__ruban\" role=\"list\"><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-2\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France 2: watch the report featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-2.svg\" alt=\"France 2\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li>\n<li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"tf1\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"TF1: watch the news excerpt featuring Hassan Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/tf1.svg\" alt=\"TF1\" style=\"--h:36px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"france-tv\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/france-tv.svg\" alt=\"France T\u00e9l\u00e9visions\" style=\"--h:28px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"bfm\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"BFMTV: watch the excerpt featuring Reda Kohen\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" src=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/medias-presse\/bfm.svg\" alt=\"BFMTV\" style=\"--h:30px\" decoding=\"async\"><\/button><\/li><li class=\"knp__item\"><button type=\"button\" class=\"knp__logo\" data-media=\"le-point\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-label=\"Le Point: see the 2 publications\"><img class=\"skip-lazy knp--fixe\" data-no-lazy=\"1\" 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse ?\",\"date\":\"2026-07-28\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/produits-android\/maison-connectee\/climatiseur\/3196305_goutte-a-goutte-et-inondation-que-faire-quand-la-climatisation-du-voisin-ruine-votre-terrasse\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 la grille de lecture juridique publi\u00e9e par le cabinet sur les condensats de climatisation en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"magicmaman\":{\"nom\":\"Magicmaman\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Vous vivez en immeuble et vous n\u2019avez toujours pas de chauffage cet automne ? Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. Chi vende picconi decide di comprare la miniera\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/startupitalia.eu\/tech\/tredici-miliardi-per-unazienda-sconosciuta-ecco-su-cosa-si-basa-la-scommessa-di-nvidia-con-hugging-face\/\",\"citation\":\"Come ha ricostruito l\u2019avvocato parigino Reda Kohen, la competenza di Bruxelles non dipende dal prezzo ma dai fatturati delle parti.\",\"auteur\":\"StartupItalia\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"beincrypto\":{\"nom\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"France Wants to Tax Crypto Holders Before They Sell\",\"date\":\"2026-10-11\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/beincrypto.com\/france-crypto-exit-tax-unsold-gains\/\",\"citation\":\"Left-wing deputy Nicolas Sansu filed it with 16 co-signers, and the National Assembly\u2019s finance committee adopted it on October 8, according to a Paris law firm.\",\"auteur\":\"BeInCrypto\",\"paraphrase\":true}]}}<\/script>\n<script nowprocket data-no-optimize=\"1\" data-no-defer=\"1\">\n(function(){\nvar 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Patent lawyer in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Patents: <em>what gives the patent its value<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Intellectual property \u00b7 Paris 17th<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>patent lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Industrial property<\/li><li>Patents and licence agreements<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar: industrial property, licence agreements and assignments of rights for innovative companies.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">An inventive SME does not merely own a technical idea. It holds, or believes it holds, an exclusive right whose scope depends on the claims filed, on who actually owns the invention and on the deeds that followed the filing.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm can step in at every stage: preparing the filing alongside the patent attorney (conseil en propri\u00e9t\u00e9 industrielle) responsible for the technical drafting, checking the rights of employee inventors, drafting and negotiating licences, assignments and contributions, and then maintaining the patent. Patent infringement litigation is covered here only insofar as it depends on those deeds.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A filing before any disclosure<\/h3><p>Novelty is assessed at the filing date. A presentation at a trade fair, an article or an earlier commercial offer may be enough to destroy the application.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Deeds in writing and recorded<\/h3><p>An assignment and a licence must be in writing on pain of nullity, and then recorded in the National Patent Register (Registre national des brevets) to be enforceable against third parties.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A patent to maintain<\/h3><p>A patent lasts twenty years at most, provided the annual fees are paid. A missed payment results in forfeiture, and restoration is subject to short time limits.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Filing, licence, assignment: <em>the applicable rules<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules govern the life of a patent in an SME.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Inventions are patentable if they are new, involve an inventive step and are capable of industrial application (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298703\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-10 of the French Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Novelty is lost through anything made available to the public before the filing date (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298700\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-11<\/a>). The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cthe novelty of an invention can be destroyed only by a prior art disclosure containing all of its features, which implies identity of elements, form, arrangement, operation and technical result\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ef37ce10fb86995ec6ea12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 October 2025, No. 24-10.010<\/a>, our translation).<\/li>\n  <li>The right to the patent belongs to the inventor or their successor in title (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279399\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279399\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-6<\/a>). Where an employee has an inventive assignment, the invention belongs to the employer, which owes additional remuneration; other inventions connected with the business may be allocated to it for a fair price (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-7<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The rights attached to an application or a patent may be transferred and may be the subject of an exclusive or non-exclusive licence; these deeds must be in writing on pain of nullity under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-8<\/a>. They are enforceable against third parties only once recorded in the National Patent Register, except against those who knew of them when they acquired their own rights (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-9<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>A patent is granted for twenty years from the filing date (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573176\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573176\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-2<\/a>) and gives rise to annual fees, with a six-month grace period (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019910654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019910654\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 612-19<\/a>). If the fee is not paid, the holder forfeits its rights (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-22<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A patent protects what the claims say, not the general idea of the project: the wording as filed determines the value of any later licence or assignment.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, depending on <em>your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The chronology of the invention and the deeds already signed determine which rights are actually available.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You file, license or assign<\/p><ul><li>Laboratory notebooks, drawings, dated prototypes and a list of the people who contributed<\/li><li>Employment contracts, job descriptions and invention declarations of the employees concerned<\/li><li>Confidentiality agreements, sales presentations and any document already circulated<\/li><li>Patent application, search report, INPI opinion and proof of annual fee payments<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">You take a licence or buy<\/p><ul><li>Extract from the National Patent Register and status of the recorded entries<\/li><li>Draft licence, assignment or contribution agreement, with its technical annexes<\/li><li>Granted claims, oppositions, pending proceedings and known prior art<\/li><li>Forecast figures used to set the royalties or the price<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Do not present the invention at a trade fair, to an investor or to a customer before filing, except under a precise written confidentiality agreement.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Industrial property<\/li><li>Designs<\/li><li>Unfair competition<\/li><li>Legal due diligence<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Establish ownership, secure every deed and preserve the patent over time.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>Reconstructing the history of the invention<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Conception dates, contributors, contracts in force and any disclosures: the firm checks who holds the right to the patent before any filing or negotiation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Preparing the filing with the patent attorney<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">The technical drafting of the claims is a matter for the patent attorney; the firm checks prior confidentiality, ownership and filing strategy.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Drafting the licence or assignment<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Scope, exclusivity, territory, royalties, guaranteed minimum, warranties, the fate of improvements and infringement actions: each clause is tied to the provision that governs it.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Recording and maintaining the patent<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Recording the deed in the National Patent Register, calendar of annual fees and follow-up of due dates: the firm checks the formalities on which enforceability against third parties depends.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A wrongly attributed patent or an unrecorded licence is often discovered during a fundraising or a buyer's audit, just when it weighs most heavily.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline <em>of an SME patent<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the first technical idea to exploitation by a licensee or a buyer.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Conception<\/p><p><strong>From the first tests.<\/strong> Date the work, identify the contributors and have a confidentiality agreement signed before any outside exchange.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Filing<\/p><p>File the application before any public presentation; the filing date fixes the prior art that can be set against the invention.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Search report<\/p><p>The INPI draws up a report on the prior art relevant to assessing novelty and inventive step.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Grant and opposition<\/p><p>After grant, a third party may file an opposition with the INPI under the conditions set by decree.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Licence or assignment<\/p><p>Sign a written deed, then record it in the National Patent Register to make it enforceable against third parties.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Maintenance<\/p><p>Pay each annual fee when due; the six-month grace period carries a surcharge.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before you sign<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No deed concerning a patent should rest on assumed ownership.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Ownership: identified inventors, employment contracts, inventive assignments and any allocations in favour of the company.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Novelty: no disclosure before filing, confidentiality agreements and dates of outside presentations.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Status of the patent: granted claims, oppositions, annual fees paid and entries in the National Patent Register.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Contract: signed writing, scope of the rights, exclusivity, royalties, guaranteed minimum, warranties and the fate of improvements.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Co-ownership: shares, co-ownership regulations, the agreement of all co-owners for an exclusive licence and the right of pre-emption where a share is assigned.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>response<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The situations an inventive SME most often faces set the first priority of the file.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Presentation planned before filing<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Date of the trade fair or meeting, material presented, confidentiality agreement.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The filing must precede any public disclosure.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Bring the filing forward or limit the presentation to a circle bound by confidentiality.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Invention made by an employee<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Employment contract, job description, invention declaration, work assigned.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Two months to respond to the declared classification, four months to claim attribution, running from the complete declaration (Articles R. 611-6 and R. 611-7).<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Classify the invention, arrange the attribution and provide for the remuneration owed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Exclusive licence to an industrial partner<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Draft contract, claims, sales forecasts.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before recording, the deed is enforceable only against third parties who knew of it.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Set the royalties, guaranteed minimum, sales audit and infringement action.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Assignment or contribution to a company<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Written deed, identification of the parties, register extract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Record the deed as soon as it is signed.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Provide for rights over prior acts and for the assignor's warranties.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Unpaid annual fee<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Due-date notice, notification of forfeiture, exchanges with the representative.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Six-month grace period, then a restoration request subject to strict conditions.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Pay or file the request within the time limits of Article L. 612-16.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Patent shared with a partner<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Collaboration agreement, shares, co-ownership regulations.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Notify any planned licence or assignment to the other co-owners.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Negotiate co-ownership regulations suited to the intended exploitation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>patents<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Can an SME show its invention before filing the patent?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In principle, no. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298700\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-11 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> defines the state of the art as everything made available to the public before the filing date, by written or oral description, use or any other means. A demonstration at a trade fair, an online video, a sales brochure or an offer sent to a customer without any confidentiality obligation can therefore be set against the application.<\/p><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279410\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279410\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-13<\/a> disregards a disclosure made in the six months before filing in only two narrow cases: an evident abuse against the inventor, or a presentation at an official or officially recognised exhibition within the meaning of the 1928 convention, declared at the time of filing. An ordinary trade fair does not, on its own, fall within that scope.<\/p><p>However, a prior art disclosure destroys novelty only if it reproduces the invention in all its elements. The Court of Cassation reiterated this in approving a court of appeal that had distinguished a suction hose from an electric cable subject to different constraints (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ef37ce10fb86995ec6ea12\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 15 October 2025, No. 24-10.010<\/a>). The firm lists the communications already made and checks their exact content before fixing the filing date.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can the invention be protected during discussions with an industrial partner?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>By a confidentiality agreement signed before the first technical meeting. It should identify the protected information, the purpose for which it may be used, the people authorised to know it and the duration of the undertaking. A dated annex listing the documents handed over makes proof easier in the event of a dispute.<\/p><p>Publication of the patent application does not release the partner from all its obligations. The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cpublication of a patent application discloses to the public only the technical characteristics and the information relating to the invention that it contains\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/646477ff5c7899d0f88f8996\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 May 2023, No. 19-25.007<\/a>, our translation). It set aside the judgment that treated the agreement as lapsed upon publication, even though other exchanges remained covered.<\/p><p>The agreement is not enough to establish authorship of the invention. In a dispute in which a collaborator claimed that a company had filed his process, the Paris Court of Appeal noted that \u201cthe invention is protected only by what is set out in the claims\u201d and dismissed the action, for lack of proof that the patented invention had been taken from him (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/63f07bf66513ae05de8616b8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 17 February 2023, No. 21\/08764<\/a>, our translation). The composition handed over in confidence was based on sodium citrate, whereas the patent concerned citric acid, and the court held that the two compounds are not interchangeable. The SME should therefore keep dated evidence that corresponds precisely to what it files.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can software, an interface or a business method be patented?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not as such. Paragraph 2 of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298703\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-10 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> excludes in particular mathematical methods, methods in the field of economic activities, computer programs and presentations of information, where the application relates to those items considered as such.<\/p><p>A recent decision illustrates the limit, to the applicant's detriment. The Court of Cassation dismissed the appeal against the rejection of an application concerning the display of the stages of a flight on a timeline (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ac607aec27382d099f5a3c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 7 October 2026, No. 25-15.279<\/a>). It accepts the patentability of such a claim only \u201cunless it refers to a technical device or means that produces a technical effect making a technical contribution to the problem set out in the patent application\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6ac607aec27382d099f5a3c6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same judgment<\/a>, our translation). The effect relied on must not depend on the user's subjective preferences.<\/p><p>For an SME developing embedded software, a control process or a sensor, the issue is therefore to identify the technical effect produced and to make it appear in the claims. Where the application shows no technical contribution, the patent route is closed and other forms of protection, subject to their own conditions, must be examined. The firm can study these options with the patent attorney in charge of the filing.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does the court assess inventive step?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279411\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279411\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-14 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>, an invention involves an inventive step if, to a person skilled in the art, it does not follow in an obvious manner from the state of the art. The choice of that person skilled in the art is often decisive.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation states that \u201cthe person skilled in the art is the one in the technical field in which the problem arises that the invention, the subject of the patent, sets out to solve\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67da686a9adb0fcda38e00b1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 19 March 2025, No. 23-13.576<\/a>, our translation). It set aside, in favour of the patentee, a judgment that had taken a general electronics engineer as the person skilled in the art, although the invention concerned the electrical power supply of aircraft cabins.<\/p><p>It also frames reasoning by combining prior documents: \u201celements of the prior art destroy inventive step only if, combined with one another in a way reasonably accessible to the person skilled in the art, they would obviously have enabled that person to bring to the problem solved by the invention the same solution as the invention\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a3b6c9fcdc6046d477450b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 24 June 2026, No. 24-14.680<\/a>, our translation). For an SME, these criteria matter from the moment of filing: the description must set out clearly the technical problem and the advantage obtained, because these are what will be argued in the event of an opposition or an invalidity action based on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573204\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573204\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-25<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does an employee's invention belong to the SME that employs them?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It depends on its category. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-7 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> allocates to the employer inventions made in the performance of a contract that includes an inventive assignment corresponding to the employee's actual duties, or of studies expressly entrusted to the employee. The employee then receives additional remuneration set by the collective agreement, the company agreement or the contract. Other inventions belong to the employee, but the employer may have allocated to it those connected with the employee's duties or with the company's activities or resources, for a fair price.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation accepts that the employer may assign its right in an invention made in the course of the employee's assignment: \u201cthe right to the patent on that invention belongs solely to the employer. No provision prevents the employer from assigning that right to a third party\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/61d5456fd1f0ab051874905c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 5 January 2022, No. 19-22.030<\/a>, our translation). In that case, the employee-inventor's claim for ownership against the assignee was dismissed.<\/p><p>A dispute over additional remuneration is not for the employment tribunal (conseil de prud'hommes). The Social Chamber approved the finding that the employment tribunal lacked jurisdiction, the action falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the judicial court (tribunal judiciaire) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6718920dd8ceca1cd7018c90\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. soc., 23 October 2024, No. 22-19.700<\/a>). The SME should therefore put the invention declaration, the classification and the remuneration in writing as soon as technical staff are hired.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What form must the assignment of a patent take?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A writing, on pain of nullity. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> covers any transfer of the rights attached to an application or a patent, in whole or in part, as well as licences. A verbal agreement or an ambiguous exchange of emails leaves the transfer open to challenge: the writing must establish unequivocally the parties' agreement and the rights transferred.<\/p><p>In an infringement dispute, the Paris Court of Appeal examined a deed of assignment challenged by the defendant, who complained of the absence of the parties' addresses and registration numbers. It held that \u201cthe deed of assignment is indeed evidenced in writing as required by the last paragraph of Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code\u201d and declared the assignee entitled to bring proceedings for acts predating the assignment (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68df5bcbcf4e7f1c37e1cbb1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 1 October 2025, No. 24\/12410<\/a>, our translation). The outcome also depended on the foreign law governing the contract, which rules out drawing a general rule from it.<\/p><p>For an SME, a useful deed of assignment specifies at a minimum the full identification of the parties, the application or patent numbers, the countries covered, the price and how it is paid, the assignor's warranties, the fate of earlier infringing acts and the obligation to record. The same care is needed for the contribution of a patent to a company's capital.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Why record the assignment or licence in the National Patent Register?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Because a deed that has not been recorded is not enforceable against third parties. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-9 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> requires the recording of all deeds transferring or modifying the rights attached to a patent, except as against a third party who knew of the deed when it acquired its own rights.<\/p><p>The consequence is concrete for the buyer. The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cuntil the transfer has been recorded in the register, the successor in title cannot rely on the rights arising from the deed that transferred ownership of the patent to it\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6628a05cb2cb67000826a353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 24 April 2024, No. 22-22.999<\/a>, our translation). The buyer therefore cannot bring an infringement action before recording.<\/p><p>Once the recording is made, the regularisation takes effect. The same decision allows compensation for acts committed since the transfer and, \u201cif the deed transferring the rights so specifies, for the harm caused to it by acts committed before the transfer\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6628a05cb2cb67000826a353\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 24 April 2024<\/a>, our translation). The clause in the deed on earlier acts therefore has direct effect.<\/p><p>The same article nonetheless allows a licensee whose contract is not recorded to intervene in the infringement proceedings brought by the holder, in order to obtain compensation for its own harm. The firm checks the register extract before any purchase and arranges the recording as soon as the deed is signed.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Exclusive or non-exclusive licence: what difference does the choice make for the SME?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> allows an exclusive or non-exclusive licence to be granted, in whole or in part. The holder may enforce the patent against a licensee who exceeds the limits of the licence, for example by exploiting outside the territory, field of application or duration provided for.<\/p><p>The choice changes how the patent is defended. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891114\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 615-2<\/a>, the exclusive licensee may bring an infringement action, unless the contract provides otherwise, provided it informs the holder beforehand; the non-exclusive licensee may do so only if the contract expressly authorises it, and it too must inform the holder beforehand, on pain of inadmissibility. The validity of the patent cannot be challenged in the licensee's action if the holder is not a party to the proceedings.<\/p><p>Exclusivity calls for something in return: an obligation to exploit, minimum royalties, sales targets, a right to take back exclusivity in the event of non-performance. Where the patent belongs to several co-owners, an exclusive licence requires the agreement of all of them or court authorisation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-29<\/a>). The firm drafts the territory clause, the fate of improvements and the allocation of infringement actions according to the SME's business model, whether it is licensor or licensee.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can the royalties under a patent licence be secured?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The contract must set the basis, the rate, the frequency, the proof of sales and the penalties for late payment. Recent case law shows that these clauses are applied as written, which means they must be drafted precisely.<\/p><p>In an exclusive licence providing for a percentage of sales and a monthly minimum, the Paris Court of Appeal held that the minimum remained due even without sales, the parties having agreed a guaranteed minimum \u201capplying, even in the event of non-exploitation, for the contractual term of three years\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67e78fe459838ee62256b160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 5 March 2025, No. 22\/10410<\/a>, our translation). It refused to treat this as a penalty clause, the stipulation being intended \u201cnot to penalise the breach of an undertaking but to compensate on a lump-sum basis a shortfall in royalties\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/67e78fe459838ee62256b160\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">same judgment<\/a>, our translation). The licensee was ordered to pay.<\/p><p>For its part, the Riom Court of Appeal noted that the licensee had undertaken to keep separate accounts for the exploitation and held that it could not make payment of the royalties conditional on the patentee issuing invoices (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/690c3adf1f8a20b910e94650\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Riom, ch. com., 5 November 2025, No. 24\/01527<\/a>). These decisions rule on particular contracts: the rates and amounts they mention are not a benchmark. The firm provides for an audit right, periodic statements and a suitable termination clause.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens if the SME forgets to pay an annual fee?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Annual fees must be paid when due, with a six-month grace period on payment of a surcharge (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019910654\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019910654\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 612-19 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). After that period, the holder forfeits its rights as of the unpaid due date (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020254241\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-22<\/a>).<\/p><p>An application for restoration exists, but it is bound by strict time limits. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 612-16<\/a> requires a legitimate excuse and an application made within two months of the end of the impediment, the period within which the omitted act must also be performed. The application is admissible only within the year following the expiry of the time limit not observed, which, for an annual fee, means the six-month grace period; restoration also requires payment of the fees due within the regulatory time limit.<\/p><p>The Court of Cassation applies these time limits strictly, to the patentee's detriment. It holds that \u201cthe notification of the decision recording the forfeiture of a patent, whether made to the patentee or to its representative, puts an end to the legitimate excuse\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/646478035c7899d0f88f899a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 17 May 2023, No. 22-10.744<\/a>, our translation). An application made more than two months after that notification was declared inadmissible, and the representative's default was not accepted as an excuse for the holder.<\/p><p>An SME should therefore keep a calendar of annual fees for each country, appoint an internal person responsible and check the notices sent by its representative. In an assignment or a licence, the contract states who pays the annual fees.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can a patent co-owned with a partner be exploited?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A joint filing with a laboratory, a customer or a partner creates a co-ownership governed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-29 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>. Each co-owner may exploit the invention for its own benefit, subject to fairly compensating those who do not personally exploit the invention or have not granted a licence. Each may bring an infringement action for its own benefit, provided the writ of summons is notified to the others.<\/p><p>Licences are subject to a more demanding regime. A non-exclusive licence requires the plan to be notified to the other co-owners together with an offer to sell the share at a stated price; they have three months to object by buying that share. An exclusive licence requires the agreement of all or court authorisation. The assignment of a share gives rise to a three-month right of pre-emption.<\/p><p>These rules apply only in the absence of contrary provisions, and the co-owners may depart from them at any time by means of co-ownership regulations (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279518\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279518\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-32<\/a>). For an SME, these regulations are often the most useful deed of a research partnership: they set out who files, who pays the annual fees, who exploits in which field, how royalties are shared and what happens if a partner leaves.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A third party has filed the SME's invention: what can be done?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028717115\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 611-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a> provides an action for ownership where the patent was applied for in respect of an invention taken from the inventor or in breach of a legal or contractual obligation. It is subject to a five-year limitation period running from publication of the grant, or from expiry of the patent where there was bad faith when the patent was granted or acquired.<\/p><p>Until that action succeeds, the applicant retains certain prerogatives. The Court of Cassation holds that the applicant, even if it knew it was not entitled to the patent, has \u201cuntil any action for ownership brought against it succeeds, standing and an interest to bring an infringement action against any third party\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6a3b6c9fcdc6046d477450b3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. com., 24 June 2026, No. 24-14.680<\/a>, our translation). The ownership action should therefore be brought without delay.<\/p><p>The burden of proof remains on the claimant. In the case decided by the Paris Court of Appeal on 17 February 2023, the action was dismissed because the documents produced did not correspond to the invention as claimed (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/63f07bf66513ae05de8616b8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 17 February 2023, No. 21\/08764<\/a>). The firm gathers the dated documents, signed agreements and exchanges that establish the origin of the invention, then compares them with the published claims before acting.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>A competitor exploits the patented invention: what remedies does the SME have?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Without the holder's consent, the manufacture, offer, placing on the market, use, import, export or possession for those purposes of the patented product are prohibited (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891099\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891099\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 613-3 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/a>). Any breach of those rights constitutes infringement giving rise to the civil liability of its author (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891091\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 615-1<\/a>). The same provision, however, holds a person other than the manufacturer liable, for offering, placing on the market, using or possessing the product, only if that person acted knowingly.<\/p><p>Evidence is prepared before the writ of summons is served. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028716713\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028716713\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 615-5<\/a> allows a detailed description or a seizure of the products or processes alleged to infringe to be carried out on an order issued on application. To set damages, the court takes into account separately the negative economic consequences, including lost profits and losses suffered, the non-material damage and the infringer's profits, including its savings on investment. At the injured party's request, it may instead award a lump sum higher than the royalties that would have been due, without excluding compensation for non-material damage (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028716670\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028716670\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 615-7<\/a>).<\/p><p>The action is subject to a five-year limitation period running from the day the holder knew or should have known the last fact enabling it to bring the action (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038613109\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000038613109\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 615-8<\/a>). It falls within the jurisdiction of the Paris judicial court (tribunal judiciaire), in the cases and on the conditions laid down by the Code (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039280904\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039280904\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 615-17<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039066848\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039066848\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article D. 211-6 of the Code of Judicial Organisation<\/a>). Before acting, the SME checks that the patent is recorded in its name, that the annual fees are paid and that the rights of action granted to licensees by contract are identified: these are the first points the defence will raise.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298703\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298703\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 611-10 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">conditions of patentability<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298700\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 611-11 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">novelty and state of the art<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279789\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 611-7 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">employees' inventions<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006279475\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">assignment and licence in writing<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019298708\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 613-9 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">recording in the National Patent Register<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039279761\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 613-29 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">patent co-ownership<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000041573172\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 612-16 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">application for restoration<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891114\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000036891114\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article L. 615-2 of the Intellectual Property Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">licensee's infringement action<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/intellectual-property-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Intellectual property<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/industrial-property-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Industrial property<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/industrial-design-lawyer-paris\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Designs<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/due-diligence-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Legal due diligence<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/unfair-competition-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Unfair competition<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 1 November 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>An invention to file, license or assign? <em>Take stock today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Send the application or patent, the contracts already signed and the draft deed: the firm checks ownership, the formalities to complete and the clauses to negotiate.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can an SME show its invention before filing the patent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In principle, no. Article L. 611-11 of the Intellectual Property Code defines the state of the art as everything made available to the public before the filing date, by written or oral description, use or any other means. A demonstration at a trade fair, an online video, a sales brochure or an offer sent to a customer without any confidentiality obligation can therefore be set against the application. Article L. 611-13 disregards a disclosure made in the six months before filing in only two narrow cases: an evident abuse against the inventor, or a presentation at an official or officially recognised exhibition within the meaning of the 1928 convention, declared at the time of filing. An ordinary trade fair does not, on its own, fall within that scope. However, a prior art disclosure destroys novelty only if it reproduces the invention in all its elements. The Court of Cassation reiterated this in approving a court of appeal that had distinguished a suction hose from an electric cable subject to different constraints (Cass. com., 15 October 2025, No. 24-10.010). The firm lists the communications already made and checks their exact content before fixing the filing date.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can the invention be protected during discussions with an industrial partner?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"By a confidentiality agreement signed before the first technical meeting. It should identify the protected information, the purpose for which it may be used, the people authorised to know it and the duration of the undertaking. A dated annex listing the documents handed over makes proof easier in the event of a dispute. Publication of the patent application does not release the partner from all its obligations. The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cpublication of a patent application discloses to the public only the technical characteristics and the information relating to the invention that it contains\u201d (Cass. com., 17 May 2023, No. 19-25.007, our translation). It set aside the judgment that treated the agreement as lapsed upon publication, even though other exchanges remained covered. The agreement is not enough to establish authorship of the invention. In a dispute in which a collaborator claimed that a company had filed his process, the Paris Court of Appeal noted that \u201cthe invention is protected only by what is set out in the claims\u201d and dismissed the action, for lack of proof that the patented invention had been taken from him (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 17 February 2023, No. 21\/08764, our translation). The composition handed over in confidence was based on sodium citrate, whereas the patent concerned citric acid, and the court held that the two compounds are not interchangeable. The SME should therefore keep dated evidence that corresponds precisely to what it files.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can software, an interface or a business method be patented?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not as such. Paragraph 2 of Article L. 611-10 of the Intellectual Property Code excludes in particular mathematical methods, methods in the field of economic activities, computer programs and presentations of information, where the application relates to those items considered as such. A recent decision illustrates the limit, to the applicant's detriment. The Court of Cassation dismissed the appeal against the rejection of an application concerning the display of the stages of a flight on a timeline (Cass. com., 7 October 2026, No. 25-15.279). It accepts the patentability of such a claim only \u201cunless it refers to a technical device or means that produces a technical effect making a technical contribution to the problem set out in the patent application\u201d (same judgment, our translation). The effect relied on must not depend on the user's subjective preferences. For an SME developing embedded software, a control process or a sensor, the issue is therefore to identify the technical effect produced and to make it appear in the claims. Where the application shows no technical contribution, the patent route is closed and other forms of protection, subject to their own conditions, must be examined. The firm can study these options with the patent attorney in charge of the filing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does the court assess inventive step?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Under Article L. 611-14 of the Intellectual Property Code, an invention involves an inventive step if, to a person skilled in the art, it does not follow in an obvious manner from the state of the art. The choice of that person skilled in the art is often decisive. The Court of Cassation states that \u201cthe person skilled in the art is the one in the technical field in which the problem arises that the invention, the subject of the patent, sets out to solve\u201d (Cass. com., 19 March 2025, No. 23-13.576, our translation). It set aside, in favour of the patentee, a judgment that had taken a general electronics engineer as the person skilled in the art, although the invention concerned the electrical power supply of aircraft cabins. It also frames reasoning by combining prior documents: \u201celements of the prior art destroy inventive step only if, combined with one another in a way reasonably accessible to the person skilled in the art, they would obviously have enabled that person to bring to the problem solved by the invention the same solution as the invention\u201d (Cass. com., 24 June 2026, No. 24-14.680, our translation). For an SME, these criteria matter from the moment of filing: the description must set out clearly the technical problem and the advantage obtained, because these are what will be argued in the event of an opposition or an invalidity action based on Article L. 613-25.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does an employee's invention belong to the SME that employs them?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It depends on its category. Article L. 611-7 of the Intellectual Property Code allocates to the employer inventions made in the performance of a contract that includes an inventive assignment corresponding to the employee's actual duties, or of studies expressly entrusted to the employee. The employee then receives additional remuneration set by the collective agreement, the company agreement or the contract. Other inventions belong to the employee, but the employer may have allocated to it those connected with the employee's duties or with the company's activities or resources, for a fair price. The Court of Cassation accepts that the employer may assign its right in an invention made in the course of the employee's assignment: \u201cthe right to the patent on that invention belongs solely to the employer. No provision prevents the employer from assigning that right to a third party\u201d (Cass. com., 5 January 2022, No. 19-22.030, our translation). In that case, the employee-inventor's claim for ownership against the assignee was dismissed. A dispute over additional remuneration is not for the employment tribunal (conseil de prud'hommes). The Social Chamber approved the finding that the employment tribunal lacked jurisdiction, the action falling within the exclusive jurisdiction of the judicial court (tribunal judiciaire) (Cass. soc., 23 October 2024, No. 22-19.700). The SME should therefore put the invention declaration, the classification and the remuneration in writing as soon as technical staff are hired.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What form must the assignment of a patent take?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A writing, on pain of nullity. Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code covers any transfer of the rights attached to an application or a patent, in whole or in part, as well as licences. A verbal agreement or an ambiguous exchange of emails leaves the transfer open to challenge: the writing must establish unequivocally the parties' agreement and the rights transferred. In an infringement dispute, the Paris Court of Appeal examined a deed of assignment challenged by the defendant, who complained of the absence of the parties' addresses and registration numbers. It held that \u201cthe deed of assignment is indeed evidenced in writing as required by the last paragraph of Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code\u201d and declared the assignee entitled to bring proceedings for acts predating the assignment (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 1 October 2025, No. 24\/12410, our translation). The outcome also depended on the foreign law governing the contract, which rules out drawing a general rule from it. For an SME, a useful deed of assignment specifies at a minimum the full identification of the parties, the application or patent numbers, the countries covered, the price and how it is paid, the assignor's warranties, the fate of earlier infringing acts and the obligation to record. The same care is needed for the contribution of a patent to a company's capital.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Why record the assignment or licence in the National Patent Register?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Because a deed that has not been recorded is not enforceable against third parties. Article L. 613-9 of the Intellectual Property Code requires the recording of all deeds transferring or modifying the rights attached to a patent, except as against a third party who knew of the deed when it acquired its own rights. The consequence is concrete for the buyer. The Court of Cassation holds that \u201cuntil the transfer has been recorded in the register, the successor in title cannot rely on the rights arising from the deed that transferred ownership of the patent to it\u201d (Cass. com., 24 April 2024, No. 22-22.999, our translation). The buyer therefore cannot bring an infringement action before recording. Once the recording is made, the regularisation takes effect. The same decision allows compensation for acts committed since the transfer and, \u201cif the deed transferring the rights so specifies, for the harm caused to it by acts committed before the transfer\u201d (Cass. com., 24 April 2024, our translation). The clause in the deed on earlier acts therefore has direct effect. The same article nonetheless allows a licensee whose contract is not recorded to intervene in the infringement proceedings brought by the holder, in order to obtain compensation for its own harm. The firm checks the register extract before any purchase and arranges the recording as soon as the deed is signed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Exclusive or non-exclusive licence: what difference does the choice make for the SME?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article L. 613-8 of the Intellectual Property Code allows an exclusive or non-exclusive licence to be granted, in whole or in part. The holder may enforce the patent against a licensee who exceeds the limits of the licence, for example by exploiting outside the territory, field of application or duration provided for. The choice changes how the patent is defended. Under Article L. 615-2, the exclusive licensee may bring an infringement action, unless the contract provides otherwise, provided it informs the holder beforehand; the non-exclusive licensee may do so only if the contract expressly authorises it, and it too must inform the holder beforehand, on pain of inadmissibility. The validity of the patent cannot be challenged in the licensee's action if the holder is not a party to the proceedings. Exclusivity calls for something in return: an obligation to exploit, minimum royalties, sales targets, a right to take back exclusivity in the event of non-performance. Where the patent belongs to several co-owners, an exclusive licence requires the agreement of all of them or court authorisation (Article L. 613-29). The firm drafts the territory clause, the fate of improvements and the allocation of infringement actions according to the SME's business model, whether it is licensor or licensee.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can the royalties under a patent licence be secured?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The contract must set the basis, the rate, the frequency, the proof of sales and the penalties for late payment. Recent case law shows that these clauses are applied as written, which means they must be drafted precisely. In an exclusive licence providing for a percentage of sales and a monthly minimum, the Paris Court of Appeal held that the minimum remained due even without sales, the parties having agreed a guaranteed minimum \u201capplying, even in the event of non-exploitation, for the contractual term of three years\u201d (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 1, 5 March 2025, No. 22\/10410, our translation). It refused to treat this as a penalty clause, the stipulation being intended \u201cnot to penalise the breach of an undertaking but to compensate on a lump-sum basis a shortfall in royalties\u201d (same judgment, our translation). The licensee was ordered to pay. For its part, the Riom Court of Appeal noted that the licensee had undertaken to keep separate accounts for the exploitation and held that it could not make payment of the royalties conditional on the patentee issuing invoices (CA Riom, ch. com., 5 November 2025, No. 24\/01527). These decisions rule on particular contracts: the rates and amounts they mention are not a benchmark. The firm provides for an audit right, periodic statements and a suitable termination clause.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens if the SME forgets to pay an annual fee?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Annual fees must be paid when due, with a six-month grace period on payment of a surcharge (Article L. 612-19 of the Intellectual Property Code). After that period, the holder forfeits its rights as of the unpaid due date (Article L. 613-22). An application for restoration exists, but it is bound by strict time limits. Article L. 612-16 requires a legitimate excuse and an application made within two months of the end of the impediment, the period within which the omitted act must also be performed. The application is admissible only within the year following the expiry of the time limit not observed, which, for an annual fee, means the six-month grace period; restoration also requires payment of the fees due within the regulatory time limit. The Court of Cassation applies these time limits strictly, to the patentee's detriment. It holds that \u201cthe notification of the decision recording the forfeiture of a patent, whether made to the patentee or to its representative, puts an end to the legitimate excuse\u201d (Cass. com., 17 May 2023, No. 22-10.744, our translation). An application made more than two months after that notification was declared inadmissible, and the representative's default was not accepted as an excuse for the holder. An SME should therefore keep a calendar of annual fees for each country, appoint an internal person responsible and check the notices sent by its representative. In an assignment or a licence, the contract states who pays the annual fees.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can a patent co-owned with a partner be exploited?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A joint filing with a laboratory, a customer or a partner creates a co-ownership governed by Article L. 613-29 of the Intellectual Property Code. Each co-owner may exploit the invention for its own benefit, subject to fairly compensating those who do not personally exploit the invention or have not granted a licence. Each may bring an infringement action for its own benefit, provided the writ of summons is notified to the others. Licences are subject to a more demanding regime. A non-exclusive licence requires the plan to be notified to the other co-owners together with an offer to sell the share at a stated price; they have three months to object by buying that share. An exclusive licence requires the agreement of all or court authorisation. The assignment of a share gives rise to a three-month right of pre-emption. These rules apply only in the absence of contrary provisions, and the co-owners may depart from them at any time by means of co-ownership regulations (Article L. 613-32). For an SME, these regulations are often the most useful deed of a research partnership: they set out who files, who pays the annual fees, who exploits in which field, how royalties are shared and what happens if a partner leaves.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A third party has filed the SME's invention: what can be done?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article L. 611-8 of the Intellectual Property Code provides an action for ownership where the patent was applied for in respect of an invention taken from the inventor or in breach of a legal or contractual obligation. It is subject to a five-year limitation period running from publication of the grant, or from expiry of the patent where there was bad faith when the patent was granted or acquired. Until that action succeeds, the applicant retains certain prerogatives. The Court of Cassation holds that the applicant, even if it knew it was not entitled to the patent, has \u201cuntil any action for ownership brought against it succeeds, standing and an interest to bring an infringement action against any third party\u201d (Cass. com., 24 June 2026, No. 24-14.680, our translation). The ownership action should therefore be brought without delay. The burden of proof remains on the claimant. In the case decided by the Paris Court of Appeal on 17 February 2023, the action was dismissed because the documents produced did not correspond to the invention as claimed (CA Paris, p\u00f4le 5 ch. 2, 17 February 2023, No. 21\/08764). The firm gathers the dated documents, signed agreements and exchanges that establish the origin of the invention, then compares them with the published claims before acting.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"A competitor exploits the patented invention: what remedies does the SME have?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Without the holder's consent, the manufacture, offer, placing on the market, use, import, export or possession for those purposes of the patented product are prohibited (Article L. 613-3 of the Intellectual Property Code). Any breach of those rights constitutes infringement giving rise to the civil liability of its author (Article L. 615-1). The same provision, however, holds a person other than the manufacturer liable, for offering, placing on the market, using or possessing the product, only if that person acted knowingly. Evidence is prepared before the writ of summons is served. Article L. 615-5 allows a detailed description or a seizure of the products or processes alleged to infringe to be carried out on an order issued on application. To set damages, the court takes into account separately the negative economic consequences, including lost profits and losses suffered, the non-material damage and the infringer's profits, including its savings on investment. At the injured party's request, it may instead award a lump sum higher than the royalties that would have been due, without excluding compensation for non-material damage (Article L. 615-7). The action is subject to a five-year limitation period running from the day the holder knew or should have known the last fact enabling it to bring the action (Article L. 615-8). It falls within the jurisdiction of the Paris judicial court (tribunal judiciaire), in the cases and on the conditions laid down by the Code (Article L. 615-17 and Article D. 211-6 of the Code of Judicial Organisation). Before acting, the SME checks that the patent is recorded in its name, that the annual fees are paid and that the rights of action granted to licensees by contract are identified: these are the first points the defence will raise.\"}}]}<\/script><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Patent lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/patent-lawyer-paris\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": 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data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157083 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/tim-schmidbauer-EnC5f7At4ac-unsplash-1-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157083 post-2157083 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-unpaid-invoice-penalties-injonction-payer-abroad\/\">Your French Client Has Not Paid: Late-Payment Penalties, the 40 Euro Fee and the Injunction-to-Pay While You Live Abroad<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157055 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/allison-saeng-Hpw4nI_QUWQ-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157055 post-2157055 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-corporate-bank-account-refusal-abroad\/\">Your French Bank Won&#8217;t Open a Corporate Account While You Live Abroad: Right to an Account, Banque de France Designation and the Anti-Money-Laundering Wall<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2157013 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2157013 post-2157013 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-pay-abroad-salary-dividends-management-fees\/\">Your French SAS Pays You While You Live Abroad: Salary, Dividends or Management Fees<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156883 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/getty-images-p1ZW7qeVRyE-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156883 post-2156883 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/25\/foreign-company-france-sas-capital-increase-cash-call-filing-abroad\/\">Your French SAS Needs Cash From Abroad: Increase Capital, Call Up Unpaid Shares or Lend Instead \u2014 Filing and New Kbis Without Flying to Paris<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156702 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/pawel-czerwinski-mIT9kEQBC6Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156702 post-2156702 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-hire-first-employee-dpae-contract-trial-pay-abroad\/\">Hiring Your First French Employee While You Live Abroad: DPAE, Contract, Trial Period, Pay and Registration<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156668 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/alex-vasey-F5HtPjpBb9k-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156668 post-2156668 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-management-fees-transfer-pricing-file-defence-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Pays Management Fees to Its Foreign Parent While You Live Abroad: Transfer Pricing File, Deduction and Reassessment Defence<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156642 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/shubham-dhage-ICCn56-jyuw-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156642 post-2156642 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-doing-business-in-france\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/foreign-company-france-shareholder-loan-compte-courant-abroad\/\">Your French Subsidiary Needs Cash From Abroad: Shareholder Loans (Compte Courant d&#8217;Associe), Interest, Approval and Getting Repaid<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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A prototype shown to a customer too early, an employee engineer claiming the invention, a licence signed with no guaranteed minimum, an assignment never recorded at the French intellectual property office (INPI): the value of [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":2157176,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161199","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Patent lawyer Paris: SME patents | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Patent lawyer in Paris for SMEs: filing, licensing and assignment of patents, ownership and annual fees. 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