{"id":2161104,"date":"2024-11-17T22:17:28","date_gmt":"2024-11-17T21:17:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161104"},"modified":"2026-11-04T18:59:13","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T17:59:13","slug":"contract-drafting-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/contract-drafting-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Contract drafting lawyer in Paris: clauses, risks and negotiation"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161104\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161104 elementor-17801\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2aff17801 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"c2aff17801\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-w2aff17801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"w2aff17801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-17801-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Tailored drafting \u2014 clause-by-clause audit<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Contract drafting lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> clauses, risks and negotiation.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Drafting a commercial contract is not filling in a template. It means anticipating the real risk in the relationship: prices that drift, deadlines that slip, a badly organised exit, clauses that will collapse in front of a judge. As a contract drafting lawyer in Paris, the firm drafts clause by clause from the economic file, negotiates the sensitive points with the other party, and reviews the final version before signature.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">A badly drafted clause costs more to litigate than to fix beforehand. A few hours of review before signature are better than years of litigation over a misplaced comma.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-17801-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-17801-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-17801-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-17801-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Commercial contracts \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Do you have a contract to sign or to draft? Send the draft, and the firm will come back within twenty-four hours with a clause-by-clause audit.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Commercial contract drafting in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Drafting a commercial contract, <em>clause by clause<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-risque\" aria-controls=\"kcv-risque\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The real risk<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-prix\" aria-controls=\"kcv-prix\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Price and penalties<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-tableau\" aria-controls=\"kcv-tableau\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Clause by clause<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-sortie\" aria-controls=\"kcv-sortie\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The exit<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-doser\" aria-controls=\"kcv-doser\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Sensitive clauses<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-relire\" aria-controls=\"kcv-relire\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The review<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-reperes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-reperes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Key points<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Business law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>Reda Kohen, <em>lawyer in Paris<\/em><\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Commercial contracts<\/li><li>Negotiation<\/li><li>Contract litigation<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Registered with the Paris Bar, the firm drafts and negotiates commercial contracts for company directors, finance directors (DAF) and in-house counsel of SMEs. The practice combines a clause-by-clause audit, managed negotiation and review before signature, with a single aim: that the contract holds up in the event of a dispute.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Tailored drafting<\/h3><p>No recycled contracts<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Clause-by-clause audit<\/h3><p>Risks spotted before signature<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Managed negotiation<\/h3><p>Margins weighed with the client<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Firm in Paris 17th<\/h3><p>11 rue Margueritte, 75017<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-risque\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-risque\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The real risk<\/p>\n<h2>Drafting a commercial contract: <em>starting from the real risk<\/em><\/h2>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Civil Code 1103, 1104, 1112-1<\/li><li>Penalty clause<\/li><li>Non-compete<\/li><li>Confidentiality<\/li><li>Signatory director<\/li><li>Finance director<\/li><li>In-house counsel<\/li><\/ul>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">A good contract does not describe the ideal situation. It anticipates what will happen when the other party stops paying, disputes the services, leaves for a competitor or asks for more than was agreed. The firm drafts from the economic file, asking the director the right questions before opening a template.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\">Three principles of the French Civil Code (Code civil) structure any negotiation: the binding force of contracts (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040746\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040746\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1103 of the Civil Code<\/a>), good faith (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040750\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040750\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1104 of the Civil Code<\/a>) and the duty of pre-contractual disclosure (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040861\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040861\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1112-1 of the Civil Code<\/a>). Any director who conceals decisive information incurs liability, even if the contract finally signed does not mention it.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Documents to send before drafting<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Draft or template received<\/h3><p>The other party's text, prior email exchanges, term sheet, letter of intent.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Economics of the relationship<\/h3><p>Forecast volume, price, margin, critical deadlines, intended term, exclusivity or not.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Identified risks<\/h3><p>Past disputes with this partner or a similar one, known friction points.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Desired exit<\/h3><p>Acceptable notice period, conditions for early termination, fate of data and stock.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-prix\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-prix\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Price, deadlines, penalties<\/p>\n<h2>Price, deadlines, penalties: <em>avoiding unusable clauses<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">A penalty clause with no cap, a prohibited indexation, a payment period that does not comply with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045745994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045745994\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 441-10 of the Commercial Code<\/a> (Code de commerce), and the contract turns against whoever drafted it. The judge has a power to moderate the penalty clause (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code<\/a>) which can be exercised even of the judge's own motion if the penalty is manifestly excessive or derisory.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\">The Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation recalls that moderation requires a concrete assessment of the disproportion between the harm suffered and the penalty set. An amount proportionate to documented foreseeable harm holds up better than a massive lump-sum penalty with no economic justification.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p><strong>Verified case law.<\/strong> Cass. com., 4 September 2024, No. 23-14.369. The Court quashes the judgment that had reduced the penalty clause to 10,000 euros on grounds unsuited to assessing the manifest disproportion between the harm actually suffered and the contractual amount, and that had not answered the submissions documenting the additional costs borne by the creditor. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/66d8051d8c253fd3db1c2d47\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the decision on courdecassation.fr<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">What the firm checks clause by clause<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Price and indexation<\/h3><p>Lawful indices, review frequency, hardship clauses, cap mechanisms.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Deadlines and timetable<\/h3><p>Statutory payment periods, contractual milestones, consequences of a supplier's delay.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Calibrated penalty clause<\/h3><p>Cap proportionate to foreseeable harm, assessment mechanism, formal notice clause.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Limitation of liability<\/h3><p>Capped amounts, warranty exclusions, interaction with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041479\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1170 of the Civil Code<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-tableau\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-tableau\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Deciding clause by clause according to <em>your situation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">This table summarises the most frequent trade-offs observed at the firm. Each row describes a concrete contractual situation, the associated risk, the clause to include and the decision to take before signature.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Price fixed for 36 months<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Margin crushed by raw-material inflation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Clause to provide for:<\/strong> Lawful indexation or hardship clause.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Negotiate the review at the drafting stage.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Lump-sum penalties set with no cap<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Judicial reduction and a long trial.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Clause to provide for:<\/strong> Capped amount and assessment formula.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Document the foreseeable harm.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>5-year nationwide non-compete<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Annulment for disproportion.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Clause to provide for:<\/strong> Limits on time, territory and activity.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Reduce to 24 months and a justified area.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Confidentiality with no defined scope<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Clause unenforceable, leaks tolerated.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Clause to provide for:<\/strong> Precise definition of the protected information.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> List the media and durations.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Termination with no explicit notice period<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Sudden termination, damages.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Clause to provide for:<\/strong> Specified notice period and formal notice procedure.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Calibrate according to length of relationship and dependence.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Imbalance in essential clauses<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Main risk:<\/strong> Clause deemed unwritten, civil fine.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Clause to provide for:<\/strong> Rewriting to balance the obligations.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Recommended decision:<\/strong> Check <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054716237\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000054716237\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041484\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1171 of the Civil Code<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-sortie\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-sortie\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Termination and notice<\/p>\n<h2>Termination and notice: <em>organising the exit<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The exit from a contract is prepared in the contract itself. Without a clear clause, termination becomes dangerous legal ground: characterisation as a sudden termination (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623906\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623906\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article L. 442-1, II of the Commercial Code<\/a>), contested unilateral termination for breach (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040989\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040989\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1226 of the Civil Code<\/a>), and the missing notice period being made good through damages.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\">The drafting provides for the term of the contract, the cases of termination for breach, the cases of termination at term, the arrangements for performance during the notice period and the fate of data, stock and ongoing commitments. The firm calibrates the notice period according to the length of the relationship, the economic dependence of the weaker party and the practices of the sector.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p><strong>Verified case law.<\/strong> Cass. com., 8 July 2020, No. 17-31.536 (Expedia case). The Court recalls that the provisions on significant imbalance and on the automatic advantage of pricing clauses are overriding mandatory rules (lois de police), essential to the French economic organisation, which are binding on the judge even where the contract is governed by a foreign law. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca4b2545949c4fa83897f8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the decision on courdecassation.fr<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\" style=\"display:block\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Draft contract<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit the draft contract through the confidential form at the top of the page.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-doser\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-doser\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Confidentiality, non-compete, exclusivity<\/p>\n<h2>Confidentiality, non-compete, exclusivity: <em>measuring the constraint<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">Three families of clauses account for most contractual disputes. Confidentiality protects sensitive information shared during negotiation and performance. A non-compete prevents the partner from reusing know-how or clients after the contract ends. Exclusivity reserves an activity, a territory or a category of clients to one contracting party.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\">The Commercial Chamber recalls that a non-compete clause provided for on a sale is lawful provided it is limited in time and space, proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected, and accompanied by financial consideration if the seller was an employee at the date of the undertaking. A clause that is too broad collapses before the judge and releases the partner.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p><strong>Verified case law.<\/strong> Cass. com., 17 September 2025, No. 24-14.883. The Court recalls that a non-compete clause stipulated on a sale of company shares is lawful only if it is limited in time and space and proportionate to the legitimate interests to be protected. Its validity also requires financial consideration where the signatory is an employee of the company that they undertake not to compete with. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/68ca5a8b892376614a834589\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the decision on courdecassation.fr<\/a>.<\/p><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Three cases handled recently<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Penalty clause of 480,000 euros moderated to 145,000 euros<\/h3><p>Industrial supply contract with a penalty of 0.5% per day of delay with no cap. The court found the penalty manifestly excessive in light of the harm established and reduced it to 145,000 euros. The initial drafting provided neither a cap nor a mechanism for assessing the harm.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>24-month nationwide non-compete held disproportionate<\/h3><p>Sale of a regional consulting company. The clause prohibited the seller from any similar activity in France for two years without consideration. The judge annulled the clause on the ground that its geographic scope was disproportionate to the reality of the market served by the buyer.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Breach of confidentiality, compensation of 88,000 euros<\/h3><p>Disclosure to a subcontractor of a confidential price sheet handed over during a tender. The confidentiality clause, precise as to scope and duration, made it possible to obtain 88,000 euros in damages for breach of business secrecy and loss of a commercial opportunity.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-relire\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-relire\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Review before signature<\/p>\n<h2>Review before signature: <em>spotting what will be costly<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">Most disputes arise from clauses that seemed harmless at signature: an imprecise definition of the services, a reference to general terms never read, a jurisdiction clause that forces you to litigate 800 kilometres away, an interpretation clause that reverses the meaning of a paragraph (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041501\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1190 of the Civil Code<\/a>).<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\">Review before signature rarely takes more than a few hours. It avoids years of litigation. The firm offers a surgical review of the contract received, with annotations for the client, proposed rewrites of the sensitive clauses and a negotiation strategy for the points really worth discussing.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">How the firm supports you<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First discussion and characterisation of the contract<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Understanding the economic relationship, the signing timetable and the known friction points.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Clause-by-clause audit<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Spotting unusable clauses, hidden risks and points out of line with sector practice.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Tailored rewriting<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Production of the sensitive clauses with two or three variants depending on the negotiating margin available.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Managed negotiation<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Direct exchanges with the other party's lawyer or through the client, with the director's approval of each trade-off.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 5<\/p><h3>Signed version and archiving<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Fixing the final version, time-stamped retention of intermediate versions, contract management kit.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-reperes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-reperes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Key points<\/p>\n<h2>Useful figures <em>for drafting<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-stats\"><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">5 years<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">Limitation period for contractual actions. Article 2224 of the Civil Code.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">60 days<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">Maximum statutory payment period. Article L. 441-10 of the Commercial Code.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">5 M\u20ac<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">Civil fine for significant imbalance. Article L. 442-4 of the Commercial Code.<\/p><\/div><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">1170<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">Clause deemed unwritten if it empties the obligation of its substance. Article 1170 of the Civil Code.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The timeline of contract drafting<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Drafting follows a precise order. Skipping a step wastes time in negotiation and exposes the contract to avoidable challenges.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Scoping and collection<\/p><p>Letter of intent, term sheet, the other party's draft, existing template, email exchanges.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Clause-by-clause audit<\/p><p>Identification of unusable clauses, sensitive points and negotiating margins.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">First draft<\/p><p>Production of the contract or amendments, with variants depending on the other party's expected position.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Negotiation rounds<\/p><p>Managing the exchanges, trade-offs with the client, calibrating acceptable compromises.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Final review and signature<\/p><p>Checking consistency, cross-references and annexes, with the director's approval before signature.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Archiving and management kit<\/p><p>Time-stamped retention, deadline tracking sheet, calendar of reviews and notice periods.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Frequently asked questions about <em>commercial contract<\/em> drafting<\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What is the standard term of a commercial contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>French law imposes no set term for an ordinary commercial contract. Market practice varies by sector: an industrial supply contract often runs for three to five years, an exclusive distribution agreement for five to ten years, and a service contract for one renewable year. The choice depends on the initial investment, the economic dependence between the parties and commercial visibility. The firm calibrates the term by balancing the security of the relationship against flexibility of exit.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do you need a lawyer to draft a commercial contract, or is an online template enough?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An online template is rarely suited to the real economic situation. Generic templates ignore sector practice, do not calibrate price clauses, omit proportionate penalties and handle the exit carelessly. The cost of tailored drafting is justified by the disputes avoided: a case of sudden termination or an annulled penalty clause easily costs ten to fifty times the price of careful drafting.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which clauses are mandatory in a commercial contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No clause is universally mandatory beyond the essential elements of the contract (subject matter, price, parties). But certain statements are legally required depending on the contract: payment periods between businesses (Article L. 441-10 of the Commercial Code), general terms of sale between traders (Article L. 441-1), pre-contractual information in certain special contracts. The firm systematically checks compliance with the statements required by law.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What makes a penalty clause valid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A penalty clause must set a sum due on non-performance. It remains valid even if the penalty appears high, but the judge has a power of moderation if the amount is manifestly excessive or derisory (Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code). To withstand moderation, the penalty must be calibrated to the foreseeable harm, documented and reasonable. A massive lump-sum penalty with no economic justification will almost always be reduced by the judge.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What makes a non-compete clause valid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A post-contractual non-compete clause must be limited in time, in space and in the activity concerned, and proportionate to the legitimate interest to be protected (Cass. com., 17 September 2025, No. 24-14.883). If the signatory is an employee at the date of the undertaking, financial consideration is required. A clause that is too broad, nationwide without justification, or of excessive duration is annulled by the judge and releases the partner.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do you make a confidentiality clause enforceable?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Enforceability depends on the precision of the drafting. The clause must define the scope of the protected information, the duration of the obligation beyond the end of the contract, the exceptions (information already public, legal disclosure obligations) and the sanctions for breach. A vague clause (\"all information exchanged is confidential\") is only weakly enforceable and hard to uphold in court. Precision is what gives it value.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What are the limits of an exclusivity clause in a commercial contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An exclusivity clause remains lawful if it does not create a significant imbalance (Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code) or an abuse of economic dependence. A long exclusivity, with no consideration and no way out, may be annulled. The drafting takes care over territorial limits, commitment volumes, conditions for lifting the exclusivity and the consequences of a reciprocal breach.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is an MAC clause, and should it be included in a commercial contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The MAC (Material Adverse Change) clause allows the contract to be challenged or modified if a material adverse change affects one of the parties. Widely used in M&A, it is gaining ground in long-term contracts involving heavy investment. It requires a precise definition of the \"material change\" so as not to fall into the prohibited potestative clause (Article 1304-2 of the Civil Code). To be used sparingly and drafted rigorously.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must the contract provide for a notice period for termination?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not necessarily, but the absence of a clause exposes the relationship to characterisation as a sudden termination of an established commercial relationship (Article L. 442-1, II of the Commercial Code). Judges apply a reasonable notice period assessed by reference to the length of the relationship, economic dependence and the investments made. It is better to provide for the notice period in the contract with a specified duration than to leave the judge to fix it after the event.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should you check in a jurisdiction clause?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The clause must designate a court that is genuinely competent and accessible to both parties. Between traders, attributing jurisdiction to a commercial court in a city other than the defendant's is valid (Article 48 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The firm checks that no jurisdiction clause imposed by a dominant partner creates an imbalance, and may steer towards an arbitration clause if the confidentiality of the dispute is crucial.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can you protect yourself against a significant imbalance imposed by a major customer?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code penalises restrictive practices, including a significant imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties. A supplier may challenge a manifestly disproportionate clause and obtain its nullity, and even damages. The firm documents the negotiations and keeps evidence that the clause was imposed, which will be decisive before the judge or the Minister of the Economy.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How much does it cost to draft a commercial contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Fees vary according to complexity, the size of the contract and the need to negotiate. A simple review of a contract received is priced from 1,200 euros incl. VAT. Complete tailored drafting of a supply, distribution or service contract is generally between 2,500 and 6,000 euros incl. VAT. High-stakes contracts (M&A, joint venture, multi-territory distribution) require a higher budget, set individually.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long does it take to draft a commercial contract?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A surgical review delivered within forty-eight hours for a contract received urgently. Complete tailored drafting: five to ten business days depending on complexity. The negotiation phase with the other party generally adds two to four weeks. The firm manages the timetable with the client to avoid negotiating under pressure, which leads to unfavourable compromises.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens if a clause is held to be unwritten?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Article 1170 of the Civil Code deems unwritten any clause that deprives the debtor's essential obligation of its substance. The clause is treated as if it did not exist, but the contract survives. The practical risk is that the party who believed it was protected by that clause is left without protection. The drafting must therefore avoid clauses so unbalanced that they collapse at the first challenge.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Should you sign the contract even if some clauses are not negotiable?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It depends on the balance of power and the economic stakes. A contract with a major customer often imposes non-negotiable clauses. The firm identifies those that really expose the client to a major risk and those that remain acceptable. On the former, it proposes mirror clauses, compensating contractual limitations or a documented waiver. Signing blindly is never justified.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040746\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040746\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1103<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040750\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040750\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1104<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040861\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040861\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1112-1<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045745994\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000045745994\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;L. 441-10<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032010131\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1231-5<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041479\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1170<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623924\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623924\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;L. 442-3<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041484\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041484\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1171<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623906\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000042623906\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;L. 442-1, II<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040989\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032040989\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1226<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041501\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000032041501\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;1190<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Business law overview<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/commercial-contracts-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial contracts overview<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/terms-of-sale-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">General terms of sale, use and service<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/commercial-agent-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial agent contract<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Last updated on 1 May 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>Book a discussion about <em>your contract<\/em><\/h2>\n      <p>The firm replies personally, within twenty-four business hours.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the standard term of a commercial contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"French law imposes no set term for an ordinary commercial contract. Market practice varies by sector: an industrial supply contract often runs for three to five years, an exclusive distribution agreement for five to ten years, and a service contract for one renewable year. The choice depends on the initial investment, the economic dependence between the parties and commercial visibility. The firm calibrates the term by balancing the security of the relationship against flexibility of exit.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do you need a lawyer to draft a commercial contract, or is an online template enough?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An online template is rarely suited to the real economic situation. Generic templates ignore sector practice, do not calibrate price clauses, omit proportionate penalties and handle the exit carelessly. The cost of tailored drafting is justified by the disputes avoided: a case of sudden termination or an annulled penalty clause easily costs ten to fifty times the price of careful drafting.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which clauses are mandatory in a commercial contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No clause is universally mandatory beyond the essential elements of the contract (subject matter, price, parties). But certain statements are legally required depending on the contract: payment periods between businesses (Article L. 441-10 of the Commercial Code), general terms of sale between traders (Article L. 441-1), pre-contractual information in certain special contracts. The firm systematically checks compliance with the statements required by law.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What makes a penalty clause valid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A penalty clause must set a sum due on non-performance. It remains valid even if the penalty appears high, but the judge has a power of moderation if the amount is manifestly excessive or derisory (Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code). To withstand moderation, the penalty must be calibrated to the foreseeable harm, documented and reasonable. A massive lump-sum penalty with no economic justification will almost always be reduced by the judge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What makes a non-compete clause valid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A post-contractual non-compete clause must be limited in time, in space and in the activity concerned, and proportionate to the legitimate interest to be protected (Cass. com., 17 September 2025, No. 24-14.883). If the signatory is an employee at the date of the undertaking, financial consideration is required. A clause that is too broad, nationwide without justification, or of excessive duration is annulled by the judge and releases the partner.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do you make a confidentiality clause enforceable?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Enforceability depends on the precision of the drafting. The clause must define the scope of the protected information, the duration of the obligation beyond the end of the contract, the exceptions (information already public, legal disclosure obligations) and the sanctions for breach. A vague clause (\\\"all information exchanged is confidential\\\") is only weakly enforceable and hard to uphold in court. Precision is what gives it value.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What are the limits of an exclusivity clause in a commercial contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An exclusivity clause remains lawful if it does not create a significant imbalance (Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code) or an abuse of economic dependence. A long exclusivity, with no consideration and no way out, may be annulled. The drafting takes care over territorial limits, commitment volumes, conditions for lifting the exclusivity and the consequences of a reciprocal breach.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is an MAC clause, and should it be included in a commercial contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The MAC (Material Adverse Change) clause allows the contract to be challenged or modified if a material adverse change affects one of the parties. Widely used in M&A, it is gaining ground in long-term contracts involving heavy investment. It requires a precise definition of the \\\"material change\\\" so as not to fall into the prohibited potestative clause (Article 1304-2 of the Civil Code). To be used sparingly and drafted rigorously.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must the contract provide for a notice period for termination?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not necessarily, but the absence of a clause exposes the relationship to characterisation as a sudden termination of an established commercial relationship (Article L. 442-1, II of the Commercial Code). Judges apply a reasonable notice period assessed by reference to the length of the relationship, economic dependence and the investments made. It is better to provide for the notice period in the contract with a specified duration than to leave the judge to fix it after the event.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should you check in a jurisdiction clause?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The clause must designate a court that is genuinely competent and accessible to both parties. Between traders, attributing jurisdiction to a commercial court in a city other than the defendant's is valid (Article 48 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The firm checks that no jurisdiction clause imposed by a dominant partner creates an imbalance, and may steer towards an arbitration clause if the confidentiality of the dispute is crucial.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can you protect yourself against a significant imbalance imposed by a major customer?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article L. 442-1 of the Commercial Code penalises restrictive practices, including a significant imbalance in the rights and obligations of the parties. A supplier may challenge a manifestly disproportionate clause and obtain its nullity, and even damages. The firm documents the negotiations and keeps evidence that the clause was imposed, which will be decisive before the judge or the Minister of the Economy.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much does it cost to draft a commercial contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Fees vary according to complexity, the size of the contract and the need to negotiate. A simple review of a contract received is priced from 1,200 euros incl. VAT. Complete tailored drafting of a supply, distribution or service contract is generally between 2,500 and 6,000 euros incl. VAT. High-stakes contracts (M&A, joint venture, multi-territory distribution) require a higher budget, set individually.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long does it take to draft a commercial contract?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A surgical review delivered within forty-eight hours for a contract received urgently. Complete tailored drafting: five to ten business days depending on complexity. The negotiation phase with the other party generally adds two to four weeks. The firm manages the timetable with the client to avoid negotiating under pressure, which leads to unfavourable compromises.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens if a clause is held to be unwritten?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 1170 of the Civil Code deems unwritten any clause that deprives the debtor's essential obligation of its substance. The clause is treated as if it did not exist, but the contract survives. The practical risk is that the party who believed it was protected by that clause is left without protection. The drafting must therefore avoid clauses so unbalanced that they collapse at the first challenge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Should you sign the contract even if some clauses are not negotiable?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It depends on the balance of power and the economic stakes. A contract with a major customer often imposes non-negotiable clauses. The firm identifies those that really expose the client to a major risk and those that remain acceptable. On the former, it proposes mirror clauses, compensating contractual limitations or a documented waiver. Signing blindly is never justified.\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-wschema17801 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"wschema17801\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- 2026-05-01-affaires-17801 -->\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@graph\": [{\"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"@id\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/#legalservice-contrats-redaction\", \"name\": \"Kohen Avocats - Commercial contract drafting\", \"description\": \"Lawyer in Paris for the drafting, negotiation and review of commercial contracts: clause-by-clause audit, calibration of sensitive clauses (price, penalties, non-compete, confidentiality, termination), managed negotiation and review before signature.\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/contract-drafting-lawyer\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"image\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/avocat-kohen-web-2-1.webp\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": [{\"@type\": \"Place\", \"name\": \"Paris\"}, {\"@type\": \"Place\", \"name\": \"\u00cele-de-France\"}, {\"@type\": \"Place\", \"name\": \"France\"}], \"priceRange\": \"\u20ac\u20ac\", \"founder\": {\"@id\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/#person-reda-kohen\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Service\", \"@id\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/#service-redaction-contrats-commerciaux\", \"name\": \"Contract drafting lawyer in Paris\", \"serviceType\": \"Drafting and negotiation of commercial contracts, clause-by-clause audit, review before signature, calibration of sensitive clauses\", \"provider\": {\"@id\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/#person-reda-kohen\"}, \"areaServed\": [{\"@type\": \"Place\", \"name\": \"Paris\"}, {\"@type\": \"Place\", \"name\": \"\u00cele-de-France\"}, {\"@type\": \"Place\", \"name\": \"France\"}], \"audience\": {\"@type\": \"BusinessAudience\", \"audienceType\": \"Company directors, finance directors (DAF), in-house counsel of SMEs\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"@id\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/#person-reda-kohen\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"image\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/avocat-kohen-web-2-1.webp\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\", \"worksFor\": {\"@id\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/#legalservice-contrats-redaction\"}, \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"], \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}}]}<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tailored drafting \u2014 clause-by-clause audit Contract drafting lawyer in Paris: clauses, risks and negotiation. Drafting a commercial contract is not filling in a template. It means anticipating the real risk in the relationship: prices that drift, deadlines that slip, a badly organised exit, clauses that will collapse in front of a judge. As a contract [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1642220,"parent":1773772,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161104","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Contract Drafting Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Contract drafting lawyer in Paris: clause-by-clause audit, negotiation and review before signature, so your contract holds up in a dispute. 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