{"id":2161073,"date":"2025-11-14T00:30:33","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T23:30:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161073"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:57:42","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:57:42","slug":"property-auction-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/property-auction-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Property auction lawyer in Paris: adjudication, seizure and overbid"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161073\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161073 elementor-1749855\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v51aba2 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v51aba2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v51aba2w elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v51aba2w\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-1749855-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Auction sale \u2014 real property seizure and adjudication<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Property auction lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> adjudication, seizure and overbid.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Auction room, ninety-second candles, bids placed only by lawyers: a forced sale follows a timetable that tolerates no postponement. As a property auction lawyer in Paris, the firm assists seized debtors, bidders, successful bidders and creditors before the Paris enforcement judge (juge de l'ex\u00e9cution).<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\"><strong>Adjudication hearing in under fifteen days, or ten-day overbid period already running?<\/strong> Every day counts: send the formal demand, the conditions of sale and the statement of account immediately.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749855-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749855-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749855-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749855-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Property auctions \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Seized debtor, bidder, successful bidder or overbidder: the procedural timetable often decides the outcome of the case. Send the formal demand, the conditions of sale and the statement of account: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les 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La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The procedure<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>property auction lawyer<\/em> does in Paris<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 real estate law and civil enforcement procedures.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">A real property seizure begins with a formal demand to pay operating as a seizure order (with the particulars required, on pain of nullity, by Article R. 321-3 of the French Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures, or CPCE), is decided at the orientation hearing \u2014 concentration of grounds, with an amicable sale possible within four months, extendable by three \u2014 and ends with adjudication. The successful bidder must deposit the price within two months, failing which the sale is re-run on a failed-bid basis (folle ench\u00e8re). The 10% overbid is made through a lawyer within ten days. Every time limit is a strict forfeiture period.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Auctions reserved to lawyers<\/h3><p>Only lawyers registered with a bar may place bids, with a certificate of prior deposit \u2014 an irrevocable bank guarantee or a bank cheque for 10% of the reserve price (Article R. 322-41 CPCE).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The ten per cent overbid<\/h3><p>Within ten days of adjudication, by a lawyer's deed filed at the court registry with a bank guarantee: the price rises by 10% and a new hearing is held. On the eleventh day, it is inadmissible.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Concentration of grounds<\/h3><p>Challenges must be made before the orientation hearing; afterwards, they are admissible only for later procedural acts or circumstances. A debtor who lets the orientation hearing pass loses their grounds.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The procedure<\/p>\n<h2>A mechanism of strict time limits, from the formal demand <em>to adjudication<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure a forced sale of real property.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>The formal demand to pay operating as a seizure order must contain, on pain of nullity, the particulars required by Article R. 321-3 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures: enforceable title, detailed statement of account, rate of default interest, cadastral description.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The orientation hearing concentrates the grounds<\/strong>: later challenges are admissible only for subsequent procedural acts or circumstances arising after the hearing (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca883ad70db9798b94941e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 6 September 2018, No. 16-26.059<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The ten per cent overbid is made by a lawyer's deed filed at the court registry within ten days of adjudication, with a bank guarantee certificate (Article R. 322-51 CPCE) \u2014 a strict time limit with no scope for regularisation.<\/li>\n  <li>Where the price is not deposited and the costs are not paid, the sale is terminated by operation of law (Article L. 322-12); however, termination can be recorded only if there is still no deposit on the date the judge rules (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca32289c3644b39432cd99\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 2e civ., 1 October 2020, No. 19-12.830<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>For the seized debtor, an amicable sale authorised by the enforcement judge \u2014 four months, extendable by three \u2014 makes it possible to sell the property on better terms than at adjudication. For the bidder, reading the conditions of sale in full (Article R. 322-10) is an absolute prerequisite: charges, occupancy, mortgage status.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send according to <em>your role<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each role has its decisive documents, and every time limit is strict.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Seized debtor<\/p><ul><li>Formal demand to pay operating as a seizure order and enforceable title<\/li><li>Creditor's latest statement of account<\/li><li>Mortgage status certificate<\/li><li>Orientation judgment, if one has been given<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Bidder or successful bidder<\/p><ul><li>Conditions of sale and orientation judgment<\/li><li>Bank guarantee certificate or bank cheque<\/li><li>Mandate to the bidding lawyer<\/li><li>Financing plan including preliminary costs and duties<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: letting the orientation hearing pass without a challenge; underestimating the preliminary costs and the deposit due within two months; filing the overbid on the eleventh day.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also assists:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Overbidder<\/li><li>Registered creditor and declaration of claim<\/li><li>Debtor's guarantor<\/li><li>Seized property holding company<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The real property seizure timetable tolerates no postponement: everything must be prepared in advance.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First exchange and sending the file<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Call or email, then send the formal demand, the conditions of sale and the latest statement of account. First legal review within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Audit of the timetable and the documents<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Mandatory particulars, computation of time limits, grounds of nullity, calculation of the total budget and of the guarantee to be set aside.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Orientation or adjudication hearing<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Submissions before the enforcement judge, oral argument, challenge to the formal demand, application for an amicable sale or territorial representation (postulation) at the auction, depending on the mandate.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Post-adjudication follow-up<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Deposit and publication of the judgment, declaration of overbid or re-run of the sale on failed bid, coordination with the court commissioner (commissaire de justice) and the land registry.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>For the bidder, the firm calculates the real total price: reserve price, taxed preliminary costs, registration duties, fees \u2014 before the bidding limit is set.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline of a <em>real property seizure<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The typical stages up to adjudication and afterwards.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Formal demand<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> Service of the formal demand operating as a seizure order, publication at the land registry within two months.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Writ of summons<\/p><p><strong>Day 30 to day 60.<\/strong> Summons to the orientation hearing before the enforcement judge, notification to registered creditors, filing of the conditions of sale.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Orientation<\/p><p><strong>Day 90 to day 150.<\/strong> Concentration of grounds: challenges decided, claim fixed, amicable sale authorised or forced sale ordered.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Adjudication<\/p><p><strong>Day 180 to day 270.<\/strong> Bidding in the auction room, adjudication to the highest bidder after the last ninety-second candle.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Overbid<\/p><p><strong>Day 10 after.<\/strong> Declaration of the ten per cent overbid by a lawyer's deed at the court registry, notified to the parties within three days.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Deposit of the price<\/p><p><strong>2 months after.<\/strong> Payment of the price and costs by the successful bidder; failing that, interest by operation of law, then re-run of the sale on failed bid.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No step is taken before these points have been checked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Regularity of the formal demand: particulars required by Article R. 321-3, service, publication, starting point of the time limits.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Conditions of sale: cadastral description, reserve price, charges, rental situation, mortgage status.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Claim: ascertained in amount and due, itemised statement of account, interest rate.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Bidder's budget: real total price, guarantee of 10% of the reserve price, deposit due within two months.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Computation of strict time limits: orientation, ten-day overbid, notification within three days.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Whether an amicable sale suits the debtor: mandate, preliminary sale agreement, four-month timetable, extendable.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly calibrate the priority and the procedural tool.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Formal demand to pay received<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Served instrument, enforceable title, state of the debt.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before the orientation hearing.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Audit of the formal demand, submissions challenging it, application for an amicable sale.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Orientation hearing imminent<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Conditions of sale, orientation judgment, statement of account.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> At least 15 days before the hearing.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Concentration of grounds, challenge to the formal demand, application for time to pay.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Amicable sale authorised<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Sale mandate, draft preliminary sale agreement, buyer.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 4 months, extendable by 3 months.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Monitoring the timetable, presenting the preliminary sale agreement, paying the taxed preliminary costs.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Adjudication has taken place<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Adjudication judgment, statement of costs.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 2 months to deposit the price.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Deposit with the Caisse des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts, payment of costs, publication of the judgment.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Overbid under consideration<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Bank guarantee, mandate, identity of the parties.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 10 days following adjudication.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Declaration by a lawyer's deed at the court registry, notified to the parties within 3 days.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Defaulting successful bidder<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Formal notice to pay within 8 days.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> After the 2-month period has expired.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Re-run of the auction, procedure under Article L. 322-12 CPCE, liability for the difference.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for discretion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The examples below, which are anonymised, illustrate the variety of cases handled. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Ten per cent overbid: price raised from \u20ac285,000 to \u20ac313,500<\/h3><p>A Paris flat adjudicated at \u20ac285,000 to an investor. The seized debtor, advised by the firm, had a declaration of overbid filed by a lawyer's deed on the eighth day, accompanied by a bank guarantee. At the new hearing, a third party raised the bid to \u20ac313,500, that is, the reserve price as increased by the overbid. The debtor was unable to recover the property, but the surplus made it possible to clear the entire debt.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: strategic overbid. Result: price +10%, debt paid in full.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Proceedings set aside for defective service<\/h3><p>Proceedings brought against a family property holding company (SCI). Audit of the formal demand at the orientation hearing: irregular service at the registered office, incorrect statement of account, omission of the rate of default interest. Targeted submissions and oral argument led to the nullity of the formal demand. The creditor must start the procedure again, which postpones adjudication by several months and opens a window for negotiation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: plea of nullity. Result: annulment and additional time for the SCI.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Failed bid: resale with the difference payable<\/h3><p>An investor became the successful bidder for a Paris commercial unit at \u20ac410,000 without checking their real ability to finance it. When the two-month period expired, they had not deposited the price. The creditor began a re-run of the auction, summoning the defaulting bidder. The property was resold at \u20ac365,000. The defaulting bidder (fol ench\u00e9risseur) was ordered to bear the difference of \u20ac45,000 plus costs.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: re-run under Article L. 322-12. Result: \u20ac45,000 payable by the defaulting bidder.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>property auctions<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>How does an adjudication hearing take place in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The adjudication hearing is held before the enforcement judge of the Paris judicial court, in the auction room. The judge first checks that the preliminary formalities have been properly completed: publication of the formal demand to pay operating as a seizure order, posting of notices, and insertions in newspapers carrying legal notices. The lawyer acting for the creditor reads out the description of the property and restates the reserve price set by the orientation judgment. Bids are then placed to the rhythm of ninety-second candles: as long as a new bid is placed within the allotted time, a new candle is lit. The property is adjudicated to the highest bidder once the last candle has burnt out without a further bid. The adjudication judgment is delivered on the bench and constitutes the new buyer's title to the property, subject to payment of the price within the statutory period of two months. Anyone may attend the hearing, but only lawyers registered with a bar may bid.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who can bid at a property auction?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Any natural or legal person with capacity to contract may bid, with the exception of the seized debtor (who cannot bid on their own property), the judges of the court and their relatives. In practice, bids must be placed by a lawyer registered with a bar, who acts on behalf of their principal. A bidder therefore cannot attend the hearing alone: they must instruct a lawyer, give them an express mandate, and hand over an irrevocable bank guarantee or a bank cheque equal to 10% of the reserve price. Before placing bids, the lawyer must obtain this guarantee from their principal against a receipt (Article R. 322-41 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures). The principal's identity is revealed only when the last accepted bid is made, by producing an identity document or a Kbis extract depending on the nature of the bidder.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do you need a lawyer to bid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, it is an absolute requirement. Article R. 322-40 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures provides that bids are placed through a lawyer registered with the bar of the judicial court before which the sale is pursued. In Paris, the lawyer must be registered with the Paris Bar or have appointed a local representative. This requirement safeguards the regularity of the procedure and secures payment: the lawyer obtains the necessary financial guarantee from their principal against a receipt. The mandate must be express and precise: name of the principal, description of the property, ceiling of the authorised bid. The lawyer acts as representative and binds the principal. At the end of the hearing, the lawyer draws up the adjudication slip and assists the client with depositing the price and paying the preliminary costs.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the ten per cent overbid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The ten per cent overbid is the mechanism that allows any interested person to increase the adjudication price by 10%, thereby triggering a new auction hearing. It is governed by Article R. 322-51 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures. On pain of inadmissibility, the declaration must be made by a lawyer's deed, filed at the registry of the enforcement judge within ten days of adjudication, and accompanied by a certificate from the lawyer confirming that they hold an irrevocable bank guarantee or a bank cheque equal to one tenth of the principal price of the sale. The declaration must be notified to the successful bidder, the creditor bringing the proceedings, the seized debtor and the registered creditors within three days. The validity of the overbid may be challenged within fifteen days of that notification. If the declaration is in order, a new hearing is set, at which the property is put up for sale again on the basis of the increased reserve price. An overbid cannot be withdrawn.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the seized debtor defend their property?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, but the timetable is strict. The seized debtor must concentrate their grounds at the orientation hearing. Article R. 311-5 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures provides that no challenge or incidental application may be made after the orientation hearing, on pain of inadmissibility raised by the court of its own motion, unless it concerns procedural acts subsequent to that hearing. The Court of Cassation applies this rule rigorously. At the orientation hearing, the debtor may challenge the regularity of the formal demand, whether the claim is ascertained in amount and due, the valuation of the property, the reserve price and the terms of the conditions of sale. The debtor may also apply for authorisation to carry out an amicable sale, which must take place within a maximum of four months, extendable by three months. Once the orientation hearing has passed, room for manoeuvre narrows considerably: only subsequent acts and new circumstances capable of preventing the seizure from continuing remain open to challenge. Instructing a lawyer as soon as the formal demand is served is therefore crucial.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do you read the conditions of sale?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The conditions of sale are the reference document for the auction sale. They contain several sections to be examined carefully. First, the origin of title and the cadastral description, which identify the property precisely. Second, the reserve price set by the orientation judgment, from which bidding will start. Third, the charges and special conditions: easements, co-ownership, occupation by a tenant or an occupant paying no rent, works to be carried out, the actual rental situation. Fourth, the mortgage status certificate, which reveals the registrations encumbering the property. Fifth, the valuation drawn up by an expert. Several classic pitfalls call for vigilance: an adjudicated property remains subject to its charges, it may be occupied without title by occupants who are difficult to evict, and it may have defects that are not visible on a simple reading. The firm recommends that every serious bidder visit the premises on the organised viewing day and have the conditions of sale analysed by a lawyer before the hearing.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What adjudication costs should you expect?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The successful bidder pays more than the adjudication price. Several categories of costs must be anticipated. First, the taxed preliminary costs, which cover the acts of the court commissioner (commissaire de justice), publications and the steps taken by the creditor bringing the proceedings. These costs are taxed by the judge at the adjudication hearing and paid on top of the price. Second, registration duties and property taxes (5.80% on average, depending on the d\u00e9partement), payable within the statutory period after adjudication. Third, the fees of the bidding lawyer, which are freely negotiated. Fourth, any overbid costs if the sale is re-opened. A serious bidder generally budgets 8 to 12% in costs on top of the adjudication price. For a property adjudicated at \u20ac300,000, a total budget of around \u20ac325,000 to \u20ac335,000 should therefore be planned, to be deposited or paid within the two-month period provided for by Article R. 322-56 CPCE. Poor planning exposes the bidder to a failed bid (folle ench\u00e8re) and its heavy financial consequences.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What happens if the successful bidder defaults?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A successful bidder who does not deposit the price within the two-month period provided for by Article R. 322-56 CPCE becomes a defaulting bidder (fol ench\u00e9risseur). The procedure for re-running the auction, provided for by Article L. 322-12 CPCE, may then be started. The creditor bringing the proceedings first sends a formal notice to pay within eight days. If the successful bidder does not comply, the creditor applies again to the enforcement judge to set a new auction hearing. The defaulting bidder must be summoned to that hearing: the Court of Cassation has held that the defaulting successful bidder, who owns the property for as long as the termination of the sale has not been recorded, must be summoned to the adjudication hearing on the re-run of the auction, to which they are a party (Cass. 2e civ., 9 June 2022, No. 20-21.352, Bull.). If the property is resold at a lower price, the defaulting bidder bears the difference between their initial bid and the resale price, and cannot claim any refund of sums already paid in respect of costs.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the price be negotiated after adjudication?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. The adjudication judgment fixes the price: no after-the-event negotiation is possible with the creditor bringing the proceedings or the seized debtor. Adjudication is firm and final, subject to payment of the price and costs. The only openings are the ten per cent overbid by a third party (which raises the price by 10% but never lowers it) or termination of the sale if the successful bidder defaults (which leads to a new sale, not a renegotiation). This rigidity justifies careful preparation in advance: a prior viewing, an audit of the conditions of sale, calculation of the total budget including costs, and a bidding ceiling set in writing with the lawyer. A bidder who gets carried away at the hearing and exceeds their ceiling has no way of going back, other than becoming a defaulting bidder themselves, which has heavy financial consequences. Budgetary discipline is therefore essential.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the difference between an amicable sale and a forced sale?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An amicable sale is the option offered by the enforcement judge to the seized debtor at the orientation hearing. If the debtor applies for it and shows a serious prospect of selling to a buyer of their choice, the judge may authorise an amicable sale, which must take place within a maximum of four months, extendable once by three months. The debtor keeps control of the sale: they negotiate the price, choose the buyer and sign the preliminary sale agreement, which the judge then approves. A forced sale by adjudication is the classic route: the property is put up for public auction in the auction room, with the debtor having no say on the identity of the buyer or the final price. An amicable sale has several advantages: a price that is often higher (the open market being more dynamic than an auction), no auction-room costs, and the possibility of negotiating the terms with the buyer. It does, however, require the debtor's cooperation, their ability to put forward a solvent buyer, and compliance with the strict timetable set by the judge.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does the reserve price work?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The reserve price is the amount from which bidding starts. It is set by the orientation judgment, on the proposal of the creditor bringing the proceedings and after hearing the seized debtor. The creditor sets it freely, but it is not in its interest to set it too low: if no bidder comes forward, the property is adjudicated to the creditor automatically at the amount of the reserve price. The reserve price is generally set between 50% and 80% of the expert valuation of the property, depending on market conditions and the level of the debt. The seized debtor may challenge the reserve price at the orientation hearing: they may argue that it is manifestly insufficient in view of the property's real value, which would expose the property to a sale at a knock-down price. The judge decides on the basis of the valuation and the arguments put forward. At the adjudication hearing, bidding builds up from the reserve price in increments chosen at will by the lawyers, until bidding stops and the property is adjudicated to the highest bidder.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the time limit for challenging an auction sale?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The time limits are strict and vary according to what is being challenged. To challenge the formal demand to pay, the regularity of the procedure or the valuation of the property, the seized debtor must act before the orientation hearing, on pain of time bar. Once the orientation hearing has passed, Article R. 311-5 CPCE makes new challenges inadmissible, unless they concern later acts or new circumstances capable of preventing the seizure from continuing. To challenge the validity of a declaration of overbid, the time limit is fifteen days from notification to the parties. To challenge the adjudication judgment, an appeal is available only in strictly listed cases and within a short time limit. An appeal to the Court of Cassation remains open in cases of excess of power, as in the case law of Cass. 2e civ., 9 June 2022, No. 20-21.352 (Bull.), which penalises the failure to summon the defaulting successful bidder to the re-run hearing. The golden rule: act quickly, ideally before the orientation hearing, where everything is decided.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the creditor make an overbid themselves?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, the creditor bringing the proceedings or any registered creditor may make an overbid, on the same conditions as any other interested person: a declaration by a lawyer's deed within ten days of adjudication, accompanied by a bank guarantee certificate. This strategy is used when the property has been adjudicated at a price the creditors consider insufficient to cover their claim. The overbid then requires a new auction hearing with a reserve price increased by 10%. If no third party comes forward at a higher price at that new hearing, the overbidding creditor becomes the successful bidder at the amount of the increased reserve price. They must then deposit the price and pay the costs like any successful bidder, on pain of becoming a defaulting bidder. This operation has a cost and is not without risk: the creditor takes the property at a price that may prove higher than its real value. It is justified above all where the creditor believes it can resell the property quickly at a better price, or has strategic plans for the building. The firm advises creditors on whether this strategy is appropriate, case by case.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does an overbid hearing take place?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The overbid hearing follows the same procedure as the initial adjudication hearing. It is set by the court registry following a regular declaration of overbid. All interested parties are notified: the initial successful bidder, the creditor bringing the proceedings, the seized debtor, the registered creditors and the overbidder. The reserve price is now the initial adjudication price increased by 10%. At this hearing, anyone may bid through a lawyer, including the initial successful bidder who was displaced by the overbid and may try to recover the property. If a bid higher than the new reserve price is placed, the property is adjudicated to the highest bidder. If no bid is placed above the new reserve price, the property is adjudicated to the overbidder at the amount of the increased reserve price. The overbidder then becomes the successful bidder and must deposit the price within two months. An overbid is therefore a binding act: the overbidder is bound and must complete the purchase if no third party places a higher bid.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How much does it cost to be assisted by a lawyer?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The firm adapts its proposal to the nature and complexity of the case. For a seized debtor wishing to prepare for the orientation hearing, the assistance covers an audit of the formal demand, a reading of the conditions of sale, drafting of the submissions challenging the seizure, oral argument at the hearing, and post-orientation follow-up. For a bidder or prospective successful bidder, the assistance covers an audit of the conditions of sale, calculation of the total budget, bidding strategy, territorial representation (postulation) at the adjudication hearing, the declaration of overbid, or the steps for deposit and publication. For an overbidder, the assistance includes drafting the declaration of overbid, notifying the parties within three days, and territorial representation at the overbid hearing. Fees are set at the start of the engagement after analysis of the case. The firm favours transparency and predictability: a detailed quote is provided from the first appointment. For a first analysis of conditions of sale that does not commit you to further instructions, you can count on a quick consultation at a fixed fee.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/code\/LEGITEXT000025024948\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/code\/LEGITEXT000025024948\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">real property seizure, Articles L. 311-1 et seq., R. 321-1 et seq.<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">general rules of procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/compromis-de-vente-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Preliminary sale agreement<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/property-sale-litigation-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Property sale litigation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/debt-recovery-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial debt recovery<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/distressed-business-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Companies in difficulty<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice group<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 11 June 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A property auction coming up? <em>Act today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Seized debtor, bidder, successful bidder or overbidder: the procedural timetable often decides the outcome of the case. Send the formal demand, the conditions of sale and the statement of account: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does an adjudication hearing take place in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The adjudication hearing is held before the enforcement judge of the Paris judicial court, in the auction room. The judge first checks that the preliminary formalities have been properly completed: publication of the formal demand to pay operating as a seizure order, posting of notices, and insertions in newspapers carrying legal notices. The lawyer acting for the creditor reads out the description of the property and restates the reserve price set by the orientation judgment. Bids are then placed to the rhythm of ninety-second candles: as long as a new bid is placed within the allotted time, a new candle is lit. The property is adjudicated to the highest bidder once the last candle has burnt out without a further bid. The adjudication judgment is delivered on the bench and constitutes the new buyer's title to the property, subject to payment of the price within the statutory period of two months. Anyone may attend the hearing, but only lawyers registered with a bar may bid.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who can bid at a property auction?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Any natural or legal person with capacity to contract may bid, with the exception of the seized debtor (who cannot bid on their own property), the judges of the court and their relatives. In practice, bids must be placed by a lawyer registered with a bar, who acts on behalf of their principal. A bidder therefore cannot attend the hearing alone: they must instruct a lawyer, give them an express mandate, and hand over an irrevocable bank guarantee or a bank cheque equal to 10% of the reserve price. Before placing bids, the lawyer must obtain this guarantee from their principal against a receipt (Article R. 322-41 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures). The principal's identity is revealed only when the last accepted bid is made, by producing an identity document or a Kbis extract depending on the nature of the bidder.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do you need a lawyer to bid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, it is an absolute requirement. Article R. 322-40 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures provides that bids are placed through a lawyer registered with the bar of the judicial court before which the sale is pursued. In Paris, the lawyer must be registered with the Paris Bar or have appointed a local representative. This requirement safeguards the regularity of the procedure and secures payment: the lawyer obtains the necessary financial guarantee from their principal against a receipt. The mandate must be express and precise: name of the principal, description of the property, ceiling of the authorised bid. The lawyer acts as representative and binds the principal. At the end of the hearing, the lawyer draws up the adjudication slip and assists the client with depositing the price and paying the preliminary costs.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the ten per cent overbid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ten per cent overbid is the mechanism that allows any interested person to increase the adjudication price by 10%, thereby triggering a new auction hearing. It is governed by Article R. 322-51 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures. On pain of inadmissibility, the declaration must be made by a lawyer's deed, filed at the registry of the enforcement judge within ten days of adjudication, and accompanied by a certificate from the lawyer confirming that they hold an irrevocable bank guarantee or a bank cheque equal to one tenth of the principal price of the sale. The declaration must be notified to the successful bidder, the creditor bringing the proceedings, the seized debtor and the registered creditors within three days. The validity of the overbid may be challenged within fifteen days of that notification. If the declaration is in order, a new hearing is set, at which the property is put up for sale again on the basis of the increased reserve price. An overbid cannot be withdrawn.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the seized debtor defend their property?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, but the timetable is strict. The seized debtor must concentrate their grounds at the orientation hearing. Article R. 311-5 of the Code of Civil Enforcement Procedures provides that no challenge or incidental application may be made after the orientation hearing, on pain of inadmissibility raised by the court of its own motion, unless it concerns procedural acts subsequent to that hearing. The Court of Cassation applies this rule rigorously. At the orientation hearing, the debtor may challenge the regularity of the formal demand, whether the claim is ascertained in amount and due, the valuation of the property, the reserve price and the terms of the conditions of sale. The debtor may also apply for authorisation to carry out an amicable sale, which must take place within a maximum of four months, extendable by three months. Once the orientation hearing has passed, room for manoeuvre narrows considerably: only subsequent acts and new circumstances capable of preventing the seizure from continuing remain open to challenge. Instructing a lawyer as soon as the formal demand is served is therefore crucial.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do you read the conditions of sale?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The conditions of sale are the reference document for the auction sale. They contain several sections to be examined carefully. First, the origin of title and the cadastral description, which identify the property precisely. Second, the reserve price set by the orientation judgment, from which bidding will start. Third, the charges and special conditions: easements, co-ownership, occupation by a tenant or an occupant paying no rent, works to be carried out, the actual rental situation. Fourth, the mortgage status certificate, which reveals the registrations encumbering the property. Fifth, the valuation drawn up by an expert. Several classic pitfalls call for vigilance: an adjudicated property remains subject to its charges, it may be occupied without title by occupants who are difficult to evict, and it may have defects that are not visible on a simple reading. The firm recommends that every serious bidder visit the premises on the organised viewing day and have the conditions of sale analysed by a lawyer before the hearing.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What adjudication costs should you expect?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The successful bidder pays more than the adjudication price. Several categories of costs must be anticipated. First, the taxed preliminary costs, which cover the acts of the court commissioner (commissaire de justice), publications and the steps taken by the creditor bringing the proceedings. These costs are taxed by the judge at the adjudication hearing and paid on top of the price. Second, registration duties and property taxes (5.80% on average, depending on the d\u00e9partement), payable within the statutory period after adjudication. Third, the fees of the bidding lawyer, which are freely negotiated. Fourth, any overbid costs if the sale is re-opened. A serious bidder generally budgets 8 to 12% in costs on top of the adjudication price. For a property adjudicated at \u20ac300,000, a total budget of around \u20ac325,000 to \u20ac335,000 should therefore be planned, to be deposited or paid within the two-month period provided for by Article R. 322-56 CPCE. Poor planning exposes the bidder to a failed bid (folle ench\u00e8re) and its heavy financial consequences.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What happens if the successful bidder defaults?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A successful bidder who does not deposit the price within the two-month period provided for by Article R. 322-56 CPCE becomes a defaulting bidder (fol ench\u00e9risseur). The procedure for re-running the auction, provided for by Article L. 322-12 CPCE, may then be started. The creditor bringing the proceedings first sends a formal notice to pay within eight days. If the successful bidder does not comply, the creditor applies again to the enforcement judge to set a new auction hearing. The defaulting bidder must be summoned to that hearing: the Court of Cassation has held that the defaulting successful bidder, who owns the property for as long as the termination of the sale has not been recorded, must be summoned to the adjudication hearing on the re-run of the auction, to which they are a party (Cass. 2e civ., 9 June 2022, No. 20-21.352, Bull.). If the property is resold at a lower price, the defaulting bidder bears the difference between their initial bid and the resale price, and cannot claim any refund of sums already paid in respect of costs.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the price be negotiated after adjudication?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The adjudication judgment fixes the price: no after-the-event negotiation is possible with the creditor bringing the proceedings or the seized debtor. Adjudication is firm and final, subject to payment of the price and costs. The only openings are the ten per cent overbid by a third party (which raises the price by 10% but never lowers it) or termination of the sale if the successful bidder defaults (which leads to a new sale, not a renegotiation). This rigidity justifies careful preparation in advance: a prior viewing, an audit of the conditions of sale, calculation of the total budget including costs, and a bidding ceiling set in writing with the lawyer. A bidder who gets carried away at the hearing and exceeds their ceiling has no way of going back, other than becoming a defaulting bidder themselves, which has heavy financial consequences. Budgetary discipline is therefore essential.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the difference between an amicable sale and a forced sale?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An amicable sale is the option offered by the enforcement judge to the seized debtor at the orientation hearing. If the debtor applies for it and shows a serious prospect of selling to a buyer of their choice, the judge may authorise an amicable sale, which must take place within a maximum of four months, extendable once by three months. The debtor keeps control of the sale: they negotiate the price, choose the buyer and sign the preliminary sale agreement, which the judge then approves. A forced sale by adjudication is the classic route: the property is put up for public auction in the auction room, with the debtor having no say on the identity of the buyer or the final price. An amicable sale has several advantages: a price that is often higher (the open market being more dynamic than an auction), no auction-room costs, and the possibility of negotiating the terms with the buyer. It does, however, require the debtor's cooperation, their ability to put forward a solvent buyer, and compliance with the strict timetable set by the judge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does the reserve price work?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The reserve price is the amount from which bidding starts. It is set by the orientation judgment, on the proposal of the creditor bringing the proceedings and after hearing the seized debtor. The creditor sets it freely, but it is not in its interest to set it too low: if no bidder comes forward, the property is adjudicated to the creditor automatically at the amount of the reserve price. The reserve price is generally set between 50% and 80% of the expert valuation of the property, depending on market conditions and the level of the debt. The seized debtor may challenge the reserve price at the orientation hearing: they may argue that it is manifestly insufficient in view of the property's real value, which would expose the property to a sale at a knock-down price. The judge decides on the basis of the valuation and the arguments put forward. At the adjudication hearing, bidding builds up from the reserve price in increments chosen at will by the lawyers, until bidding stops and the property is adjudicated to the highest bidder.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the time limit for challenging an auction sale?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The time limits are strict and vary according to what is being challenged. To challenge the formal demand to pay, the regularity of the procedure or the valuation of the property, the seized debtor must act before the orientation hearing, on pain of time bar. Once the orientation hearing has passed, Article R. 311-5 CPCE makes new challenges inadmissible, unless they concern later acts or new circumstances capable of preventing the seizure from continuing. To challenge the validity of a declaration of overbid, the time limit is fifteen days from notification to the parties. To challenge the adjudication judgment, an appeal is available only in strictly listed cases and within a short time limit. An appeal to the Court of Cassation remains open in cases of excess of power, as in the case law of Cass. 2e civ., 9 June 2022, No. 20-21.352 (Bull.), which penalises the failure to summon the defaulting successful bidder to the re-run hearing. The golden rule: act quickly, ideally before the orientation hearing, where everything is decided.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the creditor make an overbid themselves?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, the creditor bringing the proceedings or any registered creditor may make an overbid, on the same conditions as any other interested person: a declaration by a lawyer's deed within ten days of adjudication, accompanied by a bank guarantee certificate. This strategy is used when the property has been adjudicated at a price the creditors consider insufficient to cover their claim. The overbid then requires a new auction hearing with a reserve price increased by 10%. If no third party comes forward at a higher price at that new hearing, the overbidding creditor becomes the successful bidder at the amount of the increased reserve price. They must then deposit the price and pay the costs like any successful bidder, on pain of becoming a defaulting bidder. This operation has a cost and is not without risk: the creditor takes the property at a price that may prove higher than its real value. It is justified above all where the creditor believes it can resell the property quickly at a better price, or has strategic plans for the building. The firm advises creditors on whether this strategy is appropriate, case by case.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does an overbid hearing take place?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The overbid hearing follows the same procedure as the initial adjudication hearing. It is set by the court registry following a regular declaration of overbid. All interested parties are notified: the initial successful bidder, the creditor bringing the proceedings, the seized debtor, the registered creditors and the overbidder. The reserve price is now the initial adjudication price increased by 10%. At this hearing, anyone may bid through a lawyer, including the initial successful bidder who was displaced by the overbid and may try to recover the property. If a bid higher than the new reserve price is placed, the property is adjudicated to the highest bidder. If no bid is placed above the new reserve price, the property is adjudicated to the overbidder at the amount of the increased reserve price. The overbidder then becomes the successful bidder and must deposit the price within two months. An overbid is therefore a binding act: the overbidder is bound and must complete the purchase if no third party places a higher bid.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much does it cost to be assisted by a lawyer?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The firm adapts its proposal to the nature and complexity of the case. For a seized debtor wishing to prepare for the orientation hearing, the assistance covers an audit of the formal demand, a reading of the conditions of sale, drafting of the submissions challenging the seizure, oral argument at the hearing, and post-orientation follow-up. For a bidder or prospective successful bidder, the assistance covers an audit of the conditions of sale, calculation of the total budget, bidding strategy, territorial representation (postulation) at the adjudication hearing, the declaration of overbid, or the steps for deposit and publication. For an overbidder, the assistance includes drafting the declaration of overbid, notifying the parties within three days, and territorial representation at the overbid hearing. Fees are set at the start of the engagement after analysis of the case. The firm favours transparency and predictability: a detailed quote is provided from the first appointment. For a first analysis of conditions of sale that does not commit you to further instructions, you can count on a quick consultation at a fixed fee.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Property auction lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/property-auction-lawyer\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": \"Mo-Su 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156454 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156454 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156454 post-2156454 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/france-storm-boelo-evacuated-building-peril-rent-insurance-foreign-owners-guide\/\">Storm Boelo in Paris: Foreign Owners&#8217; Guide to Evacuated Buildings, Safety Orders, Rent and Insurance Claims<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155861 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155861 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155861 post-2155861 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/23\/france-nonresident-selling-capital-gains-tax-representative-secure-sale-guide\/\">Selling French Property as a Non-Resident: Capital Gains Tax, the Tax Representative and How to Secure the Sale<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155776 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155776 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/giammarco-boscaro-eWpBNXRHfTI-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155776 post-2155776 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/23\/france-company-buyer-no-cooling-off-deposit-exits-foreign-investors-guide\/\">Buying French Property Through a Company (SCI, SARL, Foreign Ltd): No Cooling-Off Period, Deposit Rules and Exit Routes for Foreign Investors<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155009 post-2155009 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/22\/france-colocation-flatshare-rules-joint-lease-liability-deposit-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Renting Your Paris Flat to Sharers: French Flatsharing (Colocation) Rules Foreign Landlords Must Master<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/aleix-ventayol-yPoM-wmzKMM-unsplash-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154137 post-2154137 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-wrong-dpe-energy-rating-foreign-buyers-remedies-diagnostiqueur-guide\/\">Your French DPE Was Wrong: Diagnostiqueur Liability, Price Reduction and Rental-Ban Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-1-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154054 post-2154054 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-viager-buying-foreign-buyers-bouquet-rente-occupied-free-remedies-guide\/\">Buying a Viager in France: Occupied vs Free, Bouquet and Rente Calculation, and Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/annie-spratt-GWCvnsMtiBg-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2153925 post-2153925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-evict-tenant-unpaid-rent-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Tenant Stopped Paying Rent in France: How a Foreign Landlord Terminates the Lease and Recovers the Flat<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Auction room, ninety-second candles, bids placed only by lawyers: a forced sale follows a timetable that tolerates no postponement. As a property auction lawyer in Paris, the firm assists seized debtors, bidders, successful bidders and creditors before the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1749834,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161073","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Property Auction Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Property auction lawyer in Paris: the firm assists debtors, bidders and creditors from seizure to adjudication and overbid. 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