{"id":2161067,"date":"2025-11-14T00:24:48","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T23:24:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161067"},"modified":"2026-11-04T21:07:41","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T20:07:41","slug":"easement-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/easement-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Easement lawyer in Paris: access, views, pipes, neighbours"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161067\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161067 elementor-1749843\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v55f9db e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v55f9db\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v55f9dbw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v55f9dbw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-servitudes-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Easements: dominant and servient land<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Easement lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> access, views, pipes, neighbours.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Acting as an easement lawyer in Paris, the firm reads the title deed word for word, has the structures recorded, and defends the owner of the dominant land (fonds dominant) and of the servient land (fonds servant) before the judicial court (tribunal judiciaire) of Paris. The title deed, the cadastral plan, thirty years of use and the surveyor's expert report combine to establish or destroy the right.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\"><strong>An unlawful view, an increase in the burden on a right of way or a tolerance that drags on should be dealt with before possession becomes consolidated.<\/strong> Send the title deed and the cadastral plan for a first reading.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-servitudes-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-servitudes-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-servitudes-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-servitudes-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Easements \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Whether you own the dominant or the servient land, the title deed and the cadastral plan determine the strategy. Send the title deed, the plan and photographs: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours with a precise reading.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The regimes<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-pieces\" aria-controls=\"kcv-pieces\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-methode\" aria-controls=\"kcv-methode\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-calendrier\" aria-controls=\"kcv-calendrier\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-verifications\" aria-controls=\"kcv-verifications\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-situations\" aria-controls=\"kcv-situations\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Situations<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, real estate lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What an <em>easement lawyer<\/em> does in Paris<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Neighbourhood disputes<\/li><li>Paris judicial court<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">An easement of view (servitude de vue) may be acquired after thirty years if the opening is apparent and possession has been continuous, uninterrupted, peaceful, public, unequivocal and exercised as owner, under Articles 690 and 2261 of the French Civil Code (Code civil). The person relying on it must prove the date and characteristics of the opening with consistent evidence: deeds, dated photographs, plans, permits, invoices, statements or a formal record (constat). See also our <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/07\/03\/servitude-de-vue-jours-tolerance-distances-legales-678-code-civil\/\">guide to easements of view and tolerated openings<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Enclavement gives rise to a right<\/h3><p>The owner of a landlocked plot may claim sufficient access across neighbouring land, against proportionate compensation (Article 682 of the Civil Code). A tolerated passage that ensures unobstructed access to the public road rules out enclavement for as long as it continues. If it ends, the sufficiency of access must be reassessed.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Mandatory distances for views<\/h3><p>1.90 metres for direct views, 0.60 metres for oblique views (Articles 678 and 679). The sanction: blocking up the opening or demolition.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Thirty years that create the right<\/h3><p>Continuous and apparent easements are acquired by title or by thirty years' possession (Article 690). A footpath, being discontinuous, can never be acquired by limitation: a title is required.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-regimes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-regimes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Civil Code, Articles 637 to 710<\/p>\n<h2>Title, law or possession: <em>three sources, three regimes<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure easement litigation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-stats\"><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">1,90 m<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">for direct views (Article 678)<\/p><\/div><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">0,60 m<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">for oblique views (Article 679)<\/p><\/div><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">30 years<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">of possession for continuous and apparent easements (Article 690)<\/p><\/div><div class=\"kcv-stat\"><p class=\"kcv-stat-n\">Enclavement<\/p><p class=\"kcv-stat-t\">sufficient access against proportionate compensation (Article 682)<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li><strong>Enclavement (Article 682)<\/strong>: sufficient access against proportionate compensation; a tolerated passage ensuring unobstructed access to the public road rules out enclavement for as long as it continues (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca9ae3ab40ba903cef42ae\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 15 February 2018, No. 17-11.063<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Views (Articles 678 and 679)<\/strong>: 1.90 metres for direct views, 0.60 metres for oblique views; the beneficiary of an easement of view may obtain the demolition of a wall built within the legal distance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607943299ba5988459c413c8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 3 July 1973, No. 72-10.877<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Limitation (Article 690)<\/strong>: only continuous and apparent easements are acquired after thirty years; the easement of view exists by the very fact of the opening, regardless of the absence of planning or co-ownership authorisation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6260f62a6d9e13277d6e35c4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 21 April 2022, No. 21-12.240<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Prohibited aggravation (Article 702)<\/strong>: the easement covers only what the title states \u2014 a right of way allows underground pipes only if the title provides for them (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca8d5f7a23107fe4b166b4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 14 June 2018, No. 17-20.280<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Before any action, boundary determination (bornage): Article 646 allows a neighbour to be compelled to have the boundaries of adjoining properties determined, either by agreement with a licensed surveyor or through the courts. An easement is always built on a clear boundary; without one, the dispute shifts from the easement to the ownership of the land itself.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-pieces\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-pieces\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to provide <em>depending on your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Old titles and dated physical evidence decide the outcome.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Dominant land<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-opt-n\">You rely on the easement<\/p>\n    <ul><li>Title deed mentioning the easement, old titles<\/li><li>Cadastral plan and survey plan<\/li><li>Dated photographs of the structures, invoices for the works<\/li><li>Statements from neighbours who have known the situation for more than thirty years<\/li><\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Servient land<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-opt-n\">You bear the easement<\/p>\n    <ul><li>Original title deed of the property and any mention of easements<\/li><li>Letters of objection sent to the owner of the dominant land<\/li><li>Boundary plans<\/li><li>Bailiff's reports establishing the break in possession<\/li><\/ul>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Frequent mistakes: producing only the recent deed without going back to the old titles; letting thirty years run without objecting or physically interrupting possession.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm works with the following professionals on evidence:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Licensed surveyor<\/li><li>Court commissioner<\/li><li>Notary and mortgage register extract<\/li><li>Court-appointed expert assessment under Article 145<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-methode\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-methode\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Well prepared, the amicable phase resolves a significant share of easement disputes.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First exchange and sending the file<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Call or email, and send the title deed, the cadastral plan and photographs of the structures. First legal reading within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Audit of the title and of possession<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Review of the successive deeds, historical cadastral plan, and the conditions of Article 690 if limitation is relied on. Costed note and a cautious timetable.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Formal notice and attempt at settlement<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Formal demand letter to the neighbour, amicable survey by a surveyor, negotiation of the route and of the compensation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Substantive writ of summons and expert assessment<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Recognition of the easement, an end to aggravation or demolition of an unlawful view; court-appointed surveyor's assessment; oral argument and follow-up of any appeal.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The total cost of the litigation is compared with what is at stake before issuing proceedings: the firm declines a case whose cost exceeds the economic benefit hoped for.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-calendrier\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-calendrier\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline of <em>easement litigation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The typical stages of an action for recognition or cessation.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Document audit<\/p><p><strong>Day 0 to Day 15.<\/strong> Successive notarial deeds, cadastral plan, old photographs, records of use. Word-for-word reading of the title.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Formal record<\/p><p><strong>Day 15 to Day 30.<\/strong> Report by a court commissioner (commissaire de justice): structures, adversarial measurement of distances, dated photographs.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Formal notice<\/p><p><strong>Day 30 to Day 45.<\/strong> Registered letter setting out the legal basis, the title, the documents and the costed assessment. Thirty days for an amicable reply.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Urgent application for an expert assessment<\/p><p><strong>Day 60 to Day 150.<\/strong> If necessary, appointment of a surveyor by the urgent applications judge: boundary determination and characterisation of the easement.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Expert assessment<\/p><p><strong>Day 150 to Day 360.<\/strong> Meetings on site, adversarial measurement, the parties' submissions, final report.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Writ of summons on the merits<\/p><p><strong>Day 390.<\/strong> Recognition, an end to aggravation or demolition before the judicial court of Paris; judgment and possible appeal.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-verifications\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-verifications\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm <em>checks before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No writ of summons before these points have been checked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Origin of the easement: contractual title, statutory easement, thirty-year limitation or destination by the head of the household (destination du p\u00e8re de famille).<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Continuous and apparent character for limitation: physical structures, visibility, permanence \u2014 a discontinuous easement cannot be acquired by limitation.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Exact extent of the right: route, manner of use, burdens, comparison with current use, aggravations.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Settled boundary: dividing line confirmed before any debate on the easement.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Physical evidence: records, adversarial measurements, dated photographs, statements.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Economics of the litigation: prospects on the merits, foreseeable duration, total cost compared with what is at stake.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Upload the title deed, the cadastral plan and the photographs through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm prioritises and completes the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-situations\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-situations\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly calibrate the priority and the procedural tool.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Landlocked plot with no access<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Cadastral plan, surveyor's expert report, photographs of the access routes.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The action is not subject to limitation as long as the enclavement exists.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Substantive writ of summons for recognition and for the route to be fixed, plus compensation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Unlawful view over neighbouring land<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Bailiff's report with measurements, photographs, plan.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Action for demolition or blocking up.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice, failing which a substantive writ of summons.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Easement possessed for 30 years or more<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Dated photographs, statements, old deeds, mortgage register extract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Acquisition by limitation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Action for recognition of the easement acquired by limitation, application for registration.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Aggravation through a change of use<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Bailiff's report on current use, comparison with the title, expert assessment.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Action for cessation available for as long as the aggravation continues.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Writ of summons for cessation and damages.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Tolerance that has lasted a long time<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> No title, no permanent structure, mere use.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> No limitation period can run; revocable at any time.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Regularise by a contractual title or end the tolerance.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Uncertain or disputed boundary<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Cadastral plans, old deeds, adversarial measurements.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> The action is not subject to limitation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Application for boundary determination, amicable or judicial, before any easement claim.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Enclavement recognised, 4-metre right of way and compensation of \u20ac12,800<\/h3><p>Purchase of a landlocked plot in the inner suburbs of Paris, the historic outlet to the public road having been removed by the neighbour. Court-appointed surveyor's assessment confirming objective enclavement. Recognition by the judicial court of a 4-metre right of way suitable for vehicles, at the location least harmful to the servient land, against compensation of \u20ac12,800.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Article 682 of the Civil Code. Result: easement recognised, access secured.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Unlawful view blocked, works at the neighbour's expense<\/h3><p>Project owner who created a window 0.40 metres from the boundary line, in flagrant breach of Article 679 (oblique view: 0.60 metres minimum). Report by a court commissioner and surveyor's assessment confirming the measurements. The court ordered the opening to be blocked with a fixed frosted-glass frame, at the sole expense of the offending neighbour, plus \u20ac3,000 in damages.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Articles 678 and 679 of the Civil Code. Result: opening blocked and compensation.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Thirty-year limitation accrued, easement irrevocable<\/h3><p>Owners of land that had enjoyed for forty years a right of way marked out by a driveway, challenged late by the new neighbour who had bought the adjoining plot. Chronology reconstructed from old photographs, statements and successive titles. Judicial recognition of the thirty-year limitation under Article 690 of the Civil Code. The easement is now enforceable, despite the challenge.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Article 690 of the Civil Code. Result: easement acquired by limitation, right consolidated.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions about <em>property easements<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">13 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads the title deed and the cadastral plan before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What is a property easement in France?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An easement (servitude) is a burden imposed on one plot of land (the servient land) for the benefit of another (the dominant land), as defined in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006429810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006429810\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 637 of the Civil Code<\/a>. It does not burden a person but a property: it passes with the property and binds successive owners without any new consent being needed. The most common easements are the right of way in cases of enclavement (Article 682), the easement of view (Articles 678 and 679), the easement for the flow of water (Article 640), party walls (Article 653 et seq.) and the easement for pipes. Easements may arise from the natural situation of the land, from obligations imposed by law or from agreements between owners (Article 639). An easement may be continuous (exercised without human intervention, such as a window or a drain) or discontinuous (a footpath, a right to draw water). It may be apparent (marked by a visible structure) or non-apparent. This dual classification governs how it can be acquired: only continuous and apparent easements can be acquired by thirty-year limitation under Article 690 of the Civil Code.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do you prove a continuous and apparent easement?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430374\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 690 of the Civil Code<\/a> opens acquisition by thirty-year limitation to continuous and apparent easements only. Both conditions are cumulative. The continuous character means that exercising the easement does not require repeated human intervention: a channelled flow of water, a window, a view or a drain are continuous. The apparent character means an external, visible manifestation: an opening, a pipe, a wall, a piping structure. Proof of thirty years' standing rests on consistent evidence: dated photographs, successive cadastral plans, notarial deeds mentioning the structures, statements from neighbours who knew the earlier situation, tax returns, planning permissions, maintenance invoices. Possession must be peaceful, public, unequivocal and continuous. A physical break, such as blocking up a window for several years, interrupts the limitation period. The Third Civil Chamber has made clear that an initial administrative irregularity (absence of permission, failure to make a declaration) does not prevent limitation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6260f62a6d9e13277d6e35c4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 21 April 2022, No. 21-12.240<\/a>, FS-B, published in the Bulletin).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What are the distances for views onto neighbouring land?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430226\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 678 of the Civil Code<\/a> requires a distance of 1.90 metres between a direct view (window, balcony, projection) and the neighbour's land. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430234\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430234\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 679 of the Civil Code<\/a> requires a distance of 0.60 metres for oblique views. A direct view looks out perpendicular to the facade, so that the neighbour is visible without turning the head. An oblique view requires an angle, the neighbour being visible only by turning. The distance is measured from the outer face of the wall in which the opening is made to the boundary of the neighbouring land. Failure to comply is sanctioned: the neighbour may demand that the opening be blocked with a fixed frosted-glass frame, sometimes demolition. The Third Civil Chamber has affirmed the strength of the right of the dominant land in the case of oblique views (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607943299ba5988459c413c8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 3 July 1973, No. 72-10.877<\/a>, published in the Bulletin). The exception provided for in Article 678 allows a direct view at less than 1.90 metres where the neighbouring land is already burdened by a right of way that prevents any building: the view then causes it no building-related harm.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do you need a notarial deed for an easement?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An easement may be created by written agreement between owners (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430334\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430334\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 686 of the Civil Code<\/a>). A notarial deed is not required on pain of nullity, but it is very strongly recommended for two reasons. First, registration with the land registry (service de publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re) requires a notarial deed: without registration, the easement cannot be enforced against third parties, in particular successive buyers. Second, a notarial deed provides legal certainty: a reliable date, precise identification of the plots by cadastral references, a full description of the route and of how the easement is exercised. An easement created by a simple private agreement is valid between the parties, but often loses its effect when the property changes hands. A notarial deed avoids that fragility. For easements acquired by thirty-year limitation, the absence of an initial deed is made up for by judicial recognition: the court records acquisition by limitation, and the judgment, once registered with the land registry, has an effect equivalent to a notarial deed. The firm systematically recommends a notarial deed for newly granted easements.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does the 30-year limitation period mean for an easement?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430374\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 690 of the Civil Code<\/a> allows a continuous and apparent easement to be acquired by thirty years' possession. Acquisitive limitation is a strong institution of civil law: it turns a prolonged factual situation into a right. Four conditions must be met. The easement must be continuous (use without repeated human intervention). It must be apparent (marked by a visible structure). Possession must have been exercised for thirty years without physical interruption. It must be peaceful, public and unequivocal. The period runs from the first act of physical use, generally the putting in place of the structure. The Third Civil Chamber has confirmed that administrative irregularity does not break the limitation period: a window opened without permission can give rise to an easement of view acquired by thirty-year limitation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6260f62a6d9e13277d6e35c4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 21 April 2022, No. 21-12.240<\/a>). The same applies to the channelled flow of rainwater (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca680907682f519d8e2478\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 12 September 2019, No. 18-12.876<\/a>). The neighbour may interrupt the limitation period by legal action or by a physical act restoring the previous state of affairs.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Who pays compensation for a right of way over landlocked land?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430276\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430276\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 682 of the Civil Code<\/a> requires the owner of the dominant land (the one claiming access) to pay compensation to the owner of the servient land (the one bearing the right of way). The compensation is proportionate to the harm suffered by the land crossed: loss of enjoyment, depreciation of the land, constraints arising from the exercise of the easement. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430303\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 685<\/a> specifies that the claim for compensation is subject to limitation, and that the right of way may continue even if the claim for compensation is no longer admissible. The amount is calculated by expert assessment, sometimes a joint one by a surveyor and a property valuer. In practice, compensation ranges from \u20ac5,000 for a limited pedestrian right of way to \u20ac30,000 for a 4-metre right of way suitable for vehicles crossing a garden. Settled case law excludes compensation where the enclavement originates in the division of a single plot: an owner who voluntarily encloses their land is not entitled to impose compensation on the rest of the original division. The firm systematically negotiates the amount before any litigation: a settlement at 70 per cent of the initial valuation quickly closes the case and avoids judicial uncertainty.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can an existing right of way be moved?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430479\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 701 of the Civil Code<\/a> forbids the owner of the servient land from unilaterally moving the exercise of the easement to a place different from the one originally assigned. Moving it is therefore not a right of the servient land: it requires the agreement of the dominant land. Article 701 does, however, provide an exception: if the original assignment has become more burdensome for the servient land, or prevents beneficial repairs being made there, the owner of the servient land may offer the owner of the other land a place that is equally convenient for the exercise of their rights, and the latter cannot refuse. This exception is strictly circumscribed: the convenience must be equivalent, the move must not impair the use of the dominant land, and the costs of the move are borne by the servient land requesting it. Failing amicable agreement, the court decides. Proof of equivalent convenience rests on the surveyor's assessment, which compares the old and new routes in terms of length, gradient, practicability and cost of use. The practical rule: the servient land that wants to move the easement must propose a documented and compensated new route, otherwise the move fails.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a neighbour increase the burden of an easement?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430485\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 702 of the Civil Code<\/a> forbids the holder of the easement from making any change that aggravates the condition of the servient land. The rule protects the burdened owner against abusive use. Aggravation may result from more intensive use of the right of way (for example commercial use where the passage was residential), from a change of use of the dominant land, from a de facto widening of the route or from the introduction of pipes not provided for. The Court of Cassation has laid down a strict principle for pipes: <q>a right of way confers the right to run pipes through the subsoil of the route of the easement only if the title creating that easement so provides<\/q> (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca8d5f7a23107fe4b166b4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 14 June 2018, No. 17-20.280<\/a>, FS-P+B+I, published in the Bulletin). Any extension beyond the title requires an amendment or the agreement of the servient land. The same decision recalls that the creation, on the dominant land, of a new development such as a subdivision or a planned development zone (ZAC) may lead to an aggravation of the contractual easement, which the judge must examine. Aggravation is sanctioned by cessation, sometimes subject to a daily penalty, and by an award of damages covering the period of aggravation.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do you extinguish an easement that is no longer needed?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430499\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430499\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 703 of the Civil Code<\/a> provides that easements cease when things are in such a state that they can no longer be used. This extinction by impossibility is not final, however: the easement revives if things are restored so that it can be used again, unless thirty years have already elapsed (Articles 704 and 707). Genuine extinction may result from several causes. Thirty years of non-use (Article 706) extinguishes an easement that has not been exercised for thirty years. Merger (the dominant and servient land coming into the same hands, Article 705) also extinguishes the easement. Express renunciation by the dominant land, formalised by notarial deed, is another route. So is the arrival of the term agreed in the title, where the easement is temporary. Loss of usefulness, under Article 685-1, applies when a right of way arising from enclavement has ceased to be necessary (for example through the creation of a new public road serving the dominant land). In practice, extinction by non-use is proved by the absence of any physical trace of use for thirty years: photographs, plans, testimony, the state of the structures. It is established by court-appointed expert assessment and approval by the court. Buying out the easement opens a negotiated route: the servient land buys the easement from the dominant land, which agrees to release it.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What can you do if a neighbour builds a wall too close to an old window?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An old window overlooking neighbouring land may benefit from an easement of view acquired by thirty-year limitation (Article 690). If the neighbour raises a wall within the legal distance (1.90 metres for a direct view, 0.60 metres for an oblique view), they infringe your real right. The Third Civil Chamber has held that <q>the owner of a dominant land, beneficiary of an easement, is entitled to obtain the demolition of a wall built within the legal distance of the windows through which the easement is exercised, in order to maintain, for the benefit of their property, the fullness of the real right attached to it<\/q> (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607943299ba5988459c413c8\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 3 July 1973, No. 72-10.877<\/a>, published in the Bulletin). The steps to follow: have the state of things recorded by a court commissioner before and after the construction, gather proof of the age of the window (photographs, statements, old deeds), send a formal notice, then issue a writ of summons for demolition. The court assesses the physical existence of the easement of view acquired by limitation and the extent of the infringement, and orders partial or total demolition of the wall, sometimes subject to a daily penalty. The success of the action rests on the strength of the proof of limitation: the chronology must be documented step by step.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does an easement pass to the buyer of the property?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. An easement is owed to the land, not to the person (Article 686 of the Civil Code). It follows the property through every transfer: sale, gift, inheritance, division. The buyer of dominant land continues to benefit from the easement, and the buyer of servient land remains bound to bear it. This rule is both protective and risky. It is protective for the dominant land, which does not lose its rights through a mere change of owner of the servient land. It is risky for the buyer of servient land who was unaware of the easement at the time of purchase: they remain bound, unless they can prove that the seller breached their duty to inform. The practical rule for the buyer: require the full mortgage register extract, read the old deeds, have the notary check the easements and, in case of doubt, require a contractual statement from the seller. For the seller, transparency is mandatory: concealing the existence of an easement is fraudulent concealment or a defect of consent, which may justify annulment of the sale or damages. If the easement is not mentioned in the sale deed but exists by an earlier registered title or by limitation, the buyer remains bound, but may take action against the seller or the notary for failure to inform.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do you quantify the loss caused by an unlawful easement?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The loss suffered by the servient land in the case of an unlawful easement (intrusive view, unauthorised passage, pipe outside the title) is quantified under several heads. Loss of enjoyment corresponds to the loss of normal use of the property: inability to build a terrace because of an intrusive view, loss of privacy, interference with use. Financial loss corresponds to the fall in market value of the property: a flat with an intrusive neighbouring view sells for less, sometimes 5 to 15 per cent less. Loss of peace covers specific nuisances (noise, repeated passage). Non-material loss, more marginal, covers the psychological suffering linked to the neighbourhood conflict. Assessment is made by court-appointed expert assessment, sometimes a joint one (property valuer and surveyor). The court has sovereign discretion, but generally aligns with the range proposed. For a Paris flat worth \u20ac600,000 affected by an unlawful view, the depreciation may reach \u20ac30,000 to \u20ac60,000. Loss of enjoyment is added, generally put at between \u20ac100 and \u20ac300 per month for the duration of the irregularity. The firm builds a precise costed note before the hearing to structure the claim and anticipate the opposing party's objections. The strength of the figure rests on documentation: quotes for restoration, market comparables, independent property valuation.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court has jurisdiction in Paris over an easement dispute?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The judicial court of Paris has jurisdiction over easement disputes concerning buildings and land located in Paris. Subject-matter jurisdiction lies with the judicial court (without any financial ceiling), in accordance with Articles L. 211-3 et seq. of the Code of Judicial Organisation (Code de l'organisation judiciaire). The civil division handles real estate cases, with a chamber dedicated to neighbourhood disputes. Territorial jurisdiction follows from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410142\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>: in real property matters, the court of the place where the property is situated has jurisdiction. For a Paris property, that is therefore the judicial court of Paris (Parvis du Tribunal de Paris, 75017). Representation by a lawyer is mandatory for actions on the merits. An appeal is brought before the Paris Court of Appeal within one month of service of the judgment. Easement disputes are excluded from the jurisdiction of the proximity judge (proximity chamber): the real nature of the right and its technical complexity require the judicial court. The firm regularly pleads before these courts and knows the specialised chambers, their criteria of examination and their timetables. This familiarity makes it possible to steer the pre-trial phase and to calibrate the procedural timetable precisely.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006429810\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006429810\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;637<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">definition<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430226\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430226\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;678<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">direct views<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430234\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430234\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;679<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">oblique views<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430276\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430276\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;682<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">enclavement<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430303\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430303\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;685<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">compensation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430374\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430374\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;690<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">thirty-year limitation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430383\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430383\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;691<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">title<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430479\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430479\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;701<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">moving the easement<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430485\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430485\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;702<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">aggravation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430499\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006430499\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;703<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">extinction<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410142\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410142\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Art.&nbsp;44 CCP<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">jurisdiction<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">See also the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Civil Code on L\u00e9gifrance<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Code of Civil Procedure on L\u00e9gifrance<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/building-permit-challenge-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Building permits<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/property-sale-litigation-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Property sale disputes<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/compromis-de-vente-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Preliminary sale agreement<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-law-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Construction law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's real estate practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 13 August 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>An easement to enforce or <em>to challenge<\/em>? Have your title deed audited.<\/h2>\n      <p>Whether you own the dominant or the servient land, the title deed and the cadastral plan determine the strategy. Send the title deed, the plan and photographs: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours with a precise reading.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is a property easement in France?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An easement (servitude) is a burden imposed on one plot of land (the servient land) for the benefit of another (the dominant land), as defined in Article 637 of the Civil Code. It does not burden a person but a property: it passes with the property and binds successive owners without any new consent being needed. The most common easements are the right of way in cases of enclavement (Article 682), the easement of view (Articles 678 and 679), the easement for the flow of water (Article 640), party walls (Article 653 et seq.) and the easement for pipes. Easements may arise from the natural situation of the land, from obligations imposed by law or from agreements between owners (Article 639). An easement may be continuous (exercised without human intervention, such as a window or a drain) or discontinuous (a footpath, a right to draw water). It may be apparent (marked by a visible structure) or non-apparent. This dual classification governs how it can be acquired: only continuous and apparent easements can be acquired by thirty-year limitation under Article 690 of the Civil Code.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do you prove a continuous and apparent easement?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 690 of the Civil Code opens acquisition by thirty-year limitation to continuous and apparent easements only. Both conditions are cumulative. The continuous character means that exercising the easement does not require repeated human intervention: a channelled flow of water, a window, a view or a drain are continuous. The apparent character means an external, visible manifestation: an opening, a pipe, a wall, a piping structure. Proof of thirty years' standing rests on consistent evidence: dated photographs, successive cadastral plans, notarial deeds mentioning the structures, statements from neighbours who knew the earlier situation, tax returns, planning permissions, maintenance invoices. Possession must be peaceful, public, unequivocal and continuous. A physical break, such as blocking up a window for several years, interrupts the limitation period. The Third Civil Chamber has made clear that an initial administrative irregularity (absence of permission, failure to make a declaration) does not prevent limitation (Cass. 3e civ., 21 April 2022, No. 21-12.240, FS-B, published in the Bulletin).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What are the distances for views onto neighbouring land?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 678 of the Civil Code requires a distance of 1.90 metres between a direct view (window, balcony, projection) and the neighbour's land. Article 679 of the Civil Code requires a distance of 0.60 metres for oblique views. A direct view looks out perpendicular to the facade, so that the neighbour is visible without turning the head. An oblique view requires an angle, the neighbour being visible only by turning. The distance is measured from the outer face of the wall in which the opening is made to the boundary of the neighbouring land. Failure to comply is sanctioned: the neighbour may demand that the opening be blocked with a fixed frosted-glass frame, sometimes demolition. The Third Civil Chamber has affirmed the strength of the right of the dominant land in the case of oblique views (Cass. 3e civ., 3 July 1973, No. 72-10.877, published in the Bulletin). The exception provided for in Article 678 allows a direct view at less than 1.90 metres where the neighbouring land is already burdened by a right of way that prevents any building: the view then causes it no building-related harm.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do you need a notarial deed for an easement?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An easement may be created by written agreement between owners (Article 686 of the Civil Code). A notarial deed is not required on pain of nullity, but it is very strongly recommended for two reasons. First, registration with the land registry (service de publicit\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re) requires a notarial deed: without registration, the easement cannot be enforced against third parties, in particular successive buyers. Second, a notarial deed provides legal certainty: a reliable date, precise identification of the plots by cadastral references, a full description of the route and of how the easement is exercised. An easement created by a simple private agreement is valid between the parties, but often loses its effect when the property changes hands. A notarial deed avoids that fragility. For easements acquired by thirty-year limitation, the absence of an initial deed is made up for by judicial recognition: the court records acquisition by limitation, and the judgment, once registered with the land registry, has an effect equivalent to a notarial deed. The firm systematically recommends a notarial deed for newly granted easements.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does the 30-year limitation period mean for an easement?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 690 of the Civil Code allows a continuous and apparent easement to be acquired by thirty years' possession. Acquisitive limitation is a strong institution of civil law: it turns a prolonged factual situation into a right. Four conditions must be met. The easement must be continuous (use without repeated human intervention). It must be apparent (marked by a visible structure). Possession must have been exercised for thirty years without physical interruption. It must be peaceful, public and unequivocal. The period runs from the first act of physical use, generally the putting in place of the structure. The Third Civil Chamber has confirmed that administrative irregularity does not break the limitation period: a window opened without permission can give rise to an easement of view acquired by thirty-year limitation (Cass. 3e civ., 21 April 2022, No. 21-12.240). The same applies to the channelled flow of rainwater (Cass. 3e civ., 12 September 2019, No. 18-12.876). The neighbour may interrupt the limitation period by legal action or by a physical act restoring the previous state of affairs.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who pays compensation for a right of way over landlocked land?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 682 of the Civil Code requires the owner of the dominant land (the one claiming access) to pay compensation to the owner of the servient land (the one bearing the right of way). The compensation is proportionate to the harm suffered by the land crossed: loss of enjoyment, depreciation of the land, constraints arising from the exercise of the easement. Article 685 specifies that the claim for compensation is subject to limitation, and that the right of way may continue even if the claim for compensation is no longer admissible. The amount is calculated by expert assessment, sometimes a joint one by a surveyor and a property valuer. In practice, compensation ranges from \u20ac5,000 for a limited pedestrian right of way to \u20ac30,000 for a 4-metre right of way suitable for vehicles crossing a garden. Settled case law excludes compensation where the enclavement originates in the division of a single plot: an owner who voluntarily encloses their land is not entitled to impose compensation on the rest of the original division. The firm systematically negotiates the amount before any litigation: a settlement at 70 per cent of the initial valuation quickly closes the case and avoids judicial uncertainty.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can an existing right of way be moved?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 701 of the Civil Code forbids the owner of the servient land from unilaterally moving the exercise of the easement to a place different from the one originally assigned. Moving it is therefore not a right of the servient land: it requires the agreement of the dominant land. Article 701 does, however, provide an exception: if the original assignment has become more burdensome for the servient land, or prevents beneficial repairs being made there, the owner of the servient land may offer the owner of the other land a place that is equally convenient for the exercise of their rights, and the latter cannot refuse. This exception is strictly circumscribed: the convenience must be equivalent, the move must not impair the use of the dominant land, and the costs of the move are borne by the servient land requesting it. Failing amicable agreement, the court decides. Proof of equivalent convenience rests on the surveyor's assessment, which compares the old and new routes in terms of length, gradient, practicability and cost of use. The practical rule: the servient land that wants to move the easement must propose a documented and compensated new route, otherwise the move fails.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a neighbour increase the burden of an easement?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Article 702 of the Civil Code forbids the holder of the easement from making any change that aggravates the condition of the servient land. The rule protects the burdened owner against abusive use. Aggravation may result from more intensive use of the right of way (for example commercial use where the passage was residential), from a change of use of the dominant land, from a de facto widening of the route or from the introduction of pipes not provided for. The Court of Cassation has laid down a strict principle for pipes: a right of way confers the right to run pipes through the subsoil of the route of the easement only if the title creating that easement so provides (Cass. 3e civ., 14 June 2018, No. 17-20.280, FS-P+B+I, published in the Bulletin). Any extension beyond the title requires an amendment or the agreement of the servient land. The same decision recalls that the creation, on the dominant land, of a new development such as a subdivision or a planned development zone (ZAC) may lead to an aggravation of the contractual easement, which the judge must examine. Aggravation is sanctioned by cessation, sometimes subject to a daily penalty, and by an award of damages covering the period of aggravation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do you extinguish an easement that is no longer needed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 703 of the Civil Code provides that easements cease when things are in such a state that they can no longer be used. This extinction by impossibility is not final, however: the easement revives if things are restored so that it can be used again, unless thirty years have already elapsed (Articles 704 and 707). Genuine extinction may result from several causes. Thirty years of non-use (Article 706) extinguishes an easement that has not been exercised for thirty years. Merger (the dominant and servient land coming into the same hands, Article 705) also extinguishes the easement. Express renunciation by the dominant land, formalised by notarial deed, is another route. So is the arrival of the term agreed in the title, where the easement is temporary. Loss of usefulness, under Article 685-1, applies when a right of way arising from enclavement has ceased to be necessary (for example through the creation of a new public road serving the dominant land). In practice, extinction by non-use is proved by the absence of any physical trace of use for thirty years: photographs, plans, testimony, the state of the structures. It is established by court-appointed expert assessment and approval by the court. Buying out the easement opens a negotiated route: the servient land buys the easement from the dominant land, which agrees to release it.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What can you do if a neighbour builds a wall too close to an old window?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An old window overlooking neighbouring land may benefit from an easement of view acquired by thirty-year limitation (Article 690). If the neighbour raises a wall within the legal distance (1.90 metres for a direct view, 0.60 metres for an oblique view), they infringe your real right. The Third Civil Chamber has held that the owner of a dominant land, beneficiary of an easement, is entitled to obtain the demolition of a wall built within the legal distance of the windows through which the easement is exercised, in order to maintain, for the benefit of their property, the fullness of the real right attached to it (Cass. 3e civ., 3 July 1973, No. 72-10.877, published in the Bulletin). The steps to follow: have the state of things recorded by a court commissioner before and after the construction, gather proof of the age of the window (photographs, statements, old deeds), send a formal notice, then issue a writ of summons for demolition. The court assesses the physical existence of the easement of view acquired by limitation and the extent of the infringement, and orders partial or total demolition of the wall, sometimes subject to a daily penalty. The success of the action rests on the strength of the proof of limitation: the chronology must be documented step by step.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does an easement pass to the buyer of the property?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. An easement is owed to the land, not to the person (Article 686 of the Civil Code). It follows the property through every transfer: sale, gift, inheritance, division. The buyer of dominant land continues to benefit from the easement, and the buyer of servient land remains bound to bear it. This rule is both protective and risky. It is protective for the dominant land, which does not lose its rights through a mere change of owner of the servient land. It is risky for the buyer of servient land who was unaware of the easement at the time of purchase: they remain bound, unless they can prove that the seller breached their duty to inform. The practical rule for the buyer: require the full mortgage register extract, read the old deeds, have the notary check the easements and, in case of doubt, require a contractual statement from the seller. For the seller, transparency is mandatory: concealing the existence of an easement is fraudulent concealment or a defect of consent, which may justify annulment of the sale or damages. If the easement is not mentioned in the sale deed but exists by an earlier registered title or by limitation, the buyer remains bound, but may take action against the seller or the notary for failure to inform.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do you quantify the loss caused by an unlawful easement?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The loss suffered by the servient land in the case of an unlawful easement (intrusive view, unauthorised passage, pipe outside the title) is quantified under several heads. Loss of enjoyment corresponds to the loss of normal use of the property: inability to build a terrace because of an intrusive view, loss of privacy, interference with use. Financial loss corresponds to the fall in market value of the property: a flat with an intrusive neighbouring view sells for less, sometimes 5 to 15 per cent less. Loss of peace covers specific nuisances (noise, repeated passage). Non-material loss, more marginal, covers the psychological suffering linked to the neighbourhood conflict. Assessment is made by court-appointed expert assessment, sometimes a joint one (property valuer and surveyor). The court has sovereign discretion, but generally aligns with the range proposed. For a Paris flat worth \u20ac600,000 affected by an unlawful view, the depreciation may reach \u20ac30,000 to \u20ac60,000. Loss of enjoyment is added, generally put at between \u20ac100 and \u20ac300 per month for the duration of the irregularity. The firm builds a precise costed note before the hearing to structure the claim and anticipate the opposing party's objections. The strength of the figure rests on documentation: quotes for restoration, market comparables, independent property valuation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court has jurisdiction in Paris over an easement dispute?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The judicial court of Paris has jurisdiction over easement disputes concerning buildings and land located in Paris. Subject-matter jurisdiction lies with the judicial court (without any financial ceiling), in accordance with Articles L. 211-3 et seq. of the Code of Judicial Organisation (Code de l'organisation judiciaire). The civil division handles real estate cases, with a chamber dedicated to neighbourhood disputes. Territorial jurisdiction follows from Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure: in real property matters, the court of the place where the property is situated has jurisdiction. For a Paris property, that is therefore the judicial court of Paris (Parvis du Tribunal de Paris, 75017). Representation by a lawyer is mandatory for actions on the merits. An appeal is brought before the Paris Court of Appeal within one month of service of the judgment. Easement disputes are excluded from the jurisdiction of the proximity judge (proximity chamber): the real nature of the right and its technical complexity require the judicial court. The firm regularly pleads before these courts and knows the specialised chambers, their criteria of examination and their timetables. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/aleix-ventayol-yPoM-wmzKMM-unsplash-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154137 post-2154137 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-wrong-dpe-energy-rating-foreign-buyers-remedies-diagnostiqueur-guide\/\">Your French DPE Was Wrong: Diagnostiqueur Liability, Price Reduction and Rental-Ban Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-1-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154054 post-2154054 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-viager-buying-foreign-buyers-bouquet-rente-occupied-free-remedies-guide\/\">Buying a Viager in France: Occupied vs Free, Bouquet and Rente Calculation, and Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/annie-spratt-GWCvnsMtiBg-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2153925 post-2153925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-evict-tenant-unpaid-rent-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Tenant Stopped Paying Rent in France: How a Foreign Landlord Terminates the Lease and Recovers the Flat<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Acting as an easement lawyer in Paris, the firm reads the title deed word for word, has the structures recorded, and defends the owner of the dominant land (fonds dominant) and of the servient land (fonds servant) before the judicial court (tribunal [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1749834,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161067","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Easement Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Easement lawyer in Paris: right of way, views, pipes and boundary disputes. 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