{"id":2161065,"date":"2025-11-14T00:03:14","date_gmt":"2025-11-13T23:03:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161065"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:57:52","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:57:52","slug":"latent-defects-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/latent-defects-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Latent defects lawyer Paris: cancel, cut the price or claim damages"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161065\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161065 elementor-1749806\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5cbca4 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5cbca4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5cbca4w elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5cbca4w\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-1749806-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Latent defects in property \u2014 buyers and sellers<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Latent defects lawyer<\/em> Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> cancel, cut the price or claim damages.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A serious defect, existing before the sale and hidden: three cumulative conditions, and two years to act from discovery. As a latent defects lawyer in Paris, the firm builds the proof through expert assessment, chooses between the action to cancel the sale and the action to reduce the price, and sets aside non-warranty clauses where the seller is not entitled to rely on them.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\"><strong>The two-year period under Article 1648 of the French Civil Code (Code civil) is a time bar: a late writ of summons is rejected even where the proof of the defect is overwhelming.<\/strong> The condition of the property must be recorded before any repair.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749806-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749806-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749806-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749806-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Latent defects in property \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Whether you are the buyer or the seller, the two-year period often decides the outcome of the case. Send the deed, the diagnostic reports and the records of the defects: the firm replies within 24 to 48 business hours.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Conditions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>latent defects lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 real estate law and the latent defects warranty.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The buyer proves that the defect is serious, existed before the sale and was hidden \u2014 the court-ordered expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure is the keystone. The buyer must act within two years of the certain discovery of the defect, often fixed at the date of the expert report, without exceeding the twenty-year long-stop period running from the sale. The non-warranty clause protects a private seller acting in good faith, never a professional seller nor a seller who knew of the defect; a seller in bad faith also owes full damages (Article 1645).<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Three cumulative conditions<\/h3><p>The defect must be serious (rendering the property unfit for its use), existing before the sale \u2014 in embryonic form on the day of the deed \u2014 and hidden from a normal inspection (Article 1641 of the Civil Code). The prior existence of the defect is proved by expert assessment.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Two remedies to choose from<\/h3><p>Action to cancel the sale (action r\u00e9dhibitoire): return the property and recover the price. Action to reduce the price (action estimatoire): keep the property and have part of the price refunded (Article 1644). The choice depends on the seriousness of the defect and the cost of the repairs.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The non-warranty clause sometimes falls away<\/h3><p>Valid between private individuals acting in good faith (Article 1643), it cannot be relied on against a professional seller or one deemed to be so \u2014 an irrebuttable presumption of knowledge of the defect \u2014 nor against a seller in bad faith.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Conditions<\/p>\n<h2>Serious, pre-existing, hidden: <em>proof comes first<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure the latent defects warranty.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>The defect makes the property unfit for its use, or so reduces its use that the buyer would not have bought it at that price (Article 1641 of the Civil Code).<\/li>\n  <li>Prior existence \u2014 the defect existed in embryonic form on the day of the notarial deed \u2014 is the most disputed condition; it is proved by court-appointed expert assessment.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The option under Article 1644<\/strong>: cancellation of the sale (refund of the price against return of the property) or reduction of the price; the time limit for action is two years from discovery, within the twenty-year long-stop period running from the sale (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/629071388129c751aa93ee3a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 25 May 2022, No. 21-18.218<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>The non-warranty clause (Article 1643) cannot be relied on against a professional seller \u2014 irrebuttable presumption of knowledge \u2014 nor against a seller in bad faith, who owes full damages (Article 1645).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The seller's status must be checked beyond appearances: a private individual who rebuilt the property personally or carries out multiple transactions may be treated as a professional. Conversely, where the buyer is a professional in the same field, the non-warranty clause can, on the contrary, be relied on against that buyer (Cass. 3e civ., 4 March 2021). The status of both parties is documented before the legal basis is chosen.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, depending on <em>your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A record of the defects made before works is a document that can no longer be created afterwards.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Buyer<\/p><ul><li>Notarial deed and preliminary sale agreement with annexes<\/li><li>Technical diagnostic reports annexed to the sale<\/li><li>Dated record of the defects: photographs, videos, bailiff's report before any repair<\/li><li>Formal notice letters to the seller<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Seller<\/p><ul><li>Original deed of acquisition and history of the property<\/li><li>Invoices for works and repairs<\/li><li>Declarations of previous claims and insurance certificates<\/li><li>Non-warranty clause and evidence of good faith<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>A common mistake: repairing before the defect is recorded \u2014 the physical evidence disappears with the works.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also puts forward:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Seller's fraudulent misrepresentation (dol) as an alternative basis<\/li><li>Ten-year builder's liability for recent construction<\/li><li>Liability of the property diagnostician<\/li><li>Action against the notary<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The urgent application for an expert assessment establishes the reality of the defect, its origin and its prior existence.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First exchange and sending the file<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Notarial deed, diagnostic reports, records of the defects: first legal reading within 24 to 48 business hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Review of the legal bases and of the time limit<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Two-year period, whether the non-warranty clause can be relied on, status of the seller, costed strategy.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Urgent application for an expert assessment under Article 145<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Costed and reasoned application, appointment of the expert within four to eight weeks, adversarial follow-up, written comments on the preliminary report.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Writ of summons on the merits<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Action to cancel the sale or to reduce the price, damages under Article 1645 against a seller in bad faith or a professional seller, oral argument and enforcement.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The alternative basis of fraudulent misrepresentation (Article 1137) remains available where the concealment is intentional: five-year time limit and wider restitution.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline of a <em>latent defect<\/em> action<\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The two-year period runs from certain discovery \u2014 often evidenced by the expert report.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Discovery<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> Record of the defects, photographs, videos: the two-year period under Article 1648 starts to run.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Bailiff's report<\/p><p><strong>Day 15.<\/strong> Report by a court commissioner (commissaire de justice) before any repair: preservation of the physical evidence.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Formal notice<\/p><p><strong>Day 30.<\/strong> Registered letter to the seller, invitation to conciliation \u2014 with no effect on the time bar.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Urgent application for an expert assessment<\/p><p><strong>Day 60 to day 120.<\/strong> Application to the urgent applications judge, appointment of the expert, adversarial expert operations.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Writ of summons<\/p><p><strong>After the report.<\/strong> Action to cancel the sale or to reduce the price before the judicial court, within the preserved two-year period.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Proceedings and aftermath<\/p><p>Oral argument, judgment, restitution and damages, possible appeal.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No writ of summons before these points have been checked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Reality of the defect: seriousness, prior existence, hidden nature within the meaning of Article 1641.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Calculation of the two-year period from certain discovery, and of the twenty-year long-stop period.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Status of the seller: layperson, professional, or behaving as one.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Whether the non-warranty clause can be relied on, read word for word, and any bad faith.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Choice between cancelling the sale and reducing the price, depending on seriousness and the cost of the repairs.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Quantum: price, transfer costs, costed works, loss of enjoyment (Article 1645).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly calibrate the priority and the procedural tool.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Defect appearing shortly after the sale<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> bailiff's report, photographs, informal expert opinion.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 2 years from discovery.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> urgent application for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure, then writ of summons on the merits.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Professional or trade seller<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> property advertisements, the seller's invoices for works, social status.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 2 years, with no benefit of the non-warranty clause.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> action to cancel the sale or to reduce the price, with damages under Article 1645.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Non-warranty clause in the deed<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> reading of the clause, status of the parties, bad faith.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 2 years, search for grounds on which the clause cannot be relied on.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> proof of fraudulent misrepresentation or of the seller's professional status.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>New property sold after 2 years<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> sale deed, acceptance of the works, recorded damage.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 2 years for latent defects, 10 years for ten-year builder's liability.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> combining both bases, calling on the building-damage insurance (dommages-ouvrage).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Buyer already carrying out works<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> prior bailiff's report, before-and-after photographs, invoices.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> urgent: have the defect recorded, then suspend the works.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> immediate urgent application for an expert assessment to fix the evidence before it changes.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Sale between professionals in the same field<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> commercial status of the parties, training and activity.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> the clause can be relied on according to Cass. 3e civ., 4 March 2021.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> looking for arguments of fraud or technical asymmetry.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for discretion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The anonymised examples below illustrate the variety of situations handled. The figures correspond to real cases but have been rounded for discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Successful action to cancel the sale, refund of the \u20ac425,000 price<\/h3><p>Purchase of an 80-square-metre Paris flat for a price of \u20ac425,000. Discovery of massive structural damp concealed behind a false ceiling. Court-appointed expert assessment revealing long-standing water ingress predating the sale, the seller being a property dealer. Action to cancel the sale upheld: refund of the price, of the notary's fees and \u20ac35,000 in damages for loss of enjoyment.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: cancellation of the sale + damages. Result: full cancellation of the sale.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Action to reduce the price to \u20ac38,000, private seller keeps the clause<\/h3><p>Purchase of a house in the inner suburbs. Discovery of a widespread plumbing problem concealed by a cosmetic renovation. The seller was an elderly private individual unaware of the defects: the non-warranty clause in principle bars a price reduction as well as damages (Article 1643), unless it is proved that the seller knew of the defects. Action to reduce the price quantified at \u20ac38,000 on the basis of the repair quotation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: action to reduce the price, excluding damages. Result: reduction of the price.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Action inadmissible as time-barred after 2 years, advice given too late<\/h3><p>A buyer discovered a roof defect eighteen months after the sale but waited three years to act. The action was declared time-barred under Article 1648 of the Civil Code. The firm looked in vain for an alternative basis in fraudulent misrepresentation or ten-year builder's liability. Clear advice at the outset would have allowed the urgent application for an expert assessment to be made within the time limit.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: none, case lost. Lesson: act as soon as the defect is certainly discovered.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>latent defects in property<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What is a latent defect in property?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A latent defect, within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441924\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441924\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1641 of the Civil Code<\/a>, is a defect in the thing sold that has three cumulative characteristics. First, it must be serious, that is, it must make the property unfit for its intended use or so reduce that use that the buyer would not have bought at the same price. Second, it must pre-date the sale, even if its effects only became apparent afterwards. Third, it must be hidden, that is, imperceptible to a normal and reasonable inspection at the time of the sale. Case law gives typical examples: concealed structural damp, foundation defects, long-standing dry rot, chronic water ingress masked by internal linings, undisclosed ground instability. A mere visible defect or non-compliance with the specification is not a latent defect: the defect must be serious, pre-existing and concealed. Proof rests on court-appointed expert assessment, which traces the technical origin and the chronology of the damage.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long do I have to act after discovering a latent defect?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020466328\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000020466328\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1648 of the Civil Code<\/a> sets a period of two years from the discovery of the defect. This period is a time bar: once it has expired, the action is inadmissible, without examination of the merits. The starting point is the certain discovery of the defect, that is, precise knowledge of the defect in its full extent and consequences. Case law frequently takes the date of the court-appointed or informal expert report as the starting point, as these reports mark the point at which the technical knowledge was acquired. The period is interrupted by a writ of summons on the merits or for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and suspended for the duration of the expert operations. The two-year period sits within a twenty-year long-stop period running from the original sale: the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/629071388129c751aa93ee3a\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation, 25 May 2022<\/a>, held that the action cannot exceed this long-stop period, in accordance with Article 2232 of the Civil Code.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can I seek cancellation of the whole sale?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030254091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030254091\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1644 of the Civil Code<\/a>. The action to cancel the sale (action r\u00e9dhibitoire) seeks the return of the property and the refund of the price: the sale is undone, the buyer recovers all the sums paid, and the seller takes back the property in its current condition. This route is preferred where the defect is so serious that it renders the property permanently unfit for its purpose, or where the repair works are impossible or disproportionate. Cancellation is accompanied by reimbursement of the notary's fees, the transfer costs and, if the seller is in bad faith or a professional, damages under Article 1645 of the Civil Code. The court checks the seriousness of the defect before ordering cancellation. In practice, judges grant it where the repair works exceed one third of the sale price, or where the nature of the defect (massive damp, structural instability) makes any adaptation of the property impossible.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the non-warranty clause always valid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. The non-warranty clause appears in almost all notarial deeds of sale between private individuals, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441953\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006441953\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1643 of the Civil Code<\/a>. It cannot, however, be relied on in three situations. First, where the seller is a real estate or construction professional: the seller is deemed to know of the defects and the clause is ineffective. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/64a50a8bb8594705dbfcc83e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation, 5 July 2023<\/a>, confirmed this irrebuttable presumption. Second, where the seller is a building technician who carried out the works personally: the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62a97824a0285a05e58b8d97\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Third Civil Chamber, 15 June 2022<\/a>, expressly so held. Finally, where the seller's bad faith is shown, that is, where the seller personally knew of the defect and concealed it. Conversely, the clause can be relied on against a professional buyer in the same field, according to the judgment of 4 March 2021 (No. 20-13.653).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I prove that the defect existed before the sale?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Prior existence of the defect is the most disputed condition. It is for the buyer to show that the defect existed, in embryonic form or in its cause, on the day the notarial deed of sale was signed. This proof rests on three pillars. First, the court-appointed or informal expert assessment, which identifies the technical origin of the defect and traces its chronology. A competent expert can date structural damp, old cracking or dry rot. Second, the technical diagnostic reports annexed to the deed of sale, which establish the condition of the property on the day of the transfer. An inadequate or silent diagnostic report does not clear the seller, but it is an indication. Third, the history of the property: previous claims, the seller's invoices for works, insurance correspondence, declarations to the town hall, neighbours' statements. Taken together, these elements convince the judges. The mere observation of a defect after the sale is never enough: proof of prior existence must be built, supported and technical. It is the heart of the case.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is a court-appointed expert assessment compulsory?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>It is not formally compulsory but becomes indispensable in practice. A court-appointed expert assessment sought under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410694\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410694\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a> makes it possible to establish the reality of the defect, its technical origin and its existence before the sale. Without an expert assessment, proof of the defect rests on the buyer's word alone, which is not enough to convince the court. The urgent application for an expert assessment is heard by the urgent applications judge of the judicial court, on the basis of a costed application. The order appoints a competent expert, sets the terms of reference and the deposit. The operations take place in the presence of the parties and their lawyers. The expert files a final report, which can then be produced in the proceedings on the merits. The cost of the expert assessment (between \u20ac3,000 and \u20ac15,000 depending on complexity) is advanced by the claimant, then recovered if successful. The urgent application takes four to eight weeks for the order, and six to eighteen months for the operations.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a professional seller rely on the non-warranty clause?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. A professional seller is irrebuttably presumed to know of the defects in the thing sold. This presumption has been established by case law for a very long time and was recently confirmed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/64a50a8bb8594705dbfcc83e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation, 5 July 2023<\/a>, which expressly upholds its irrebuttable nature in light of Article 6, \u00a7 1, of the European Convention on Human Rights. A professional seller cannot prove good faith to escape the warranty. This presumption protects the buyer, who is regarded as less competent to assess the technical condition of the property. The Third Civil Chamber has extended this rule to a building technician who personally rebuilt the building: even if not a property dealer, the technician is treated as a professional seller and cannot rely on the non-warranty clause (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/62a97824a0285a05e58b8d97\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 15 June 2022, No. 21-21.143<\/a>). By contrast, where the buyer is itself a professional in the same field, the clause can be relied on again.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What does the action to reduce the price cover?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The action to reduce the price (action estimatoire), provided for in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030254091\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000030254091\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1644 of the Civil Code<\/a>, consists in keeping the property and having part of the price refunded. It is preferable to cancellation of the sale where the property remains usable after works and the loss in value can be quantified by expert assessment. The quantum is calculated by several methods: cost of the repair works, depreciation in market value, cumulative loss of use. The expert quantifies each item and the court decides. The action to reduce the price is preferred where the buyer has already fitted out the property and does not wish to return it, or where the works are disproportionate but the defect can be repaired. If the seller is in bad faith or a professional, damages are added to the price reduction: loss of enjoyment, non-material loss, expert fees. The price reduction is often the lever for negotiation: a settlement agreement at \u20ac30,000 or \u20ac50,000 can close the case quickly, with greater legal certainty than a judgment.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the estate agent be sued jointly and severally?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, in certain conditions. An estate agent incurs contractual liability towards the client (buyer or seller) under the agency mandate. If the agent failed in the duty of advice, did not verify essential information, passed on incorrect information or took part in concealing the defect, the agent's liability may be pursued. In practice, judges find this liability where the agent personally knew of the previous claims (viewing, letters, information from neighbours) and did not warn the buyer. The order is generally made in solidum with the seller, which improves the overall solvency of the arrangement. The estate agent has professional insurance covering this liability. Proof of fault rests on letters, viewing reports and statements. Any mention in the mandate or in the preliminary sale agreement showing that the agent knew of the defect opens the way to a subsidiary action. The firm assesses this avenue in parallel with the main action against the seller.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the notary liable?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A notary incurs professional liability if the notary failed in the duty of advice. The notary must check the technical diagnostic reports annexed to the deed, warn of the legal risks of a manifestly abusive clause, and flag known claims mentioned in earlier deeds. If the notary drafted a non-warranty clause without warning the buyer of its scope, or omitted to mention a claim appearing in the seller's original deed of acquisition, the notary's liability may be engaged. Proof rests on the original of the deed, correspondence with the parties and a comparative analysis of the successive deeds. The order is made in solidum with the seller. The notary has compulsory professional insurance, which ensures solvency. Notarial liability is nonetheless hard to obtain: case law is demanding on proof of fault, and the notary can escape liability by showing that all reasonable diligence was carried out. An action against the notary remains a subsidiary lever, useful where the seller is insolvent or the case is limited by the non-warranty clause.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What can I do if the seller is insolvent?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The seller's insolvency is a frequent difficulty, especially in sales between private individuals. Several levers exist. First, registration of a provisional judicial mortgage over the seller's property, sought from the enforcement judge, which secures any future judgment. Second, a subsidiary action against the estate agent or the notary, whose liability is covered by professional insurance. Third, an action under the ten-year builder's liability against the builders if the works were accepted less than ten years ago: the builders' liability is incurred as of right under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792 of the Civil Code<\/a>. Fourth, a settlement with the seller on the basis of a repayment schedule spread over time. Fifth, starting over-indebtedness proceedings if the seller is in difficulty with other creditors. The firm builds the solvency analysis into the initial note and steers the strategy accordingly: there is no point pursuing costly proceedings against a debtor with no assets.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How much do latent defect proceedings cost?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The cost depends on the complexity of the case. There are three main items: lawyer's fees, court-appointed expert fees and legal costs. Lawyer's fees are generally between \u20ac5,000 and \u20ac15,000 for complete proceedings (urgent application for an expert assessment + writ of summons on the merits + oral argument), sometimes with a success-based element if the case succeeds. Court-appointed expert fees vary between \u20ac3,000 and \u20ac15,000 depending on complexity (deposit paid to the court registry, recoverable if successful). Legal costs (procedural costs) are quantified at the end of the proceedings and include the court registry, the bailiff and registration. If successful, the court may order the seller to pay the legal costs and a sum under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure, generally between \u20ac3,000 and \u20ac10,000. The economic balance is positive where the recoverable quantum exceeds \u20ac50,000. The firm prepares a detailed quotation at the start of the case and, where relevant, proposes a mixed fee (fixed fee + success element) to align interests.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the technical diagnostic report clear the seller?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not automatically. The technical diagnostic reports annexed to the deed of sale (energy performance, asbestos, lead, termites, parasites, gas, electricity) meet a statutory obligation to inform the buyer. A favourable report does not clear the seller of the latent defects warranty: it simply shifts the burden of proof. The buyer must show that the defect existed on the day of the sale, despite the report. Case law penalises inadequate or silent reports: a termite report that is silent on an infestation already active engages the liability of the property diagnostician in addition to that of the seller. Conversely, an alarming report that the buyer did not take into account weakens the buyer's claim: the buyer accepted the risk disclosed. The firm systematically analyses the diagnostic reports in the preliminary review phase. Where the reports are silent or contradict the reality found after the sale, the action can be extended to the property diagnosticians, which improves the overall solvency.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is loss of enjoyment quantified?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Loss of enjoyment corresponds to the loss of use of the property during the period of the defects. It is quantified as a percentage of the theoretical rental value of the property, multiplied by the period during which use was affected. Widespread damp in the living room for twelve months may justify loss of enjoyment of 30 to 50 per cent of the monthly rental value, that is, several thousand euros. Proof rests on photographs, videos, statements and the expert report, which quantifies the duration of the defects. The court assesses the quantum at its sole discretion, but in practice aligns with the range put forward by the expert and the lawyer. Loss of enjoyment is added to the refund of the price (where the sale is cancelled) or to the reduction in the price (where the price is reduced), and is due only if the seller is in bad faith or a professional, under Article 1645 of the Civil Code. For a Paris property with a rental value of \u20ac4,000 a month, loss of enjoyment over 18 months can reach \u20ac25,000 to \u20ac35,000. This item of the quantum should not be neglected.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court has jurisdiction over latent defects in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The Paris judicial court has jurisdiction over latent defect actions concerning property located in Paris. Subject-matter jurisdiction lies with the judicial court (with no ceiling), in accordance with Articles L. 211-3 et seq. of the Code of Judicial Organisation. The construction and real estate division handles the technical cases. Territorial jurisdiction follows from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410097\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410097\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>: in real estate matters, the court of the place where the property is situated has jurisdiction. For a Paris property, this is therefore the Paris judicial court (Parvis du Tribunal de Paris, 75017). Representation by a lawyer is mandatory for actions on the merits. An appeal is brought before the Paris court of appeal within one month of service of the judgment. The firm regularly pleads before these courts and knows the specialised chambers, their criteria and their timetables. This familiarity helps steer the pre-trial preparation phase and calibrate the procedural timetable.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Articles 1641 to 1649<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Urgent application for an expert assessment, Article 145<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/property-sale-litigation-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Property sale litigation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/compromis-de-vente-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Preliminary sale agreement<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/building-expert-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Building expert assessment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/ten-year-builders-liability-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Ten-year builder's liability<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's real estate practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 11 June 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A latent defect discovered? <em>Act today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Whether you are the buyer or the seller, the two-year period often decides the outcome of the case. Send the deed, the diagnostic reports and the records of the defects: the firm replies within 24 to 48 business hours.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is a latent defect in property?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A latent defect, within the meaning of Article 1641 of the Civil Code, is a defect in the thing sold that has three cumulative characteristics. First, it must be serious, that is, it must make the property unfit for its intended use or so reduce that use that the buyer would not have bought at the same price. Second, it must pre-date the sale, even if its effects only became apparent afterwards. Third, it must be hidden, that is, imperceptible to a normal and reasonable inspection at the time of the sale. Case law gives typical examples: concealed structural damp, foundation defects, long-standing dry rot, chronic water ingress masked by internal linings, undisclosed ground instability. A mere visible defect or non-compliance with the specification is not a latent defect: the defect must be serious, pre-existing and concealed. Proof rests on court-appointed expert assessment, which traces the technical origin and the chronology of the damage.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long do I have to act after discovering a latent defect?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 1648 of the Civil Code sets a period of two years from the discovery of the defect. This period is a time bar: once it has expired, the action is inadmissible, without examination of the merits. The starting point is the certain discovery of the defect, that is, precise knowledge of the defect in its full extent and consequences. Case law frequently takes the date of the court-appointed or informal expert report as the starting point, as these reports mark the point at which the technical knowledge was acquired. The period is interrupted by a writ of summons on the merits or for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure, and suspended for the duration of the expert operations. The two-year period sits within a twenty-year long-stop period running from the original sale: the Court of Cassation, 25 May 2022, held that the action cannot exceed this long-stop period, in accordance with Article 2232 of the Civil Code.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can I seek cancellation of the whole sale?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, under Article 1644 of the Civil Code. The action to cancel the sale (action r\u00e9dhibitoire) seeks the return of the property and the refund of the price: the sale is undone, the buyer recovers all the sums paid, and the seller takes back the property in its current condition. This route is preferred where the defect is so serious that it renders the property permanently unfit for its purpose, or where the repair works are impossible or disproportionate. Cancellation is accompanied by reimbursement of the notary's fees, the transfer costs and, if the seller is in bad faith or a professional, damages under Article 1645 of the Civil Code. The court checks the seriousness of the defect before ordering cancellation. In practice, judges grant it where the repair works exceed one third of the sale price, or where the nature of the defect (massive damp, structural instability) makes any adaptation of the property impossible.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the non-warranty clause always valid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. The non-warranty clause appears in almost all notarial deeds of sale between private individuals, under Article 1643 of the Civil Code. It cannot, however, be relied on in three situations. First, where the seller is a real estate or construction professional: the seller is deemed to know of the defects and the clause is ineffective. The Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation, 5 July 2023, confirmed this irrebuttable presumption. Second, where the seller is a building technician who carried out the works personally: the Third Civil Chamber, 15 June 2022, expressly so held. Finally, where the seller's bad faith is shown, that is, where the seller personally knew of the defect and concealed it. Conversely, the clause can be relied on against a professional buyer in the same field, according to the judgment of 4 March 2021 (No. 20-13.653).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I prove that the defect existed before the sale?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Prior existence of the defect is the most disputed condition. It is for the buyer to show that the defect existed, in embryonic form or in its cause, on the day the notarial deed of sale was signed. This proof rests on three pillars. First, the court-appointed or informal expert assessment, which identifies the technical origin of the defect and traces its chronology. A competent expert can date structural damp, old cracking or dry rot. Second, the technical diagnostic reports annexed to the deed of sale, which establish the condition of the property on the day of the transfer. An inadequate or silent diagnostic report does not clear the seller, but it is an indication. Third, the history of the property: previous claims, the seller's invoices for works, insurance correspondence, declarations to the town hall, neighbours' statements. Taken together, these elements convince the judges. The mere observation of a defect after the sale is never enough: proof of prior existence must be built, supported and technical. It is the heart of the case.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a court-appointed expert assessment compulsory?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"It is not formally compulsory but becomes indispensable in practice. A court-appointed expert assessment sought under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure makes it possible to establish the reality of the defect, its technical origin and its existence before the sale. Without an expert assessment, proof of the defect rests on the buyer's word alone, which is not enough to convince the court. The urgent application for an expert assessment is heard by the urgent applications judge of the judicial court, on the basis of a costed application. The order appoints a competent expert, sets the terms of reference and the deposit. The operations take place in the presence of the parties and their lawyers. The expert files a final report, which can then be produced in the proceedings on the merits. The cost of the expert assessment (between \u20ac3,000 and \u20ac15,000 depending on complexity) is advanced by the claimant, then recovered if successful. The urgent application takes four to eight weeks for the order, and six to eighteen months for the operations.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a professional seller rely on the non-warranty clause?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. A professional seller is irrebuttably presumed to know of the defects in the thing sold. This presumption has been established by case law for a very long time and was recently confirmed by the Commercial Chamber of the Court of Cassation, 5 July 2023, which expressly upholds its irrebuttable nature in light of Article 6, \u00a7 1, of the European Convention on Human Rights. A professional seller cannot prove good faith to escape the warranty. This presumption protects the buyer, who is regarded as less competent to assess the technical condition of the property. The Third Civil Chamber has extended this rule to a building technician who personally rebuilt the building: even if not a property dealer, the technician is treated as a professional seller and cannot rely on the non-warranty clause (Cass. 3e civ., 15 June 2022, No. 21-21.143). By contrast, where the buyer is itself a professional in the same field, the clause can be relied on again.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What does the action to reduce the price cover?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The action to reduce the price (action estimatoire), provided for in Article 1644 of the Civil Code, consists in keeping the property and having part of the price refunded. It is preferable to cancellation of the sale where the property remains usable after works and the loss in value can be quantified by expert assessment. The quantum is calculated by several methods: cost of the repair works, depreciation in market value, cumulative loss of use. The expert quantifies each item and the court decides. The action to reduce the price is preferred where the buyer has already fitted out the property and does not wish to return it, or where the works are disproportionate but the defect can be repaired. If the seller is in bad faith or a professional, damages are added to the price reduction: loss of enjoyment, non-material loss, expert fees. The price reduction is often the lever for negotiation: a settlement agreement at \u20ac30,000 or \u20ac50,000 can close the case quickly, with greater legal certainty than a judgment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the estate agent be sued jointly and severally?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, in certain conditions. An estate agent incurs contractual liability towards the client (buyer or seller) under the agency mandate. If the agent failed in the duty of advice, did not verify essential information, passed on incorrect information or took part in concealing the defect, the agent's liability may be pursued. In practice, judges find this liability where the agent personally knew of the previous claims (viewing, letters, information from neighbours) and did not warn the buyer. The order is generally made in solidum with the seller, which improves the overall solvency of the arrangement. The estate agent has professional insurance covering this liability. Proof of fault rests on letters, viewing reports and statements. Any mention in the mandate or in the preliminary sale agreement showing that the agent knew of the defect opens the way to a subsidiary action. The firm assesses this avenue in parallel with the main action against the seller.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the notary liable?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A notary incurs professional liability if the notary failed in the duty of advice. The notary must check the technical diagnostic reports annexed to the deed, warn of the legal risks of a manifestly abusive clause, and flag known claims mentioned in earlier deeds. If the notary drafted a non-warranty clause without warning the buyer of its scope, or omitted to mention a claim appearing in the seller's original deed of acquisition, the notary's liability may be engaged. Proof rests on the original of the deed, correspondence with the parties and a comparative analysis of the successive deeds. The order is made in solidum with the seller. The notary has compulsory professional insurance, which ensures solvency. Notarial liability is nonetheless hard to obtain: case law is demanding on proof of fault, and the notary can escape liability by showing that all reasonable diligence was carried out. An action against the notary remains a subsidiary lever, useful where the seller is insolvent or the case is limited by the non-warranty clause.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What can I do if the seller is insolvent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The seller's insolvency is a frequent difficulty, especially in sales between private individuals. Several levers exist. First, registration of a provisional judicial mortgage over the seller's property, sought from the enforcement judge, which secures any future judgment. Second, a subsidiary action against the estate agent or the notary, whose liability is covered by professional insurance. Third, an action under the ten-year builder's liability against the builders if the works were accepted less than ten years ago: the builders' liability is incurred as of right under Article 1792 of the Civil Code. Fourth, a settlement with the seller on the basis of a repayment schedule spread over time. Fifth, starting over-indebtedness proceedings if the seller is in difficulty with other creditors. The firm builds the solvency analysis into the initial note and steers the strategy accordingly: there is no point pursuing costly proceedings against a debtor with no assets.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much do latent defect proceedings cost?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The cost depends on the complexity of the case. There are three main items: lawyer's fees, court-appointed expert fees and legal costs. Lawyer's fees are generally between \u20ac5,000 and \u20ac15,000 for complete proceedings (urgent application for an expert assessment + writ of summons on the merits + oral argument), sometimes with a success-based element if the case succeeds. Court-appointed expert fees vary between \u20ac3,000 and \u20ac15,000 depending on complexity (deposit paid to the court registry, recoverable if successful). Legal costs (procedural costs) are quantified at the end of the proceedings and include the court registry, the bailiff and registration. If successful, the court may order the seller to pay the legal costs and a sum under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure, generally between \u20ac3,000 and \u20ac10,000. The economic balance is positive where the recoverable quantum exceeds \u20ac50,000. The firm prepares a detailed quotation at the start of the case and, where relevant, proposes a mixed fee (fixed fee + success element) to align interests.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the technical diagnostic report clear the seller?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not automatically. The technical diagnostic reports annexed to the deed of sale (energy performance, asbestos, lead, termites, parasites, gas, electricity) meet a statutory obligation to inform the buyer. A favourable report does not clear the seller of the latent defects warranty: it simply shifts the burden of proof. The buyer must show that the defect existed on the day of the sale, despite the report. Case law penalises inadequate or silent reports: a termite report that is silent on an infestation already active engages the liability of the property diagnostician in addition to that of the seller. Conversely, an alarming report that the buyer did not take into account weakens the buyer's claim: the buyer accepted the risk disclosed. The firm systematically analyses the diagnostic reports in the preliminary review phase. Where the reports are silent or contradict the reality found after the sale, the action can be extended to the property diagnosticians, which improves the overall solvency.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How is loss of enjoyment quantified?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Loss of enjoyment corresponds to the loss of use of the property during the period of the defects. It is quantified as a percentage of the theoretical rental value of the property, multiplied by the period during which use was affected. Widespread damp in the living room for twelve months may justify loss of enjoyment of 30 to 50 per cent of the monthly rental value, that is, several thousand euros. Proof rests on photographs, videos, statements and the expert report, which quantifies the duration of the defects. The court assesses the quantum at its sole discretion, but in practice aligns with the range put forward by the expert and the lawyer. Loss of enjoyment is added to the refund of the price (where the sale is cancelled) or to the reduction in the price (where the price is reduced), and is due only if the seller is in bad faith or a professional, under Article 1645 of the Civil Code. For a Paris property with a rental value of \u20ac4,000 a month, loss of enjoyment over 18 months can reach \u20ac25,000 to \u20ac35,000. This line of the quantum should not be neglected.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court has jurisdiction over latent defects in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Paris judicial court has jurisdiction over latent defect actions concerning property located in Paris. Subject-matter jurisdiction lies with the judicial court (with no ceiling), in accordance with Articles L. 211-3 et seq. of the Code of Judicial Organisation. The construction and real estate division handles the technical cases. Territorial jurisdiction follows from Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure: in real estate matters, the court of the place where the property is situated has jurisdiction. For a Paris property, this is therefore the Paris judicial court (Parvis du Tribunal de Paris, 75017). Representation by a lawyer is mandatory for actions on the merits. An appeal is brought before the Paris court of appeal within one month of service of the judgment. The firm regularly pleads before these courts and knows the specialised chambers, their criteria and their timetables. 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function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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A serious defect, existing before the sale and hidden: three cumulative conditions, and two years to act from discovery. As a latent defects lawyer in Paris, the firm builds the proof through expert assessment, chooses between [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1749113,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161065","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Latent Defects Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Latent defects lawyer Paris: Kohen Avocats builds the proof, acts within the two-year time bar and seeks cancellation or a price cut. 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