{"id":2161057,"date":"2025-11-11T22:46:59","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T21:46:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161057"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:56:44","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:56:44","slug":"residential-lease-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/residential-lease-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Residential lease lawyer in Paris: secure the lease, rent and exit"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161057\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161057 elementor-1748841\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v547be8 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v547be8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v547be8w elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v547be8w\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-1748841-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Residential leases \u2014 landlords and tenants<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Residential lease lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> secure the lease, rent and exit.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">The Law of 6 July 1989 is mandatory public policy: every clause, every notice to quit and every service-charge statement is subject to precise rules. The firm, a residential lease lawyer in Paris, audits the lease, checks Paris rent control and acts for landlords and tenants alike before the protection litigation judge.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\"><strong>A notice to quit must be challenged before the notice period ends.<\/strong> Send the lease and the notice without delay: first reading within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748841-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748841-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748841-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748841-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Residential lease \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Whether you are a landlord or a tenant, legal precision prevents most disputes. Send the lease, the inventory of condition and the latest letters: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours with a first reading and a strategy.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Residential lease in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>Residential lease: <em>what really decides the case<\/em><\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The legal framework<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>residential lease lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 real estate law and residential leases.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The residential lease is governed by the Law of 6 July 1989, which is mandatory public policy. Unlawful clauses under Article 4 are deemed unwritten, the dwelling must be decent throughout the lease, service charges must be proved by supporting documents and every notice to quit is subject to strict time limits and formalities. In Paris, rent is also capped. The right reflex: have a lawyer read the lease, the notice or the statement before acting.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A mandatory law<\/h3><p>Law No. 89-462 of 6 July 1989 applies to the parties as soon as the dwelling is the tenant's main residence. Any contrary clause is deemed unwritten, without invalidating the rest of the lease.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Capped rents in Paris<\/h3><p>The base rent may not exceed the increased reference rent set under the ELAN Law. A rent supplement is justified only by exceptional features.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Highly formal notices to quit<\/h3><p>One month's notice for the tenant in a tight-market area, six months and a mandatory ground for the landlord. An incomplete notice to quit for sale is null: the description of the property and the price must be accurate.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The framework<\/p>\n<h2>A mandatory law that prevails over <em>the contract<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure all residential lease litigation in Paris.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li><strong>The Law of 6 July 1989 is mandatory public policy<\/strong>: the parties may not derogate from it where the dwelling is the tenant's main residence.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Clauses prohibited by Article 4 are deemed unwritten<\/strong>: fees outside the decree, termination by operation of law other than for unpaid rent or failure to insure, a ban on association activity, visits imposed on public holidays.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The landlord must provide a decent dwelling throughout the lease<\/strong>: minimum floor area, fittings, safety, energy performance, absence of infestation (Article 6 of the Law and the decree of 30 January 2002).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>In Paris, rent is capped<\/strong>: increased reference rent, mandatory statement in the lease and a rent-reduction action open to the tenant.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The sanction of \"deemed unwritten\" strikes the clause without destroying the lease: the tenant may refuse to perform an unlawful obligation without risking termination, and a prudent landlord has sensitive clauses \u2014 indexation, joint liability, restrictions on use \u2014 audited before signing. On 16 May 2024 the Court of Cassation recalled that the obligation to provide a decent dwelling rests on the landlord even where defects appear during the lease, save in a case of force majeure (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6645a24c98cdd0000806503e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 16 May 2024, No. 23-12.438<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to provide, <em>depending on your role<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The quality of the file determines how quickly the analysis can be done. Each document has its own evidential purpose.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Landlord<\/p><ul><li>Signed lease with the mandatory annexes (energy performance certificate, risk statement, asbestos and lead file)<\/li><li>Entry inventory of condition and latest rent receipt<\/li><li>Proof of ownership and of authority to represent<\/li><li>Service-charge statements and supporting documents, minutes of general meetings where relevant<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Tenant<\/p><ul><li>Signed lease and entry inventory of condition<\/li><li>Reminder letters sent to the landlord, with proof of dispatch<\/li><li>Dated photographs of the defects, invoices, witness statements<\/li><li>Notice to quit received or sent, disputed service-charge statements<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Frequent mistakes: the landlord who fails to hand over the diagnostic reports at signing, the tenant who does not keep a copy of their letters.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles particular situations:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Guarantor and deed of surety<\/li><li>Family property holding company<\/li><li>Institutional landlord<\/li><li>Flat-share and joint liability<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">A four-step method, from the first reading to the outcome.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First contact and sending of the file<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Call or email to qualify the situation. Sending of the lease, letters and documents. First legal reading within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Audit of the lease and correspondence<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Review of sensitive clauses, check of rent control, analysis of the chain of letters, identification of missing documents.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Amicable or contentious strategy<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Formal notice drafted by the firm, direct negotiation, or referral to the protection litigation judge if the amicable route fails.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Follow-up to the outcome<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Representation at the hearing, settlement agreement, enforcement of the judgment, coordination with the court bailiff (commissaire de justice).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The right reflex: before signing or sending a letter that commits you, have your draft read. A clause adjusted in a few minutes avoids months of litigation.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The life of a lease, from signing to <em>return of the dwelling<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Typical stages and their time limits. The actual duration depends on the lease (unfurnished or furnished), the landlord and the area.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">J 0<\/p><p><strong>Signing.<\/strong> Lease signed, diagnostic reports handed over, security deposit collected, joint entry inventory of condition drawn up.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">First month<\/p><p>Time limit to serve formal notice on the landlord to state the reference rent if it is missing from the contract.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Every year<\/p><p>Reconciliation of service charges on supporting documents, possible rent revision according to the IRL (rent reference index).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Three-year anniversary<\/p><p>Tacit renewal of the unfurnished lease for three years. Landlord's notice to quit possible: six months' notice and a mandatory ground (repossession, sale, legitimate and serious ground).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Tenant's notice<\/p><p>One month in Paris, a tight-market area, at any time. Notification by registered letter, court bailiff's deed or hand delivery against a receipt.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Move-out and return of the deposit<\/p><p>Joint exit inventory of condition, then return of the deposit: one month if the inventory matches the entry inventory, two months otherwise. Beyond that, a penalty of 10% of the monthly rent for each month of delay.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No action is taken and nothing is drafted until these points have been checked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Formal regularity of the lease: particulars required by Article 3 of the 1989 Law, annexes, diagnostic reports, special clauses.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Compliance with the decent dwelling standard: floor area, fittings, electrical and gas safety, energy performance.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Paris rent control: applicable increased reference rent, possible rent supplement, mandatory particulars.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Timing and form of the notice to quit: method of notification, notice period, statement of grounds, reproduction of the mandatory paragraphs, price and conditions in the case of a notice to quit for sale.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Service charges: existence of supporting documents, whose availability must be proved (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fcaa12a525d61978ac85ea4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 21 December 2017, No. 16-25.686<\/a>).<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Security deposit: statutory amount, time limits for return, deductions justified by the inventory of condition.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly calibrate the priority and the procedural tool.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Unlawful clause spotted in the lease<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Signed lease, particulars required by Article 4 of the 1989 Law.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> No time limit, the objection can always be raised.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Application for a declaration that the clause is deemed unwritten, action for recovery of sums wrongly paid.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Dwelling with a defect<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Dated photographs, adversarial expert assessment, formal notice.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Within the month following the finding.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice to carry out works, urgent application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9) if urgent.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Rent above the increased reference rent<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Lease, prefectural order, rent observatory.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 1 month for the formal notice that precedes the court application.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice to state the reference rent, then action for rent reduction.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Service charges claimed without supporting documents<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Written request for reconciliation, no reply.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 3 years from the date the sum falls due.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Action for return of the advance payments made.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Notice to quit received without sufficient grounds<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Notice to quit, copy of the dispatch, lease referred to.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before the end of the notice period.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Writ of summons for nullity of the notice to quit before the protection litigation judge.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Security deposit not returned<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Entry and exit inventories of condition, bank details provided, formal notice.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 2 months after the keys are handed back.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice to return the deposit, then writ of summons.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The anonymised examples below illustrate the variety of situations handled in residential lease matters. The figures correspond to real cases but have been rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Tenant: \u20ac4,800 for a substandard dwelling<\/h3><p>Paris flat with water infiltration, mould and a faulty electrical installation. Formal notice left unanswered, adversarial expert assessment, action before the protection litigation judge. Compensation of \u20ac4,800 and an order for the landlord to carry out works, subject to a daily penalty.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: obligation to provide the dwelling, Article 6 of the 1989 Law. Result: compensation and works.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Landlord: \u20ac6,200 of service charges recovered over 3 years<\/h3><p>Landlord, a family property holding company (SCI), that had never carried out the annual reconciliation. Reconstruction of the service-charge statements over three financial years, supporting documents provided to the tenant, amicable negotiation, signing of a settlement agreement. \u20ac6,200 recovered without litigation.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: amicable reconciliation. Result: full recovery.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Indexation clause cancelled, \u20ac1,800 reduction<\/h3><p>Lease containing an indexation clause that excluded any fall in the index. Application for a declaration that the clause was deemed unwritten upheld, rent recalculated on the actual IRL, retroactive reduction of \u20ac1,800 over two years, repaid by the landlord.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: declaration that the clause is deemed unwritten. Result: retroactive rent reduction.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>residential leases<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Which clauses are prohibited in a residential lease in France?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Article 4 of the Law of 6 July 1989 lists clauses that are deemed unwritten. Prohibited clauses include in particular those requiring the tenant to sign a deed of surety in favour of an agent, to take out insurance with an insurer imposed by the landlord, to pay fees other than those set by decree, to allow visits to the premises on public holidays or non-working days, or to accept termination by operation of law for a reason other than non-payment, failure to insure or failure to enjoy the premises peacefully. The sanction is not nullity of the whole lease but the \"deemed unwritten\" status of the unlawful clause alone. A tenant who spots a disputed clause may either have the court declare it unenforceable, or refuse to perform the obligation in question without fear of termination.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>On what grounds can a landlord refuse a tenant's application?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The landlord has a freedom of choice, but it is limited by Article 1 of the 1989 Law and by the Law of 27 May 2008 on discrimination. The landlord may reject a candidate for objective reasons linked to solvency or to the coherence of the rental plan, but not on grounds of origin, family situation, sexual orientation, nationality, pregnancy, disability or any other protected personal characteristic. The decree of 5 November 2015 sets the exhaustive list of documents the landlord may request: proof of identity, proof of address, proof of income, employer's certificate. Requesting documents that are not listed exposes the landlord to penalties. A joint guarantor may be required but cannot be combined with unpaid-rent insurance. A tenant who feels discriminated against may bring a civil liability action and refer the matter to the Defender of Rights (D\u00e9fenseur des droits).<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the tenant's notice period in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The tenant's notice period is one month in Paris, which is classed as a tight-market area by the decree of 10 May 2013. The notice period is also reduced to one month outside tight-market areas in several cases listed in Article 15 I of the 1989 Law: obtaining a first job, a job transfer, loss of employment or new employment following a loss of employment, a state of health justifying a change of address, allocation of social housing, or entitlement to the RSA (active solidarity income) or the disabled adult allowance. Outside these cases, the standard notice period is three months. The notice period runs from the landlord's receipt of the notice, not from its dispatch. Notification must be by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt, court bailiff's deed (commissaire de justice) or hand delivery against a receipt. An email is not enough.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must the landlord provide diagnostic reports when the lease is signed?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. Article 3-3 of the 1989 Law and Article L. 271-4 of the Construction and Housing Code (Code de la construction et de l'habitation) require the landlord to attach a technical diagnostic file to the lease. This file includes: the energy performance certificate in force, the lead exposure risk report for dwellings built before 1949, the statement of natural, mining, technological and soil pollution risks, and the asbestos report for dwellings built before 1997. The electricity and gas reports are also mandatory for installations more than 15 years old. Failure to hand over the reports exposes the landlord to penalties and may justify a claim for damages by the tenant if loss is shown. For dwellings in Paris, the prefectural rent-control order and the statement of the increased reference rent complete these obligations.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does rent control work in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Rent control in Paris is governed, on an experimental basis, by Article 140 of the ELAN Law of 23 November 2018. The applicable prefectural order sets each year, by district and by category of dwelling, a reference rent, a reduced reference rent and an increased reference rent. The base rent may not exceed the increased reference rent, except for a rent supplement justified by exceptional features. These features must be objective and exceptional: a terrace, a panoramic view, exceptional ceiling height, very high-end fittings. The lease must state the reference rent and the increased reference rent. If the statement is missing, the tenant has one month to serve formal notice on the landlord to correct it. If there is no reply, the tenant may apply to the court for a rent reduction.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a lease be verbal?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>In theory yes, but it is strongly discouraged. Article 3 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides that the lease must be drawn up in writing, which makes a written lease mandatory in practice. A verbal lease is valid but raises countless evidential problems: amount of rent, duration, identity of the parties, recoverable charges, date of entry. A tenant who occupies a dwelling without a written lease keeps the protection of the 1989 Law, and may at any time require the landlord to regularise the position in writing. The landlord, for their part, cannot rely on the absence of a written lease to escape their legal obligations. In a dispute, it is almost always the landlord who bears the burden of proof, which makes a verbal lease very unfavourable to the landlord's position.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What can a tenant do if the landlord does not carry out repairs?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>There are several options depending on the nature of the works and the urgency. For works falling under the obligation to provide a decent dwelling, the tenant must first serve formal notice on the landlord by registered letter. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6645a24c98cdd0000806503e\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation held on 16 May 2024<\/a> that only force majeure can release the landlord from the obligation to provide a decent dwelling. If the formal notice has no effect, the tenant may apply to the protection litigation judge by urgent application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9) for an order to carry out works subject to a daily penalty, or on the merits for a rent reduction and damages. For urgent works threatening safety, the hour-to-hour urgent procedure allows a decision within a few days. Paying the rent into escrow is another route, which requires prior court authorisation.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a tenant repaint without the landlord's consent?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes for ordinary decorative work, no for work that transforms the premises. Article 7 of the Law of 6 July 1989 allows the tenant to fit out the dwelling and carry out improvement works at their own expense, provided the structure or layout of the premises is not altered. Painting, wallpaper, removable floor coverings, curtains and shelves fixed without structural work fall into this category. By contrast, knocking down a partition, altering a kitchen or bathroom, or moving an electrical socket requires the landlord's prior written consent. Without consent, the landlord may, at move-out, require restoration at the tenant's expense or keep the improvements without compensation. A prudent tenant asks for written consent before any work that might be classed as a transformation.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How much notice must a landlord give to end a lease?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The landlord may give notice to quit only at the end of the lease, with six months' notice for an unfurnished lease and three months for a furnished lease. The notice must state a ground: repossession of the dwelling to live in it, sale, or a legitimate and serious ground, in particular the tenant's failure to perform their obligations. A notice for repossession requires a genuine and serious intention to move into the dwelling, either for the landlord, their spouse, or a close relative on an exhaustive list. A notice to quit for sale amounts to an offer of sale to the tenant and must state the price and the conditions of the sale. The legitimate and serious ground must be documented: repeated unpaid rent, disturbance of quiet enjoyment, prohibited subletting. The tenant may challenge the notice before the protection litigation judge before the notice period expires. If the notice is annulled, the lease continues for a new term.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Are there rules on a notice to quit for sale?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, strict ones. Article 15 II of the 1989 Law sets the rules. A notice to quit for sale amounts to an offer of sale to the tenant during the first two months of the notice period. The notice must, on pain of nullity, state the price and the conditions of the planned sale. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca5a32def95d31001477a4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation held on 12 March 2020<\/a> that the notice must describe the whole of the property sold consistently with the lease, failing which it is null. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6079607f9ba5988459c496ab\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation clarified on 18 February 2009<\/a> that the first six paragraphs of Article 15 II may be reproduced in an annex that is expressly announced. If the tenant accepts the offer, the sale is concluded. If the tenant declines, they may leave at the end of the notice period. If the landlord then sells to a third party at a lower price or on more favourable terms, the landlord must notify those terms to the tenant, who then has a new right of pre-emption.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is a lease renewed in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A residential lease is renewed by tacit renewal at the end of the initial lease. No step is needed. An unfurnished lease is renewed for three years, a furnished lease for one year. As part of the renewal, the landlord may propose a rent revision if the rent is manifestly undervalued. The proposal must be notified to the tenant at least six months before the end of the lease and must be justified by rents for comparable dwellings. If the tenant accepts, the lease is renewed at the new rent. If the tenant refuses, the parties may refer the matter to the departmental conciliation commission and, failing agreement, to the protection litigation judge. In Paris, rent control caps the maximum increase at the applicable increased reference rent. A landlord who wishes to end the renewal has only one route, a notice to quit stating a ground, with six months' notice for an unfurnished lease.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a landlord revise the rent every year?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, provided the lease contains an indexation clause and that clause is valid. The annual revision is made according to the rent reference index (IRL) published each quarter by INSEE (the French national statistics institute). The clause must state the frequency, the base index and the applicable index. If there is no clause, the landlord cannot revise the rent. If the clause is defective, for example because it excludes any fall in the index, it may be declared unwritten. The revision is not automatic: the landlord must expressly request it, by registered letter or by a note on the rent receipt. The revision takes effect from the date of the request, without retroactive effect. If it has not been requested within one year of the revision date, the landlord is deemed to have waived it for the past year, under Article 17-1 of the 1989 Law. The tenant may challenge an excessive revision by applying to the conciliation commission and then to the judge.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which charges can be recovered from the tenant?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The decree of 26 August 1987 sets the exhaustive list of recoverable charges. Recoverable items are the cost of routine maintenance of common parts, cold water, collective hot water, collective heating, household waste, lift maintenance, cleaning of common parts, minor repairs, and caretaker costs up to 75% of the salary where the caretaker performs both the cleaning and refuse-removal duties. Not recoverable are major works, the managing agent's fees, the building's insurance premiums and the association's legal costs. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fcaa12a525d61978ac85ea4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation recalled on 21 December 2017<\/a> that the landlord must be able to keep the supporting documents available for the tenant, failing which the reconciliation may be challenged. The reconciliation is annual. After three years, the reconciliation is time-barred and advance payments made without justification may be returned.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the IRL mandatory for the rent revision?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. Since the Law of 26 July 2005, the rent reference index (IRL) is the only index that can be used for the annual revision of a residential rent. Any indexation clause providing for another index, for example the construction cost index, has no effect for residential leases. The IRL is published each quarter by INSEE and is calculated on the twelve-month average of the change in consumer prices excluding tobacco and rents. The revision takes place on the anniversary date of the lease. The formula is: new rent = old rent \u00d7 (IRL of the lease's reference quarter \/ IRL of the same quarter the previous year). If the lease does not specify the reference quarter, the last IRL published before signing applies. A landlord who does not express the wish to revise the rent within one year of the revision date is deemed to have waived it for the past year; if the landlord requests it within that period, the revision takes effect from the date of the request, under Article 17-1.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court has jurisdiction over residential lease disputes in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The protection litigation judge at the Paris judicial court has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes relating to residential leases, under Article L. 213-4-3 of the Judicial Organisation Code (Code de l'organisation judiciaire). Its jurisdiction covers unpaid rent, disputes over charges, disturbance of quiet enjoyment, challenges to notices to quit, actions for return of the security deposit, requests for time to pay and requests for performance of the obligation to provide the dwelling. The case is brought by writ of summons for claims on the merits and by petition for certain specific applications. Representation by a lawyer is not mandatory but is strongly advised. An appeal is available for disputes above \u20ac5,000 and lies to the Paris court of appeal. For commercial and professional leases, the president of the judicial court has jurisdiction in urgent proceedings and the civil chamber on the merits, which is a different subject.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/LEGITEXT000006069108\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/LEGITEXT000006069108\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Law No. 89-462 of 6 July 1989<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">the mandatory public-policy text on residential leases<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">French Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">general law of letting and hiring<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/eviction-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Eviction of tenants<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/rent-recovery-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Rent recovery<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/security-deposit-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Security deposit<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/quiet-enjoyment-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Disturbance of quiet enjoyment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/lease-termination-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Termination of a lease<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's real estate practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 11 June 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A lease, a notice, a dispute? Have it read <em>before you act<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Whether you are a landlord or a tenant, legal precision prevents most disputes. Send the lease, the inventory of condition and the latest letters: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours with a first reading and a strategy.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which clauses are prohibited in a residential lease in France?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 4 of the Law of 6 July 1989 lists clauses that are deemed unwritten. Prohibited clauses include in particular those requiring the tenant to sign a deed of surety in favour of an agent, to take out insurance with an insurer imposed by the landlord, to pay fees other than those set by decree, to allow visits to the premises on public holidays or non-working days, or to accept termination by operation of law for a reason other than non-payment, failure to insure or failure to enjoy the premises peacefully. The sanction is not nullity of the whole lease but the \\\"deemed unwritten\\\" status of the unlawful clause alone. A tenant who spots a disputed clause may either have the court declare it unenforceable, or refuse to perform the obligation in question without fear of termination.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"On what grounds can a landlord refuse a tenant's application?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The landlord has a freedom of choice, but it is limited by Article 1 of the 1989 Law and by the Law of 27 May 2008 on discrimination. The landlord may reject a candidate for objective reasons linked to solvency or to the coherence of the rental plan, but not on grounds of origin, family situation, sexual orientation, nationality, pregnancy, disability or any other protected personal characteristic. The decree of 5 November 2015 sets the exhaustive list of documents the landlord may request: proof of identity, proof of address, proof of income, employer's certificate. Requesting documents that are not listed exposes the landlord to penalties. A joint guarantor may be required but cannot be combined with unpaid-rent insurance. A tenant who feels discriminated against may bring a civil liability action and refer the matter to the Defender of Rights (D\u00e9fenseur des droits).\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the tenant's notice period in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The tenant's notice period is one month in Paris, which is classed as a tight-market area by the decree of 10 May 2013. The notice period is also reduced to one month outside tight-market areas in several cases listed in Article 15 I of the 1989 Law: obtaining a first job, a job transfer, loss of employment or new employment following a loss of employment, a state of health justifying a change of address, allocation of social housing, or entitlement to the RSA (active solidarity income) or the disabled adult allowance. Outside these cases, the standard notice period is three months. The notice period runs from the landlord's receipt of the notice, not from its dispatch. Notification must be by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt, court bailiff's deed (commissaire de justice) or hand delivery against a receipt. An email is not enough.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must the landlord provide diagnostic reports when the lease is signed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Article 3-3 of the 1989 Law and Article L. 271-4 of the Construction and Housing Code (Code de la construction et de l'habitation) require the landlord to attach a technical diagnostic file to the lease. This file includes: the energy performance certificate in force, the lead exposure risk report for dwellings built before 1949, the statement of natural, mining, technological and soil pollution risks, and the asbestos report for dwellings built before 1997. The electricity and gas reports are also mandatory for installations more than 15 years old. Failure to hand over the reports exposes the landlord to penalties and may justify a claim for damages by the tenant if loss is shown. For dwellings in Paris, the prefectural rent-control order and the statement of the increased reference rent complete these obligations.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does rent control work in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Rent control in Paris is governed, on an experimental basis, by Article 140 of the ELAN Law of 23 November 2018. The applicable prefectural order sets each year, by district and by category of dwelling, a reference rent, a reduced reference rent and an increased reference rent. The base rent may not exceed the increased reference rent, except for a rent supplement justified by exceptional features. These features must be objective and exceptional: a terrace, a panoramic view, exceptional ceiling height, very high-end fittings. The lease must state the reference rent and the increased reference rent. If the statement is missing, the tenant has one month to serve formal notice on the landlord to correct it. If there is no reply, the tenant may apply to the court for a rent reduction.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a lease be verbal?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"In theory yes, but it is strongly discouraged. Article 3 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides that the lease must be drawn up in writing, which makes a written lease mandatory in practice. A verbal lease is valid but raises countless evidential problems: amount of rent, duration, identity of the parties, recoverable charges, date of entry. A tenant who occupies a dwelling without a written lease keeps the protection of the 1989 Law, and may at any time require the landlord to regularise the position in writing. The landlord, for their part, cannot rely on the absence of a written lease to escape their legal obligations. In a dispute, it is almost always the landlord who bears the burden of proof, which makes a verbal lease very unfavourable to the landlord's position.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What can a tenant do if the landlord does not carry out repairs?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"There are several options depending on the nature of the works and the urgency. For works falling under the obligation to provide a decent dwelling, the tenant must first serve formal notice on the landlord by registered letter. The Court of Cassation held on 16 May 2024 that only force majeure can release the landlord from the obligation to provide a decent dwelling. If the formal notice has no effect, the tenant may apply to the protection litigation judge by urgent application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9) for an order to carry out works subject to a daily penalty, or on the merits for a rent reduction and damages. For urgent works threatening safety, the hour-to-hour urgent procedure allows a decision within a few days. Paying the rent into escrow is another route, which requires prior court authorisation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a tenant repaint without the landlord's consent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes for ordinary decorative work, no for work that transforms the premises. Article 7 of the Law of 6 July 1989 allows the tenant to fit out the dwelling and carry out improvement works at their own expense, provided the structure or layout of the premises is not altered. Painting, wallpaper, removable floor coverings, curtains and shelves fixed without structural work fall into this category. By contrast, knocking down a partition, altering a kitchen or bathroom, or moving an electrical socket requires the landlord's prior written consent. Without consent, the landlord may, at move-out, require restoration at the tenant's expense or keep the improvements without compensation. A prudent tenant asks for written consent before any work that might be classed as a transformation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much notice must a landlord give to end a lease?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The landlord may give notice to quit only at the end of the lease, with six months' notice for an unfurnished lease and three months for a furnished lease. The notice must state a ground: repossession of the dwelling to live in it, sale, or a legitimate and serious ground, in particular the tenant's failure to perform their obligations. A notice for repossession requires a genuine and serious intention to move into the dwelling, either for the landlord, their spouse, or a close relative on an exhaustive list. A notice to quit for sale amounts to an offer of sale to the tenant and must state the price and the conditions of the sale. The legitimate and serious ground must be documented: repeated unpaid rent, disturbance of quiet enjoyment, prohibited subletting. The tenant may challenge the notice before the protection litigation judge before the notice period expires. If the notice is annulled, the lease continues for a new term.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Are there rules on a notice to quit for sale?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, strict ones. Article 15 II of the 1989 Law sets the rules. A notice to quit for sale amounts to an offer of sale to the tenant during the first two months of the notice period. The notice must, on pain of nullity, state the price and the conditions of the planned sale. The Court of Cassation held on 12 March 2020 that the notice must describe the whole of the property sold consistently with the lease, failing which it is null. The Court of Cassation clarified on 18 February 2009 that the first six paragraphs of Article 15 II may be reproduced in an annex that is expressly announced. If the tenant accepts the offer, the sale is concluded. If the tenant declines, they may leave at the end of the notice period. If the landlord then sells to a third party at a lower price or on more favourable terms, the landlord must notify those terms to the tenant, who then has a new right of pre-emption.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How is a lease renewed in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A residential lease is renewed by tacit renewal at the end of the initial lease. No step is needed. An unfurnished lease is renewed for three years, a furnished lease for one year. As part of the renewal, the landlord may propose a rent revision if the rent is manifestly undervalued. The proposal must be notified to the tenant at least six months before the end of the lease and must be justified by rents for comparable dwellings. If the tenant accepts, the lease is renewed at the new rent. If the tenant refuses, the parties may refer the matter to the departmental conciliation commission and, failing agreement, to the protection litigation judge. In Paris, rent control caps the maximum increase at the applicable increased reference rent. A landlord who wishes to end the renewal has only one route, a notice to quit stating a ground, with six months' notice for an unfurnished lease.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a landlord revise the rent every year?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, provided the lease contains an indexation clause and that clause is valid. The annual revision is made according to the rent reference index (IRL) published each quarter by INSEE (the French national statistics institute). The clause must state the frequency, the base index and the applicable index. If there is no clause, the landlord cannot revise the rent. If the clause is defective, for example because it excludes any fall in the index, it may be declared unwritten. The revision is not automatic: the landlord must expressly request it, by registered letter or by a note on the rent receipt. The revision takes effect from the date of the request, without retroactive effect. If it has not been requested within one year of the revision date, the landlord is deemed to have waived it for the past year, under Article 17-1 of the 1989 Law. The tenant may challenge an excessive revision by applying to the conciliation commission and then to the judge.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which charges can be recovered from the tenant?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The decree of 26 August 1987 sets the exhaustive list of recoverable charges. Recoverable items are the cost of routine maintenance of common parts, cold water, collective hot water, collective heating, household waste, lift maintenance, cleaning of common parts, minor repairs, and caretaker costs up to 75% of the salary where the caretaker performs both the cleaning and refuse-removal duties. Not recoverable are major works, the managing agent's fees, the building's insurance premiums and the association's legal costs. The Court of Cassation recalled on 21 December 2017 that the landlord must be able to keep the supporting documents available for the tenant, failing which the reconciliation may be challenged. The reconciliation is annual. After three years, the reconciliation is time-barred and advance payments made without justification may be returned.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the IRL mandatory for the rent revision?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Since the Law of 26 July 2005, the rent reference index (IRL) is the only index that can be used for the annual revision of a residential rent. Any indexation clause providing for another index, for example the construction cost index, has no effect for residential leases. The IRL is published each quarter by INSEE and is calculated on the twelve-month average of the change in consumer prices excluding tobacco and rents. The revision takes place on the anniversary date of the lease. The formula is: new rent = old rent \u00d7 (IRL of the lease's reference quarter \/ IRL of the same quarter the previous year). If the lease does not specify the reference quarter, the last IRL published before signing applies. A landlord who does not express the wish to revise the rent within one year of the revision date is deemed to have waived it for the past year; if the landlord requests it within that period, the revision takes effect from the date of the request, under Article 17-1.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court has jurisdiction over residential lease disputes in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The protection litigation judge at the Paris judicial court has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes relating to residential leases, under Article L. 213-4-3 of the Judicial Organisation Code (Code de l'organisation judiciaire). Its jurisdiction covers unpaid rent, disputes over charges, disturbance of quiet enjoyment, challenges to notices to quit, actions for return of the security deposit, requests for time to pay and requests for performance of the obligation to provide the dwelling. The case is brought by writ of summons for claims on the merits and by petition for certain specific applications. Representation by a lawyer is not mandatory but is strongly advised. An appeal is available for disputes above \u20ac5,000 and lies to the Paris court of appeal. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156454 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156454 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156454 post-2156454 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/france-storm-boelo-evacuated-building-peril-rent-insurance-foreign-owners-guide\/\">Storm Boelo in Paris: Foreign Owners&#8217; Guide to Evacuated Buildings, Safety Orders, Rent and Insurance Claims<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155861 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155861 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155861 post-2155861 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/23\/france-nonresident-selling-capital-gains-tax-representative-secure-sale-guide\/\">Selling French Property as a Non-Resident: Capital Gains Tax, the Tax Representative and How to Secure the Sale<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155776 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155776 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/giammarco-boscaro-eWpBNXRHfTI-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155776 post-2155776 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/23\/france-company-buyer-no-cooling-off-deposit-exits-foreign-investors-guide\/\">Buying French Property Through a Company (SCI, SARL, Foreign Ltd): No Cooling-Off Period, Deposit Rules and Exit Routes for Foreign Investors<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155009 post-2155009 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/22\/france-colocation-flatshare-rules-joint-lease-liability-deposit-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Renting Your Paris Flat to Sharers: French Flatsharing (Colocation) Rules Foreign Landlords Must Master<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/aleix-ventayol-yPoM-wmzKMM-unsplash-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154137 post-2154137 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-wrong-dpe-energy-rating-foreign-buyers-remedies-diagnostiqueur-guide\/\">Your French DPE Was Wrong: Diagnostiqueur Liability, Price Reduction and Rental-Ban Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-1-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154054 post-2154054 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-viager-buying-foreign-buyers-bouquet-rente-occupied-free-remedies-guide\/\">Buying a Viager in France: Occupied vs Free, Bouquet and Rente Calculation, and Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/annie-spratt-GWCvnsMtiBg-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2153925 post-2153925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-evict-tenant-unpaid-rent-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Tenant Stopped Paying Rent in France: How a Foreign Landlord Terminates the Lease and Recovers the Flat<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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