{"id":2161051,"date":"2025-11-12T12:35:00","date_gmt":"2025-11-12T11:35:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161051"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:11:11","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:11:11","slug":"works-acceptance-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/works-acceptance-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Works acceptance lawyer in Paris: snags, warranties and liability"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161051\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161051 elementor-1749067\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5976c8 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5976c8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5976c8w elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5976c8w\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-1749067-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Acceptance of works \u2014 project owners and contractors<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Works acceptance<\/em> lawyer in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> snags, warranties and liability.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Acceptance is the central act of a construction project: it releases the balance of the price, starts the three statutory warranties and extinguishes apparent defects that were not noted. As a works acceptance lawyer in Paris, the firm prepares the acceptance, drafts the snag list and defends you when acceptance is disputed.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">Acceptance signed without snags noted extinguishes apparent defects: the preparatory inspection and the snag sheet are completed before the minutes are signed, never afterwards.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749067-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749067-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749067-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1749067-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Acceptance of works \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Project owner, contractor or architect: send the contract, the schedule and the photographs so that the minutes can be prepared \u2014 or or to challenge the one already signed. Reply within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The effects<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>works acceptance lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th arrondissement<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 acceptance, snags and construction warranties.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Acceptance is pronounced in the presence of both parties, at the request of the more diligent party, either by agreement or by the court as provided by Article 1792-6 of the French Civil Code (Code civil). It is express when recorded in minutes, but it may also be tacit: taking possession and paying for the works give rise to a presumption of an unequivocal intention to accept. A refusal to accept must be objective and proportionate \u2014 unfinished works, major defects, compromised safety \u2014 failing which the court may order acceptance and award damages. Apparent defects that were not noted are extinguished, unless they are characterised as latent or as ten-year defects.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Four cascading effects<\/h3><p>Completion of the works contract, release of the balance, starting point of the statutory warranties, extinction of apparent defects not noted: the date of acceptance governs everything (Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Snags that must be properly drafted<\/h3><p>Precise, descriptive, located: a vague snag loses its force. Snags trigger the one-year completion warranty and are the basis for having a defaulting contractor's work completed at its cost and risk.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Tacit acceptance, a double-edged sword<\/h3><p>Taking possession and paying give rise to a presumption of an intention to accept \u2014 but payment where defects are known and disputed does not amount to tacit acceptance.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The effects<\/p>\n<h2>The act from which <em>everything flows<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure the acceptance of works.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Acceptance is the act by which the project owner declares that it accepts the work, with or without snags, pronounced in the presence of both parties (Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code).<\/li>\n  <li>Tacit acceptance is presumed from taking possession and paying for the works (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca71a93a47785d9aa91510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 18 April 2019, No. 18-13.734<\/a>); full payment of a work package together with taking possession gives rise to a presumption (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca797db65b4267968f32b4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>The presumption falls away where the intention to accept is equivocal<\/strong>: payment where defects are known and disputed does not amount to tacit acceptance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/61372315cd58014677405316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 17 June 1998, No. 96-13.048<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Acceptance without snags extinguishes apparent defects<\/strong>: a visible defect that was not noted can no longer be relied on, save in cases of fraud or where the defect is characterised as latent \u2014 the assessment is made by reference to a normally diligent project owner.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Refusal of acceptance is justified by unfinished works, major defects or compromised safety; it must be objective, reasoned and proportionate, otherwise the contractor obtains judicial acceptance and damages. The date of acceptance \u2014 express or tacit \u2014 sets the starting point of the one-year completion warranty, the two-year warranty and the ten-year liability: it must be documented with care.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to gather depending on <em>your position<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The date and content of the minutes carry ten years of warranties.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Project owner<\/p><ul><li>Signed contract, accepted quotes, detailed schedule<\/li><li>Site meeting reports and photographs before acceptance<\/li><li>Letters noting snags and insurance certificates<\/li><li>Acceptance minutes and handwritten annexes<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Contractor<\/p><ul><li>Contract, quotes and variations, invoices issued<\/li><li>Schedules met and letters from the project owner<\/li><li>Formal request for acceptance sent<\/li><li>Attendance records for the site<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: undated photographs and letters; acceptance signed without snags despite visible defects; minutes and handwritten snags not kept.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Judicial acceptance<\/li><li>Clearing of snags<\/li><li>Completion at the contractor's cost and risk<\/li><li>One-year completion warranty<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The quality of the acceptance decides the outcome of the case for the following ten years.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First discussion and sending of documents<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Contract, schedule, letters, site photographs: first legal review within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Preparing the acceptance<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Check of compliance with the schedule, technical points of attention, acceptance sheet listing the snags to be raised.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Assistance at the acceptance meeting<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Attendance or advice during the joint inspection, drafting of precise snags, signature or reasoned refusal depending on the condition of the work.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>After acceptance<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Follow-up of the clearing of snags, formal notices, completion at the defaulting contractor's cost and risk, warranty litigation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>On the challenging side: characterising tacit acceptance and its exact date \u2014 the issue is often the limitation period for the action.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline of a <em>well-run<\/em> acceptance<\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From notification of completion to the clearing of snags.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">End of works<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> The contractor notifies completion and proposes an acceptance date, ideally by registered letter.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Preparatory inspection<\/p><p><strong>Day 5 to Day 10.<\/strong> Inspection with the architect or a private expert, chronological photographs of each room.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Joint inspection<\/p><p><strong>Day 15.<\/strong> Meeting on site, room-by-room examination, drafting of precise snags in the minutes.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Signature or refusal<\/p><p>Signature with or without snags, or an objective, reasoned refusal if the work is not in a condition to be accepted.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceptance + 1 year<\/p><p>One-year completion warranty covering the snags and the defects notified within the year; formal notice, then completion at the contractor's cost and risk.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceptance + 2 and + 10 years<\/p><p>Two-year warranty on separable equipment, ten-year liability for serious defects.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No action before these points have been checked.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Existence and date of acceptance: express minutes or tacit acceptance by possession and payment.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Content of the snags: precision, location, enforceability against the contractor.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Whether the defects were apparent or latent on the day of acceptance.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Timetable for clearing the snags and formal notices served.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Justification for a refusal of acceptance: objective, reasoned, proportionate.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Warranty periods still to run from the date adopted.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly calibrate the priority and the procedural weapon.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Imminent acceptance with apparent defects<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Dated photographs, contract, site meeting reports.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before the minutes are signed.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> List the precise snags, with the possible assistance of a private expert.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Acceptance signed without snags, apparent defects discovered afterwards<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Chronological photographs, remedial quotes, meeting reports.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> As early as possible, before the one-year limitation period expires.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Look for a latent or ten-year characterisation; otherwise the act extinguishes the defects.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>No minutes, taking possession and payment<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Proof of payment, letters, taking of possession.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Calculated from the last event.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Establishing tacit acceptance, calculating the ten-year period.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Refusal of acceptance disputed by the contractor<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Contract, schedule, photographs of the condition of the work.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> As soon as possible.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Judicial acceptance before the judicial court (tribunal judiciaire).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Snags not cleared after one year<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Acceptance minutes, formal notices, letters.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> During the one-year completion warranty.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Works carried out at the cost and risk of the defaulting contractor.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Defect discovered 9 years after acceptance<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Photographs, quotes, technical certificate, date of acceptance.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before the ten-year period expires.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Urgent application for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the French Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile), action under the ten-year builder's liability.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Practical cases from the firm<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The anonymised examples below illustrate the variety of situations handled. The figures correspond to real cases but have been rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Tacit acceptance upheld, project owner's claim dismissed<\/h3><p>Renovation of a Paris flat without acceptance minutes. Contract of \u20ac75,000 paid in full, possession actually taken. The court finds tacit acceptance from taking possession and full payment of the balance, and sets the date at the last event. The project owner brought proceedings 11 years later; the action was declared time-barred.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: characterisation of tacit acceptance. Outcome: contractor cleared of ten-year liability.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Precise snags, release of \u20ac12,200 retention<\/h3><p>Acceptance of a major renovation with 23 precise snags listed in the minutes: badly laid tiles, long cracks, electrical defects, unpointed skirting boards. After formal notice, the contractor refuses to carry out the remedial work. Works carried out at the contractor's cost and risk by a second contractor. Release of a \u20ac12,200 retention obtained.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Article 1792-6, paragraph 4 of the Civil Code. Outcome: remedial work done and retention released.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Refusal of acceptance justified by 8 major defects<\/h3><p>New house delivered with 8 documented major defects: failing waterproofing, windows not compliant with the DTU (technical standards), uninsulated floor, poorly partitioned rooms. The project owner refuses acceptance. The contractor applies to the court for judicial acceptance. The judge records the condition of the work and confirms the refusal; a second set of minutes follows once the defects are remedied.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: judicial acceptance unfavourable to the contractor. Outcome: full remedial work before a new acceptance.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>acceptance of works<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What is acceptance of works?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Acceptance is the act by which the project owner declares that it accepts the work, with or without snags. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code<\/a> provides that it <q>takes place at the request of the more diligent party, either by agreement or, failing that, by the court<\/q> and that it is <q>in any event, pronounced in the presence of both parties<\/q> (our translation).<\/p><p>In practice, it takes the form of minutes signed by the project owner and the contractor, which may list snags or be signed without any. Acceptance may also be tacit, where the project owner's conduct shows an unequivocal intention to accept the work. It is the central act of construction law: it triggers the statutory warranties and starts the time limits running.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What are the legal effects of acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Acceptance has four main effects. First, it marks the completion of the works contract and releases the balance of the works price. Second, it is the starting point of the three statutory warranties: completion (one year), proper functioning (two years) and ten-year liability (ten years). Third, it extinguishes apparent defects that were not noted, which can no longer be invoked under the builders' liability regime save in the particular case of fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation (dol).<\/p><p>Fourth, it transfers custody of the work from the builder to the project owner, which is decisive for insurance. The date of acceptance is both a starting point and an end point: before it, the builder is bound by an obligation to achieve a result as to completion and conformity; after it, liability arises only under the conditions and within the periods of the statutory warranties.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How should snags be worded?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Snags must be listed in the acceptance minutes, precisely and descriptively. They identify the location, the nature of the defect observed and, where appropriate, the remedial work expected. A snag worded in general terms (<q>finishing work to be redone<\/q>) will be harder to enforce than a detailed one (<q>long cracks in the north-east corner of the living room, badly pointed skirting boards on the south wall, two cracked tiles in the bathroom<\/q>).<\/p><p>Precision determines scope. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">one-year completion warranty<\/a> covers the defects flagged by snags in the minutes or by later written notification. The project owner may also annex a photographic file to the minutes, sign an addendum detailing the remedial work and set a deadline for its completion. Signing an acceptance without snags amounts to a waiver of the right to rely on defects that were apparent on the day of acceptance, other than ten-year and proper-functioning defects.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is tacit acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Tacit acceptance is acceptance resulting from unequivocal conduct by the project owner showing an intention to accept the work, without any minutes having been signed. The Third Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation has set the test: taking possession of the work and paying for it give rise to a presumption of the project owner's unequivocal intention to accept it, with or without snags (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca71a93a47785d9aa91510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 18 April 2019, No. 18-13.734<\/a>, published in the Bulletin).<\/p><p>The Court has also held that <q>completion of the whole of the work is not a condition for taking possession of a package and for its acceptance<\/q> and that <q>payment of the entire price of the works of a package and its taking of possession by the project owner give rise to a presumption of tacit acceptance<\/q> (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca797db65b4267968f32b4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197<\/a>, published in the Bulletin). The presumption is rebuttable: it can be overturned by proof of a contrary intention, for example if the project owner has consistently disputed the quality of the works and made express reservations.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the project owner refuse acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, where the work is not in a condition to be accepted. The project owner may refuse acceptance if the works are unfinished, if major defects make the work unfit for its intended purpose, or if the safety of the occupants is compromised. The refusal must be objective, reasoned and proportionate to the defects observed. An abusive refusal, that is, one based on minor or non-existent defects, exposes the project owner to a claim for judicial acceptance and to damages.<\/p><p>In practice, if the refusal persists, the builder may apply to the court for judicial acceptance. The judge then pronounces acceptance, possibly with snags, by reference to the technical condition of the work and the conclusions of an expert. For the project owner, the most prudent course with a partly defective work is often acceptance with precise snags rather than an outright refusal.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long is there to clear the snags?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code<\/a> does not set a single mandatory time limit. The text provides that <q>the time needed to carry out the remedial work is fixed by mutual agreement between the project owner and the contractor concerned<\/q> (our translation). In practice, contracts generally provide for a period for clearing snags within the weeks or months following acceptance, sometimes 30 to 90 days depending on the nature of the works.<\/p><p>The issue lies in the sanction. The text continues: <q>failing such agreement or if the work is not carried out within the set period, the work may, after a formal notice that has remained unsuccessful, be carried out at the cost and risk of the defaulting contractor<\/q> (our translation). The one-year completion warranty runs for one year from acceptance and requires the contractor to remedy the defects noted as snags or notified in writing within that year. Actual clearing must be recorded by agreement or, failing that, by the court.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does full payment amount to acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Full payment of the works does not, on its own, amount to acceptance. But combined with taking possession, it gives rise to a presumption of the project owner's unequivocal intention to accept the work. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca71a93a47785d9aa91510\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Third Civil Chamber held on 18 April 2019<\/a> that taking possession of the work and paying for the works give rise to a presumption of that intention. This statutory presumption requires the judge to apply it, absent proof to the contrary.<\/p><p>Where taking possession and payment are spread over time, the date adopted for tacit acceptance is that of the last, latest event. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca28ccc8c4b77eec00da3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Third Civil Chamber confirmed this rule on 12 November 2020<\/a> in a case where possession was taken in September 2005 and full payment was made on 26 May 2006: the date of tacit acceptance was set at 26 May 2006.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does taking possession amount to acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Taking possession alone is generally not enough to establish acceptance. A body of evidence showing the project owner's unequivocal intention is required: taking possession, payment, absence of express snags, possibly upkeep of the premises or use in line with the intended purpose. In an older decision, the Third Civil Chamber held that taking possession accompanied by the most express reservations about known defects does not amount to tacit acceptance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/61372315cd58014677405316\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 17 June 1998, No. 96-13.048<\/a>).<\/p><p>The presumption established by case law since 2019, however, reverses the burden of proof: where taking possession is combined with full payment, a project owner who disputes acceptance must prove a contrary intention (for example through regular letters of protest, bailiff's reports on the defects, or referral to a private expert). To avoid the debate, it is better to sign precise minutes, whether with or without snags.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which defects should be flagged at acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>All apparent defects must be flagged in the minutes in the form of snags. Acceptance without snags extinguishes the defects that were apparent on the day of acceptance: they can no longer be invoked under the builder's contractual liability, save in the particular case of fraudulent misrepresentation (dol). Typically concerned are visible cracks, finishing defects, deviations from the plans or the specifications of the contract, and aesthetic imperfections.<\/p><p>Whether a defect is apparent or latent is assessed by reference to a normally diligent project owner, at the precise time of acceptance. Damage is apparent if not only its visible manifestation but also its causes and consequences were foreseeable. Latent defects, or those not yet revealed at acceptance, remain covered by the ten-year liability or the proper-functioning warranty depending on their nature. For more on classification, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-defects-lawyer\/\">our page on construction defects<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the architect sign the minutes?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, where the architect has been given a site supervision brief. The architect, as project manager for the execution of the works, assists the project owner at the acceptance meeting, advises on the snags to be raised and signs the minutes in an assisting capacity. The signature engages the architect's professional duty of advice: an architect who fails to flag an apparent defect at the time of acceptance may be held liable jointly and severally (in solidum) with the contractor.<\/p><p>The architect's absence from the acceptance meeting is itself a problem. A project owner who pronounces acceptance without the project manager risks missing technical defects that only a professional can identify. If the assistance brief is provided for in the contract, an architect absent without legitimate reason may incur liability. The presence of all the parties at the minutes is a good practice that proves decisive in later litigation.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What if the contractor does not remedy the snags?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code<\/a> lays down the procedure: <q>failing such agreement or if the work is not carried out within the set period, the work may, after a formal notice that has remained unsuccessful, be carried out at the cost and risk of the defaulting contractor<\/q> (our translation). The project owner must therefore first serve a written formal notice, by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt, setting a reasonable period for the remedial work.<\/p><p>If the formal notice has no effect, the project owner may have the work carried out by another contractor, at the cost and risk of the defaulting contractor. Prudence calls for having the non-performance recorded by a bailiff before the second contractor steps in, and for keeping quotes, invoices and photographs from before and after the remedial work. The project owner may then apply to the court for reimbursement of the sums incurred, in addition, where applicable, to compensation for loss of enjoyment and costs. Retention money, if provided for, may be drawn on.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the one-year completion warranty run after snags are noted?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. The one-year completion warranty runs for one year from acceptance and, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code<\/a>, covers the defects flagged <q>by means of snags noted in the acceptance minutes, or by written notification for those revealed after acceptance<\/q> (our translation). The warranty rests on the contractor who carried out the works concerned.<\/p><p>This warranty is distinct from the ten-year liability. It covers all defects, even minor ones, flagged during the year following acceptance. Ten-year liability covers only defects that compromise the solidity of the work or make it unfit for its intended purpose. The two warranties can overlap: the same defect, flagged within the year, may fall under both the completion warranty and ten-year liability if it is serious enough. The clearing of snags must be recorded, by agreement or by the court.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the time limit for ten-year defects?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017055\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000019017055\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792-4-1 of the Civil Code<\/a> provides that any person whose liability may be engaged under Articles 1792 to 1792-4 <q>is discharged from the liabilities and warranties weighing on them, under Articles 1792 to 1792-2, after ten years from acceptance of the works<\/q> (our translation). The starting point is the date of acceptance, express or tacit.<\/p><p>The stakes are decisive. A defect revealed 9 years and 11 months after acceptance remains covered by ten-year liability; a defect revealed 10 years and one month after acceptance is time-barred. The project owner must anticipate the limitation period: notify the claim to the building-damage insurer where applicable, have the defects recorded by a bailiff, and serve an urgent application for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure to interrupt the period. To go further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/ten-year-builders-liability-lawyer\/\">our page on ten-year builder's liability<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can an expert attend the acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, and it is even recommended for complex sites or high-stakes operations. The project owner may appoint a private technical expert (architect, engineering consultancy, expert registered with a court of appeal) to assist at the acceptance meeting. The expert draws up a detailed report, identifies the apparent defects, proposes precise snags and measures their technical impact.<\/p><p>Their presence, separate from that of the architect who supervised the site, provides an independent analysis that can be relied on against the other parties. In later litigation, the report and the recommendation sheet on the snags to be raised may be put before the court and support the characterisation of the defects. The cost of a private expert, generally between \u20ac800 and \u20ac2,500 for a home acceptance, is a preventive investment that avoids disputes that are often more costly. To go further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/building-expert-lawyer\/\">our page on building expert assessment<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court has jurisdiction in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The Paris judicial court has jurisdiction over acceptance disputes where the building is located in Paris. The rule of territorial jurisdiction rests, in real property matters, on the location of the building. For an urgent application for an expert assessment, where the measure concerns a building, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000051869339\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a> requires the court of the place where the building is located.<\/p><p>For sites in the inner suburbs, the judicial court of Bobigny, Cr\u00e9teil, Nanterre or Versailles may have jurisdiction depending on the municipality. The firm, based at <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\">11 rue Margueritte 75017 Paris<\/a>, regularly pleads before all of these courts and coordinates court-appointed expert assessments throughout the jurisdiction of the Paris court of appeal. For sensitive operations, anticipating territorial jurisdiction from the contract stage makes it possible to arrange, where appropriate, a valid jurisdiction clause between traders.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Articles 1792 to 1792-6<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-law-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Construction law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-defects-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Construction defects<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/ten-year-builders-liability-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Ten-year builder's liability<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/off-plan-purchase-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Off-plan sale (VEFA)<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/building-expert-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Building expert assessment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 11 June 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>Acceptance to secure? <em>Act today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Project owner, contractor or architect: send the contract, the schedule and the photographs so that the minutes can be prepared \u2014 or or to challenge the one already signed. Reply within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is acceptance of works?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Acceptance is the act by which the project owner declares that it accepts the work, with or without snags. Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code provides that it takes place at the request of the more diligent party, either by agreement or, failing that, by the court and that it is in any event, pronounced in the presence of both parties. In practice, it takes the form of minutes signed by the project owner and the contractor, which may list snags or be signed without any. Acceptance may also be tacit, where the project owner's conduct shows an unequivocal intention to accept the work. It is the central act of construction law: it triggers the statutory warranties and starts the time limits running.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What are the legal effects of acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Acceptance has four main effects. First, it marks the completion of the works contract and releases the balance of the works price. Second, it is the starting point of the three statutory warranties: completion (one year), proper functioning (two years) and ten-year liability (ten years). Third, it extinguishes apparent defects that were not noted, which can no longer be invoked under the builders' liability regime save in the particular case of fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation (dol). Fourth, it transfers custody of the work from the builder to the project owner, which is decisive for insurance. The date of acceptance is both a starting point and an end point: before it, the builder is bound by an obligation to achieve a result as to completion and conformity; after it, liability arises only under the conditions and within the periods of the statutory warranties.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How should snags be worded?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Snags must be listed in the acceptance minutes, precisely and descriptively. They identify the location, the nature of the defect observed and, where appropriate, the remedial work expected. A snag worded in general terms (finishing work to be redone) will be harder to enforce than a detailed one (long cracks in the north-east corner of the living room, badly pointed skirting boards on the south wall, two cracked tiles in the bathroom). Precision determines scope. The one-year completion warranty covers the defects flagged by snags in the minutes or by later written notification. The project owner may also annex a photographic file to the minutes, sign an addendum detailing the remedial work and set a deadline for its completion. Signing an acceptance without snags amounts to a waiver of the right to rely on defects that were apparent on the day of acceptance, other than ten-year and proper-functioning defects.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is tacit acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Tacit acceptance is acceptance resulting from unequivocal conduct by the project owner showing an intention to accept the work, without any minutes having been signed. The Third Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation has set the test: taking possession of the work and paying for it give rise to a presumption of the project owner's unequivocal intention to accept it, with or without snags (Cass. 3e civ., 18 April 2019, No. 18-13.734, published in the Bulletin). The Court has also held that completion of the whole of the work is not a condition for taking possession of a package and for its acceptance and that payment of the entire price of the works of a package and its taking of possession by the project owner give rise to a presumption of tacit acceptance (Cass. 3e civ., 30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197, published in the Bulletin). The presumption is rebuttable: it can be overturned by proof of a contrary intention, for example if the project owner has consistently disputed the quality of the works and made express reservations.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the project owner refuse acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, where the work is not in a condition to be accepted. The project owner may refuse acceptance if the works are unfinished, if major defects make the work unfit for its intended purpose, or if the safety of the occupants is compromised. The refusal must be objective, reasoned and proportionate to the defects observed. An abusive refusal, that is, one based on minor or non-existent defects, exposes the project owner to a claim for judicial acceptance and to damages. In practice, if the refusal persists, the builder may apply to the court for judicial acceptance. The judge then pronounces acceptance, possibly with snags, by reference to the technical condition of the work and the conclusions of an expert. For the project owner, the most prudent course with a partly defective work is often acceptance with precise snags rather than an outright refusal.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long is there to clear the snags?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code does not set a single mandatory time limit. The text provides that the time needed to carry out the remedial work is fixed by mutual agreement between the project owner and the contractor concerned. In practice, contracts generally provide for a period for clearing snags within the weeks or months following acceptance, sometimes 30 to 90 days depending on the nature of the works. The issue lies in the sanction. The text continues: failing such agreement or if the work is not carried out within the set period, the work may, after a formal notice that has remained unsuccessful, be carried out at the cost and risk of the defaulting contractor. The one-year completion warranty runs for one year from acceptance and requires the contractor to remedy the defects noted as snags or notified in writing within that year. Actual clearing must be recorded by agreement or, failing that, by the court.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does full payment amount to acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Full payment of the works does not, on its own, amount to acceptance. But combined with taking possession, it gives rise to a presumption of the project owner's unequivocal intention to accept the work. The Third Civil Chamber held on 18 April 2019 that taking possession of the work and paying for the works give rise to a presumption of that intention. This statutory presumption requires the judge to apply it, absent proof to the contrary. Where taking possession and payment are spread over time, the date adopted for tacit acceptance is that of the last, latest event. The Third Civil Chamber confirmed this rule on 12 November 2020 in a case where possession was taken in September 2005 and full payment was made on 26 May 2006: the date of tacit acceptance was set at 26 May 2006.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does taking possession amount to acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Taking possession alone is generally not enough to establish acceptance. A body of evidence showing the project owner's unequivocal intention is required: taking possession, payment, absence of express snags, possibly upkeep of the premises or use in line with the intended purpose. In an older decision, the Third Civil Chamber held that taking possession accompanied by the most express reservations about known defects does not amount to tacit acceptance (Cass. 3e civ., 17 June 1998, No. 96-13.048). The presumption established by case law since 2019, however, reverses the burden of proof: where taking possession is combined with full payment, a project owner who disputes acceptance must prove a contrary intention (for example through regular letters of protest, bailiff's reports on the defects, or referral to a private expert). To avoid the debate, it is better to sign precise minutes, whether with or without snags.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which defects should be flagged at acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"All apparent defects must be flagged in the minutes in the form of snags. Acceptance without snags extinguishes the defects that were apparent on the day of acceptance: they can no longer be invoked under the builder's contractual liability, save in the particular case of fraudulent misrepresentation (dol). Typically concerned are visible cracks, finishing defects, deviations from the plans or the specifications of the contract, and aesthetic imperfections. Whether a defect is apparent or latent is assessed by reference to a normally diligent project owner, at the precise time of acceptance. Damage is apparent if not only its visible manifestation but also its causes and consequences were foreseeable. Latent defects, or those not yet revealed at acceptance, remain covered by the ten-year liability or the proper-functioning warranty depending on their nature. For more on classification, see our page on construction defects.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the architect sign the minutes?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, where the architect has been given a site supervision brief. The architect, as project manager for the execution of the works, assists the project owner at the acceptance meeting, advises on the snags to be raised and signs the minutes in an assisting capacity. The signature engages the architect's professional duty of advice: an architect who fails to flag an apparent defect at the time of acceptance may be held liable jointly and severally (in solidum) with the contractor. The architect's absence from the acceptance meeting is itself a problem. A project owner who pronounces acceptance without the project manager risks missing technical defects that only a professional can identify. If the assistance brief is provided for in the contract, an architect absent without legitimate reason may incur liability. The presence of all the parties at the minutes is a good practice that proves decisive in later litigation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What if the contractor does not remedy the snags?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code lays down the procedure: failing such agreement or if the work is not carried out within the set period, the work may, after a formal notice that has remained unsuccessful, be carried out at the cost and risk of the defaulting contractor. The project owner must therefore first serve a written formal notice, by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt, setting a reasonable period for the remedial work. If the formal notice has no effect, the project owner may have the work carried out by another contractor, at the cost and risk of the defaulting contractor. Prudence calls for having the non-performance recorded by a bailiff before the second contractor steps in, and for keeping quotes, invoices and photographs from before and after the remedial work. The project owner may then apply to the court for reimbursement of the sums incurred, in addition, where applicable, to compensation for loss of enjoyment and costs. Retention money, if provided for, may be drawn on.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the one-year completion warranty run after snags are noted?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. The one-year completion warranty runs for one year from acceptance and, under Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code, covers the defects flagged by means of snags noted in the acceptance minutes, or by written notification for those revealed after acceptance. The warranty rests on the contractor who carried out the works concerned. This warranty is distinct from the ten-year liability. It covers all defects, even minor ones, flagged during the year following acceptance. Ten-year liability covers only defects that compromise the solidity of the work or make it unfit for its intended purpose. The two warranties can overlap: the same defect, flagged within the year, may fall under both the completion warranty and ten-year liability if it is serious enough. The clearing of snags must be recorded, by agreement or by the court.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the time limit for ten-year defects?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 1792-4-1 of the Civil Code provides that any person whose liability may be engaged under Articles 1792 to 1792-4 is discharged from the liabilities and warranties weighing on them, under Articles 1792 to 1792-2, after ten years from acceptance of the works. The starting point is the date of acceptance, express or tacit. The stakes are decisive. A defect revealed 9 years and 11 months after acceptance remains covered by ten-year liability; a defect revealed 10 years and one month after acceptance is time-barred. The project owner must anticipate the limitation period: notify the claim to the building-damage insurer where applicable, have the defects recorded by a bailiff, and serve an urgent application for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure to interrupt the period. To go further, see our page on ten-year builder's liability.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can an expert attend the acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, and it is even recommended for complex sites or high-stakes operations. The project owner may appoint a private technical expert (architect, engineering consultancy, expert registered with a court of appeal) to assist at the acceptance meeting. The expert draws up a detailed report, identifies the apparent defects, proposes precise snags and measures their technical impact. Their presence, separate from that of the architect who supervised the site, provides an independent analysis that can be relied on against the other parties. In later litigation, the report and the recommendation sheet on the snags to be raised may be put before the court and support the characterisation of the defects. The cost of a private expert, generally between \u20ac800 and \u20ac2,500 for a home acceptance, is a preventive investment that avoids disputes that are often more costly. To go further, see our page on building expert assessment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court has jurisdiction in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Paris judicial court has jurisdiction over acceptance disputes where the building is located in Paris. The rule of territorial jurisdiction rests, in real property matters, on the location of the building. For an urgent application for an expert assessment, where the measure concerns a building, Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure requires the court of the place where the building is located. For sites in the inner suburbs, the judicial court of Bobigny, Cr\u00e9teil, Nanterre or Versailles may have jurisdiction depending on the municipality. The firm, based at 11 rue Margueritte 75017 Paris, regularly pleads before all of these courts and coordinates court-appointed expert assessments throughout the jurisdiction of the Paris court of appeal. For sensitive operations, anticipating territorial jurisdiction from the contract stage makes it possible to arrange, where appropriate, a valid jurisdiction clause between traders.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Works acceptance lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/works-acceptance-lawyer\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, 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Acceptance is the central act of a construction project: it releases the balance of the price, starts the three statutory warranties and extinguishes apparent defects that were not noted. As a works acceptance lawyer in Paris, the firm [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1748851,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161051","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Works Acceptance Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Works acceptance lawyer Paris: snags, tacit acceptance and ten-year warranties handled before you sign. Reply in 24 to 48 hours. Call the firm.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/works-acceptance-lawyer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Works Acceptance Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Works acceptance lawyer Paris: snags, tacit acceptance and ten-year warranties handled before you sign. Reply in 24 to 48 hours. 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