{"id":2161047,"date":"2025-11-12T00:04:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T23:04:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161047"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:56:19","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:56:19","slug":"co-ownership-charges-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/co-ownership-charges-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Co-ownership charges lawyer in Paris: challenge, recover and allocate"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161047\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161047 elementor-1748996\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5242ae e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v5242ae\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v5242aew elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v5242aew\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-1748996-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Co-ownership charges \u2014 co-owners and managing agents<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Co-ownership charges<\/em> lawyer in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> challenge, recover and allocate.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">A co-ownership charges lawyer in Paris starts from the allocation key: general charges follow the co-owners' share values (tanti\u00e8mes), special charges follow objective utility, and a non-compliant key is deemed unwritten, with no time limit. For the managing agent, the recovery toolkit \u2014 acceleration of payment, statutory priority and the statutory mortgage \u2014 is what makes payment fast.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">A co-owner may challenge the key at any time (clause deemed unwritten), but can recover overpayments only within the five-year limitation period: every year of waiting costs money.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748996-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748996-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748996-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748996-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Co-ownership charges \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Whether you are an objecting co-owner or a managing agent seeking recovery, the allocation key and the limitation period decide the case. Send the co-ownership regulations, the statements of account and the minutes \u2014 reply within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-s1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-s1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Division description<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>co-ownership charges lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 co-ownership, charges and recovery.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The allocation key is checked against Article 10: relative values for general charges, objective utility for special charges \u2014 a flat-rate split between lots of differing utility is non-compliant. An action to have a clause deemed unwritten has no time limit, while refunds are limited to five years. On the recovery side: formal notice, acceleration after thirty days (Article 19-2), statutory priority and the statutory mortgage. The budget is voted at the general meeting and may be challenged within two months of the minutes.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Two families of charges<\/h3><p>General charges \u2014 conservation, maintenance, administration \u2014 are allocated by the relative values of the lots; special charges \u2014 lift, heating, equipment \u2014 are allocated by objective utility to each lot (Article 10 of the Law of 10 July 1965).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A non-compliant key falls<\/h3><p>An allocation contrary to Article 10 is deemed unwritten (Article 43): the action is open without any time limit, while the refund of overpayments remains limited to five years.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A well-armed recovery<\/h3><p>Formal notice, acceleration under Article 19-2 after thirty days, special statutory priority over the property, statutory mortgage: the association recovers quickly when the procedure is properly handled.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>The key first, <em>then recovery<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure charges disputes.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>General charges follow the relative values of the private parts, special charges follow the objective utility of each lot (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043977284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043977284\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 10 of the Law of 10 July 1965<\/a>): splitting lift charges in equal shares between lots on different floors is contrary to the utility criterion (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca7091c468a05c4aab5ec4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 9 May 2019, No. 18-17.334<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>A non-compliant key is deemed unwritten (Article 43)<\/strong>: any co-owner or the association may, at any time, have the non-compliance recorded and obtain a new allocation (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca4731af6750a4d42a30f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 10 September 2020, No. 19-17.045<\/a>), while the refund of overpayments remains limited to five years.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Unpaid charges trigger the association's toolkit<\/strong>: formal notice, acceleration of all advance payments after thirty days (Article 19-2), statutory priority over the property, statutory mortgage.<\/li>\n  <li>The provisional budget is voted at the general meeting (Article 14-1) and may be challenged by the dissenting or absent co-owner within two months of notification of the minutes (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039329680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039329680\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 42<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Incorrect share values distort both the voting majorities and each co-owner's share of charges: they are corrected either by a new allocation or by an action to have the clause deemed unwritten, depending on the source of the error. On the recovery side, form matters as much as substance: a notice of objection on the sale price that is wrongly itemised causes the claims to lose their priority and super-priority status (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607979ec9ba5988459c4a0a5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 27 November 2013, No. 12-25.824<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send depending on <em>your role<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The co-ownership regulations and the division description underpin the whole analysis.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Co-owner<\/p><ul><li>Complete co-ownership regulations with the division description<\/li><li>Latest calls for funds and approved annual statements of account<\/li><li>Minutes of the last three general meetings<\/li><li>Weighting grid for special charges and lot plans<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Managing agent<\/p><ul><li>Formal notices served and acknowledgements of receipt<\/li><li>Individual accounts of the defaulting co-owner<\/li><li>Minutes approving the accounts and the budget<\/li><li>Statement of security interests: statutory priority, statutory mortgage<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: forgetting to ask for the weighting grid for special charges; letting the five-year limitation period for refunds run.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also uses:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Simplified procedure under Article 19-2<\/li><li>Notice of objection on the sale price (Article 20)<\/li><li>Statutory mortgage (Article 19-1)<\/li><li>Court-ordered reallocation<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The audit of the key determines the legal basis; the limitation period determines the amount.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First exchange and sending the file<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Regulations, statements of account, minutes: first legal reading within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Audit of the key or of the claim<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Compliance with Article 10 for the co-owner; certainty of the claim, limitation period and security interests for the managing agent.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>The right procedure<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Deemed unwritten and new allocation for the co-owner; acceleration of payment, proceedings on the merits or simplified proceedings, statutory priority and mortgage for the association.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Enforcement<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Refund of overpayments, effective recovery, notice of objection on the sale price where the lot is transferred.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Acceleration under Article 19-2 makes all the advance payments of the financial year due once a formal notice has gone unanswered for thirty days: the managing agent's fastest weapon.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline <em>of a recovery<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From default to payment, from the association's side.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Default<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> Advance payment unpaid on its due date: written reminder, calculation of the debt, individual account.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Formal notice<\/p><p><strong>Day 30 to Day 45.<\/strong> Registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt: thirty-day period, consequences of acceleration.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceleration<\/p><p><strong>Day 75.<\/strong> Without payment, all the advance payments for the financial year become due (Article 19-2).<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Procedure<\/p><p>Writ of summons on the merits or suitable procedure; registration of the statutory priority or mortgage if necessary.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Judgment<\/p><p>Judgment for the principal, interest and costs; enforcement against the debtor's assets.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Transfer of the lot<\/p><p>Notice of objection on the sale price served on the notary (Article 20): priority payment of the association.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No action before these points are validated.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Compliance of the key with Article 10: relative values or objective utility depending on the charge.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Regularity of the calls for funds: budget voted, majority, notification of the minutes.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Share values: consistency of the division description with the reality of the lots.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Managing agent's side: certainty of the claim, regular formal notices, limitation period.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Available security interests: statutory priority over the property, statutory mortgage, Article 20 objection.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Amount: refunds limited to five years, interest and costs recoverable.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-s1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-s1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Division description<\/p>\n<h2>\u201cLegal\u201d column and \u201ccharges\u201d column: <em>what to check<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The \u201clegal\u201d column shows the ownership shares attached to the lot in the common parts; the \u201ccharges\u201d column shows its contribution to a category of expenditure. They can therefore differ. Their method of calculation must be compared with the co-ownership regulations: relative values of the private parts for general charges, objective utility of the lot for shared services and common equipment.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">If the discrepancy comes from the division description or an amendment to it, the strategy is not the same as for a simple challenge to a call for funds: the regulations, plans, minutes and calls for funds must be gathered, then a choice made between rectification, an action to have the clause deemed unwritten, or a claim for a refund. For practical detail, see our analysis of <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/2026\/06\/18\/etat-descriptif-division-charges-copropriete-mauvais-tantiemes-recours-2026\/\">the division description and co-ownership charges<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly calibrate the priority and the procedural tool.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Share challenged by the co-owner<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Co-ownership regulations, division description, plans, weighting grid.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> No limitation period (clause deemed unwritten, Article 43).<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Action to have the clause deemed unwritten, request for a new allocation by the judge.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Lift charges on the ground floor<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Plan of the lot, certificate that the lift does not serve the ground floor, regulations.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> No limitation period.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Request to have the clause deemed unwritten based on Cass. 3e civ. 9 May 2019.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Rent unpaid for more than 30 days<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Formal notice served, acknowledgement of receipt, individual accounts.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Acceleration under Article 19-2 effective after 30 days.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Simplified procedure under Article 19-2 before the president of the judicial court.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Upcoming sale of the defaulting lot<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Notice of transfer received from the notary, accounts broken down by category.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 15 days after receipt of the notice.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Notice of objection on the sale price under Article 20, precise statement of the 4 categories.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Old charges (more than 2 years)<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Statements broken down by financial year, formal notice, reminder letters.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Five-year limitation period, Article 42 para. 1.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Registration of the statutory mortgage under Article 19-1, writ of summons on the merits.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Error in share values after division<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Deed of division, amended division description, no vote at the general meeting.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> No limitation period if not submitted to the general meeting.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Action to have the clause deemed unwritten under Article 43, new allocation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The anonymised examples below illustrate the range of situations handled. The figures correspond to real cases but have been rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Co-owner recovers \u20ac8,400 over 5 years after the key is reclassified<\/h3><p>Lot on the ground floor of a Paris building with a lift. Charges split in equal shares since 1985. Action to have the clause deemed unwritten based on Article 10. New allocation ordered and overpayments refunded within the five-year limitation period.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: clause deemed unwritten + refund. Result: \u20ac8,400 reimbursed.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Association recovers \u20ac23,600 through the simplified Article 19-2 procedure<\/h3><p>Co-owner in default for three financial years, total debt of \u20ac23,600 including acceleration of payment. Formal notice under Article 19-2, expiry of the 30-day period, writ of summons before the president of the judicial court. Judgment obtained in six months, enforced by compulsory execution.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Article 19-2 procedure + attachment. Result: full recovery plus costs.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Statutory mortgage registered, forced sale avoided by agreement<\/h3><p>Co-owner owing \u20ac18,000 over four years and refusing to sell. Statutory mortgage registered on the lot under Article 19-1. Under pressure from the registration, a settlement agreement was signed, a 24-month payment schedule was respected and the mortgage was released at the end.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: statutory mortgage + settlement. Result: amicable recovery, sale avoided.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>co-ownership charges<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>How do I challenge my share of the co-ownership charges?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The challenge starts with an analysis of the co-ownership regulations and the division description. The co-owner first checks whether the allocation key for the disputed charge meets the test in Article 10 of the Law of 10 July 1965: relative values of the private parts for general charges, objective utility for special charges. If the key is non-compliant, an action to have it deemed unwritten under Article 43 is open at any time, with no time limit. The Court of Cassation has confirmed that <q>any co-owner or the co-owners' association may, at any time, have the non-compliance with Article 10, first paragraph, recorded<\/q> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca4731af6750a4d42a30f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 10 September 2020, No. 19-17.045<\/a>, published in the Bulletin) (our translation). The judge declares the clause unwritten and makes a new, compliant allocation. The refund of overpayments is then limited by the five-year limitation period in Article 42, paragraph 1.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What limitation period applies to the association's recovery?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Since the Law of 23 November 2018, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039329680\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039329680\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 42, paragraph 1, of the Law of 10 July 1965<\/a> makes the provisions of Article 2224 of the Civil Code applicable to <q>personal actions relating to the co-ownership between co-owners or between a co-owner and the association<\/q> (our translation), that is, a five-year limitation period. Before that reform, the period was ten years. The period runs from the date each call for funds falls due. For charges that fell due before the 2018 law came into force, the total duration may not exceed ten years. The association must therefore act within five years of each unpaid instalment, failing which the claim is time-barred by limitation. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/60794ce19ba5988459c475c7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation held on 17 November 1999<\/a> that an action to recover charges, which are undetermined and variable, is a personal action arising from the application of the 1965 law and is governed by the special limitation rule in Article 42. A formal notice, a writ of summons and an acknowledgement of debt interrupt the limitation period.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the association's statutory mortgage?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The statutory mortgage is a security over property provided for in Article 19-1 of the Law of 10 July 1965. The co-owners' association may have a mortgage registered on the lot of the defaulting co-owner to secure payment of the charges and works referred to in Articles 10 and 30. Registration is ordered by the judge or voluntarily consented to. It ranks among the security interests according to its date of registration. The statutory mortgage remains in place as long as the debt is unpaid, and burdens the lot regardless of changes of owner. For the defaulting co-owner, registration blocks any future sale or requires prior settlement of the arrears. This security is subsidiary to the special statutory priority over the property in Article 2374, 1\u00b0 bis of the French Civil Code (Code civil), which ranks first for the charges of the current year and the last two years due. For older charges, the statutory mortgage takes over by securing payment.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the managing agent seize my bank accounts?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, but only after obtaining an enforceable title. Seizure of a bank account requires a final judgment ordering the co-owner to pay, or a decision enforceable on a provisional basis. The managing agent cannot seize directly, on its own initiative. The usual procedure begins with a formal notice under Article 19-2, followed by a writ of summons before the judicial court (ordinary procedure or accelerated procedure under Article 19-2). Once judgment has been obtained and served, the managing agent may have a garnishment order (saisie-attribution) levied on the debtor's account by a court commissioner. The account is frozen for the sum due, plus costs. The co-owner has one month to challenge it before the enforcement judge. After that, the funds are paid over to the managing agent. The seizure cannot exceed the sum due, and certain income remains unseizable (RSA, family allowances, minimum living allowance). For large sums, real property seizure of the lot remains the ultimate weapon.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I read the allocation key in my regulations?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The allocation key appears in the division description annexed to the co-ownership regulations. It is presented in tables giving, for each lot, the number of share values (tanti\u00e8mes) attributed for each category of charges. Share values are expressed in thousandths, ten-thousandths or hundred-thousandths depending on the precision adopted. The sum of the share values of all the lots in a category must equal the total provided for (1,000 thousandths or 10,000 ten-thousandths). For general charges, the share values reflect the relative values of the private parts. For special charges (lift, heating, water), the share values reflect the objective utility of the equipment for the lot. The legal check consists in verifying that the weighting is consistent with the actual situation of the lot. A uniform grid between lots whose utility differs is suspect. A weighting that ignores the floor for lift charges is, in principle, contrary to Article 10. The firm offers a full audit of the regulations and the division description within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is a special charge and what does objective utility mean?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Special charges relate to shared services and common equipment in the building: lift, collective heating, collective hot water, mechanical ventilation, shared aerial, caretaking, air conditioning, parking access. Article 10 of the Law of 10 July 1965 requires an allocation <q>according to the objective utility<\/q> that these services offer to each lot (our translation). Objective utility is the theoretical utility derived from the physical situation of the lot, regardless of actual use. A co-owner who never uses the lift is nevertheless liable for the charges if the lift serves their floor: only theoretical utility counts. Conversely, a co-owner whose lot is not served by the equipment (ground floor for the lift, unheated lot for collective heating) may obtain an exemption or a minimal weighting. The weighting grid must reflect this difference. A uniform allocation between lots of differing utility is contrary to Article 10, as the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca7091c468a05c4aab5ec4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation held on 9 May 2019 (No. 18-17.334)<\/a>, published in the Bulletin.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can I be exempted from lift charges on the ground floor?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Full exemption is rare, but a minimal weighting is legally justified. A co-owner on the ground floor whose lot is not served by the lift may argue that the equipment has no objective utility for their lot. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca7091c468a05c4aab5ec4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation held that splitting lift charges in equal shares between lots on different floors is contrary to the utility criterion<\/a> (Cass. 3e civ., 9 May 2019, No. 18-17.334, published in the Bulletin). The judge may therefore declare the uniform allocation clause unwritten and make a new, weighted allocation. A typical weighting gives zero or a minimal share value to an unserved ground floor, and increases progressively with the floor. If the ground floor is served by the lift (for example, direct access or a lot with a basement part), a reduced but non-zero weighting applies. The analysis requires reading the plans and checking how the equipment actually serves the lot. The firm carries out this check from the first analysis of the file.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What can I do if the voted budget is absurd?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The dissenting or absent co-owner has two months from notification of the minutes to challenge the resolution adopting the budget, under Article 42, paragraph 2. After that, an action to annul the vote is time-barred. During that period, a writ of summons before the Paris judicial court may seek annulment for a procedural defect (late notice of meeting, incomplete agenda) or for an erroneous majority. If the period has passed, the budget is definitively enforceable. The co-owner may nonetheless raise the point by way of defence when the managing agent sues for payment of the calls for funds: they may then plead the illegality of the resolution on which the call is based, provided that illegality is itself open to challenge. For gaps between the voted budget and actual spending, Article 14-1 requires the managing agent to present a detailed statement of expenditure. A significant overrun may justify an urgent application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9) for the appointment of an expert under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile). The co-owners' council, in its supervisory role, should raise the alarm before the vote so that the co-owners are not shut out by the fixed time limit.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I challenge a regularisation of charges?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The annual regularisation of charges takes place when the accounts are approved at the general meeting. The dissenting or absent co-owner may challenge the resolution approving the accounts within the two-month period in Article 42, paragraph 2. The challenge may concern the calculation of the charges, their allocation to a specific lot or the justification of certain expenses. At the stage of challenging individual calls, the co-owner may raise the lack of supporting documents, inconsistency with the voted budget, or application of a non-compliant allocation key. On this last point, an action to have the clause deemed unwritten under Article 43 remains open at any time. The co-owner may therefore act simultaneously to annul the resolution approving the accounts (two-month period) and to have the underlying key deemed unwritten (no limitation period). The twin action makes it possible to call overpayments into question within the five-year limitation period.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What time limit applies to an action over an error in share values?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The regime depends on the nature of the error. Where the initial share values are contrary to Article 10 (wrong valuation, a lot overlooked, calculation error), an action to have the clause deemed unwritten under Article 43 is open at any time. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca4731af6750a4d42a30f9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation held on 10 September 2020 (No. 19-17.045)<\/a>, published in the Bulletin, that an action to have an allocation clause recorded as unwritten is not subject to limitation. Where the error results from a general meeting decision (for example, an amendment not properly voted by the double majority in Article 26), the dissenting or absent co-owner has two months from notification of the minutes to challenge the resolution. Where the error results from a notarial amending deed made without approval of the meeting (the typical case being the division of a lot), the same Court of Cassation has held that an allocation not submitted to the meeting may be declared unwritten, without any time limit. The firm recommends reacting as soon as the error is discovered, without waiting, to preserve evidence and limit the accumulated financial consequences.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the statutory mortgage rank ahead of the bank?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The rule is nuanced. The association's special statutory priority over the property under Article 2374, 1\u00b0 bis of the Civil Code ranks ahead of other creditors, including the bank, but only for the charges of the current year and the last two years due. For those sums, the association has super-priority and is paid first out of the sale price of the lot. For older charges, the statutory mortgage under Article 19-1 takes over: it ranks according to its date of registration. If the association's statutory mortgage is registered before the bank's contractual mortgage, it ranks ahead. If it is registered afterwards, it ranks behind. The association can therefore maximise its protection by registering a statutory mortgage promptly once the debt is established, rather than waiting. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607979ec9ba5988459c4a0a5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Court of Cassation held on 27 November 2013 (No. 12-25.824)<\/a>, published in the Bulletin, that a notice of objection that is wrongly itemised causes the claims to lose their priority status, so that they become merely mortgage-secured or unsecured claims. Formal rigour is therefore essential.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the Article 19-2 procedure faster?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, significantly. The simplified procedure provided for in Article 19-2 of the Law of 10 July 1965 allows the managing agent to apply to the president of the judicial court under the accelerated procedure on the merits provided for in Article 481-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The claim is brought by writ of summons to a hearing held on the day and time set for that purpose. The judge rules quickly, in principle within three to six months, against twelve to twenty-four months under the ordinary procedure. The procedure does, however, require a prior formal notice under Article 19-2 and expiry of the thirty-day period, which triggers acceleration of payment. The title obtained is immediately enforceable, which allows enforcement measures (garnishment order, seizure and sale of movables, real property seizure) to be started quickly. The Article 19-2 procedure is not, however, suited to every situation: if the co-owner disputes the claim or if an action to have a clause deemed unwritten is to be heard in parallel, the ordinary procedure remains preferable to allow a full pre-trial preparation.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court deals with charges in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The competent court is the judicial court of the place where the building is situated, under Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In Paris, territorial jurisdiction lies with the Paris judicial court, and subject-matter jurisdiction is given to the 8th chamber, sections specialising in co-ownership charges and leases. Representation by a lawyer is mandatory in contentious matters. The ordinary procedure goes through a writ of summons before the civil chamber, followed by pre-trial preparation conducted by the pre-trial judge (Article 789 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The simplified Article 19-2 procedure goes through a writ of summons before the president of the judicial court, ruling under the accelerated procedure on the merits. The enforcement judge, competent for difficulties of compulsory enforcement, also sits at the Paris judicial court. An appeal to the Court of Cassation against the court of appeal's judgment may be brought within two months, before the Third Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation, the chamber specialising in co-ownership.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is a co-owner who was absent from the general meeting bound by the charges voted?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, subject to the available means of challenge. A co-owner absent from the meeting and not represented is classed as non-attending. They are bound by the resolutions adopted, including approval of the accounts and the vote on the budget, provided the notice of meeting was properly sent to them twenty-one days before the meeting and the minutes were notified to them within the month following the meeting. The non-attending co-owner nevertheless has the same right of challenge as the dissenting one: they may bring an action to annul the resolutions within the two-month period in Article 42, paragraph 2, from notification of the minutes. If the notice of meeting was not properly sent, the period does not run and the action remains open within the ordinary five-year limitation period. A non-attending co-owner who discovers the irregularity after the two-month period must therefore show the absence of proper notification to preserve their right to act. This check is one of the first the firm carries out on any challenge file.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the managing agent refuse a payment schedule to the debtor?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The managing agent may refuse an amicable payment schedule, but the judge has the power to grant time to pay under Article 1343-5 of the French Civil Code (Code civil). When seised of a claim for payment, the judicial court may, having regard to the debtor's situation and the creditor's needs, defer or spread payment of the sums due within a limit of two years. A debtor requesting time must produce proof of income and outgoings and show the ability to comply with the proposed schedule. While the time to pay runs, interest continues to accrue unless the judge decides otherwise. The co-owners' association nevertheless retains the possibility of recovering the debt if the schedule is breached. For the managing agent, a flat refusal of a schedule may lead the judge to impose an unfavourable period. An amicable settlement under a signed protocol is often preferable. The firm assists in drafting balanced protocols that secure both recovery and the cash position of the defaulting co-owner.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043977284\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000043977284\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 10 of the Law of 10 July 1965<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">allocation of charges<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039329680\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000039329680\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 42 of the Law of 10 July 1965<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">challenging general meeting decisions<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/co-owners-meeting-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Co-owners' general meeting<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/co-ownership-works-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Co-ownership works<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/co-ownership-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Co-ownership law<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/rent-recovery-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Rent recovery<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm expertise<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 11 August 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>Disputed or unpaid charges? <em>Act today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Whether you are an objecting co-owner or a managing agent seeking recovery, the allocation key and the limitation period decide the case. Send the co-ownership regulations, the statements of account and the minutes \u2014 reply within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I challenge my share of the co-ownership charges?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The challenge starts with an analysis of the co-ownership regulations and the division description. The co-owner first checks whether the allocation key for the disputed charge meets the test in Article 10 of the Law of 10 July 1965: relative values of the private parts for general charges, objective utility for special charges. If the key is non-compliant, an action to have it deemed unwritten under Article 43 is open at any time, with no time limit. The Court of Cassation has confirmed that any co-owner or the co-owners' association may, at any time, have the non-compliance with Article 10, first paragraph, recorded (Cass. 3e civ., 10 September 2020, No. 19-17.045, published in the Bulletin). The judge declares the clause unwritten and makes a new, compliant allocation. The refund of overpayments is then limited by the five-year limitation period in Article 42, paragraph 1.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What limitation period applies to the association's recovery?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Since the Law of 23 November 2018, Article 42, paragraph 1, of the Law of 10 July 1965 makes the provisions of Article 2224 of the Civil Code applicable to personal actions relating to the co-ownership between co-owners or between a co-owner and the association, that is, a five-year limitation period. Before that reform, the period was ten years. The period runs from the date each call for funds falls due. For charges that fell due before the 2018 law came into force, the total duration may not exceed ten years. The association must therefore act within five years of each unpaid instalment, failing which the claim is time-barred by limitation. The Court of Cassation held on 17 November 1999 that an action to recover charges, which are undetermined and variable, is a personal action arising from the application of the 1965 law and is governed by the special limitation rule in Article 42. A formal notice, a writ of summons and an acknowledgement of debt interrupt the limitation period.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the association's statutory mortgage?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The statutory mortgage is a security over property provided for in Article 19-1 of the Law of 10 July 1965. The co-owners' association may have a mortgage registered on the lot of the defaulting co-owner to secure payment of the charges and works referred to in Articles 10 and 30. Registration is ordered by the judge or voluntarily consented to. It ranks among the security interests according to its date of registration. The statutory mortgage remains in place as long as the debt is unpaid, and burdens the lot regardless of changes of owner. For the defaulting co-owner, registration blocks any future sale or requires prior settlement of the arrears. This security is subsidiary to the special statutory priority over the property in Article 2374, 1\u00b0 bis of the French Civil Code (Code civil), which ranks first for the charges of the current year and the last two years due. For older charges, the statutory mortgage takes over by securing payment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the managing agent seize my bank accounts?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, but only after obtaining an enforceable title. Seizure of a bank account requires a final judgment ordering the co-owner to pay, or a decision enforceable on a provisional basis. The managing agent cannot seize directly, on its own initiative. The usual procedure begins with a formal notice under Article 19-2, followed by a writ of summons before the judicial court (ordinary procedure or accelerated procedure under Article 19-2). Once judgment has been obtained and served, the managing agent may have a garnishment order (saisie-attribution) levied on the debtor's account by a court commissioner. The account is frozen for the sum due, plus costs. The co-owner has one month to challenge it before the enforcement judge. After that, the funds are paid over to the managing agent. The seizure cannot exceed the sum due, and certain income remains unseizable (RSA, family allowances, minimum living allowance). For large sums, real property seizure of the lot remains the ultimate weapon.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I read the allocation key in my regulations?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The allocation key appears in the division description annexed to the co-ownership regulations. It is presented in tables giving, for each lot, the number of share values (tanti\u00e8mes) attributed for each category of charges. Share values are expressed in thousandths, ten-thousandths or hundred-thousandths depending on the precision adopted. The sum of the share values of all the lots in a category must equal the total provided for (1,000 thousandths or 10,000 ten-thousandths). For general charges, the share values reflect the relative values of the private parts. For special charges (lift, heating, water), the share values reflect the objective utility of the equipment for the lot. The legal check consists in verifying that the weighting is consistent with the actual situation of the lot. A uniform grid between lots whose utility differs is suspect. A weighting that ignores the floor for lift charges is, in principle, contrary to Article 10. The firm offers a full audit of the regulations and the division description within 24 to 48 hours.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is a special charge and what does objective utility mean?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Special charges relate to shared services and common equipment in the building: lift, collective heating, collective hot water, mechanical ventilation, shared aerial, caretaking, air conditioning, parking access. Article 10 of the Law of 10 July 1965 requires an allocation according to the objective utility that these services offer to each lot. Objective utility is the theoretical utility derived from the physical situation of the lot, regardless of actual use. A co-owner who never uses the lift is nevertheless liable for the charges if the lift serves their floor: only theoretical utility counts. Conversely, a co-owner whose lot is not served by the equipment (ground floor for the lift, unheated lot for collective heating) may obtain an exemption or a minimal weighting. The weighting grid must reflect this difference. A uniform allocation between lots of differing utility is contrary to Article 10, as the Court of Cassation held on 9 May 2019 (No. 18-17.334), published in the Bulletin.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can I be exempted from lift charges on the ground floor?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Full exemption is rare, but a minimal weighting is legally justified. A co-owner on the ground floor whose lot is not served by the lift may argue that the equipment has no objective utility for their lot. The Court of Cassation held that splitting lift charges in equal shares between lots on different floors is contrary to the utility criterion (Cass. 3e civ., 9 May 2019, No. 18-17.334, published in the Bulletin). The judge may therefore declare the uniform allocation clause unwritten and make a new, weighted allocation. A typical weighting gives zero or a minimal share value to an unserved ground floor, and increases progressively with the floor. If the ground floor is served by the lift (for example, direct access or a lot with a basement part), a reduced but non-zero weighting applies. The analysis requires reading the plans and checking how the equipment actually serves the lot. The firm carries out this check from the first analysis of the file.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What can I do if the voted budget is absurd?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The dissenting or absent co-owner has two months from notification of the minutes to challenge the resolution adopting the budget, under Article 42, paragraph 2. After that, an action to annul the vote is time-barred. During that period, a writ of summons before the Paris judicial court may seek annulment for a procedural defect (late notice of meeting, incomplete agenda) or for an erroneous majority. If the period has passed, the budget is definitively enforceable. The co-owner may nonetheless raise the point by way of defence when the managing agent sues for payment of the calls for funds: they may then plead the illegality of the resolution on which the call is based, provided that illegality is itself open to challenge. For gaps between the voted budget and actual spending, Article 14-1 requires the managing agent to present a detailed statement of expenditure. A significant overrun may justify an urgent application (r\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9) for the appointment of an expert under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile). The co-owners' council, in its supervisory role, should raise the alarm before the vote so that the co-owners are not shut out by the fixed time limit.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I challenge a regularisation of charges?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The annual regularisation of charges takes place when the accounts are approved at the general meeting. The dissenting or absent co-owner may challenge the resolution approving the accounts within the two-month period in Article 42, paragraph 2. The challenge may concern the calculation of the charges, their allocation to a specific lot or the justification of certain expenses. At the stage of challenging individual calls, the co-owner may raise the lack of supporting documents, inconsistency with the voted budget, or application of a non-compliant allocation key. On this last point, an action to have the clause deemed unwritten under Article 43 remains open at any time. The co-owner may therefore act simultaneously to annul the resolution approving the accounts (two-month period) and to have the underlying key deemed unwritten (no limitation period). The twin action makes it possible to call overpayments into question within the five-year limitation period.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What time limit applies to an action over an error in share values?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The regime depends on the nature of the error. Where the initial share values are contrary to Article 10 (wrong valuation, a lot overlooked, calculation error), an action to have the clause deemed unwritten under Article 43 is open at any time. The Court of Cassation held on 10 September 2020 (No. 19-17.045), published in the Bulletin, that an action to have an allocation clause recorded as unwritten is not subject to limitation. Where the error results from a general meeting decision (for example, an amendment not properly voted by the double majority in Article 26), the dissenting or absent co-owner has two months from notification of the minutes to challenge the resolution. Where the error results from a notarial amending deed made without approval of the meeting (the typical case being the division of a lot), the same Court of Cassation has held that an allocation not submitted to the meeting may be declared unwritten, without any time limit. The firm recommends reacting as soon as the error is discovered, without waiting, to preserve evidence and limit the accumulated financial consequences.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the statutory mortgage rank ahead of the bank?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The rule is nuanced. The association's special statutory priority over the property under Article 2374, 1\u00b0 bis of the Civil Code ranks ahead of other creditors, including the bank, but only for the charges of the current year and the last two years due. For those sums, the association has super-priority and is paid first out of the sale price of the lot. For older charges, the statutory mortgage under Article 19-1 takes over: it ranks according to its date of registration. If the association's statutory mortgage is registered before the bank's contractual mortgage, it ranks ahead. If it is registered afterwards, it ranks behind. The association can therefore maximise its protection by registering a statutory mortgage promptly once the debt is established, rather than waiting. The Court of Cassation held on 27 November 2013 (No. 12-25.824), published in the Bulletin, that a notice of objection that is wrongly itemised causes the claims to lose their priority status, so that they become merely mortgage-secured or unsecured claims. Formal rigour is therefore essential.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the Article 19-2 procedure faster?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, significantly. The simplified procedure provided for in Article 19-2 of the Law of 10 July 1965 allows the managing agent to apply to the president of the judicial court under the accelerated procedure on the merits provided for in Article 481-1 of the Code of Civil Procedure. The claim is brought by writ of summons to a hearing held on the day and time set for that purpose. The judge rules quickly, in principle within three to six months, against twelve to twenty-four months under the ordinary procedure. The procedure does, however, require a prior formal notice under Article 19-2 and expiry of the thirty-day period, which triggers acceleration of payment. The title obtained is immediately enforceable, which allows enforcement measures (garnishment order, seizure and sale of movables, real property seizure) to be started quickly. The Article 19-2 procedure is not, however, suited to every situation: if the co-owner disputes the claim or if an action to have a clause deemed unwritten is to be heard in parallel, the ordinary procedure remains preferable to allow a full pre-trial preparation.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court deals with charges in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The competent court is the judicial court of the place where the building is situated, under Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In Paris, territorial jurisdiction lies with the Paris judicial court, and subject-matter jurisdiction is given to the 8th chamber, sections specialising in co-ownership charges and leases. Representation by a lawyer is mandatory in contentious matters. The ordinary procedure goes through a writ of summons before the civil chamber, followed by pre-trial preparation conducted by the pre-trial judge (Article 789 of the Code of Civil Procedure). The simplified Article 19-2 procedure goes through a writ of summons before the president of the judicial court, ruling under the accelerated procedure on the merits. The enforcement judge, competent for difficulties of compulsory enforcement, also sits at the Paris judicial court. An appeal to the Court of Cassation against the court of appeal's judgment may be brought within two months, before the Third Civil Chamber of the Court of Cassation, the chamber specialising in co-ownership.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a co-owner who was absent from the general meeting bound by the charges voted?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, subject to the available means of challenge. A co-owner absent from the meeting and not represented is classed as non-attending. They are bound by the resolutions adopted, including approval of the accounts and the vote on the budget, provided the notice of meeting was properly sent to them twenty-one days before the meeting and the minutes were notified to them within the month following the meeting. The non-attending co-owner nevertheless has the same right of challenge as the dissenting one: they may bring an action to annul the resolutions within the two-month period in Article 42, paragraph 2, from notification of the minutes. If the notice of meeting was not properly sent, the period does not run and the action remains open within the ordinary five-year limitation period. A non-attending co-owner who discovers the irregularity after the two-month period must therefore show the absence of proper notification to preserve their right to act. This check is one of the first the firm carries out on any challenge file.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the managing agent refuse a payment schedule to the debtor?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The managing agent may refuse an amicable payment schedule, but the judge has the power to grant time to pay under Article 1343-5 of the French Civil Code (Code civil). When seised of a claim for payment, the judicial court may, having regard to the debtor's situation and the creditor's needs, defer or spread payment of the sums due within a limit of two years. A debtor requesting time must produce proof of income and outgoings and show the ability to comply with the proposed schedule. While the time to pay runs, interest continues to accrue unless the judge decides otherwise. The co-owners' association nevertheless retains the possibility of recovering the debt if the schedule is breached. For the managing agent, a flat refusal of a schedule may lead the judge to impose an unfavourable period. An amicable settlement under a signed protocol is often preferable. The firm assists in drafting balanced protocols that secure both recovery and the cash position of the defaulting co-owner.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Co-ownership charges lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/co-ownership-charges-lawyer\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"The Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": \"Mo-Su 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function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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A co-ownership charges lawyer in Paris starts from the allocation key: general charges follow the co-owners&#8217; share values (tanti\u00e8mes), special charges follow objective utility, and a non-compliant key is deemed unwritten, with no time limit. For the managing agent, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1748851,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161047","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Co-ownership Charges Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Co-ownership charges lawyer Paris: challenge an unlawful allocation key or recover unpaid charges. Call the firm for a first analysis within 24 to 48 hours.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/co-ownership-charges-lawyer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Co-ownership Charges Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Co-ownership charges lawyer Paris: challenge an unlawful allocation key or recover unpaid charges. 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