{"id":2161041,"date":"2025-11-11T23:16:43","date_gmt":"2025-11-11T22:16:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161041"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:06:26","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:06:26","slug":"security-deposit-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/security-deposit-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Security deposit lawyer Paris: recover or withhold, with proof"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161041\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161041 elementor-1748902\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v51e614 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v51e614\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v51e614w elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v51e614w\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-1748902-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Security deposit \u2014 tenants and landlords<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Security deposit lawyer<\/em> Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> recover or withhold, with proof.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">One month if the exit inventory of condition (\u00e9tat des lieux) is compliant, two months if not, and an increase of 10 per cent for each month of delay: Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 leaves no room for improvisation. As a security deposit lawyer in Paris, the firm secures the return of deposits \u2014 and defends deductions that are justified.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\">The 10 per cent increase on the monthly rent runs for every month of delay begun: a landlord who is three months late already owes 30 per cent on top of the deposit.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748902-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748902-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748902-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-1748902-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Security deposit \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">The 10 per cent monthly increase is already running \u2014 or the deduction needs to be put on a firm footing before litigation. Send the inventories of condition and the letters exchanged \u2014 reply within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The rules<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>security deposit lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th arrondissement<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 residential leases and landlord-tenant litigation.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">The security deposit must be returned within one month of the handover of the keys if the exit inventory of condition is compliant, and within two months otherwise, less any sums that are justified; delay costs 10 per cent of the monthly rent for each month begun (Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989). A deduction requires an inventory of condition signed by both parties and supporting documents; fair wear and tear can never be charged to the tenant, and the amount charged cannot exceed the loss suffered. In a co-ownership building, the landlord may keep an advance on charges until the accounts are approved, to be settled within the month.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Strict time limits<\/h3><p>Return within one month if the exit inventory of condition matches the entry inventory, two months otherwise; each month of delay begun adds 10 per cent of the monthly rent (Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A deduction must be proved<\/h3><p>A signed inventory of condition, quotes or invoices, fair wear and tear deducted: a deduction without supporting documents is a deduction lost \u2014 and an inventory of condition that was not agreed by both parties proves nothing.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Fair wear and tear is not damage<\/h3><p>Normal wear linked to the length of occupation remains the landlord's responsibility; only damage attributable to the tenant may be deducted, within the limit of the actual loss.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The rules<\/p>\n<h2>Time limits, proof, fair wear and tear: <em>the three locks<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules shape security deposit disputes.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>Return within one month (compliant inventory of condition) or two months, with an increase of 10 per cent of the monthly rent for each month of delay begun (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028806696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028806696\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989<\/a>) \u2014 applicable to any request made after the ALUR Law, even for a lease signed earlier (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fd918b41a983db46467ae1f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 17 November 2016, No. 15-24.552<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>An exit inventory of condition drawn up unilaterally by the landlord, without a court bailiff and without any lack of adversarial process attributable to the tenant, cannot prove damage (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6555c06730a74083181bd371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 16 November 2023, No. 22-19.422<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Fair wear and tear remains the landlord's responsibility<\/strong>: only tenant repairs beyond normal wear may be charged, and the compensation cannot exceed the amount of the loss (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/627b53cf76c5d9057df7fe3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 11 May 2022, No. 20-19.985<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li>In a co-ownership building, the landlord may keep an advance until the accounts are definitively approved, with the settlement made within the following month (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca8ed3ce4c46819cdeab11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 31 May 2018, No. 17-18.069<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Even the form of the documents matters: a party that has the inventory of condition drawn up by a bailiff without having summoned the other party in the proper form bears the cost alone (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/653a038fd0451e8318d0e6c7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 26 October 2023, No. 22-20.183<\/a>), and the increase under Article 22 bears interest only from the judgment that quantifies it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca80a5d739fc7044e50d80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 15 November 2018, No. 17-26.986<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, <em>depending on your role<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The two inventories of condition carry most of the case.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Tenant<\/p><ul><li>Entry and exit inventories of condition<\/li><li>Proof of the handover of the keys and of the new address given to the landlord<\/li><li>Letters requesting return of the deposit, with acknowledgements of receipt<\/li><li>Rent receipts and proof of payment of the deposit<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Landlord<\/p><ul><li>Signed inventories of condition agreed by both parties<\/li><li>Quotes or invoices for the repairs deducted<\/li><li>Fair wear and tear scale applied, where relevant<\/li><li>Statement of return sent to the tenant<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: leaving the premises without giving a new address \u2014 the time limit does not start to run; deducting on the basis of a simple photo without an inventory of condition agreed by both parties.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Deductions for charges in co-ownership buildings<\/li><li>Bailiff's fees for the inventory of condition<\/li><li>Disputed damage<\/li><li>Defending landlords<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Comparing the two inventories of condition decides the case \u2014 the timeline determines the amount.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First exchange and sending your documents<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Inventories of condition, lease, letters: first legal reading within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Audit of the deduction<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Compliance of the inventories of condition, supporting documents produced, share attributable to fair wear and tear, calculation of the time limits and of the increase.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Formal notice<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Itemised claim \u2014 deposit, increase for each month of delay \u2014 with a precise time limit before the matter is brought before the judge.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Procedure<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Protection litigation judge: return of the deposit, increase, and any damages.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The amount at stake often exceeds the deposit itself: three months of delay on a Paris rent adds a substantial sum \u2014 the calculation is done before the first letter.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline <em>of a deposit return<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">From the handover of the keys to payment.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Handover of the keys<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> Exit inventory of condition agreed by both parties, meter readings, new address given in writing.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Deadline 1<\/p><p><strong>Day +30.<\/strong> Compliant inventory of condition: the deposit must be returned in full.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Deadline 2<\/p><p><strong>Day +60.<\/strong> Differences recorded: balance returned with supporting documents for the deductions.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Increase<\/p><p><strong>Delay.<\/strong> 10 per cent of the monthly rent for each month begun, automatic, with no prior formal notice.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Formal notice<\/p><p>Itemised claim by registered letter: deposit, increase, time limit for payment.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Referral to the judge<\/p><p>Protection litigation judge for the place where the property is located; judgment and enforcement.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No action without having validated these points.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Whether the entry and exit inventories of condition were agreed by both parties.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Calculation of the time limits: date of handover of the keys, notice of the new address.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Supporting documents for the deductions: quotes, invoices, link with damage attributable to the tenant.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Share attributable to fair wear and tear: length of occupation, condition at entry, any scale applied.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Calculation of the increase: months begun since the applicable deadline.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>In co-ownership: advance kept, approval of the accounts, settlement within the month.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, proof, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly gauge the priority and the right procedural tool.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Deposit not returned within the statutory time limit<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> Handover of the keys, letter giving the new address, no bank transfer received.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Beyond 1 month or 2 months depending on the inventories of condition.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice, then a writ of summons for return of the deposit with the 10% monthly increase.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Deduction not justified by the landlord<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> Imprecise statement from the landlord, quotes without invoices, the tenant's photographs.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> No specific time limit; the defence can always be raised.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Claim for return of the deposit in full, with damages.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>No entry inventory of condition<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> No signed inventory of condition at entry.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> None.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Rely on the presumption in Article 1731 of the French Civil Code (Code civil) in the tenant's favour.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Unilateral exit inventory of condition<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> Late or missing summons, no signature by the tenant.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> None.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Argue that the inventory cannot be relied on against the tenant and that the landlord has failed to prove the damage.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Recent damage attributable to the tenant<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> Inventories of condition compared, quote and paid invoice, photographs.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before the return deadline expires.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Reasoned notice of deduction and return of the balance within the time limit.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Charges in a multi-occupancy building<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive proof:<\/strong> Final closing of the accounts, general meeting of the co-owners' association.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 1 month after approval of the annual accounts.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Temporary retention of 20% at most, final return after the accounts are closed.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures come from real cases, rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The anonymised examples below illustrate the range of situations handled in security deposit matters. The figures come from real cases but have been rounded for the sake of discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Tenant: \u20ac1,850 recovered out of \u20ac2,200 withheld<\/h3><p>A landlord withheld \u20ac2,200 of the deposit for unquantified works and a flat-rate cleaning charge. Formal notice went unanswered, followed by a writ of summons before the protection litigation judge. Return of \u20ac1,850 plus the 10% monthly rent increase for each month elapsed since the deadline was exceeded.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Article 22 and the requirement that deductions be duly justified. Result: near-total return and the increase.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Landlord: \u20ac4,800 of deductions upheld at the hearing<\/h3><p>A tenant had occupied a Paris flat for six years with significant damage (partition walls, parquet, bathroom fittings). A complete file was assembled: inventories of condition compared, quotes, paid invoices, dated photographs. The judge upheld all the deductions, up to \u20ac4,800, and dismissed the tenant's claim for return of the deposit.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: proof by comparing the inventories of condition. Result: deduction confirmed by the court.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Action limited to the fair wear and tear share, deduction reduced from \u20ac3,200 to \u20ac850<\/h3><p>A landlord withheld \u20ac3,200 for repainting and floor renovation after twelve years of occupation. The wear and tear scale annexed to the lease was applied, with a 70% reduction on the items concerned. The judge reduced the deduction to \u20ac850 and returned the balance to the tenant with the late-return increase.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: contractual wear and tear scale. Result: substantial reduction.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>security deposit<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>How long does a landlord have to return a security deposit in France?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The time limit for return depends on whether the exit inventory of condition matches the entry inventory. Where the exit inventory is compliant, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028806696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028806696\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989<\/a> requires return within one month of the keys being handed over in person or sent by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt. Where the exit inventory shows differences from the entry inventory, the time limit is extended to two months. The time limit runs from the actual handover of the keys. In a multi-occupancy building, the landlord may keep an advance of no more than 20% of the deposit until the annual accounts of the co-owners' association are closed. Once the time limit has expired, the tenant may claim the statutory increase of 10% of the monthly rent for each monthly period begun late.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a landlord keep the deposit without justification?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 requires that sums deducted from the deposit be <q>duly justified<\/q> (our translation). The burden of proof lies with the landlord: they must produce verifiable documents allowing the judge to check that the sums deducted are real, attributable to the tenant and correctly quantified. In practice, this means producing the inventories of condition compared, genuine quotes and invoices for the works, accounting records for the charges, and dated photographs of the damage. A flat-rate deduction or a vague statement does not meet the legal requirement. The tenant may then apply to the protection litigation judge (juge des contentieux de la protection) for return of the deposit in full, plus the increase of 10% for each month of delay. The case law is clear and settled: the burden of proof is on the landlord, not the tenant.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I challenge unfair deductions from my deposit?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>There are three main steps. First, ask the landlord for a detailed statement of the deductions, with supporting documents. The request can be made by email and then by registered letter. Second, send the landlord a reasoned formal notice, identifying each disputed line, calculating the share that should be returned and quantifying the 10% increase for each month elapsed. The formal notice shows diligence. Third, if there is no satisfactory reply within a reasonable time, bring the matter before the protection litigation judge at the competent judicial court (tribunal judiciaire), in Paris for homes located in the capital. The case is brought by writ of summons. The judge will order the landlord to return the sum wrongly withheld, to pay the increase and, where applicable, the costs and the sum due under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile). Representation by a lawyer is not mandatory but is strongly advisable to gauge the amount and structure the evidence.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What increase applies if the deposit is returned late?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides for an increase of 10% of the monthly rent, excluding charges, for each monthly period begun late. This increase is automatic: it requires neither prior formal notice nor proof of loss. It is calculated on the rent excluding charges, month by month, from the day after the statutory time limit of one or two months expires. The Court of Cassation has held that this increase <q>cannot be combined with default interest at the statutory rate set by Article 1153, paragraph 3, of the Civil Code, in its version prior to that resulting from Order No. 2016-131 of 10 February 2016, and bears interest only from the judgment quantifying it<\/q> (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca80a5d739fc7044e50d80\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 15 November 2018, No. 17-26.986<\/a>, published in the Bulletin). The increase is not due where the delay results from the tenant's failure to give the landlord a new address.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is an inventory of condition mandatory?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An inventory of condition is not formally mandatory on pain of nullity of the lease, but its absence has an important consequence. Article 1731 of the Civil Code provides that <q>if no inventory of condition has been drawn up, the tenant is presumed to have received the premises in good condition as regards tenant repairs, and must return them in that condition, unless proved otherwise<\/q> (our translation). The presumption therefore operates in the tenant's favour: it is for the landlord to prove, by any means, that the damage occurred during the occupation. In practice, this proof is rarely convincing, and the landlord struggles to justify deductions. A prudent landlord always has a detailed entry inventory drawn up, agreed amicably by both parties, or failing that by a court bailiff. The case law holds that an inventory of condition is valid only if it is drawn up jointly by both parties or by a neutral third party, with the costs shared equally, in accordance with Article 3-2 of the Law of 6 July 1989.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What should I do if we disagree about the exit inventory of condition?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>There are three options depending on the stage of the dispute. First, refuse to sign the disputed exit inventory and insist on a court bailiff being used. Article 3-2 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides that, failing agreement, the inventory of condition is drawn up by a court bailiff at the initiative of the more diligent party, with the costs shared equally, provided a summons is sent by registered letter at least seven days in advance. Second, if the inventory was drawn up unilaterally by the landlord, challenge the fact that it was not agreed by both parties. The Court of Cassation has held that <q>an exit inventory of condition drawn up unilaterally by the landlord, without a court bailiff, and whose lack of adversarial process is due to the landlord's default, cannot prove damage attributable to the tenant<\/q> (our translation) (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6555c06730a74083181bd371\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 16 November 2023, No. 22-19.422<\/a>, published in the Bulletin). Third, produce all useful evidence before the judge: photographs dated on the day of departure, witness statements, emails exchanged with the landlord. The defence requires a rigorous reading of the documents served and of the time limits.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How do I tell fair wear and tear from damage?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The distinction is central and determines what can be charged to the tenant. Decree No. 2016-382 of 30 March 2016 defines fair wear and tear (v\u00e9tust\u00e9) as <q>the state of wear or deterioration resulting from time or from normal use of the materials and fittings of which the dwelling is made up<\/q> (our translation). Damage, by contrast, results from abnormal use or from fault on the part of the tenant. Article 7 d) of the Law of 6 July 1989 expressly excludes fair wear and tear from the tenant's maintenance obligation. The Court of Cassation quashed a judgment of a court of appeal, for lack of legal basis, that had ordered tenants to pay for renovation works estimated by the landlords' insurer's expert, without explaining how those claims were to be set off against the security deposit and without answering the tenants' submissions that eleven years of occupation had caused wear and tear that could not be treated as damage (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/627b53cf76c5d9057df7fe3c\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 11 May 2022, No. 20-19.985<\/a>). In practice, where the lease contains a wear and tear scale, the contractual reduction is applied. Otherwise, the judge assesses the matter in equity, having regard to the length of occupation, the nature of the material and its theoretical lifespan.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a landlord keep the deposit for an unpaid water or electricity bill?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No, unless strict conditions are met. The security deposit covers only the tenant's debts to the landlord, that is, rent, recoverable charges and tenant repairs. The tenant's personal bills to EDF, GDF, the water supplier or any energy supplier are debts owed to those third parties, not to the landlord. The landlord therefore cannot deduct them from the deposit. There is an exception where the landlord, under a contractual or legal obligation, itself pays a debt in place of the tenant: in that case, Article 22 provides that the landlord may deduct <q>sums for which the landlord might be liable in place of the tenant, provided they are duly justified<\/q> (our translation). The landlord must then produce the third party's invoices and proof of actual payment. Otherwise the deduction is unfair and the tenant can obtain its return with the increase.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can a landlord rely on quotes for repairs that were never carried out?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The question is nuanced. A quote is only a forecast estimate, not proof of expenditure. A landlord who produces a quote without having started the works will struggle to justify the deduction, especially if there is no paid invoice. Court practice nonetheless recognises the principle that compensation for loss is not conditional on the expense actually having been incurred. The Court of Cassation held, in a commercial lease case, in reasoning that can be transposed, that <q>the loss may include the cost of restoring the premises, without compensation being conditional on the repairs having been carried out or on expenses having actually been incurred<\/q> (our translation) (Cass. 3e civ., 27 June 2024, No. 22-24.502, published in the Bulletin). However, in residential leases, the case law is demanding as to whether a deduction is justified. The judge takes account of later circumstances (rapid re-letting, sale, demolition) which may prove that there was no loss. An unperformed quote alone is rarely enough to justify a deduction in full, especially for large amounts.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What evidence do I need to get my deposit back?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Four documents form the core of the tenant's file. First, the signed lease with its annexes, which states the amount of the deposit paid. Second, the entry inventory of condition, ideally detailed room by room and accompanied by dated photographs. Third, the exit inventory of condition, drawn up jointly by both parties or failing that by a court bailiff (commissaire de justice) after a summons by registered letter sent more than seven days in advance. Fourth, proof of the handover of the keys (receipt signed in person or registered letter) and the letter giving the landlord the new address. In addition there is the landlord's statement of deductions, which makes it possible to identify the deductions open to challenge, and any useful email or witness statement. The formal notice and the acknowledgement of receipt are the fifth document, essential for court action. The firm helps to reconstruct missing documents where the tenant has not kept everything.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can service charge settlements justify a deduction?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, but under a special regime. In a multi-occupancy building, Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides that <q>the landlord draws up a provisional statement of accounts and may, where duly justified, keep an advance not exceeding 20% of the amount of the security deposit until the annual accounts of the building are closed<\/q> (our translation). Final settlement and return of the balance take place within the month following final approval of the accounts by the general meeting of the co-owners' association. The Court of Cassation has made clear that this rule is separate from the general time limit of one or two months. In its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca8ed3ce4c46819cdeab11\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">judgment of 31 May 2018<\/a>, published in the Bulletin, the Court of Cassation held that <q>where the leased premises are in a multi-occupancy building, final settlement of the charges and return of the balance, after deduction, where applicable, of sums still owed to the landlord and of sums for which the landlord might be liable in place of the tenant, take place within the month following final approval of the building's accounts<\/q> (our translation). The landlord must therefore justify precisely the share retained and return the balance when the annual accounts are closed.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court has jurisdiction over a security deposit dispute in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The protection litigation judge at the Paris judicial court (tribunal judiciaire) has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes relating to residential leases, under Article L. 213-4-3 of the Code of Judicial Organisation (Code de l'organisation judiciaire). This jurisdiction covers return of the security deposit, challenges to deductions, claims for payment of the late-return increase and related damages. Claims on the merits are brought by writ of summons. The Paris judicial court is located at the Parvis du Tribunal de Paris, in the 17th arrondissement. Representation by a lawyer is not mandatory in disputes before the protection litigation judge, but it remains strongly advisable to gauge the evidential strategy and quantify the claims correctly. An appeal is available for disputes above \u20ac5,000 and lies to the Paris court of appeal. Below that threshold, the judgment is final and only an appeal to the Court of Cassation remains possible.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do I need to send formal notice before going to court?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Formal notice is not formally mandatory for return of a security deposit, since Article 22 provides for an automatic increase. Even so, it is almost always useful in practice. It formalises the tenant's position, shows diligence and structures the file that will be produced to the judge. Formal notice takes the form of a registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt sent to the landlord or the landlord's managing agent. It sets out the chronology (date of notice to quit, handover of the keys, notice of the new address), lists the disputed deductions with their amounts, calculates the monthly increase already accrued, and sets a short time limit for compliance (15 to 30 days). If the amicable route fails, the formal notice is put before the court as proof of the landlord's refusal. A properly drafted formal notice settles about half of cases without court proceedings, the landlord preferring to return the deposit rather than aggravate the increase and face a trial.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How much does it cost to recover a security deposit?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The cost varies with the value of the dispute and the method of recovery. Before the protection litigation judge, the procedure does not require representation by a lawyer, but instructing a lawyer remains advisable, especially to structure the evidence, calculate the increase and anticipate the landlord's arguments. The firm's fees are set out in a written fee agreement made in advance, adapted to the complexity of the case. A tenant who succeeds is generally awarded a sum under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure towards lawyer's fees, and the landlord is ordered to pay the costs (procedural costs, any service costs). The real net cost is therefore often lower than the gross cost, especially where the late-return increase has run for several months. The firm provides a transparent quote after reading the file, and systematically favours the amicable route of formal notice before any court action, which is less costly.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is a bailiff's report essential?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A report by a court bailiff (commissaire de justice, formerly huissier) is not mandatory if the inventory of condition is drawn up jointly and amicably by the parties. This is in fact the route favoured by the law: Article 3-2 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides for a court bailiff only where there is no agreement. Where the amicable route fails, the court bailiff acts with the costs shared equally, provided a summons is sent by registered letter at least seven days in advance. The Court of Cassation held in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/653a038fd0451e8318d0e6c7\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">judgment of 26 October 2023<\/a> that this seven-day requirement is imposed on pain of losing reimbursement of half the costs: the party that did not comply with the form bears the whole cost. A report remains useful in disputes involving significant damage, or where one party suspects the other of bad faith. For smaller disputes, photographs dated and agreed by both parties and a summary email suffice in practice.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028806696\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000028806696\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">return of the security deposit and late-return increase<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/LEGITEXT000006069108\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/loda\/id\/LEGITEXT000006069108\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Law No. 89-462 of 6 July 1989<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">landlord-tenant relations<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/residential-lease-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Residential lease<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/lease-termination-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Lease termination<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/quiet-enjoyment-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Disturbance of quiet enjoyment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/rent-recovery-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Rent recovery<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 11 June 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>Deposit not returned or deduction disputed? Let's <em>take stock<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>The 10 per cent monthly increase is already running \u2014 or the deduction needs to be put on a firm footing before litigation. Send the inventories of condition and the letters exchanged \u2014 reply within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long does a landlord have to return a security deposit in France?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The time limit for return depends on whether the exit inventory of condition matches the entry inventory. Where the exit inventory is compliant, Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 requires return within one month of the keys being handed over in person or sent by registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt. Where the exit inventory shows differences from the entry inventory, the time limit is extended to two months. The time limit runs from the actual handover of the keys. In a multi-occupancy building, the landlord may keep an advance of no more than 20% of the deposit until the annual accounts of the co-owners' association are closed. Once the time limit has expired, the tenant may claim the statutory increase of 10% of the monthly rent for each monthly period begun late.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a landlord keep the deposit without justification?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 requires that sums deducted from the deposit be duly justified. The burden of proof lies with the landlord: they must produce verifiable documents allowing the judge to check that the sums deducted are real, attributable to the tenant and correctly quantified. In practice, this means producing the inventories of condition compared, genuine quotes and invoices for the works, accounting records for the charges, and dated photographs of the damage. A flat-rate deduction or a vague statement does not meet the legal requirement. The tenant may then apply to the protection litigation judge (juge des contentieux de la protection) for return of the deposit in full, plus the increase of 10% for each month of delay. The case law is clear and settled: the burden of proof is on the landlord, not the tenant.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I challenge unfair deductions from my deposit?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"There are three main steps. First, ask the landlord for a detailed statement of the deductions, with supporting documents. The request can be made by email and then by registered letter. Second, send the landlord a reasoned formal notice, identifying each disputed line, calculating the share that should be returned and quantifying the 10% increase for each month elapsed. The formal notice shows diligence. Third, if there is no satisfactory reply within a reasonable time, bring the matter before the protection litigation judge at the competent judicial court (tribunal judiciaire), in Paris for homes located in the capital. The case is brought by writ of summons. The judge will order the landlord to return the sum wrongly withheld, to pay the increase and, where applicable, the costs and the sum due under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure (Code de proc\u00e9dure civile). Representation by a lawyer is not mandatory but is strongly advisable to gauge the amount and structure the evidence.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What increase applies if the deposit is returned late?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides for an increase of 10% of the monthly rent, excluding charges, for each monthly period begun late. This increase is automatic: it requires neither prior formal notice nor proof of loss. It is calculated on the rent excluding charges, month by month, from the day after the statutory time limit of one or two months expires. The Court of Cassation has held that this increase cannot be combined with default interest at the statutory rate set by Article 1153, paragraph 3, of the Civil Code, in its version prior to that resulting from Order No. 2016-131 of 10 February 2016, and bears interest only from the judgment quantifying it (Cass. 3e civ., 15 November 2018, No. 17-26.986, published in the Bulletin). The increase is not due where the delay results from the tenant's failure to give the landlord a new address.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is an inventory of condition mandatory?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An inventory of condition is not formally mandatory on pain of nullity of the lease, but its absence has an important consequence. Article 1731 of the Civil Code provides that if no inventory of condition has been drawn up, the tenant is presumed to have received the premises in good condition as regards tenant repairs, and must return them in that condition, unless proved otherwise. The presumption therefore operates in the tenant's favour: it is for the landlord to prove, by any means, that the damage occurred during the occupation. In practice, this proof is rarely convincing, and the landlord struggles to justify deductions. A prudent landlord always has a detailed entry inventory drawn up, agreed amicably by both parties, or failing that by a court bailiff (commissaire de justice). The case law holds that an inventory of condition is valid only if it is drawn up jointly by both parties or by a neutral third party, with the costs shared equally, in accordance with Article 3-2 of the Law of 6 July 1989.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What should I do if we disagree about the exit inventory of condition?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"There are three options depending on the stage of the dispute. First, refuse to sign the disputed exit inventory and insist on a court bailiff (commissaire de justice) being used. Article 3-2 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides that, failing agreement, the inventory of condition is drawn up by a court bailiff at the initiative of the more diligent party, with the costs shared equally, provided a summons is sent by registered letter at least seven days in advance. Second, if the inventory was drawn up unilaterally by the landlord, challenge the fact that it was not agreed by both parties. The Court of Cassation has held that an exit inventory of condition drawn up unilaterally by the landlord, without a court bailiff, and whose lack of adversarial process is due to the landlord's default, cannot prove damage attributable to the tenant (Cass. 3e civ., 16 November 2023, No. 22-19.422, published in the Bulletin). Third, produce all useful evidence before the judge: photographs dated on the day of departure, witness statements, emails exchanged with the landlord. The defence requires a rigorous reading of the documents served and of the time limits.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How do I tell fair wear and tear from damage?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The distinction is central and determines what can be charged to the tenant. Decree No. 2016-382 of 30 March 2016 defines fair wear and tear (v\u00e9tust\u00e9) as the state of wear or deterioration resulting from time or from normal use of the materials and fittings of which the dwelling is made up. Damage, by contrast, results from abnormal use or from fault on the part of the tenant. Article 7 d) of the Law of 6 July 1989 expressly excludes fair wear and tear from the tenant's maintenance obligation. The Court of Cassation quashed a judgment of a court of appeal, for lack of legal basis, that had ordered tenants to pay for renovation works estimated by the landlords' insurer's expert, without explaining how those claims were to be set off against the security deposit and without answering the tenants' submissions that eleven years of occupation had caused wear and tear that could not be treated as damage (Cass. 3e civ., 11 May 2022, No. 20-19.985). In practice, where the lease contains a wear and tear scale, the contractual reduction is applied. Otherwise, the judge assesses the matter in equity, having regard to the length of occupation, the nature of the material and its theoretical lifespan.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a landlord keep the deposit for an unpaid water or electricity bill?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No, unless strict conditions are met. The security deposit covers only the tenant's debts to the landlord, that is, rent, recoverable charges and tenant repairs. The tenant's personal bills to EDF, GDF, the water supplier or any energy supplier are debts owed to those third parties, not to the landlord. The landlord therefore cannot deduct them from the deposit. There is an exception where the landlord, under a contractual or legal obligation, itself pays a debt in place of the tenant: in that case, Article 22 provides that the landlord may deduct sums for which the landlord might be liable in place of the tenant, provided they are duly justified. The landlord must then produce the third party's invoices and proof of actual payment. Otherwise the deduction is unfair and the tenant can obtain its return with the increase.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can a landlord rely on quotes for repairs that were never carried out?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The question is nuanced. A quote is only a forecast estimate, not proof of expenditure. A landlord who produces a quote without having started the works will struggle to justify the deduction, especially if there is no paid invoice. Court practice nonetheless recognises the principle that compensation for loss is not conditional on the expense actually having been incurred. The Court of Cassation held, in a commercial lease case, in reasoning that can be transposed, that the loss may include the cost of restoring the premises, without compensation being conditional on the repairs having been carried out or on expenses having actually been incurred (Cass. 3e civ., 27 June 2024, No. 22-24.502, published in the Bulletin). However, in residential leases, the case law is demanding as to whether a deduction is justified. The judge takes account of later circumstances (rapid re-letting, sale, demolition) which may prove that there was no loss. An unperformed quote alone is rarely enough to justify a deduction in full, especially for large amounts.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What evidence do I need to get my deposit back?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Four documents form the core of the tenant's file. First, the signed lease with its annexes, which states the amount of the deposit paid. Second, the entry inventory of condition, ideally detailed room by room and accompanied by dated photographs. Third, the exit inventory of condition, drawn up jointly by both parties or failing that by a court bailiff (commissaire de justice) after a summons by registered letter sent more than seven days in advance. Fourth, proof of the handover of the keys (receipt signed in person or registered letter) and the letter giving the landlord the new address. In addition there is the landlord's statement of deductions, which makes it possible to identify the deductions open to challenge, and any useful email or witness statement. The formal notice and the acknowledgement of receipt are the fifth document, essential for court action. The firm helps to reconstruct missing documents where the tenant has not kept everything.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can service charge settlements justify a deduction?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, but under a special regime. In a multi-occupancy building, Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides that the landlord draws up a provisional statement of accounts and may, where duly justified, keep an advance not exceeding 20% of the amount of the security deposit until the annual accounts of the building are closed. Final settlement and return of the balance take place within the month following final approval of the accounts by the general meeting of the co-owners' association. The Court of Cassation has made clear that this rule is separate from the general time limit of one or two months. In its judgment of 31 May 2018, published in the Bulletin, the Court of Cassation held that where the leased premises are in a multi-occupancy building, final settlement of the charges and return of the balance, after deduction, where applicable, of sums still owed to the landlord and of sums for which the landlord might be liable in place of the tenant, take place within the month following final approval of the building's accounts. The landlord must therefore justify precisely the share retained and return the balance when the annual accounts are closed.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court has jurisdiction over a security deposit dispute in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The protection litigation judge at the Paris judicial court (tribunal judiciaire) has exclusive jurisdiction over disputes relating to residential leases, under Article L. 213-4-3 of the Code of Judicial Organisation (Code de l'organisation judiciaire). This jurisdiction covers return of the security deposit, challenges to deductions, claims for payment of the late-return increase and related damages. Claims on the merits are brought by writ of summons. The Paris judicial court is located at the Parvis du Tribunal de Paris, in the 17th arrondissement. Representation by a lawyer is not mandatory in disputes before the protection litigation judge, but it remains strongly advisable to gauge the evidential strategy and quantify the claims correctly. An appeal is available for disputes above \u20ac5,000 and lies to the Paris court of appeal. Below that threshold, the judgment is final and only an appeal to the Court of Cassation remains possible.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do I need to send formal notice before going to court?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Formal notice is not formally mandatory for return of a security deposit, since Article 22 provides for an automatic increase. Even so, it is almost always useful in practice. It formalises the tenant's position, shows diligence and structures the file that will be produced to the judge. Formal notice takes the form of a registered letter with acknowledgement of receipt sent to the landlord or the landlord's managing agent. It sets out the chronology (date of notice to quit, handover of the keys, notice of the new address), lists the disputed deductions with their amounts, calculates the monthly increase already accrued, and sets a short time limit for compliance (15 to 30 days). If the amicable route fails, the formal notice is put before the court as proof of the landlord's refusal. A properly drafted formal notice settles about half of cases without court proceedings, the landlord preferring to return the deposit rather than aggravate the increase and face a trial.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much does it cost to recover a security deposit?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The cost varies with the value of the dispute and the method of recovery. Before the protection litigation judge, the procedure does not require representation by a lawyer, but instructing a lawyer remains advisable, especially to structure the evidence, calculate the increase and anticipate the landlord's arguments. The firm's fees are set out in a written fee agreement made in advance, adapted to the complexity of the case. A tenant who succeeds is generally awarded a sum under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure towards lawyer's fees, and the landlord is ordered to pay the costs (procedural costs, any service costs). The real net cost is therefore often lower than the gross cost, especially where the late-return increase has run for several months. The firm provides a transparent quote after reading the file, and systematically favours the amicable route of formal notice before any court action, which is less costly.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is a bailiff's report essential?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A report by a court bailiff (commissaire de justice, formerly huissier) is not mandatory if the inventory of condition is drawn up jointly and amicably by the parties. This is in fact the route favoured by the law: Article 3-2 of the Law of 6 July 1989 provides for a court bailiff only where there is no agreement. Where the amicable route fails, the court bailiff acts with the costs shared equally, provided a summons is sent by registered letter at least seven days in advance. The Court of Cassation held in its judgment of 26 October 2023 that this seven-day requirement is imposed on pain of losing reimbursement of half the costs: the party that did not comply with the form bears the whole cost. A report remains useful in disputes involving significant damage, or where one party suspects the other of bad faith. For smaller disputes, photographs dated and agreed by both parties and a summary email suffice in practice.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Security deposit lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/security-deposit-lawyer\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": [\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\"]}, \"openingHours\": \"Mo-Su 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One month if the exit inventory of condition (\u00e9tat des lieux) is compliant, two months if not, and an increase of 10 per cent for each month of delay: Article 22 of the Law of 6 July 1989 leaves no [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1748851,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161041","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Security Deposit Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Security deposit lawyer Paris: recover your deposit or defend justified deductions, with proof and strict deadlines. 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