{"id":2161030,"date":"2024-06-06T14:11:54","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T12:11:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161030"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:57:58","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:57:58","slug":"construction-law-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-law-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Construction law lawyer in Paris: works, warranties and expert assessment"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161030\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161030 elementor-2231\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v51be1c e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v51be1c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v51be1cw elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v51be1cw\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-2231-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Construction law \u2014 project owners and contractors<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Construction law lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> works, warranties and expert assessment.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">Construction law revolves around acceptance of the works: before it, the works contract governs; after it, the one-year completion warranty, the two-year equipment warranty and the ten-year liability apply. As a construction law lawyer in Paris, the firm identifies the applicable regime at the first exchange and handles urgent applications for an expert assessment and actions on the merits before the Paris judicial court (tribunal judiciaire).<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\"><strong>The ten-year period is mandatory by law: only a writ of summons stops it.<\/strong> Serious defects? Send the works contract, the acceptance report and the photos without delay.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2231-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2231-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2231-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2231-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Construction law \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Before or after acceptance, the speed of analysis shapes the rest of the case. Send the works contract, the acceptance report and the photos: the firm replies within 24 to 48 business hours with the appropriate procedural route.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. VAT<\/small><\/span>\n    <div class=\"kcf-price-body\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-price-text\"><strong>Preliminary review of your case.<\/strong> Examination of your documents and a first written analysis by Reda Kohen, within 24 to 48 business hours. Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur 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\u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s 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aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The regime<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>construction law lawyer<\/em> in Paris does<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 real estate law and construction law.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Before acceptance, the project owner acts on the contract: late-completion penalties, formal notice, and termination for the contractor's fault in the event of abandonment of the works. After acceptance, the one-year completion warranty, the two-year equipment warranty (for separable equipment) and the ten-year liability (ten years, Article 1792 of the French Civil Code) apply. The building-damage insurer must state its position within 60 days and make an offer within 90 days, failing which interest at double the legal rate applies. The urgent application for an expert assessment structures the case.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Acceptance, the dividing line<\/h3><p>The act by which the project owner accepts the work, with or without snags noted: it starts the three statutory warranties and determines the limitation period, the evidence and the insurer to be called in.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Liability by operation of law<\/h3><p>Article 1792 of the Civil Code dispenses with proof of fault: it is enough to establish the defect and its ten-year nature \u2014 impairment of structural soundness or unfitness for its purpose.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>The court-appointed expert assessment, a decisive tool<\/h3><p>Ordered in urgent application proceedings under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure, it fixes, on an adversarial basis, the defects, their causes, the responsibilities and the cost of repairs. The expert's terms of reference are drafted strategically.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The regime<\/p>\n<h2>Before or after acceptance: <em>two legal worlds<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure construction litigation.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li><strong>Before acceptance, the relationship is contractual<\/strong>: works contract, late-completion penalties that may be adjusted (Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code), termination for the contractor's fault after formal notice and a record of default.<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Acceptance, express or tacit, starts the warranties<\/strong>: full payment for a lot and taking possession of it give rise to a presumption of tacit acceptance (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca797db65b4267968f32b4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197<\/a>).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>After acceptance<\/strong>: one-year completion warranty (Article 1792-6), two-year equipment warranty (Article 1792-3), ten-year liability (Article 1792) \u2014 liability by operation of law, with no fault to prove.<\/li>\n  <li>Progressive defects fall within the ten-year liability only if it is found that they are of a nature to compromise the soundness of the work or to render it unfit for its purpose before the ten-year warranty period expires (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607968d59ba5988459c499f3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 4 November 2010, No. 09-70.235<\/a>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The firm's practice: formalise an acceptance report, even with snags noted \u2014 an equivocal intention to accept the works deprives the project owner of this anchor point (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607dde49bdd797b53ae6e17f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 1 April 2021, No. 20-14.975<\/a>) \u2014 then combine the urgent application for an expert assessment with a writ of summons on the merits, so as to structure the defence from the outset.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send, <em>depending on your situation<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Each document has its own evidentiary value in construction litigation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Project owner<\/p><ul><li>Works contract (CCMI, private contract or off-plan sale, VEFA), schedule, service orders<\/li><li>Site meeting minutes and acceptance report<\/li><li>Dated photos of the defects, bailiff's reports, repair quotes<\/li><li>Warning letters to contractors and insurers<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Contractor<\/p><ul><li>Ten-year liability insurance certificates<\/li><li>General terms of the construction contract<\/li><li>Declared subcontracting, with insured subcontractors<\/li><li>Retention of payment as a guarantee, mutual guarantee<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: signing acceptance without snags noted when defects are visible; not dating photos; relying on emails without registered letters.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also follows the insurance chain:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Building-damage insurer<\/li><li>Ten-year liability insurer<\/li><li>Technical inspection body<\/li><li>Architect and project management<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Identifying the regime commits the whole case: time limits, parties to be summoned, insurers to be brought in.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First exchange and sending your documents<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">By phone or email, send the works contract, the acceptance report, the insurers' letters, the photos and quotes. First review within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Legal characterisation of the defects<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Contractual regime, one-year completion warranty, two-year equipment warranty or ten-year liability; determination of the time limits; identification of the builders and insurers to be brought into the case.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Urgent application for an expert assessment and formal notices<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Writ of summons in urgent application proceedings for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure, formal notices to builders and insurers, and the double-legal-rate penalty if the building-damage insurer exceeds its time limits.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Action on the merits before the judicial court<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Writ of summons in solidum against builders and insurers, pleading on the expert assessment and the quantum, coordination of subrogated claims.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>This page summarises the construction topic: the pages on acceptance of the works, construction defects, ten-year builder's liability, building expert assessment and building-damage insurance examine each regime in more detail.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline of a building project and <em>its warranties<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The typical stages, from the contract to the ten-year time bar.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Signing the contract<\/p><p><strong>Day 0.<\/strong> Checking the insurance certificates of all participants; taking out building-damage insurance before the site opens.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">During the works<\/p><p>Service orders, minutes, handling of variations, late-completion penalties, dealing with incidents: abandonment, default.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceptance<\/p><p><strong>End of the works.<\/strong> Joint inspection, report with or without snags noted. Starting point of the three statutory warranties and of building-damage cover.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceptance + 1 year<\/p><p>One-year completion warranty: repair of defects noted at acceptance or notified within the year; failing that, performance at the contractor's cost and risk after formal notice.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceptance + 2 years<\/p><p>Two-year warranty of good working order of separable equipment: shutters, taps, boiler.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Acceptance + 10 years<\/p><p>Ten-year liability (Article 1792), then time bar: Article 1792-4-1 discharges builders after ten years. Only a writ of summons effectively interrupts the period.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">No proceedings before these points have been validated.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Applicable regime: defects arising before or after acceptance, characterisation under Article 1792 or the completion warranty.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Precise date of acceptance, express or tacit: the starting point of all time limits.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Characterisation of the defect: impairment of structural soundness or unfitness for its purpose, foreseeable progression of defects that have not stabilised.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Drafting the expert's terms of reference: defects listed, characterisation requested, causes, responsibilities, cost of repairs and loss of enjoyment.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Building-damage insurer's time limits: position within 60 days, offer within 90 days, automatic increase to double the legal rate if exceeded (Article L. 242-1 of the Insurance Code).<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Strategy: formal notice, urgent application for an expert assessment, urgent application for an interim payment, action on the merits, coordination of building-damage and ten-year insurers.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations at the firm, to quickly calibrate the priority and the procedural tool.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Late delivery without force majeure<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Works contract, schedule, formal notice.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> During the works.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Claim for late-completion penalties, formal notice to complete.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Prolonged abandonment of the works<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Bailiff's report, formal notice left unanswered.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> After formal notice.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Termination for the contractor's fault, completion at the contractor's cost and risk.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Defects revealed within the year following acceptance<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Letter notifying the defects, dated photos, quotes.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Within 1 year of acceptance.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> One-year completion warranty (Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code).<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Defects impairing structural soundness or fitness for purpose<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Expert report, technical findings.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Within 10 years of acceptance.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Ten-year liability (Article 1792 of the Civil Code), urgent application for an expert assessment.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Building-damage insurer refuses cover<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Notice of refusal, preliminary report.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> As soon as possible.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal notice invoking the double legal rate, urgent application for an expert assessment and action on the merits.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Builder in liquidation, building-damage insurance in force<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Building-damage policy, proof of debt filed with the liquidator.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> During the ten-year cover.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Calling on the building-damage insurer's pre-financing, subrogation of the insurer.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Anonymised examples. The figures correspond to real cases, rounded for discretion.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The anonymised examples below illustrate the variety of situations handled. The figures correspond to real cases but have been rounded for discretion.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Compensation of \u20ac87,600 for ten-year liability and the L. 242-1 penalty<\/h3><p>A Paris project owner discovers major water ingress in the fa\u00e7ade three years after acceptance. Notice of loss by registered letter drafted by the firm, urgent application for an expert assessment under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410727\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>, ten-year characterisation confirmed. The building-damage insurer exceeds the 90-day time limit by 47 days; formal notice invoking the double legal rate. Total compensation raised to \u20ac87,600, allocated entirely to the works.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: urgent application for an expert assessment, then the L. 242-1 paragraph 5 penalty. Result: compensation multiplied by 2.5.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Urgent application for an expert assessment granted, defects valued at \u20ac62,000<\/h3><p>Project owner in an off-plan sale (VEFA) whose co-ownership reveals structural defects in the basement. Urgent application for an expert assessment brought before the Paris judicial court. The report concludes that the defects are of a ten-year nature and values the repairs at \u20ac62,000. Action on the merits brought in solidum against the developer, the general contractor and the technical inspection body.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: urgent application for an expert assessment and action in solidum. Result: ten-year characterisation and valuation secured.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Tacit acceptance upheld, project owner's claims dismissed (\u20ac75,000 disputed)<\/h3><p>A private individual who claims to have refused acceptance seeks late-completion penalties and remedial works totalling \u20ac75,000. The firm, defending the contractor, shows that full payment of the invoices and taking possession establish tacit acceptance (Cass. 3e civ. 30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197). The court of appeal dismisses the project owner's claims.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: reliance on the presumption of tacit acceptance. Result: project owner's claims rejected.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>construction law<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>Who is liable for a defect that appears after acceptance?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The liability regime depends on the nature of the defect. For defects and faulty workmanship noted at acceptance or within the following year, the one-year completion warranty of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code<\/a> applies. For separable items of equipment, the two-year warranty of good working order (1792-3) applies. For defects that compromise structural soundness or make the work unfit for its purpose, the ten-year liability of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792 of the Civil Code<\/a> applies.<\/p><p>Identifying the regime is decisive: it determines the limitation period, the nature of the evidence and the insurer to be called in. The firm's practice requires a precise characterisation as soon as the first defects appear, generally supported by an adversarial or court-appointed expert assessment. To go further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-defects-lawyer\/\">the page on construction defects<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>When does the ten-year liability begin?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The ten-year liability runs from acceptance of the works. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Acceptance<\/a> is the act by which the project owner <q>declares that it accepts the work, with or without snags noted<\/q> (our translation). It may be express, by a joint report, or tacit if taking possession and payment show an unequivocal intention to accept the work.<\/p><p>The 3rd civil chamber held on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca797db65b4267968f32b4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197, FS-P+B+I<\/a> that <q>completion of the whole of the work is not a condition for taking possession of a lot and for its acceptance<\/q> and that <q>payment of the full cost of the works on a lot and its taking of possession by the project owner give rise to a presumption of tacit acceptance<\/q> (our translation). The starting point of the ten-year liability is therefore the date of acceptance, express or tacit. To go further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/works-acceptance-lawyer\/\">the page on acceptance of the works<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is an expert assessment always necessary?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An expert assessment is rarely mandatory but often decisive. Where there are technical defects, the legal characterisation depends on an analysis of causes, origin and extent that is for the expert. The amicable expert assessment, organised by the insurers, serves first to fix the insurer's position on cover. The court-appointed expert assessment, ordered in urgent application proceedings under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410727\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>, is adversarial, binding on all parties and generally decisive for the proceedings on the merits.<\/p><p>The practical rule: seek a court-appointed expert assessment as soon as an insurer disputes cover, a contractor hides behind a subcontractor, or the project owner has to deal with several participants. To go further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/building-expert-lawyer\/\">the page on building expert assessment<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which insurance should I take out before building?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>For the project owner, building-damage insurance is mandatory before the site opens (Article L. 242-1 of the Insurance Code). It pre-finances ten-year repairs without waiting for responsibilities to be determined. For builders, ten-year liability insurance is required of every participant in the building process. For the project manager, professional liability insurance is essential.<\/p><p>Checking the participants' insurance certificates determines the financial soundness of the project. A certificate may be required at signature of the contract, before the start of the works and at each annual renewal. The policy must specifically cover the project in progress and the nature of the works. To go further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/dommages-ouvrage-insurance-lawyer\/\">the page on building-damage insurance<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/ten-year-builders-liability-lawyer\/\">the page on ten-year liability<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is abandonment of the works penalised?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. Abandonment of the works by the contractor exposes it to termination of the contract for its sole fault and to damages for the additional cost of completion. Evidence is built in three stages: formal notice to resume the works within a specified period, a bailiff's report of the abandonment, and an assessment of the financial consequences (completion quotes, loss of enjoyment, late-completion penalties).<\/p><p>Where the default continues, the project owner may, after formal notice, sue for termination and have the works completed by another contractor at the defaulting contractor's cost and risk. This route is burdensome but is justified when the contractor stalls or denies that the breaches occurred. For high-stakes projects, the urgent application for an interim payment may be paired with the urgent application for an expert assessment, so as to move forward in parallel on the merits and on the technical assessment.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can late-completion penalties be cumulated?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The late-completion penalties provided for in the contract are due by operation of law if the contractual deadline is exceeded, unless a clause expressly makes them subject to prior formal notice. They apply without the need to show specific loss. The judge may adjust the amount if the penalty clause appears <q>manifestly excessive or derisory<\/q> within the meaning of Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code (our translation).<\/p><p>Cumulation with other heads of compensation (loss of enjoyment, rehousing costs, additional credit costs) is possible if the contract does not prohibit it and the loss is distinct. In practice, negotiation focuses first on the formal validity of the notice and on the characterisation of the causes of delay (force majeure, fault of the project owner, changes to the plans). The firm advises contractors and project owners alike on this balance.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can I take action against several builders?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The action is brought in solidum against all builders whose liability may be engaged, whether the general contractor, the subcontractor, the project manager or the design office. An in solidum judgment allows the project owner to turn to the party with the financial resources or to the soundest insurer. The apportionment between builders then takes place through claims between them.<\/p><p>The court-appointed expert assessment is generally the necessary step: it determines each party's share of responsibility. Before the trial judge, builders often seek to shift liability onto their subcontractor or to invoke a fault of the project owner. The rigour of the evidence file and the coordination of the writs of summons determine the effectiveness of the action. For Paris projects, the Paris judicial court is generally competent.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which defects fall under the ten-year liability?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792 of the Civil Code<\/a> covers damage that <q>compromises the soundness of the work<\/q> or that, affecting it in one of its constituent or equipment elements, <q>makes it unfit for its purpose<\/q>. The 3rd civil chamber held on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/6502aed619cd7f05e6c29c1b\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">14 September 2023, No. 22-13.858, FS-B<\/a> that <q>the health risk to which the occupants of a building are exposed may, by its seriousness, alone make the building unfit for its purpose, even if it has not materialised within the probationary period<\/q> (our translation).<\/p><p>Case law also addresses progressive defects. The 3rd civil chamber held on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607968d59ba5988459c499f3\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">4 November 2010, No. 09-70.235, Bull<\/a> that a court of appeal cannot apply ten-year liability to progressive defects without finding that they were <q>of a nature to compromise the soundness of the work or to render it unfit for its purpose before the expiry of the ten-year warranty period<\/q> (our translation). Characterisation depends on the findings of the expert assessment.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is tacit acceptance valid?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes, under strict conditions. Tacit acceptance requires an <q>unequivocal intention<\/q> of the project owner to accept the work. The 3rd civil chamber held on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/5fca797db65b4267968f32b4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197, FS-P+B+I<\/a> that <q>payment of the full cost of the works on a lot and its taking of possession by the project owner give rise to a presumption of tacit acceptance<\/q> (our translation).<\/p><p>The presumption falls away where the project owner disputes the quality of the works. In its judgment of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/607dde49bdd797b53ae6e17f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1 April 2021, No. 20-14.975, FS-P<\/a>, the 3rd civil chamber confirmed that the court of appeal, having held <q>that the project owners' intention to accept the work, even with snags noted, was equivocal<\/q>, could deduce from this that there was no tacit acceptance (our translation). The firm's practice: prevent disputes by formalising an acceptance report, even with snags noted, which secures the time limits of the warranties.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Must the acceptance report always be signed?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. Acceptance without snags noted amounts to a waiver of the right to rely on apparent defects. If defects or unfinished work are visible, the project owner must record them in the report by noting snags. Snags trigger the one-year completion warranty of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443552\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code<\/a> for one year from acceptance.<\/p><p>Where major defects prevent use of the work, the project owner may refuse acceptance or ask the court to appoint an expert before any acceptance. The practical rule: prepare a joint inspection, list in advance the points to check, refuse to sign if a defect makes the work unfit for its purpose, and record the snags precisely. To go further, see <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/works-acceptance-lawyer\/\">the page on acceptance of the works<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How much does construction litigation cost?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The cost depends on the complexity of the case, the number of builders involved and the phase. A court-appointed expert assessment generates expert fees (initial deposit generally \u20ac3,000 to \u20ac8,000, adjusted afterwards according to the work done) and lawyer's fees covering the submissions to the expert. The merits phase adds the cost of the writ of summons, written submissions and the hearing.<\/p><p>A project owner who succeeds may claim an order for costs and for irrecoverable costs under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In high-stakes cases, the increase to double the legal rate under Article L. 242-1 of the Insurance Code often absorbs much of the cost of fees. At the start of a case, the firm sets out a fee framework covering the expert assessment and hearing phases.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does ten-year liability apply to renovation works?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Ten-year liability applies to works that amount to a <q>work<\/q> within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006443502\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 1792 of the Civil Code<\/a>. Case law has held that major renovation works, including alteration of the structure, laying of floors, conversion of attics or complete re-roofing, may constitute a work and benefit from ten-year liability.<\/p><p>Conversely, routine maintenance, limited repairs and cosmetic finishing work fall outside its scope. Characterisation depends on technical analysis: whether the works are incorporated into the structure, the extent of the materials used, the nature of the intervention. The court-appointed expert assessment is generally decisive on this point. The firm's practice is to characterise the works from the quote stage, to anticipate the applicable regime.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court hears a construction dispute in Paris?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The Paris judicial court is competent for construction disputes concerning a building located in Paris, on the basis of Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure (real property matters). For projects in the inner suburbs, the judicial courts of Bobigny (93), Cr\u00e9teil (94), Nanterre (92) or Versailles (78) may be competent depending on the municipality.<\/p><p>The Paris court of appeal hears appeals against judgments of the Paris judicial court and of the other judicial courts within its jurisdiction. The firm, located at <a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\">11 rue Margueritte 75017 Paris<\/a>, regularly pleads before these courts and coordinates court-appointed expert assessments across the whole jurisdiction. Mastery of procedural rules and rigorous monitoring of time limits determine the outcome of the case.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Do I need a lawyer as soon as defects appear?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Not necessarily, but the advantage is clear where the stakes are serious. A lawyer helps avoid common mistakes: signing a report without suitable snags noted, notifying a loss by a simple email, waiting too long before characterising a defect legally, accepting a clearly insufficient compensation offer. Each mistake can cost key levers: warranty time limits, presumption of liability, burden of proof.<\/p><p>Early intervention protects time limits and structures the evidence file. The firm drafts formal notice letters, arranges bailiff's reports, initiates court-appointed expert assessments and then pleads on the merits. On high-stakes projects, the investment in fees upfront is generally recovered from the expert assessment onwards.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is a construction case file prepared?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A solid file rests on four pillars. First, the contract: works contract, quotes, execution drawings, ten-year liability and building-damage insurance certificates. Next, the chronology: service orders, site meeting minutes, acceptance, letters noting snags. Then the technical evidence: dated photos, bailiff's reports, amicable expert reports, repair quotes. Finally, the financial chain: invoices, interim statements of work, proof of payment, retention of payment as a guarantee.<\/p><p>The firm's practice is to assemble this file as if it were to be brought before the judge from the first exchange. Initial rigour avoids later challenges from the insurer or the opposing party and makes it possible to quickly bring an urgent application for an expert assessment under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410727\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" class=\"kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/article_lc\/LEGIARTI000006410727\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\">Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure<\/a>.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">Articles 1792 to 1792-6<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006073984\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006073984\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Insurance Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">construction insurance, Articles L. 241-1 and L. 242-1<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070716\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Code of Civil Procedure<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">urgent application for an expert assessment, Article 145<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/ten-year-builders-liability-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Ten-year builder's liability<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-defects-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Construction defects<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/works-acceptance-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Acceptance of the works<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/dommages-ouvrage-insurance-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Building-damage insurance<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/building-expert-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Building expert assessment<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's work<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's real estate practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 11 June 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>Construction dispute? Book a <em>call today<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Before or after acceptance, the speed of analysis shapes the rest of the case. Send the works contract, the acceptance report and the photos: the firm replies within 24 to 48 business hours with the appropriate procedural route.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Who is liable for a defect that appears after acceptance?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The liability regime depends on the nature of the defect. For defects and faulty workmanship noted at acceptance or within the following year, the one-year completion warranty of Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code applies. For separable items of equipment, the two-year warranty of good working order (1792-3) applies. For defects that compromise structural soundness or make the work unfit for its purpose, the ten-year liability of Article 1792 of the Civil Code applies. Identifying the regime is decisive: it determines the limitation period, the nature of the evidence and the insurer to be called in. The firm's practice requires a precise characterisation as soon as the first defects appear, generally supported by an adversarial or court-appointed expert assessment. To go further, see the page on construction defects.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"When does the ten-year liability begin?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The ten-year liability runs from acceptance of the works. Acceptance is the act by which the project owner declares that it accepts the work, with or without snags noted. It may be express, by a joint report, or tacit if taking possession and payment show an unequivocal intention to accept the work. The 3rd civil chamber held on 30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197, FS-P+B+I that completion of the whole of the work is not a condition for taking possession of a lot and for its acceptance and that payment of the full cost of the works on a lot and its taking of possession by the project owner give rise to a presumption of tacit acceptance. The starting point of the ten-year liability is therefore the date of acceptance, express or tacit. To go further, see the page on acceptance of the works.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is an expert assessment always necessary?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An expert assessment is rarely mandatory but often decisive. Where there are technical defects, the legal characterisation depends on an analysis of causes, origin and extent that is for the expert. The amicable expert assessment, organised by the insurers, serves first to fix the insurer's position on cover. The court-appointed expert assessment, ordered in urgent application proceedings under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure, is adversarial, binding on all parties and generally decisive for the proceedings on the merits. The practical rule: seek a court-appointed expert assessment as soon as an insurer disputes cover, a contractor hides behind a subcontractor, or the project owner has to deal with several participants. To go further, see the page on building expert assessment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which insurance should I take out before building?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"For the project owner, building-damage insurance is mandatory before the site opens (Article L. 242-1 of the Insurance Code). It pre-finances ten-year repairs without waiting for responsibilities to be determined. For builders, ten-year liability insurance is required of every participant in the building process. For the project manager, professional liability insurance is essential. Checking the participants' insurance certificates determines the financial soundness of the project. A certificate may be required at signature of the contract, before the start of the works and at each annual renewal. The policy must specifically cover the project in progress and the nature of the works. To go further, see the page on building-damage insurance and the page on ten-year liability.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is abandonment of the works penalised?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Abandonment of the works by the contractor exposes it to termination of the contract for its sole fault and to damages for the additional cost of completion. Evidence is built in three stages: formal notice to resume the works within a specified period, a bailiff's report of the abandonment, and an assessment of the financial consequences (completion quotes, loss of enjoyment, late-completion penalties). Where the default continues, the project owner may, after formal notice, sue for termination and have the works completed by another contractor at the defaulting contractor's cost and risk. This route is burdensome but is justified when the contractor stalls or denies that the breaches occurred. For high-stakes projects, the urgent application for an interim payment may be paired with the urgent application for an expert assessment, so as to move forward in parallel on the merits and on the technical assessment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can late-completion penalties be cumulated?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The late-completion penalties provided for in the contract are due by operation of law if the contractual deadline is exceeded, unless a clause expressly makes them subject to prior formal notice. They apply without the need to show specific loss. The judge may adjust the amount if the penalty clause appears manifestly excessive or derisory within the meaning of Article 1231-5 of the Civil Code. Cumulation with other heads of compensation (loss of enjoyment, rehousing costs, additional credit costs) is possible if the contract does not prohibit it and the loss is distinct. In practice, negotiation focuses first on the formal validity of the notice and on the characterisation of the causes of delay (force majeure, fault of the project owner, changes to the plans). The firm advises contractors and project owners alike on this balance.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can I take action against several builders?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The action is brought in solidum against all builders whose liability may be engaged, whether the general contractor, the subcontractor, the project manager or the design office. An in solidum judgment allows the project owner to turn to the party with the financial resources or to the soundest insurer. The apportionment between builders then takes place through claims between them. The court-appointed expert assessment is generally the necessary step: it determines each party's share of responsibility. Before the trial judge, builders often seek to shift liability onto their subcontractor or to invoke a fault of the project owner. The rigour of the evidence file and the coordination of the writs of summons determine the effectiveness of the action. For Paris projects, the Paris judicial court is generally competent.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which defects fall under the ten-year liability?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Article 1792 of the Civil Code covers damage that compromises the soundness of the work or that, affecting it in one of its constituent or equipment elements, makes it unfit for its purpose. The 3rd civil chamber held on 14 September 2023, No. 22-13.858, FS-B that the health risk to which the occupants of a building are exposed may, by its seriousness, alone make the building unfit for its purpose, even if it has not materialised within the probationary period. Case law also addresses progressive defects. The 3rd civil chamber held on 4 November 2010, No. 09-70.235, Bull that a court of appeal cannot apply ten-year liability to progressive defects without finding that they were of a nature to compromise the soundness of the work or to render it unfit for its purpose before the ten-year warranty period expired. Characterisation depends on the findings of the expert assessment.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is tacit acceptance valid?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes, under strict conditions. Tacit acceptance requires an unequivocal intention of the project owner to accept the work. The 3rd civil chamber held on 30 January 2019, No. 18-10.197, FS-P+B+I that payment of the full cost of the works on a lot and its taking of possession by the project owner give rise to a presumption of tacit acceptance. The presumption falls away where the project owner disputes the quality of the works. In its judgment of 1 April 2021, No. 20-14.975, FS-P, the 3rd civil chamber confirmed that the court of appeal, having held that the project owners' intention to accept the work, even with snags noted, was equivocal, could deduce from this that there was no tacit acceptance. The firm's practice: prevent disputes by formalising an acceptance report, even with snags noted, which secures the time limits of the warranties.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Must the acceptance report always be signed?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. Acceptance without snags noted amounts to a waiver of the right to rely on apparent defects. If defects or unfinished work are visible, the project owner must record them in the report by noting snags. Snags trigger the one-year completion warranty of Article 1792-6 of the Civil Code for one year from acceptance. Where major defects prevent use of the work, the project owner may refuse acceptance or ask the court to appoint an expert before any acceptance. The practical rule: prepare a joint inspection, list in advance the points to check, refuse to sign if a defect makes the work unfit for its purpose, and record the snags precisely. To go further, see the page on acceptance of the works.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How much does construction litigation cost?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The cost depends on the complexity of the case, the number of builders involved and the phase. A court-appointed expert assessment generates expert fees (initial deposit generally \u20ac3,000 to \u20ac8,000, adjusted afterwards according to the work done) and lawyer's fees covering the submissions to the expert. The merits phase adds the cost of the writ of summons, written submissions and the hearing. A project owner who succeeds may claim an order for costs and for irrecoverable costs under Article 700 of the Code of Civil Procedure. In high-stakes cases, the increase to double the legal rate under Article L. 242-1 of the Insurance Code often absorbs much of the cost of fees. At the start of a case, the firm sets out a fee framework covering the expert assessment and hearing phases.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does ten-year liability apply to renovation works?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Ten-year liability applies to works that amount to a work (ouvrage) within the meaning of Article 1792 of the Civil Code. Case law has held that major renovation works, including alteration of the structure, laying of floors, conversion of attics or complete re-roofing, may constitute a work and benefit from ten-year liability. Conversely, routine maintenance, limited repairs and cosmetic finishing work fall outside its scope. Characterisation depends on technical analysis: whether the works are incorporated into the structure, the extent of the materials used, the nature of the intervention. The court-appointed expert assessment is generally decisive on this point. The firm's practice is to characterise the works from the quote stage, to anticipate the applicable regime.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court hears a construction dispute in Paris?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The Paris judicial court is competent for construction disputes concerning a building located in Paris, on the basis of Article 44 of the Code of Civil Procedure (real property matters). For projects in the inner suburbs, the judicial courts of Bobigny (93), Cr\u00e9teil (94), Nanterre (92) or Versailles (78) may be competent depending on the municipality. The Paris court of appeal hears appeals against judgments of the Paris judicial court and of the other judicial courts within its jurisdiction. The firm, located at 11 rue Margueritte 75017 Paris, regularly pleads before these courts and coordinates court-appointed expert assessments across the whole jurisdiction. Mastery of procedural rules and rigorous monitoring of time limits determine the outcome of the case.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Do I need a lawyer as soon as defects appear?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Not necessarily, but the advantage is clear where the stakes are serious. A lawyer helps avoid common mistakes: signing a report without suitable snags noted, notifying a loss by a simple email, waiting too long before characterising a defect legally, accepting a clearly insufficient compensation offer. Each mistake can cost key levers: warranty time limits, presumption of liability, burden of proof. Early intervention protects time limits and structures the evidence file. The firm drafts formal notice letters, arranges bailiff's reports, initiates court-appointed expert assessments and then pleads on the merits. On high-stakes projects, the investment in fees upfront is generally recovered from the expert assessment onwards.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How is a construction case file prepared?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A solid file rests on four pillars. First, the contract: works contract, quotes, execution drawings, ten-year liability and building-damage insurance certificates. Next, the chronology: service orders, site meeting minutes, acceptance, letters noting snags. Then the technical evidence: dated photos, bailiff's reports, amicable expert reports, repair quotes. Finally, the financial chain: invoices, interim statements of work, proof of payment, retention of payment as a guarantee. The firm's practice is to assemble this file as if it were to be brought before the judge from the first exchange. Initial rigour avoids later challenges from the insurer or the opposing party and makes it possible to quickly bring an urgent application for an expert assessment under Article 145 of the Code of Civil Procedure.\"}}]}<\/script>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"Construction law lawyer in Paris \u2014 Kohen Avocats\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-law-lawyer\/\", \"telephone\": \"+33646605822\", \"email\": \"contact@kohenavocats.fr\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"11 rue Margueritte\", \"postalCode\": \"75017\", \"addressLocality\": \"Paris\", \"addressCountry\": \"FR\"}, \"areaServed\": \"The Paris region (\u00cele-de-France)\", \"founder\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"Reda Kohen\", \"jobTitle\": \"Lawyer at the Paris Bar\", \"sameAs\": 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155009 post-2155009 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/22\/france-colocation-flatshare-rules-joint-lease-liability-deposit-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Renting Your Paris Flat to Sharers: French Flatsharing (Colocation) Rules Foreign Landlords Must Master<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Construction law revolves around acceptance of the works: before it, the works contract governs; after it, the one-year completion warranty, the two-year equipment warranty and the ten-year liability apply. As a construction law lawyer in Paris, the firm [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1642220,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161030","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Construction Law Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Construction law lawyer Paris: works contracts, ten-year liability and expert assessments. Send your documents and call the firm.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/construction-law-lawyer\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Construction law lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Construction law lawyer Paris: works contracts, ten-year liability and expert assessments. 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