{"id":2161014,"date":"2024-06-06T09:07:51","date_gmt":"2024-06-06T07:07:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/?page_id=2161014"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:56:41","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T19:56:41","slug":"commercial-tenancy-lawyer","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/commercial-tenancy-lawyer\/","title":{"rendered":"Commercial tenancy lawyer in Paris: rent, renewal and eviction"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"2161014\" class=\"elementor elementor-2161014 elementor-2028\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v518e99 e-con-full e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"v518e99\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-v518e99w elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"v518e99w\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"kcv\" id=\"kci-root\" data-refresh-marker=\"refonte-fr-v3-2028-20261014\">\n<section class=\"kcv-hero\" aria-labelledby=\"kch-h1\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Commercial leases \u2014 landlords and tenants<\/p>\n      <h1 id=\"kch-h1\"><em>Commercial tenancy lawyer<\/em> in Paris:<span class=\"kcv-tail\"> rent, renewal and eviction.<\/span><\/h1>\n      <p class=\"kcv-sub\">The commercial lease statute in Articles L. 145-1 et seq. of the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce) involves high financial stakes: eviction compensation, uncapping of the rent, the termination clause. As a commercial tenancy lawyer in Paris, the firm advises and defends landlords and commercial tenants before the Paris judicial court (tribunal judiciaire) and the commercial rent judge (juge des loyers commerciaux).<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcv-urg\"><strong>A notice to quit or a refusal of renewal must be challenged within two years, and a formal demand to pay must be neutralised within one month.<\/strong> Send the lease and the deeds without delay.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-stagewrap\"><div class=\"kcv-stageshadow\"><div class=\"kcv-stage\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2028-paysage-20261014.webp\" media=\"(min-width:761px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <link rel=\"preload\" as=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2028-paysage-1080-20261014.webp\" media=\"(max-width:760px)\" fetchpriority=\"high\">\n      <div class=\"kcv-media\" aria-hidden=\"true\" style=\"--kcv-img:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2028-paysage-20261014.webp');--kcv-img-m:url('https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/kohen-v3\/kohen-fr-2028-paysage-1080-20261014.webp')\"><\/div>\n      <div class=\"kcv-panel kcv-glass\" id=\"kch-form\">\n        <div class=\"kcv-panel-head\">\n          <div>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-k\">Commercial leases \u00b7 Paris<\/p>\n            <h2 class=\"kcv-panel-t\">Get a <em>first analysis<\/em><\/h2>\n            <p class=\"kcv-panel-l\">Landlord or tenant, the commercial lease often determines the value of the property or of the business. Send the lease, the riders and the documents exchanged: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours with a legal assessment and a strategy.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"kcv-chip kcv-glass\"><p class=\"kcv-chip-n\">24 \u00e0 48 h<\/p><p class=\"kcv-chip-x\">first legal<br>review<\/p><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"kcf-wrap\">\n<form id=\"kcf-2form\" data-kcf data-api-url=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-json\/kohen-form\/v1\/submit\" data-vps-url=\"https:\/\/upload-fr.46-224-152-225.sslip.io\/submit\" data-max-size=\"1073741824\" data-max-files=\"500\" novalidate enctype=\"multipart\/form-data\">\n  <input type=\"hidden\" name=\"rendered_at\" value=\"1776847557\">\n  <div class=\"kcf-hp\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><label for=\"kcf-2website\">Do not fill in<\/label><input id=\"kcf-2website\" name=\"website\" type=\"text\" tabindex=\"-1\" autocomplete=\"off\"><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-price\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-price-amount\">\u20ac80<small>incl. 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Payment is made online after this form is sent.<\/p>\n      <ul class=\"kcf-price-meta\">\n        <li>Up to 1 GB of documents, folders and subfolders accepted<\/li>\n        <li>Secure payment, no banking data stored<\/li>\n        <li><a href=\"\/conditions-etude-prealable\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Terms and fee agreement<\/a><\/li>\n      <\/ul>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-row\">\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2name\">Full name<\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"text\" id=\"kcf-2name\" name=\"name\" placeholder=\"Your name\" required autocomplete=\"name\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2name-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2name-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n      <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2phone\">Telephone <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional)<\/span><\/label>\n      <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"tel\" inputmode=\"tel\" id=\"kcf-2phone\" name=\"phone\" placeholder=\"06 00 00 00 00\" autocomplete=\"tel\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2phone-err\">\n      <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2phone-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2email\">Email address<\/label>\n    <input class=\"kcf-input\" type=\"email\" id=\"kcf-2email\" name=\"email\" placeholder=\"your@email.com\" required autocomplete=\"email\" spellcheck=\"false\" autocapitalize=\"off\" aria-describedby=\"kcf-2email-err\">\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2email-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  \n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\" for=\"kcf-2message\">Message<\/label>\n    <textarea class=\"kcf-textarea\" id=\"kcf-2message\" name=\"message\" placeholder=\"Briefly describe your situation...\" required aria-describedby=\"kcf-2message-err\"><\/textarea>\n    <p class=\"kcf-field-error\" id=\"kcf-2message-err\" role=\"alert\"><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcf-group\">\n    <label class=\"kcf-label\">Attachments <span class=\"kcf-optional\">(optional, 500 files max, 1 GB)<\/span><\/label>\n    <div class=\"kcf-dropzone\" id=\"kcf-2dropzone\">\n      <svg class=\"kcf-dropzone-icon\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.5\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M21 15v4a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H5a2 2 0 0 1-2-2v-4\"\/><polyline points=\"17 8 12 3 7 8\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"3\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"15\"\/><\/svg>\n      <p class=\"kcf-dropzone-text\"><strong>Click<\/strong> or drag your files here<br>All formats accepted (PDF, Word, images, etc.)<\/p>\n      <input type=\"file\" name=\"attachments\" id=\"kcf-2files\" multiple>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-file-list\" id=\"kcf-2filelist\"><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcf-progress\" id=\"kcf-2progress\">\n      <div class=\"kcf-progress-bar\"><div class=\"kcf-progress-fill\" id=\"kcf-2progressfill\"><\/div><\/div>\n      <p class=\"kcf-progress-text\" id=\"kcf-2progresstext\">Sending...<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n  <button type=\"submit\" class=\"kcf-btn\">\n    <span class=\"kcf-spinner\"><\/span>\n    <span class=\"kcf-btn-text\">Pay \u20ac80 and send my case<\/span>\n  <\/button>\n  <div class=\"kcf-msg\" role=\"status\" aria-live=\"polite\" aria-atomic=\"true\" tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div>\n  <p class=\"kcf-note\">Payment constitutes a request for immediate performance of your analysis. 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l'\u00c9tat.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur data.gouv.fr\"},{\"titre\":\"Commentaires des d\u00e9cisions de justice par l'IA g\u00e9n\u00e9rative\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.data.gouv.fr\/reuses\/commentaires-des-decisions-de-justice-par-lia-generative\",\"citation\":\"R\u00e9utilisation des donn\u00e9es publiques de justice publi\u00e9e par Kohen Avocats et r\u00e9f\u00e9renc\u00e9e sur data.gouv.fr.\",\"auteur\":\"data.gouv.fr\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la r\u00e9utilisation sur data.gouv.fr\"}]},\"awwwards\":{\"nom\":\"Awwwards\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Kohen Avocats, site nomm\u00e9 aux Awwwards\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.awwwards.com\/sites\/kohen-avocats\",\"citation\":\"Le site du cabinet figure parmi les sites nomm\u00e9s (\u00ab Nominee \u00bb) par Awwwards, r\u00e9f\u00e9rence internationale du design web.\",\"auteur\":\"Awwwards\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Awwwards\"}]},\"pappers\":{\"nom\":\"Pappers\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Divorce du dirigeant : ce que le r\u00e9gime matrimonial change pour votre soci\u00e9t\u00e9\",\"date\":\"2026-09-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.pappers.fr\/gestion-entreprise\/divorce-dirigeant-regime-matrimonial\",\"citation\":\"Le dirigeant a int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 faire travailler ensemble son expert-comptable, son notaire et un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit de la famille \u00e0 Paris.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Ma\u00eetre KOHEN Reda, avocat \u00e0 Paris\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/justice.pappers.fr\/avocat\/kohen-reda-75017\",\"citation\":\"Fiche de Me Reda Kohen sur Pappers Justice, avec les d\u00e9cisions de justice publi\u00e9es o\u00f9 il est intervenu.\",\"auteur\":\"Pappers Justice\",\"paraphrase\":true,\"libelle\":\"Voir la fiche sur Pappers Justice\"}]},\"leboncoin\":{\"nom\":\"Leboncoin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Bouilloires thermiques : bient\u00f4t interdites \u00e0 la location ?\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.leboncoin.fr\/guide\/immobilier\/bouilloires-thermiques-bientot-interdites-a-la-location-hfpj70o6.html\",\"citation\":\"Le guide immobilier cite une analyse de kohenavocats.fr parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Leboncoin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"femme-actuelle\":{\"nom\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"S\u00e9paration ou divorce : quelle banque et quel cr\u00e9dit pour repartir sur de bonnes bases ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.femmeactuelle.fr\/vie-pratique\/news-vie-pratique\/separation-ou-divorce-quelle-banque-et-quel-credit-pour-repartir-sur-de-bonnes-bases-2211980\",\"citation\":\"L'article cite une analyse de kohenavocats.com parmi ses sources.\",\"auteur\":\"Femme Actuelle\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"economie-matin\":{\"nom\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Nouveau bail 2026 : ce que les propri\u00e9taires doivent anticiper d\u00e8s maintenant\",\"date\":\"2026-09-10\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.economiematin.fr\/bail-nouveau-2026-proprietaires-anticiper\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9cret n\u00b0 2026-596 du 7 juillet 2026, l'article renvoie \u00e0 l'analyse publi\u00e9e par le cabinet.\",\"auteur\":\"\u00c9conomie Matin\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"la-voix-du-nord\":{\"nom\":\"La Voix du Nord\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Que risquent les personnes qui ach\u00e8tent des objets vol\u00e9s le 17 octobre ?\",\"date\":\"2026-10-19\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.lavoixdunord.fr\/1747700\/article\/2026-10-19\/que-risquent-les-personnes-qui-achetent-des-objets-voles-le-17-octobre\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019infraction suppose la connaissance de l\u2019origine : savoir que l\u2019objet provient d\u2019un vol.\",\"auteur\":\"Me Hassan Kohen\"}]},\"sortir-a-paris\":{\"nom\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Manifestation du 24 octobre \u00e0 Paris : parcours, nouvelles stations ferm\u00e9es, les infos\",\"date\":\"2026-10-20\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.sortiraparis.com\/actualites\/a-paris\/articles\/355171-manifestation-du-24-octobre-a-paris-parcours-nouvelles-stations-fermees-les-infos\",\"citation\":\"Sur le d\u00e9lai de d\u00e9claration d\u2019une manifestation \u00e0 Paris, l\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 l\u2019analyse du cabinet, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 comme \u00ab un avocat p\u00e9naliste parisien \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Sortir \u00e0 Paris\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"science-et-vie\":{\"nom\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Canicule : sans climatisation, ces quelques gestes simples permettraient de faire chuter la temp\u00e9rature de votre logement\",\"date\":\"2026-07-07\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.science-et-vie.com\/nature-et-environnement\/climat\/canicule-sans-climatisation-quelques-gestes-simples-permettraient-de-faire-chuter-la-temperature-de-votre-logement-247975.html\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article renvoie \u00e0 deux analyses du cabinet : l\u2019obligation de d\u00e9livrer un logement d\u00e9cent pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et l\u2019ordonnance du tribunal judiciaire de B\u00e9ziers du 31 mars 2026 sur une climatisation install\u00e9e sans autorisation.\",\"auteur\":\"Science \\u0026 Vie\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"frandroid\":{\"nom\":\"Frandroid\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Rakuten France : comment r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer vos factures, vos garanties et vos points Club R\",\"date\":\"2026-09-30\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.frandroid.com\/culture-tech\/web\/3266559_fin-de-rakuten-france-comment-recuperer-vos-factures-vos-garanties-et-vos-points-club-r\",\"citation\":\"Le cabinet Kohen Avocats leur conseille de retirer cet argent et de t\u00e9l\u00e9charger tout leur historique avant le 10 novembre.\",\"auteur\":\"Frandroid\",\"paraphrase\":true},{\"titre\":\"Goutte-\u00e0-goutte et inondation : que faire quand la climatisation du voisin ruine votre terrasse 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Voil\u00e0 pourquoi\",\"date\":\"2026-10-25\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.magicmaman.com\/vous-vivez-en-immeuble-et-vous-n-avez-toujours-pas-de-chauffage-cet-automne-voila-pourquoi,3787269.asp\",\"citation\":\"Cette date nationale n\u2019existe pas. La loi ne fixe pas un calendrier d\u2019allumage commun \u00e0 tous les immeubles.\",\"auteur\":\"Cabinet Kohen Avocats\"}]},\"next\":{\"nom\":\"Next\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Fin de Bloctel, interdiction du d\u00e9marchage d\u00e8s le 11 ao\u00fbt : on fait le point\",\"date\":\"2026-08-04\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/next.ink\/249950\/fin-de-bloctel-interdiction-du-demarchage-des-le-11-aout-on-fait-le-point\/\",\"citation\":\"Selon le cabinet Kohen Avocats, les jurisprudences dans ce secteur devraient \u00ab \u00e9clairer la port\u00e9e du futur r\u00e9gime \u00bb.\",\"auteur\":\"Next\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"actu-juridique\":{\"nom\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Magistrature et franc-ma\u00e7onnerie : que dit le droit ?\",\"date\":\"2026-09-22\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.actu-juridique.fr\/professions\/magistrats\/magistrature-et-franc-maconnerie-stupeur-et-evitements\/\",\"citation\":\"L\u2019article cite en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence l\u2019analyse de Ma\u00eetre Hassan Kohen, avocat en droit p\u00e9nal \u00e0 Paris, sur l\u2019avis du Coll\u00e8ge de d\u00e9ontologie du 9 juin 2026.\",\"auteur\":\"Actu-Juridique\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"batiweb\":{\"nom\":\"Batiweb\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Mayotte : Lecornu veut un \u00ab choc de mises en chantier \u00bb\",\"date\":\"2026-08-27\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.batiweb.com\/actualites\/urbanisme\/reconstruction-mayotte-lecornu-choc-mises-chantier-49208\",\"citation\":\"Sur les autorisations d\u2019urbanisme n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 la reconstruction de Mayotte, l\u2019article cite les explications de Me Reda Kohen.\",\"auteur\":\"Batiweb\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"berliner-zeitung\":{\"nom\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Null Euro Miete, daf\u00fcr Quizabende mit Rentnern: Wie eine 18-J\u00e4hrige ins Seniorenheim zog\",\"date\":\"2026-09-21\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.berliner-zeitung.de\/article\/null-euro-miete-dafuer-quizabende-mit-rentnern-wie-eine-18-jaehrige-ins-seniorenheim-zog-10414380\",\"citation\":\"Der Pariser Anwalt Reda Kohen ordnet das Modell als Gebrauchsleihe ein: Die Wohnung wird \u00fcberlassen, nicht vermietet.\",\"auteur\":\"Berliner Zeitung\",\"paraphrase\":true}]},\"startupitalia\":{\"nom\":\"StartupItalia\",\"articles\":[{\"titre\":\"Quasi 13 miliardi di dollari di Nvidia per la sconosciuta Hugging Face. 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if(e.key==='ArrowLeft'&&actuel>0){e.preventDefault();aller(actuel-1);}});\ns.querySelectorAll('button.knp__logo').forEach(function(b){b.addEventListener('click',function(e){ouvrir(b,e.detail===0&&b.tabIndex>=0);});});\n}\ndocument.querySelectorAll('.knp').forEach(lier);\n})();\n<\/script>\n<\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-tabs\" id=\"kcv-cabinet\" aria-label=\"Commercial leases in Paris\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-tabs-head\">\n      <p class=\"kk\">Kohen Avocats, Paris 17<\/p>\n      <h2>When to consult a commercial tenancy lawyer <em>in Paris<\/em>?<\/h2>\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-bar\"><div class=\"kcv-chips\" role=\"tablist\" aria-label=\"Case sections\"><button class=\"kcv-chip-t on\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" aria-controls=\"kcv-avocat\" aria-selected=\"true\" tabindex=\"0\">The lawyer<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p1\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The statute<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p2\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Your documents<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p3\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The method<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p4\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The timetable<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" aria-controls=\"kcv-p5\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">The checks<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" aria-controls=\"kcv-synthese\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Summary<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" aria-controls=\"kcv-faq\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Questions<\/button><button class=\"kcv-chip-t\" type=\"button\" role=\"tab\" id=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" aria-controls=\"kcv-textes\" aria-selected=\"false\" tabindex=\"-1\">Legal texts<\/button><\/div><\/div>\n    <div class=\"kcv-track\"><div class=\"kcv-slide kcv-on\" id=\"kcv-avocat\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-avocat\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<div class=\"kcv-pro\">\n  <figure class=\"kcv-pro-photo\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" src=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/kohen-footer\/portrait-reda-20260920-lignes-orange.jpg\" alt=\"Reda Kohen, lawyer at the Paris Bar\" width=\"1122\" height=\"1402\" loading=\"eager\" decoding=\"async\">\n    <figcaption class=\"kcv-pro-cap kcv-glass\"><span class=\"kcv-pro-capn\">Reda Kohen<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pro-capr\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar<\/span><\/figcaption>\n  <\/figure>\n  <div class=\"kcv-pro-body\">\n    <p class=\"kk\">Real estate law \u00b7 Paris 17th arrondissement<\/p>\n    <h2>What a <em>commercial tenancy lawyer<\/em> does in Paris<\/h2>\n    <ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Paris Bar<\/li><li>Real estate law<\/li><li>Firm in Paris 17th<\/li><\/ul>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Lawyer at the Paris Bar \u2014 real estate law and commercial lease litigation.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">A commercial lease runs for at least nine years, with a right for the tenant to terminate every three years. On expiry, the tenant is entitled to renewal or to eviction compensation covering the value of the business and of the lease right. The renewed rent is capped unless there has been a significant change. The termination clause requires a valid formal demand to pay and a one-month period; the judge may grant time to pay, which suspends it. Every step turns on formalities and timing.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-p\">Send what you have, even if incomplete: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you. In an emergency, call <a href=\"tel:+33646605822\">06 46 60 58 22<\/a>.<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-pro-meta\"><a href=\"https:\/\/consultation.avocat.fr\/avocat-paris\/reda-kohen-54670.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Official profile in the directory of French lawyers (CNB)<\/a><span>Firm at 11 rue Margueritte, 75017 Paris<\/span><\/p>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A protected right to renewal<\/h3><p>The lease ends only by notice to quit given six months in advance or by a request for renewal. A landlord who refuses must pay eviction compensation equal to the loss caused, including the value of the business (Article L. 145-14).<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Rent under a triple mechanism<\/h3><p>Capping of the renewed rent, three-yearly review, sliding-scale clause: each lever requires strict formalities. Uncapping to the rental value is obtained by proving a significant change.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>A regulated termination clause<\/h3><p>Termination by operation of law takes effect only one month after a valid formal demand to pay (Article L. 145-41). The judge may grant time to pay and suspend the clause as long as the termination has not been finally established.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p1\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p1\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The statute<\/p>\n<h2>A public-policy statute with <em>high financial stakes<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four rules structure commercial lease litigation.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-conds\">\n  <li>The statute applies to premises where a business is operated by a registered trader or a craftsman: minimum term of nine years, tenant's right to terminate every three years (Article L. 145-4 of the Commercial Code).<\/li>\n  <li>The lease ends only by notice to quit served by extrajudicial instrument six months in advance, with reasons given on pain of nullity, or by a request for renewal (Article L. 145-9).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>A refusal of renewal obliges the landlord to pay eviction compensation<\/strong>: market value of the business, removal and relocation costs, transfer duties (Article L. 145-14).<\/li>\n  <li>The renewed rent corresponds to the rental value, capped by the change in the index unless there is a significant change in the local factors of commerciality or in the characteristics of the premises (Articles L. 145-33 and L. 145-34).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>The value of the lease right (droit au bail) is a distinct component of the business: the Court of Cassation sets aside a judgment that values it at zero solely because the tenant relocated at lower cost (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/616676cfa1c75d6f42603edf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 13 October 2021, No. 20-19.340<\/a>). And landlord obligations transferred to the tenant without consideration, such as the property tax, reduce the rental value (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.courdecassation.fr\/decision\/697b041dcdc6046d47116578\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Cass. 3e civ., 29 January 2026, No. 24-17.227<\/a>).<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p2\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p2\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Your documents<\/p>\n<h2>What to send depending on <em>your role<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Four profiles, four sets of documents. The itemised statement and the served instruments make the difference.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-duel\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-a\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position A<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Commercial landlord<\/p><ul><li>Signed lease, riders and entry inventory of condition<\/li><li>Notices to quit or renewal requests exchanged<\/li><li>Served formal demand to pay and itemised statement of rent and service charges<\/li><li>Insurance policies and proof of ownership<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-or\" aria-hidden=\"true\">or<\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-opt kcv-opt-b\"><p class=\"kcv-opt-k\">Position B<\/p><p class=\"kcv-opt-t\">Operating tenant<\/p><ul><li>Signed lease, riders, Kbis extract<\/li><li>Operating accounts for the last three financial years<\/li><li>Proof of turnover<\/li><li>Letters from the landlord, notice to quit or formal demand to pay received<\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Common mistakes: on the landlord's side, a lump-sum statement that is not itemised; on the tenant's side, operations interrupted without informing the landlord.<\/p><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">The firm also handles the roles linked to an assignment:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"kcv-pro-tags\"><li>Seller of the business<\/li><li>Buyer of the business<\/li><li>Joint and several guarantee on assignment<\/li><li>Short-term commercial lease, Article L. 145-5<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p3\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p3\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The method<\/p>\n<h2>How the firm <em>supports you<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Most commercial lease cases are settled at the amicable stage when the diagnosis is rigorous.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 1<\/p><h3>First exchange and sending of the file<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Call or email, sending of the lease, the riders, the notice to quit or formal demand to pay and the accounts. Preliminary legal assessment within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 2<\/p><h3>Audit of the lease and of the strategy<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Identification of the levers: renewal, uncapping of the rent, challenge to the notice to quit, defence against the termination clause, negotiation of an assignment. Calibration of the procedural timetable.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 3<\/p><h3>Amicable phase, then judicial phase<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Formal notice, draft settlement agreement; failing that, written submissions and oral argument before the commercial rent judge or the commercial leases chamber, followed by the court-appointed expert assessment.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Step 4<\/p><h3>Monitoring of enforcement<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\">Service of the judgment, handling of the opposing party's appeals, amicable or forced enforcement, coordination with the bailiff (commissaire de justice) for eviction or recovery.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-callout\"><span class=\"kcv-callout-i\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"22\" height=\"22\" fill=\"currentColor\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M9.6 6C6.5 7.4 4.5 10 4.5 13.4V18h6v-6H7.6c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L9.6 6zm9 0c-3.1 1.4-5.1 4-5.1 7.4V18h6v-6h-2.9c.2-1.9 1.4-3.4 3.2-4.3L18.6 6z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><p>Eviction compensation, uncapping and the termination clause often involve several hundred thousand euros: the drafting of the instruments and the timetable determine the outcome.<\/p><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p4\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p4\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The timetable<\/p>\n<h2>The timeline of a <em>contested renewal<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The typical steps. The court-appointed expert assessment is the longest phase; appeals often lengthen the proceedings.<\/p>\n<ol class=\"kcv-hs\"><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">12 months before<\/p><p>Audit of the lease, review of the local factors of commerciality, calculation of the target rental value, anticipation of the notice to quit or the request for renewal.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">6 months before<\/p><p>Notice to quit or request for renewal by extrajudicial instrument within the statutory time limit, with the grounds and the right to challenge stated on pain of nullity.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Lease expiry<\/p><p>The lease ends or is renewed. Failing agreement on the rent, an occupation indemnity is due until the judge sets the rent.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">J+30 \u00e0 J+90<\/p><p>Referral to the commercial rent judge for the renewed rent, or to the judicial court for the eviction compensation.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">J+120 \u00e0 J+360<\/p><p>Court-appointed expert assessment: site visit, review of the accounts, report. Longest phase of the proceedings.<\/p><\/li><li><span class=\"kcv-hs-dot\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/span><p class=\"kcv-tl-t\">Day 400 and beyond<\/p><p>Hearing, judgment setting the rent or the eviction compensation, then enforcement or appeal within one month.<\/p><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-p5\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-p5\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">The checks<\/p>\n<h2>What the firm checks <em>before acting<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">Proceedings brought without care backfire on the claimant. These points determine the strategy.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-split\">\n  <ul class=\"kcv-check\"><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Application of the statute: actual operation of a business, registration with the Trade and Companies Register (RCS), nature of the premises, any short-term leases.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Validity of the instruments: lease, riders, notices to quit, formal demands to pay; search for formal nullities.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Formal demand to pay: mention of the one-month period on pain of nullity, precise citation of the unperformed obligations, quantified and itemised debt (Article L. 145-41).<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Rent strategy: indexation, uncapping, gap between the current rent and the rental value.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Timetable: six-month notice period, two-year period to challenge or to claim eviction compensation, acts interrupting the limitation period.<\/span><\/li><li><svg width=\"18\" height=\"18\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"#E09019\" stroke-width=\"2.4\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><polyline points=\"20 6 9 17 4 12\"\/><\/svg><span>Inventory of the charges under the decree of 3 November 2014: charges, taxes and duties passed on to the tenant, failing which they cannot be enforced against the tenant.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">Case documents<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">Send what you have, even if incomplete<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Submit your documents through the confidential form at the top of the page: the firm will prioritise and complete the file with you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-synthese\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-synthese\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Summary<\/p>\n<h2>Situation, evidence, <em>time limit, action<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The most frequent configurations in commercial leases, to calibrate the strategy quickly.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-rows\">\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Approaching the end of the lease<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Lease, inventory of condition, recent exchanges.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 6 months before expiry.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Request for renewal or receipt of the notice to quit.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Landlord refuses renewal<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Reasoned notice to quit, operating accounts.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> 2 years to bring the claim for eviction compensation before the court.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Action to fix the eviction compensation.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Renewed rent in dispute<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Rental value assessment, expert reports.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before the option period expires.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Referral to the commercial rent judge.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Significant change in the neighbourhood<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Commercial studies, urban transformations.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> At the time of renewal.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Request for uncapping to the rental value.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Rent unpaid for 2 terms<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Itemised statement, formal notices.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Immediately after the 2nd term.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Formal demand to pay invoking the termination clause.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<div class=\"kcv-row\"><div class=\"kcv-row-h\"><p class=\"kcv-row-k\">Situation<\/p><h3>Assignment of the business in progress<\/h3><\/div><div class=\"kcv-row-b\"><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Decisive evidence:<\/strong> Draft assignment, assignee's Kbis extract.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Time limit:<\/strong> Before signing.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-p\"><strong>Useful action:<\/strong> Notification to the landlord and service of the assignment.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">The firm's practical cases<\/h3>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Three anonymised examples. The figures are rounded to preserve confidentiality.<\/p>\n<p class=\"kcv-p\">Three anonymised examples. The figures are rounded to preserve confidentiality.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-cards\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Eviction compensation of \u20ac320,000 for an 80 m\u00b2 shop in the Marais<\/h3><p>Refusal of renewal by the landlord. Ready-to-wear shop operated for fifteen years. Expert valuation of the business, of the lease right (a distinct component according to the case law of 13 October 2021) and of ancillary costs. Overall compensation of \u20ac320,000 obtained after an approved settlement.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Article L. 145-14 of the Commercial Code. Result: business compensated without a trial on the merits.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Uncapping obtained, rent raised from \u20ac24,000 to \u20ac38,000 per year<\/h3><p>Twelve-year commercial lease in a neighbourhood undergoing urban change. Demonstration of a significant change in the local factors of commerciality (arrival of premium brands, new pedestrian flows). Referral to the commercial rent judge. Rent set at the full rental value.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Article L. 145-33 of the Commercial Code. Result: landlord's yield adjusted.<\/p><\/div>\n  <div class=\"kcv-card\"><h3>Termination clause suspended, tenant obtains 18 months to pay<\/h3><p>Restaurateur in difficulty after a loss of turnover following roadworks in the street. Formal demand to pay invoking the termination clause. Court application for time to pay under Article 1343-5 of the Civil Code. Approved 18-month repayment plan, suspension of the termination clause, business retained.<\/p><p class=\"kcv-small\">Action: Articles L. 145-41 and 1343-5. Result: lease preserved, operations maintained.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-faq\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-faq\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Frequently asked questions<\/p>\n<h2>Your questions: <em>commercial leases<\/em><\/h2>\n<div class=\"kcv-faqgrid\">\n  <aside class=\"kcv-act kcv-act-sticky\">\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-k\">15 questions<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-t\">A situation not listed here?<\/p>\n    <p class=\"kcv-act-p\">Every case has its own features. The firm reads your documents before answering you.<\/p>\n    <div class=\"kcv-act-b\"><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n  <\/aside>\n  <div class=\"kcv-faq\"><details><summary>What is the minimum term of a commercial lease?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The minimum term of a commercial lease is nine years, in accordance with Article L. 145-4 of the Commercial Code. The tenant has a right to terminate every three years, that is, at the end of each three-year period, except where a valid contractual waiver applies to leases of more than nine years, leases of premises built for a single use, leases of premises used exclusively as offices or leases of storage premises within the meaning of Article 231 ter of the General Tax Code. Unless a special clause provides otherwise, the landlord has no equivalent right: the landlord can give notice to quit only at the expiry of the lease, apart from the limited cases provided for by Article L. 145-4 (in particular construction, reconstruction or raising of the building). This asymmetry protects the tenant's investment in its business. The lease may be concluded for a longer term, for example twelve or fifteen years, but not for a shorter one, unless a short-term commercial lease governed by Article L. 145-5 of the Commercial Code is used.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Is the renewal of a commercial lease automatic?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>No. A commercial lease does not renew automatically. Under Article L. 145-9 of the Commercial Code, the lease ends only by notice to quit given six months in advance or by a request for renewal. If neither party takes the initiative, the lease continues by tacit extension beyond the agreed term. During this tacit extension, the landlord may give notice to quit at any time, at least six months in advance and for the last day of a calendar quarter, which creates uncertainty for the tenant. Practice advises the tenant to serve a request for renewal by extrajudicial instrument in the six months before expiry, in order to fix the position and trigger the renewal procedure. The landlord's notice to quit, like the tenant's request for renewal, must be served by extrajudicial instrument and state certain mandatory particulars on pain of nullity.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How is eviction compensation calculated?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Eviction compensation equals the loss caused by the failure to renew, in accordance with Article L. 145-14 of the Commercial Code. It comprises a principal indemnity and ancillary indemnities. The principal indemnity is set either at the market value of the business (where the eviction causes the loss of the business) or at the value of the lease right (where the tenant can transfer its activity to equivalent premises). The Court of Cassation, in a leading judgment of 13 October 2021 (No. 20-19.340) published in the Bulletin, held that the value of the lease right is a distinct component of the business that must be valued independently of the outcome of the transfer. The ancillary indemnities cover removal and relocation costs, temporary commercial loss, stock losses and transfer duties. The valuation is made by an expert. Practice distinguishes several methods: turnover value, the rent differential method and the comparative method.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>In what cases can the landlord refuse renewal without compensation?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The landlord may refuse renewal without eviction compensation in several cases exhaustively listed by law. The serious and legitimate ground provided for in Article L. 145-17 of the Commercial Code requires prior formal notice to stop conduct contrary to the terms of the lease (unauthorised change of use, persistent non-payment, damage). A dilapidated or unsanitary building that must be demolished gives rise to a regulated right of refusal. Recovery of the premises for personal occupation, by the landlord or the landlord's spouse, ascendants or descendants, is strictly regulated and accompanied by a priority right for the tenant. Failure to actually operate the business for more than three years may justify refusal without compensation, unless the tenant provides justification. Each ground requires rigorous proof. The notice to quit must, on pain of nullity, state the ground relied on.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the uncapping of a commercial rent?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Uncapping is the exception to the rule that the renewed rent is capped. The cap, derived from Article L. 145-34 of the Commercial Code, limits the increase of the renewed rent to the change in the applicable quarterly index (ILC for shops, ILAT for offices and tertiary activities). Uncapping allows the rent to be set at the full rental value, with no cap. It is available where the landlord shows a significant change in one of the elements listed in Article L. 145-33: characteristics of the premises, permitted use of the premises, respective obligations of the parties, local factors of commerciality, prices commonly charged in the neighbourhood. The change must be significant, that is, substantial and lasting, and have a direct impact on the rental value. Uncapping often represents a financial stake of several tens of thousands of euros a year for the landlord.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What are the local factors of commerciality?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The local factors of commerciality are the characteristics of the neighbourhood that influence the commercial attractiveness of the premises. They include in particular demographic change, consumers' purchasing power, the arrival or departure of attractive brands, urban transformations (pedestrianisation, new transport stations, urban development works), changes in the retail offering, and the creation of public or private facilities. A significant change in the local factors of commerciality opens the way to uncapping to the rental value, provided that it has a favourable influence on the tenant's commercial activity. Proof rests on market studies, INSEE data, before-and-after photographic comparisons and testimony from other traders in the neighbourhood. The litigation is mainly numerical and factual: the court often entrusts an expert with assessing the change.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How does the three-yearly rent review work?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The three-yearly review, provided for in Article L. 145-38 of the Commercial Code, allows the rent to be readjusted at the end of each three-year period, according to the change in the applicable quarterly index since the last contractual or judicial setting of the rent. The request may be made by the landlord or the tenant. The new rent may not exceed the cap resulting from the change in the index, unless there is a significant change in the local factors of commerciality or in the characteristics of the premises. The review requires a request sent by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt or by extrajudicial instrument, stating the rent requested. Failing agreement, the competent court is the commercial rent judge of the judicial court. The procedure is preceded by an amicable negotiation phase, often fruitful where the positions are reasonable.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What is the penalty for an irregular indexation clause?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>An irregular indexation clause is penalised by treating the disputed stipulation as \"unwritten\". The Court of Cassation, in a judgment of 29 November 2018 (No. 17-23.058) published in the Bulletin and in the Report, held that only the stipulations that create the distortion prohibited by Article L. 112-1 of the Monetary and Financial Code are deemed unwritten. A court of appeal infringes that provision if it deems an entire clause unwritten where the clause provides for a period of index variation longer than the interval between revisions only for a first adjustment, when the following reference periods have the same length. The penalty is therefore proportionate to the irregularity found. The litigation is critical for leases with contractual indexation: partial nullity may result in an overpayment of rent repayable to the tenant, sometimes over several years.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>What requirements must a formal demand to pay meet?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The formal demand invoking the termination clause, served by a bailiff (commissaire de justice), must strictly comply with the requirements of Article L. 145-41 of the Commercial Code. On pain of nullity, it must mention the one-month period granted to the tenant to comply. It must precisely cite the unperformed obligations (unpaid rent, charges, or any other obligation expressly covered by the termination clause). It must quantify the debt in an itemised way, distinguishing rent, charges and occupation indemnities. Practice also requires a detailed statement annexed. Failure to meet any of these requirements exposes the demand to nullity, which deprives the termination of its effect. The tenant must then be summoned to restart the procedure from the beginning, which costs the landlord several months. Careful drafting of the demand, with an audit of the lease clauses, is therefore essential.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Can the judge grant the tenant time to pay?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Yes. Article L. 145-41 of the Commercial Code allows the judge, on the basis of Article 1343-5 of the Civil Code, to grant the tenant time to pay by suspending the effects of the termination clause. The suspension applies as long as the termination has not been established or ordered by a court decision with the force of res judicata. The termination clause does not operate if the tenant pays off the debt under the conditions set by the judge. The Court of Cassation, in a judgment of 22 October 2020 (No. 19-19.542) published in the Bulletin, stated a decisive rule: where an urgent-application order that suspended the effects of the termination clause has become final, the landlord can no longer, if the tenant fails to meet the payment deadlines, unilaterally demand performance of the terminated lease. This case law protects the tenant against the landlord going back on the position taken and fixes the procedural sequence between urgent application and proceedings on the merits.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the assignment of the lease require the landlord&#x27;s approval?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The assignment of the lease to the buyer of the business is protected by Article L. 145-16 of the Commercial Code. Any clause prohibiting that assignment is deemed unwritten. The landlord therefore cannot oppose it or make it subject to discretionary approval. However, the landlord may impose procedural conditions: service of the deed of assignment by a bailiff, the landlord's presence at the signing of the assignment, an audit of the assignee. The lease may also provide for approval of split assignments (assignment of the lease alone, without the business), where contractual freedom regains all its force. Assignment litigation frequently turns on the characterisation of the transaction: is it an assignment of the lease to the buyer of the business (protected) or a stand-alone assignment (subject to approval)? The stake is commercial: enhancing the value of the business on resale.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Does the assignor remain guarantor of the assignee after the assignment?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>Often, yes. A clause making the assignor jointly and severally liable for the assignee's obligations is common in commercial leases. It allows the landlord to claim from the assignor the unpaid rent and other charges of the assignor's successor. Law No. 2014-626 of 18 June 2014 introduced Article L. 145-16-2 of the Commercial Code, which limits the duration of this guarantee to three years from the assignment. The Court of Cassation, in a judgment of 11 April 2019 (No. 18-16.121) published in the Bulletin, held that this limitation does not apply immediately to existing contracts: it applies only to leases concluded from 18 June 2014. For earlier leases, the guarantee may extend over the whole remaining term of the lease. Practice requires a careful examination of the date of the lease, the content of the clause and the calculation of the remaining duration of the guarantee.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How can a landlord's notice to quit be challenged?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The tenant has two years to bring the matter before the court to challenge the notice to quit or to claim eviction compensation, in accordance with Article L. 145-9 of the Commercial Code. The period runs from the date for which the notice to quit was given. The notice may be challenged for defects of form: missing mandatory particulars, irregular signature, defective service. It may be challenged for defects of substance: absence of a legitimate ground, falsity of the ground, fraud. The tenant may also accept the termination of the lease but claim eviction compensation. The matter is brought by writ of summons before the judicial court or the commercial chamber, depending on local courts. The expert assessment phase on the value of the business is often the longest. The procedure may last two to three years. An approved settlement is common when the parties' positions come closer.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>Which court has jurisdiction over commercial lease disputes?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>The court with jurisdiction over commercial lease disputes in Paris is the Paris judicial court, which has chambers specialising in commercial leases. Territorial jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the property is situated, by derogation from the general rule of the defendant's domicile. For fixing the renewed or reviewed rent, the commercial rent judge has exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction under Article R. 145-23 of the Commercial Code. The commercial rent judge rules under a simplified procedure by written submissions and on expert evidence. For other disputes (termination, eviction compensation, validity of clauses, assignment), jurisdiction lies with the commercial leases chamber of the court. In Paris, the judicial court sits at the Parvis du Tribunal de Paris in the 17th arrondissement. Proceedings are started by writ of summons, with mandatory representation by a lawyer.<\/p><\/div><\/details><details><summary>How long does commercial lease litigation take?<\/summary><div class=\"a\"><p>A full commercial lease procedure lasts between 18 and 36 months depending on complexity. Proceedings to fix the renewed rent before the commercial rent judge typically last between 18 and 24 months, much of it taken up by the court-appointed expert assessment. Eviction compensation proceedings before the judicial court often last between 24 and 36 months, again with a predominant expert assessment phase. Termination clause proceedings can be quicker: a few months in urgent application proceedings to establish that the clause has taken effect, followed by proceedings on the merits if necessary. Settlement is very common: about half of cases are resolved at the amicable stage once the positions are calibrated. The total cost varies with the value of the case (rent or business) and its complexity. A precise answer on timing and cost requires a prior audit of the lease and of the documents exchanged.<\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"kcv-slide\" id=\"kcv-textes\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"kcv-t-kcv-textes\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n<p class=\"kk\">Sources and related pages<\/p>\n<h2>Official texts and <em>related pages<\/em><\/h2>\n<p class=\"kcv-lead\">The sources for this page and the firm's related areas of practice.<\/p>\n<div class=\"kcv-arts\"><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000005634379\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000005634379\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Commercial Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">commercial lease statute, Articles L. 145-1 et seq.<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-art kohen-legifrance-popup-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" data-kohen-legifrance-url=\"https:\/\/www.legifrance.gouv.fr\/codes\/texte_lc\/LEGITEXT000006070721\" data-kohen-legifrance-title=\"Texte officiel Legifrance\"><span class=\"kcv-art-n\">Civil Code<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-t\">time to pay under Article 1343-5<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"kcv-center\">Further reading<\/h3>\n<div class=\"kcv-pgs\"><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/fonds-de-commerce-sale-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Sale of a business<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/eviction-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Eviction of tenants<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/real-estate-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/property-sale-litigation-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Property sale litigation<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/business-law-attorneys-paris-75017\/debt-recovery-lawyer\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Commercial debt recovery<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Firm practice area<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Real estate law in Paris<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">The firm's practice<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><a class=\"kcv-pg\" href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/contact\/\"><span class=\"kcv-pg-t\">Contact<\/span><span class=\"kcv-pg-s\">Write to or meet the firm<\/span><span class=\"kcv-art-a\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2.2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M7 17 17 7M9 7h8v8\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/a><\/div>\n<p class=\"kcv-small kcv-center\">Page updated on 17 July 2026.<\/p><\/div><\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section class=\"kcv-cta\">\n  <div class=\"kcv-in\">\n    <div class=\"kcv-cta-card\">\n      <h2>A commercial lease file? <em>Have it audited<\/em>.<\/h2>\n      <p>Landlord or tenant, the commercial lease often determines the value of the property or of the business. Send the lease, the riders and the documents exchanged: the firm replies within 24 to 48 hours with a legal assessment and a strategy.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"kcv-btns\">\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-tel\" href=\"tel:+33646605822\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"currentColor\" stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"0\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><path d=\"M22 16.9v3a2 2 0 0 1-2.2 2 19.8 19.8 0 0 1-8.6-3.1 19.5 19.5 0 0 1-6-6A19.8 19.8 0 0 1 2.1 4.2 2 2 0 0 1 4.1 2h3a2 2 0 0 1 2 1.7c.1.9.4 1.8.7 2.7a2 2 0 0 1-.5 2.1L8 9.8a16 16 0 0 0 6 6l1.3-1.3a2 2 0 0 1 2.1-.4c.9.3 1.8.6 2.7.7a2 2 0 0 1 1.7 2z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Call the firm<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">06&nbsp;46&nbsp;60&nbsp;58&nbsp;22<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n        <a class=\"kcv-fb kcv-fb-mail\" href=\"#kch-form\"><span class=\"kcv-fb-orb\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" width=\"24\" height=\"24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"2\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><rect x=\"2.5\" y=\"4.5\" width=\"19\" height=\"15\" rx=\"2.5\"\/><path d=\"m3.5 6.5 8.5 6.5 8.5-6.5\"\/><\/svg><\/span><span class=\"kcv-fb-txt\">Send your documents<span class=\"kcv-fb-n\">confidential form<\/span><\/span><\/a>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div>\n<\/section>\n<div class=\"kcv-news-band\"><h2>The latest <em>news.<\/em><\/h2><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [{\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the minimum term of a commercial lease?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The minimum term of a commercial lease is nine years, in accordance with Article L. 145-4 of the Commercial Code. The tenant has a right to terminate every three years, that is, at the end of each three-year period, except where a valid contractual waiver applies to leases of more than nine years, leases of premises built for a single use, leases of premises used exclusively as offices or leases of storage premises within the meaning of Article 231 ter of the General Tax Code. Unless a special clause provides otherwise, the landlord has no equivalent right: the landlord can give notice to quit only at the expiry of the lease, apart from the limited cases provided for by Article L. 145-4 (in particular construction, reconstruction or raising of the building). This asymmetry protects the tenant's investment in its business. The lease may be concluded for a longer term, for example twelve or fifteen years, but not for a shorter one, unless a short-term commercial lease governed by Article L. 145-5 of the Commercial Code is used.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Is the renewal of a commercial lease automatic?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"No. A commercial lease does not renew automatically. Under Article L. 145-9 of the Commercial Code, the lease ends only by notice to quit given six months in advance or by a request for renewal. If neither party takes the initiative, the lease continues by tacit extension beyond the agreed term. During this tacit extension, the landlord may give notice to quit at any time, at least six months in advance and for the last day of a calendar quarter, which creates uncertainty for the tenant. Practice advises the tenant to serve a request for renewal by extrajudicial instrument in the six months before expiry, in order to fix the position and trigger the renewal procedure. The landlord's notice to quit, like the tenant's request for renewal, must be served by extrajudicial instrument and state certain mandatory particulars on pain of nullity.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How is eviction compensation calculated?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Eviction compensation equals the loss caused by the failure to renew, in accordance with Article L. 145-14 of the Commercial Code. It comprises a principal indemnity and ancillary indemnities. The principal indemnity is set either at the market value of the business (where the eviction causes the loss of the business) or at the value of the lease right (where the tenant can transfer its activity to equivalent premises). The Court of Cassation, in a leading judgment of 13 October 2021 (No. 20-19.340) published in the Bulletin, held that the value of the lease right is a distinct component of the business that must be valued independently of the outcome of the transfer. The ancillary indemnities cover removal and relocation costs, temporary commercial loss, stock losses and transfer duties. The valuation is made by an expert. Practice distinguishes several methods: turnover value, the rent differential method and the comparative method.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"In what cases can the landlord refuse renewal without compensation?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The landlord may refuse renewal without eviction compensation in several cases exhaustively listed by law. The serious and legitimate ground provided for in Article L. 145-17 of the Commercial Code requires prior formal notice to stop conduct contrary to the terms of the lease (unauthorised change of use, persistent non-payment, damage). A dilapidated or unsanitary building that must be demolished gives rise to a regulated right of refusal. Recovery of the premises for personal occupation, by the landlord or the landlord's spouse, ascendants or descendants, is strictly regulated and accompanied by a priority right for the tenant. Failure to actually operate the business for more than three years may justify refusal without compensation, unless the tenant provides justification. Each ground requires rigorous proof. The notice to quit must, on pain of nullity, state the ground relied on.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the uncapping of a commercial rent?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Uncapping is the exception to the rule that the renewed rent is capped. The cap, derived from Article L. 145-34 of the Commercial Code, limits the increase of the renewed rent to the change in the applicable quarterly index (ILC for shops, ILAT for offices and tertiary activities). Uncapping allows the rent to be set at the full rental value, with no cap. It is available where the landlord shows a significant change in one of the elements listed in Article L. 145-33: characteristics of the premises, permitted use of the premises, respective obligations of the parties, local factors of commerciality, prices commonly charged in the neighbourhood. The change must be significant, that is, substantial and lasting, and have a direct impact on the rental value. Uncapping often represents a financial stake of several tens of thousands of euros a year for the landlord.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What are the local factors of commerciality?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The local factors of commerciality are the characteristics of the neighbourhood that influence the commercial attractiveness of the premises. They include in particular demographic change, consumers' purchasing power, the arrival or departure of attractive brands, urban transformations (pedestrianisation, new transport stations, urban development works), changes in the retail offering, and the creation of public or private facilities. A significant change in the local factors of commerciality opens the way to uncapping to the rental value, provided that it has a favourable influence on the tenant's commercial activity. Proof rests on market studies, INSEE data, before-and-after photographic comparisons and testimony from other traders in the neighbourhood. The litigation is mainly numerical and factual: the court often entrusts an expert with assessing the change.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How does the three-yearly rent review work?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The three-yearly review, provided for in Article L. 145-38 of the Commercial Code, allows the rent to be readjusted at the end of each three-year period, according to the change in the applicable quarterly index since the last contractual or judicial setting of the rent. The request may be made by the landlord or the tenant. The new rent may not exceed the cap resulting from the change in the index, unless there is a significant change in the local factors of commerciality or in the characteristics of the premises. The review requires a request sent by registered letter with acknowledgment of receipt or by extrajudicial instrument, stating the rent requested. Failing agreement, the competent court is the commercial rent judge of the judicial court. The procedure is preceded by an amicable negotiation phase, often fruitful where the positions are reasonable.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What is the penalty for an irregular indexation clause?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"An irregular indexation clause is penalised by treating the disputed stipulation as \\\"unwritten\\\". The Court of Cassation, in a judgment of 29 November 2018 (No. 17-23.058) published in the Bulletin and in the Report, held that only the stipulations that create the distortion prohibited by Article L. 112-1 of the Monetary and Financial Code are deemed unwritten. A court of appeal infringes that provision if it deems an entire clause unwritten where the clause provides for a period of index variation longer than the interval between revisions only for a first adjustment, when the following reference periods have the same length. The penalty is therefore proportionate to the irregularity found. The litigation is critical for leases with contractual indexation: partial nullity may result in an overpayment of rent repayable to the tenant, sometimes over several years.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"What requirements must a formal demand to pay meet?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The formal demand invoking the termination clause, served by a bailiff (commissaire de justice), must strictly comply with the requirements of Article L. 145-41 of the Commercial Code. On pain of nullity, it must mention the one-month period granted to the tenant to comply. It must precisely cite the unperformed obligations (unpaid rent, charges, or any other obligation expressly covered by the termination clause). It must quantify the debt in an itemised way, distinguishing rent, charges and occupation indemnities. Practice also requires a detailed statement annexed. Failure to meet any of these requirements exposes the demand to nullity, which deprives the termination of its effect. The tenant must then be summoned to restart the procedure from the beginning, which costs the landlord several months. Careful drafting of the demand, with an audit of the lease clauses, is therefore essential.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Can the judge grant the tenant time to pay?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Yes. Article L. 145-41 of the Commercial Code allows the judge, on the basis of Article 1343-5 of the Civil Code, to grant the tenant time to pay by suspending the effects of the termination clause. The suspension applies as long as the termination has not been established or ordered by a court decision with the force of res judicata. The termination clause does not operate if the tenant pays off the debt under the conditions set by the judge. The Court of Cassation, in a judgment of 22 October 2020 (No. 19-19.542) published in the Bulletin, stated a decisive rule: where an urgent-application order that suspended the effects of the termination clause has become final, the landlord can no longer, if the tenant fails to meet the payment deadlines, unilaterally demand performance of the terminated lease. This case law protects the tenant against landlord reversals and fixes the procedural sequence between urgent application and proceedings on the merits.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the assignment of the lease require the landlord's approval?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The assignment of the lease to the buyer of the business is protected by Article L. 145-16 of the Commercial Code. Any clause prohibiting that assignment is deemed unwritten. The landlord therefore cannot oppose it or make it subject to discretionary approval. However, the landlord may impose procedural conditions: service of the deed of assignment by a bailiff, the landlord's presence at the signing of the assignment, an audit of the assignee. The lease may also provide for approval of split assignments (assignment of the lease alone, without the business), where contractual freedom regains all its force. Assignment litigation frequently turns on the characterisation of the transaction: is it an assignment of the lease to the buyer of the business (protected) or a stand-alone assignment (subject to approval)? The stake is commercial: enhancing the value of the business on resale.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Does the assignor remain guarantor of the assignee after the assignment?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"Often, yes. A clause making the assignor jointly and severally liable for the assignee's obligations is common in commercial leases. It allows the landlord to claim from the assignor the unpaid rent and other charges of the assignor's successor. Law No. 2014-626 of 18 June 2014 introduced Article L. 145-16-2 of the Commercial Code, which limits the duration of this guarantee to three years from the assignment. The Court of Cassation, in a judgment of 11 April 2019 (No. 18-16.121) published in the Bulletin, held that this limitation does not apply immediately to existing contracts: it applies only to leases concluded from 18 June 2014. For earlier leases, the guarantee may extend over the whole remaining term of the lease. Practice requires a careful examination of the date of the lease, the content of the clause and the calculation of the remaining duration of the guarantee.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How can a landlord's notice to quit be challenged?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The tenant has two years to bring the matter before the court to challenge the notice to quit or to claim eviction compensation, in accordance with Article L. 145-9 of the Commercial Code. The period runs from the date for which the notice to quit was given. The notice may be challenged for defects of form: missing mandatory particulars, irregular signature, defective service. It may be challenged for defects of substance: absence of a legitimate ground, falsity of the ground, fraud. The tenant may also accept the termination of the lease but claim eviction compensation. The matter is brought by writ of summons before the judicial court or the commercial chamber, depending on local courts. The expert assessment phase on the value of the business is often the longest. The procedure may last two to three years. An approved settlement is common when the parties' positions come closer.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"Which court has jurisdiction over commercial lease disputes?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"The court with jurisdiction over commercial lease disputes in Paris is the Paris judicial court, which has chambers specialising in commercial leases. Territorial jurisdiction lies with the court of the place where the property is situated, by derogation from the general rule of the defendant's domicile. For fixing the renewed or reviewed rent, the commercial rent judge has exclusive subject-matter jurisdiction under Article R. 145-23 of the Commercial Code. The commercial rent judge rules under a simplified procedure by written submissions and on expert evidence. For other disputes (termination, eviction compensation, validity of clauses, assignment), jurisdiction lies with the commercial leases chamber of the court. In Paris, the judicial court sits at the Parvis du Tribunal de Paris in the 17th arrondissement. Proceedings are started by writ of summons, with mandatory representation by a lawyer.\"}}, {\"@type\": \"Question\", \"name\": \"How long does commercial lease litigation take?\", \"acceptedAnswer\": {\"@type\": \"Answer\", \"text\": \"A full commercial lease procedure lasts between 18 and 36 months depending on complexity. Proceedings to fix the renewed rent before the commercial rent judge typically last between 18 and 24 months, much of it taken up by the court-appointed expert assessment. Eviction compensation proceedings before the judicial court often last between 24 and 36 months, again with a predominant expert assessment phase. Termination clause proceedings can be quicker: a few months in urgent application proceedings to establish that the clause has taken effect, followed by proceedings on the merits if necessary. Settlement is very common: about half of cases are resolved at the amicable stage once the positions are calibrated. The total cost varies with the value of the case (rent or business) and its complexity. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2156454 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2156454 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2156454 post-2156454 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/24\/france-storm-boelo-evacuated-building-peril-rent-insurance-foreign-owners-guide\/\">Storm Boelo in Paris: Foreign Owners&#8217; Guide to Evacuated Buildings, Safety Orders, Rent and Insurance Claims<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155861 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155861 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155861 post-2155861 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/23\/france-nonresident-selling-capital-gains-tax-representative-secure-sale-guide\/\">Selling French Property as a Non-Resident: Capital Gains Tax, the Tax Representative and How to Secure the Sale<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155776 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155776 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/giammarco-boscaro-eWpBNXRHfTI-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155776 post-2155776 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/23\/france-company-buyer-no-cooling-off-deposit-exits-foreign-investors-guide\/\">Buying French Property Through a Company (SCI, SARL, Foreign Ltd): No Cooling-Off Period, Deposit Rules and Exit Routes for Foreign Investors<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2155009 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/gabriel-ghnassia-VmS8VQ0n39Q-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2155009 post-2155009 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/22\/france-colocation-flatshare-rules-joint-lease-liability-deposit-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Renting Your Paris Flat to Sharers: French Flatsharing (Colocation) Rules Foreign Landlords Must Master<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154137 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/aleix-ventayol-yPoM-wmzKMM-unsplash-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154137 post-2154137 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-wrong-dpe-energy-rating-foreign-buyers-remedies-diagnostiqueur-guide\/\">Your French DPE Was Wrong: Diagnostiqueur Liability, Price Reduction and Rental-Ban Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. 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Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2154054 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/alex-block-PdDBTrkGYLo-unsplash-1-3-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2154054 post-2154054 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-viager-buying-foreign-buyers-bouquet-rente-occupied-free-remedies-guide\/\">Buying a Viager in France: Occupied vs Free, Bouquet and Rente Calculation, and Remedies for Foreign Buyers<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. Nettoyer les liens DANS le texte (Expos\u00e9 des motifs, etc.)\n        const content = card.querySelector('.elementor-widget-theme-post-content');\n        if (content) {\n            const links = content.querySelectorAll('a');\n            links.forEach(link => {\n                \/\/ Remplace le lien <a href=\"...\">Texte<\/a> par un simple <span>Texte<\/span>\n                const span = document.createElement('span');\n                span.innerHTML = link.innerHTML;\n                link.replaceWith(span);\n            });\n        }\n    });\n});\n<\/script>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<style id=\"loop-dynamic-1983483\">.e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836:not(.elementor-motion-effects-element-type-background), .e-loop-item-2153925 .elementor-element.elementor-element-5bca5836 > .elementor-motion-effects-container > .elementor-motion-effects-layer{background-image:url(\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/08\/annie-spratt-GWCvnsMtiBg-unsplash-scaled.webp\");}<\/style>\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"loop-item\" data-elementor-id=\"1983483\" class=\"elementor elementor-1983483 e-loop-item e-loop-item-2153925 post-2153925 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-decryptage category-en-real-estate\" data-elementor-post-type=\"elementor_library\" data-custom-edit-handle=\"1\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5bca5836 card-item e-ecs-flex e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5bca5836\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;ecs_container_type&quot;:&quot;flex&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-daf2e8 card-title elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"daf2e8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/kohenavocats.fr\/en\/2026\/10\/21\/france-evict-tenant-unpaid-rent-foreign-landlords-guide\/\">Tenant Stopped Paying Rent in France: How a Foreign Landlord Terminates the Lease and Recovers the Flat<\/a><\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b7e11a6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"b7e11a6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t <script>\n  (function() {\n    let attempts = 0;\n    const maxAttempts = 20; \/\/ 20 tentatives = 10 secondes max\n\n    function tryClean() {\n      attempts++;\n      console.log('Tentative', attempts);\n\n      \/\/ Cherche TOUS les conteneurs possibles\n      const containers = document.querySelectorAll(\n        '.elementor-widget-theme-post-content .elementor-widget-container, ' +\n        '.card-item [class*=\"post-content\"], ' +\n        '.elementor-loop-container [class*=\"widget-container\"]'\n      );\n\n      console.log('Conteneurs trouv\u00e9s:', containers.length);\n\n      if (containers.length === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        \/\/ R\u00e9essaye dans 500ms\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n        return;\n      }\n\n      let cleaned = 0;\n\n      containers.forEach(function(container) {\n        const html = container.innerHTML;\n\n        if (html && html.includes('Expos\u00e9 des motifs')) {\n          console.log('Nettoyage en cours...');\n          const parts = html.split('Expos\u00e9 des motifs');\n          if (parts[1]) {\n            container.innerHTML = parts[1].trim();\n            cleaned++;\n          }\n        }\n      });\n\n      console.log('Cartes nettoy\u00e9es:', cleaned);\n\n      \/\/ Si rien n'a \u00e9t\u00e9 nettoy\u00e9 et qu'on a encore des tentatives\n      if (cleaned === 0 && attempts < maxAttempts) {\n        setTimeout(tryClean, 500);\n      }\n    }\n\n    \/\/ Lance au chargement\n    if (document.readyState === 'loading') {\n      document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', tryClean);\n    } else {\n      tryClean();\n    }\n  })();\n  <\/script>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bcaeb6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"bcaeb6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<script>\ndocument.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\", function() {\n    \n    \/\/ 1. Rendre la carte cliquable (Simule le lien)\n    const cards = document.querySelectorAll('.card-item');\n    \n    cards.forEach(card => {\n        card.style.cursor = 'pointer';\n        \n        \/\/ On cherche l'URL dans le titre de la carte\n        const titleLink = card.querySelector('.card-title a');\n        let url = titleLink ? titleLink.href : null;\n\n        if (url) {\n            \/\/ Clic sur toute la carte\n            card.addEventListener('click', function(e) {\n                \/\/ Si on ne clique pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 sur un bouton ou un autre lien valide\n                if (!e.target.closest('a') && !e.target.closest('button')) {\n                    window.location.href = url;\n                }\n            });\n        }\n\n        \/\/ 2. 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The commercial lease statute in Articles L. 145-1 et seq. of the French Commercial Code (Code de commerce) involves high financial stakes: eviction compensation, uncapping of the rent, the termination clause. As a commercial tenancy lawyer in Paris, the firm [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251031307,"featured_media":1748851,"parent":1773696,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2161014","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.2 (Yoast SEO v28.2) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Commercial Tenancy Lawyer Paris | Kohen Avocats<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Commercial tenancy lawyer Paris for landlords and tenants: lease renewal, rent uncapping, eviction compensation. 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